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Yang T, Wu X, Wang W, Wu Y. Regulation of seed storage protein synthesis in monocot and dicot plants: A comparative review. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:145-167. [PMID: 36495013 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Seeds are a major source of nutrients for humans and animal livestock worldwide. With improved living standards, high nutritional quality has become one of the main targets for breeding. Storage protein content in seeds, which is highly variable depending on plant species, serves as a pivotal criterion of seed nutritional quality. In the last few decades, our understanding of the molecular genetics and regulatory mechanisms of storage protein synthesis has greatly advanced. Here, we systematically and comprehensively summarize breakthroughs on the conservation and divergence of storage protein synthesis in dicot and monocot plants. With regard to storage protein accumulation, we discuss evolutionary origins, developmental processes, characteristics of main storage protein fractions, regulatory networks, and genetic modifications. In addition, we discuss potential breeding strategies to improve storage protein accumulation and provide perspectives on some key unanswered problems that need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingguo Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wenqin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yongrui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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2
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Li S, Liu L, Li T, Lan T, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Liu J, Xu S, Zhang X, Zhu J, Xue J, Guo D. The distribution pattern of endopolyploidy in maize. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:1487-1503. [PMID: 30734115 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We discovered that endopolyploidization is common in various organs and tissues of maize at different development stages. Endopolyploidy is not specific in maize germplasm populations. Endopolyploidy is caused by DNA endoreplication, a special type of mitosis with normal DNA synthesis and a lack of cell division; it is a common phenomenon and plays an important role in plant development. To systematically study the distribution pattern of endopolyploidy in maize, flow cytometry was used to determine the ploidy by measuring the cycle (C) value in various organs at different developmental stages, in embryos and endosperm during grain development, in roots under stress conditions, and in the roots of 119 inbred lines from two heterotic groups, Shaan A and Shaan B. Endopolyploidy was observed in most organs at various developmental stages except in expanded leaves and filaments. The endosperm showed the highest C value among all organs. During tissue development, the ploidy increased in all organs except the leaves. In addition, the endopolyploidization of the roots was significantly affected by drought stress. Multiple comparisons of the C values of seven subgroups revealed that the distribution of endopolyploidization was not correlated with the population structure. A correlation analysis at the seedling stage showed a positive relationship between the C value and both the length of the whole plant and the length of main root. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified a total of 9 significant SNPs associated with endopolyploidy (C value) in maize, and 8 candidate genes that participate in cell cycle regulation and DNA replication were uncovered in 119 maize inbred lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linsan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianru Lan
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengquan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianchao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shutu Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianchu Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiquan Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongwei Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Mainieri D, Marrano CA, Prinsi B, Maffi D, Tschofen M, Espen L, Stöger E, Faoro F, Pedrazzini E, Vitale A. Maize 16-kD γ-zein forms very unusual disulfide-bonded polymers in the endoplasmic reticulum: implications for prolamin evolution. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:5013-5027. [PMID: 30085182 PMCID: PMC6184761 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), prolamin storage proteins of cereal seeds form very large, ordered heteropolymers termed protein bodies (PBs), which are insoluble unless treated with alcohol or reducing agents. In maize PBs, 16-kD γ-zein locates at the interface between a core of alcohol-soluble α-zeins and the outermost layer mainly composed of the reduced-soluble 27-kD γ-zein. 16-kD γ-zein originates from 27-kD γ-zein upon whole-genome duplication and is mainly characterized by deletions in the N-terminal domain that eliminate most Pro-rich repeats and part of the Cys residues involved in inter-chain bonds. 27-kD γ-zein also forms insoluble PBs when expressed in transgenic vegetative tissues. We show that in Arabidopsis leaves, 16-kD γ-zein assembles into disulfide-linked polymers that fail to efficiently become insoluble. Instead of forming PBs, these polymers accumulate as very unusual threads that markedly enlarge the ER lumen, resembling amyloid-like fibers. Domain-swapping between the two γ-zeins indicates that the N-terminal region of 16-kD γ-zein has a dominant effect in preventing full insolubilization. Therefore, a newly evolved prolamin has lost the ability to form homotypic PBs, and has acquired a new function in the assembly of natural, heteropolymeric PBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Mainieri
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, CNR, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Bhakti Prinsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Maffi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marc Tschofen
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Espen
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Eva Stöger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franco Faoro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pedrazzini
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, CNR, Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: or
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, CNR, Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: or
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Farré G, Perez-Fons L, Decourcelle M, Breitenbach J, Hem S, Zhu C, Capell T, Christou P, Fraser PD, Sandmann G. Metabolic engineering of astaxanthin biosynthesis in maize endosperm and characterization of a prototype high oil hybrid. Transgenic Res 2016; 25:477-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-016-9943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Salazar-Salas NY, Pineda-Hidalgo KV, Chavez-Ontiveros J, Gutierrez-Dorado R, Reyes-Moreno C, Bello-Pérez LA, Larkins BA, Lopez-Valenzuela JA. Biochemical characterization of QTLs associated with endosperm modification in quality protein maize. J Cereal Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang Y, Xu X, Zhou X, Chen R, Yang P, Meng Q, Meng K, Luo H, Yuan J, Yao B, Zhang W. Overexpression of an acidic endo-β-1,3-1,4-glucanase in transgenic maize seed for direct utilization in animal feed. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81993. [PMID: 24391711 PMCID: PMC3876984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incorporation of exogenous glucanase into animal feed is common practice to remove glucan, one of the anti-nutritional factors, for efficient nutrition absorption. The acidic endo-β-1,3-1,4-glucanase (Bgl7A) from Bispora sp. MEY-1 has excellent properties and represents a potential enzyme supplement to animal feed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we successfully developed a transgenic maize producing a high level of Bgl7AM (codon modified Bgl7A) by constructing a recombinant vector driven by the embryo-specific promoter ZM-leg1A. Southern and Western blot analysis indicated the stable integration and specific expression of the transgene in maize seeds over four generations. The β-glucanase activity of the transgenic maize seeds reached up to 779,800 U/kg, about 236-fold higher than that of non-transgenic maize. The β-glucanase derived from the transgenic maize seeds had an optimal pH of 4.0 and was stable at pH 1.0-8.0, which is in agreement with the normal environment of digestive tract. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Our study offers a transgenic maize line that could be directly used in animal feed without any glucanase production, purification and supplementation, consequently simplifying the feed enzyme processing procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojin Zhou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rumei Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peilong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qingchang Meng
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Kun Meng
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huiying Luo
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Yuan
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (BY); (ZW)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (BY); (ZW)
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7
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Production of α-L-iduronidase in maize for the potential treatment of a human lysosomal storage disease. Nat Commun 2013; 3:1062. [PMID: 22990858 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases are a class of over 70 rare genetic diseases that are amenable to enzyme replacement therapy. Towards developing a plant-based enzyme replacement therapeutic for the lysosomal storage disease mucopolysaccharidosis I, here we expressed α-L-iduronidase in the endosperm of maize seeds by a previously uncharacterized mRNA-targeting-based mechanism. Immunolocalization, cellular fractionation and in situ RT-PCR demonstrate that the α-L-iduronidase protein and mRNA are targeted to endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived protein bodies and to protein body-ER regions, respectively, using regulatory (5'- and 3'-UTR) and signal-peptide coding sequences from the γ-zein gene. The maize α-L-iduronidase exhibits high activity, contains high-mannose N-glycans and is amenable to in vitro phosphorylation. This mRNA-based strategy is of widespread importance as plant N-glycan maturation is controlled and the therapeutic protein is generated in a native form. For our target enzyme, the N-glycan structures are appropriate for downstream processing, a prerequisite for its potential as a therapeutic protein.
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Washida H, Sugino A, Doroshenk KA, Satoh-Cruz M, Nagamine A, Katsube-Tanaka T, Ogawa M, Kumamaru T, Satoh H, Okita TW. RNA targeting to a specific ER sub-domain is required for efficient transport and packaging of α-globulins to the protein storage vacuole in developing rice endosperm. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 70:471-9. [PMID: 22168839 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04880.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies focusing on the targeting of RNAs that encode rice storage proteins, prolamines and glutelins to specific sub-domains of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), as well as mis-localization studies of other storage protein RNAs, indicate a close relationship between the ER site of RNA translation and the final site of protein deposition in the endomembrane system in developing rice endosperm. In addition to prolamine and glutelin, rice accumulates smaller amounts of α-globulins, which are deposited together with glutelin in the protein storage vacuole (PSV). In situ RT-PCR analysis revealed that α-globulin RNAs are not distributed to the cisternal ER as expected for a PSV-localized protein, but instead are targeted to the protein body-ER (PB-ER) by a regulated process requiring cis-sorting sequences. Sequence alignments with putative maize δ-zein cis-localization elements identified several candidate regulatory sequences that may be responsible for PB-ER targeting. Immunocytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of α-globulin on the periphery of the prolamine protein bodies and packaging in Golgi-associated dense vesicles, as well as deposition and storage within peripheral regions of the PSV. Mis-targeting of α-globulin RNAs to the cisternal ER dramatically alters the spatial arrangement of α-globulin and glutelin within the PSV, with the accompanying presence of numerous small α-globulin particles in the cytoplasm. These results indicate that α-globulin RNA targeting to the PB-ER sub-domain is essential for efficient transport of α-globulins to the PSV and its spatial arrangement in the PSV. Such RNA localization prevents potential deleterious protein-protein interactions, in addition to performing a role in protein targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Washida
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
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Reyes FC, Chung T, Holding D, Jung R, Vierstra R, Otegui MS. Delivery of prolamins to the protein storage vacuole in maize aleurone cells. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:769-84. [PMID: 21343414 PMCID: PMC3077793 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.082156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Zeins, the prolamin storage proteins found in maize (Zea mays), accumulate in accretions called protein bodies inside the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of starchy endosperm cells. We found that genes encoding zeins, α-globulin, and legumin-1 are transcribed not only in the starchy endosperm but also in aleurone cells. Unlike the starchy endosperm, aleurone cells accumulate these storage proteins inside protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) instead of the ER. Aleurone PSVs contain zein-rich protein inclusions, a matrix, and a large system of intravacuolar membranes. After being assembled in the ER, zeins are delivered to the aleurone PSVs in atypical prevacuolar compartments that seem to arise at least partially by autophagy and consist of multilayered membranes and engulfed cytoplasmic material. The zein-containing prevacuolar compartments are neither surrounded by a double membrane nor decorated by AUTOPHAGY RELATED8 protein, suggesting that they are not typical autophagosomes. The PSV matrix contains glycoproteins that are trafficked through a Golgi-multivesicular body (MVB) pathway. MVBs likely fuse with the multilayered, autophagic compartments before merging with the PSV. The presence of similar PSVs also containing prolamins and large systems of intravacuolar membranes in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) starchy endosperm suggests that this trafficking mechanism may be common among cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taijoon Chung
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - David Holding
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0665
| | - Rudolf Jung
- Pioneer Hi-Bred International, a DuPont Company, Johnston, Iowa 50131
| | - Richard Vierstra
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Marisa S. Otegui
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Address correspondence to
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Arcalis E, Stadlmann J, Marcel S, Drakakaki G, Winter V, Rodriguez J, Fischer R, Altmann F, Stoger E. The changing fate of a secretory glycoprotein in developing maize endosperm. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 153:693-702. [PMID: 20388665 PMCID: PMC2879800 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.152363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Zeins are the major storage proteins in maize (Zea mays) endosperm, and their accumulation in zein bodies derived from the endoplasmic reticulum is well characterized. In contrast, relatively little is known about post-Golgi compartments or the trafficking of vacuolar proteins in maize endosperm, specifically the presence of globulins in structures resembling protein storage vacuoles that appear in early to mid-stage seed development. We investigated this pathway by expressing and analyzing a recombinant reporter glycoprotein during endosperm maturation, using a combination of microscopy and sensitive glycopeptide analysis. Specific N-glycan acceptor sites on the protein were followed through the stages of grain development, revealing a shift from predominantly paucimannosidic vacuolar glycoforms to predominantly trimmed glycan structures lacking fucose. This was accompanied by a change in the main subcellular localization of the protein from large protein storage vacuole-like post-Golgi organelles to the endoplasmic reticulum and zein bodies. The endogenous storage proteins corn alpha-globulin and corn legumin-1 showed a similar spatiotemporal profile both in transgenic plants expressing the reporter glycoprotein and in wild-type plants. This indicates that the shift of the intracellular trafficking route, as observed with our reporter glycoprotein, may be a common strategy in maize seed development.
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The Sos-recruitment system as a tool to analyze cellular localization of plant proteins: membrane localization of Arabidopsis thaliana PEPINO/PASTICCINO2. Mol Genet Genomics 2010; 283:439-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-010-0528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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12
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Bicudo RC, Bicudo TC, Forato LA, Titato GM, Colnago LA, Lanças FM. Identification of non-zein proteins in BR473 maize protein bodies by LC-nanoESI-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:3579-84. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Washida H, Sugino A, Kaneko S, Crofts N, Sakulsingharoj C, Kim D, Choi SB, Hamada S, Ogawa M, Wang C, Esen A, Higgins TJV, Okita TW. Identification of cis-localization elements of the maize 10-kDa delta-zein and their use in targeting RNAs to specific cortical endoplasmic reticulum subdomains. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 60:146-155. [PMID: 19508424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2009.03944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The RNAs for the storage proteins of rice (Oryza sativa), prolamines and glutelins, which are stored as inclusions in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and storage vacuoles, respectively, are targeted by specific cis-localization elements to distinct subdomains of the cortical ER. Glutelin RNA has one or more cis-localization elements (zip codes) at the 3' end of the RNA, whereas prolamine has two cis-elements; one located in the 5' end of the coding sequence and a second residing in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR). We had earlier demonstrated that the RNAs for the maize zeins ('prolamine' class) are localized to the spherical protein body ER (PB-ER) in developing maize endosperm. As the PB-ER localization of the 10-kDa delta-zein RNA is maintained in developing rice seeds, we determined the number and proximate location of their cis-localization elements by expressing GFP fusions containing various zein RNA sequences in transgenic rice and analyzing their spatial distribution on the cortical ER by in situ RT-PCR and confocal microscopy. Four putative cis-localization elements were identified; three in the coding sequences and one in the 3'-UTR. Two of these zip codes are required for restricted localization to the PB-ER. Using RNA targeting determinants we show, by mis-targeting the storage protein RNAs from their normal destination on the cortical ER, that the coded proteins are redirected from their normal site of deposition. Targeting of RNA to distinct cortical ER subdomains may be the underlying basis for the variable use of the ER lumen or storage vacuole as the final storage deposition site of storage proteins among flowering plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Washida
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
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Ahrens S, Venkatachalam M, Mistry AM, Lapsley K, Sathe SK. Almond (Prunus dulcis L.) protein quality. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2005; 60:123-8. [PMID: 16187015 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-005-6840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Three marketing varieties of almonds; Carmel, Mission, and Nonpareil; were analyzed for proximate composition and protein nutritive quality. Moisture, lipids, protein, ash, sugars, and tannins ranges were 3.05-4.33%, 43.37-47.50%, 20.68-23.30%, 3.74-4.56%, 5.35-7.45%, and 0.12-0.18%, respectively. No detectable hemagglutinating and trypsin inhibitory activities were present in Carmel, Mission, and Nonpareil almonds. Amino acid analyses indicated the sulfur amino acids (methionine + cysteine), lysine, and threonine to be the first, second, and third limiting amino acids in almonds when compared to the recommended amino acid pattern for children 2-5-year old. However, compared to the recommended amino acid pattern for adults, sulfur amino acids were the only limiting amino acids in almonds tested. True Protein Digestibility (% TPD) values for Carmel, Mission, and Nonpareil were 88.55 +/- 1.26, 92.25 +/- 1.05, and 82.62 +/- 1.47, respectively. Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Scoring (PDCAAS) values suggested almond proteins to be of poor nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Ahrens
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 32306-1493, USA
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16
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Washida H, Sugino A, Messing J, Esen A, Okita TW. Asymmetric localization of seed storage protein RNAs to distinct subdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum in developing maize endosperm cells. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 45:1830-7. [PMID: 15653801 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pch210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant storage proteins are synthesized and stored in different compartments of the plant endomembrane system. Developing maize seeds synthesize and accumulate prolamin (zein) and 11S globulin (legumin-1) type proteins, which are sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen and storage vacuoles, respectively. Immunofluorescence studies showed that the lumenal chaperone BiP was not randomly distributed within the ER in developing maize endosperm but concentrated within the zein-containing protein bodies. Analysis of the spatial distribution of RNAs in maize endosperm sections by in situ RT-PCR showed that, contrary to the conclusions made in an earlier study [Kim et al. (2002) Plant Cell 14: 655-672], the zein and legumin-1 RNAs are not symmetrically distributed on the ER but, instead, targeted to specific ER subdomains. RNAs coding for 22 kDa alpha-zein, 15 kDa beta-zein, 27 kDa gamma-zein and 10 kDa delta-zein were localized to ER-bounded zein protein bodies, whereas 51 kDa legumin-1 RNAs were distributed on adjacent cisternal ER proximal to the zein protein bodies. These results indicate that the maize storage protein RNAs are targeted to specific ER subdomains in developing maize endosperm and that RNA localization may be a prevalent mechanism to sort proteins within plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Washida
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
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Kuroda S, Hirose Y, Shiraishi M, Davies E, Abe S. Co-expression of an ethylene receptor gene, ERS1, and ethylene signaling regulator gene, CTR1, in Delphinium during abscission of florets. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2004. [PMID: 15474381 DOI: 10.1016/s0981-9428(03)00115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We are trying to determine the mechanisms responsible for ethylene-induced floret abscission in cut flowers of Delphinium and recently identified an ethylene receptor gene, ERS1, and studied its response to ethylene treatment. In order to identify additional components of the ethylene response network in Delphinium, we performed 3' and 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) using the consensus sequence of the serine/threonine kinase domain of the ethylene signaling regulator gene (CTR1) involved in the constitutive triple response (CTR) to ethylene. The full-length cDNA (2754 nt) encoded a protein of 800 amino acids, which contained the expected serine/threonine kinase domain, the consensus ATP-binding site, and the serine/threonine kinase catalytic site. The protein had quite high (>50%) overall identity to CTR1 from Arabidopsis and tomato, and 70-75% identity in the catalytic site. The amount of mRNA encoding both CTR1 and ERS1 more than doubled within 6 h in cut florets incubated in the presence of exogenous ethylene. Similarly, the amount of ERS1 transcript doubled in florets within 6 d of harvesting, presumably in response to endogenous ethylene, while CTR1 mRNA increased to about 40% over the same period. However, in the presence of silver thiosulfate (STS), an ethylene inhibitor, the level of both transcripts remained essentially unchanged for the first 8 d before declining to very low levels. Florets on the control plants had almost completely abscised by 6 d, but the florets on STS-treated plants had not abscised by 20 d, by which time the flowers were almost dead. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that endogenous ethylene evokes the accumulation of both these transcripts (and their encoded proteins), thereby speeding up abscission and reducing the useful shelf life of the cut flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kuroda
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biological Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama 7908566, Japan
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