1
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Marques G, Gutiérrez A, Barro F, Del Río JC, Rencoret J. Seasonal Variability of Lipophilic Compounds in Oat ( Avena sativa L.) Straw: A Comprehensive Chemical Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:19891-19903. [PMID: 39225266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Oat straw, a residue of Avena sativa L., is recognized for its abundance in cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. However, its potential as a source of lipophilic compounds within the framework of a biorefinery concept still remains unexplored. In this study, we conducted an extensive investigation into the content and chemical composition of the lipophilic compounds present in acetone extracts from oat straws of two distinct oat varieties, namely, Karen and Isaura. Furthermore, we examined their seasonal variability in content and composition in straw samples from oats planted in both spring and winter seasons. The extracted lipophilic compounds were predominantly composed of high molecular weight esters (26.0-38.1%), steroids (16.6-24.0%), n-fatty alcohols (10.9-20.7%), n-fatty acids (10.9-16.0%), and n-aldehydes (10.7-15.8%), with lower amounts of n-alkanes (1.1-3.0%), acylglycerides (2.3-3.8%), phytol and phytyl esters (0.6-2.9%), β-diketones (0.1-2.5%), triterpenoids (0.9-1.2%), tocopherols and tocopheryl esters (0.2-0.7%), 2-hydroxy fatty acids (0.1-0.2%), and n-alkylresorcinols (0.1%). Notably, these different classes of compounds exhibited variations in their contents depending on the oat variety and the specific planting season. Of particular interest was the Karen variety, which presented significant amounts of high molecular weight esters, free fatty acids, and acylglycerols, especially when it was cultivated during the winter season. These findings underline the potential of oat straw as a valuable resource for lipid extraction within a biorefinery context and emphasize the importance of selecting the appropriate variety and season for optimal lipid yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Marques
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Barro
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS-CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José C Del Río
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Jorge Rencoret
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Seville, Spain
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2
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Puganen A, Damerau A, Pöysä M, Lampi AM, Piironen V, Yang B, Linderborg KM. Lipid and volatile profiles of Finnish oat batches of pure cultivars: Effect of storage on the volatile formation. Food Chem 2024; 451:139448. [PMID: 38685179 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Recent data showing the compositional variation and storage behavior among different oat batches for the purpose of food remains limited. Lipids of twenty oat flour samples of pure cultivars grown in Finland during 2019 were extracted and fractionated into neutral and polar-rich lipids. Flour was stored for nine months, and profiles of volatiles and tocols were analyzed to reveal oxidative stability. The lipid content was 5.9-8.9 g per 100 g of flour [DW] and consisted of 78.7 ± 2.5 % neutral and 21.3 ± 2.5 % polar lipids. Palmitic (16 %), oleic (36 %), and linoleic (39 %) acids were the most abundant fatty acids. Neutral lipids had more oleic and less linoleic and palmitic acids than polar lipids. The fresh samples correlated with tocols, pentanal, 2-pentylfuran, 2-heptanone, nonanal, 2-butanone, and heptanal, while stored samples were associated with 3-octen-2-one, 2-octenal, hexanal, and octanal. Lipid composition and oxidative stability are essential factors for selecting oat batches for food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Puganen
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Annelie Damerau
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Marjo Pöysä
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Maija Lampi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vieno Piironen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa M Linderborg
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
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3
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Li N, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Yang Z, Jia Q, Feng B, Taylor DC, Du C, Zhang M. Lipidomics studies reveal dynamic changes in polar lipids of developing endosperm of oat and wheat varieties with differing oil contents. Food Chem 2024; 444:138597. [PMID: 38310783 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Polar lipids have biosynthetic pathways which intersect and overlap with triacylglycerol biosynthesis; however, polar lipids have not been well characterized in the developing endosperms of oat with high oil accumulation. The polar lipids in endosperms of oat and wheat varieties having different oil contents were analyzed and compared at different developmental stages. Our study shows that the relative contents of polar lipid by mass were decreased more slowly in wheat than in oat. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were the major phospholipids, which showed similar abundance and gradual decreases during endosperm development in oat and wheat, while lysophospholipids were noticeably higher in oat. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol showed a gradual increase in wheat and a decrease in oat during endosperm development. The relative contents of some polar lipid species and their unsaturation index were significantly different in their endosperms. These characteristics of polar lipids might indicate an adaption of oat to accommodate oil accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yi Huang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yingdong Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Zheng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Qingli Jia
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Baili Feng
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - David C Taylor
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Chang Du
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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4
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Lau WCD, Donnellan L, Briggs M, Rupasinghe T, Harris JC, Hayes JE, Hoffmann P. Sodium doping and trapped ion mobility spectrometry improve lipid detection for novel MALDI-MSI analysis of oats. Food Chem 2024; 433:137275. [PMID: 37660601 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Oat (Avena sativa L.) is an important cereal grain with a unique nutritional profile including a high proportion of lipids. Understanding lipid composition and distribution in oats is valuable for plant, food and nutritional research, and can be achieved using MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). However, this approach presents several challenges for sample preparation (hardness of grains) and analysis (isobaric and isomeric properties of lipids). Here, oat sections were successfully mounted onto gelatin-coated indium tin oxide slides with minimal tearing. Poor detection of triacylglycerols was resolved by applying sodium chloride during mounting, increasing signal intensity. In combination with trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS), lipid identification significantly improved, and we report the separation of several isobaric and isomeric lipids with visualisation of their "true" spatial distributions. This study describes a novel MALDI-TIMS-MSI analytical technique for oat lipids, which may be used to improve the discovery of biomarkers for grain quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai C D Lau
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Leigh Donnellan
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Matthew Briggs
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | | | - John C Harris
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Department of Primary Industries and Regions, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Julie E Hayes
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
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5
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Thiam EH, Dunn M, Jackson EW, Jellen EN, Nelson M, Rogers W, Wallace C, Ahlborn G, Mounir M, Yakovac T, Morris S, Benlhabib O. Quality Characteristics of Twelve Advanced Lines of Avena magna ssp. domestica Grown in Three Contrasting Locations in Morocco. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:294. [PMID: 38256847 PMCID: PMC10818295 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The popularity of oats (Avena sativa) continues to increase in the cereal market due to their health benefits. The recent domestication of Avena magna, a Moroccan oat, presents an opportunity to enhance these benefits due to their higher nutritional composition. As the impact of microclimates on A. magna grain composition has not been explored, this study evaluates twelve A. magna ssp. domestica lines across three Moroccan locations, providing new data into microclimate effects on key grain characteristics. Significant variability is observed among lines and sites for nutrients, with mean protein, fat, and dietary fiber contents at 23.1%, 8.38%, and 7.23%, respectively. High protein levels, reaching 27.1% in Alnif and 26.5% in El Kbab, surpass the 'Avery' control (21.7% and 24.2%) in these environments. Groats from Bouchane exhibited elevated fat and fiber contents (10.2% and 9.94%) compared to the control (8.83% and 7.36%). While β-glucan levels remain consistent at 2.53%, a negative correlation between protein content, fat, and starch was observed. A. magna lines exhibited higher levels of iron (7.50 × 10-3 g/100 g DM) and zinc (3.40 × 10-3 g/100 g DM) compared to other cereals. Environmental conditions significantly influence grain quality, with El Kbab yielding higher protein and ash contents, as well as Bouchane having increased fat, fiber, and starch. Stability analysis indicates that fat content was more influenced by the environment, while 25% of protein variability is influenced by genetics. Lines AT3, AT5, AT6, AT13, and AT15 consistently exceeds both the mean for protein and fiber across all sites, emphasizing their potential nutritional value. This study highlights the potential of A. magna ssp. domestica to address nutritional insecurity, particularly for protein, iron, and zinc in domestic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- El hadji Thiam
- Plant, Production, Protection and Biotechnology Department, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat 10000, Morocco;
| | - Michael Dunn
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.D.); (G.A.)
| | - Eric W. Jackson
- 25:2 Solutions LLC, 815 S First Ave Suite A, Pocatello, ID 83201, USA; (E.W.J.); (T.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Eric N. Jellen
- Plant and Wildlife Sciences Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Mark Nelson
- Resourced Inc., 304 East Main Street #148, Mahomet, IL 61853, USA; (M.N.); (W.R.)
| | - Will Rogers
- Resourced Inc., 304 East Main Street #148, Mahomet, IL 61853, USA; (M.N.); (W.R.)
| | - Carol Wallace
- Resourced Inc., 304 East Main Street #148, Mahomet, IL 61853, USA; (M.N.); (W.R.)
| | - Gene Ahlborn
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.D.); (G.A.)
| | - Majid Mounir
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat 10000, Morocco;
| | - Teresa Yakovac
- 25:2 Solutions LLC, 815 S First Ave Suite A, Pocatello, ID 83201, USA; (E.W.J.); (T.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Shane Morris
- 25:2 Solutions LLC, 815 S First Ave Suite A, Pocatello, ID 83201, USA; (E.W.J.); (T.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Ouafae Benlhabib
- Plant, Production, Protection and Biotechnology Department, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat 10000, Morocco;
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Alemayehu GF, Forsido SF, Tola YB, Amare E. Nutritional and Phytochemical Composition and Associated Health Benefits of Oat ( Avena sativa) Grains and Oat-Based Fermented Food Products. ScientificWorldJournal 2023; 2023:2730175. [PMID: 37492342 PMCID: PMC10365923 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2730175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oats (Avena sativa L.) are a popular functional cereal grain due to their numerous health benefits. This review article summarized the information on the chemical composition and phytonutrients of oats grown in different countries. It also reviewed recently developed fermented oat products to highlight their potential for human health. Oats have an interesting nutritional profile that includes high-quality protein, unsaturated fats, soluble fiber, polyphenolic compounds, and micronutrients. Oat grain has a unique protein composition, with globulins serving as the primary storage protein, in contrast to other cereals, where prolamins are the main storage proteins. Oats have the highest fat content of any cereal, with low saturated fatty acids and high essential unsaturated fatty acid content, which can help reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Oats are a good source of soluble dietary fiber, particularly β-glucan, which has outstanding functional properties and is extremely important in human nutrition. β-Glucan has been shown to lower blood cholesterol and glucose absorption in the intestine, thereby preventing diseases such as cardiovascular injury, dyslipidemia, hypertension, inflammatory state, and type 2 diabetes. Oats also contain high concentration of antioxidant compounds. Avenanthramides, which are unique to oats, are powerful antioxidants with high antioxidative activity in humans. Recognizing the nutritional benefits of oats, oat-based fermented food products are gaining popularity as functional foods with high probiotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yetenayet B. Tola
- Department of Post-Harvest Management, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Endale Amare
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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7
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Schneider S, Hammann S, Hayen H. Determination of Polar Lipids in Wheat and Oat by a Complementary Approach of Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography and Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Hyphenated with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37433133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Cereals contain lipids that fulfill important physiological roles and are associated with stress in the plant. However, many of the specific biological roles of lipids are yet unknown. Comprehensive analysis of these polar lipid categories in whole grain wheat and oat, cereals highly relevant also in nutrition, was performed. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization in both positive and negative ionization mode was used. Exploiting the different separation mechanisms, HILIC was used as a screening method for straightforward lipid class assignment and enabled differentiation of isomeric lipid classes, like phosphatidylethanolamine and lyso-N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine, while RP-HPLC facilitated separation of constitutional isomers. In combination with data-dependent MS/MS experiments, 67 lipid species belonging to nine polar lipid classes could be identified. Furthermore, with both ionization modes, fatty acyl chains directly connected to the lipid headgroups could be assigned. This work focused on the four lipid classes N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines, acyl-monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, digalactosyldiacylglycerols, and monogalactosyldiacylglycerols as they were less studied in detail in the past. Applying the complementary approach, the relative lipid species compositions in these lipid classes was investigated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Schneider
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Simon Hammann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
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8
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Lipid content and fatty acid profile of various European and Canadian hulled and naked oat genotypes. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Chen G, Harwood JL, Lemieux MJ, Stone SJ, Weselake RJ. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase: Properties, physiological roles, metabolic engineering and intentional control. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 88:101181. [PMID: 35820474 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) catalyzes the last reaction in the acyl-CoA-dependent biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). DGAT activity resides mainly in membrane-bound DGAT1 and DGAT2 in eukaryotes and bifunctional wax ester synthase-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WSD) in bacteria, which are all membrane-bound proteins but exhibit no sequence homology to each other. Recent studies also identified other DGAT enzymes such as the soluble DGAT3 and diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT), as well as enzymes with DGAT activities including defective in cuticular ridges (DCR) and steryl and phytyl ester synthases (PESs). This review comprehensively discusses research advances on DGATs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with a focus on their biochemical properties, physiological roles, and biotechnological and therapeutic applications. The review begins with a discussion of DGAT assay methods, followed by a systematic discussion of TAG biosynthesis and the properties and physiological role of DGATs. Thereafter, the review discusses the three-dimensional structure and insights into mechanism of action of human DGAT1, and the modeled DGAT1 from Brassica napus. The review then examines metabolic engineering strategies involving manipulation of DGAT, followed by a discussion of its therapeutic applications. DGAT in relation to improvement of livestock traits is also discussed along with DGATs in various other eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Scot J Stone
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada
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Characterisation of Grains and Flour Fractions from Field Grown Transgenic Oil-Accumulating Wheat Expressing Oat WRI1. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070889. [PMID: 35406869 PMCID: PMC9002947 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major staple crops in the world and is used to prepare a range of foods. The development of new varieties with wider variation in grain composition could broaden their use. We characterized grains and flours from oil-accumulating transgenic wheat expressing the oat (Avena sativa L.) endosperm WRINKLED1 (AsWRI1) grown under field conditions. Lipid and starch accumulation was determined in developing caryopses of AsWRI1-wheat and X-ray microtomography was used to study grain morphology. The developing caryopses of AsWRI1-wheat grains had increased triacylglycerol content and decreased starch content compared to the control. Mature AsWRI1-wheat grains also had reduced weight, were wrinkled and had a shrunken endosperm and X-ray tomography revealed that the proportion of endosperm was decreased while that of the aleurone was increased. Grains were milled to produce two white flours and one bran fraction. Mineral and lipid analyses showed that the flour fractions from the AsWRI1-wheat were contaminated with bran, due to the effects of the changed morphology on milling. This study gives a detailed analysis of grains from field grown transgenic wheat that expresses a gene that plays a central regulatory role in carbon allocation and significantly affects grain composition.
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11
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Perera SP, Konieczny D, Ding K, Hucl P, L'Hocine L, Nickerson MT. Techno‐functional and nutritional properties of full‐bran and low‐bran canaryseed flour, and the effect of solvent‐de‐oiling on the proteins of low‐bran flour and isolates. Cereal Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suneru P. Perera
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
- Keyleaf Life‐Sciences Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Dellaney Konieczny
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Ke Ding
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Pierre Hucl
- Crop Development Centre University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Lamia L'Hocine
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Saint‐Hyacinthe Quebec Canada
| | - Michael T. Nickerson
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
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Grimberg Å, Saripella GV, Repo-Carrasco Valencia RAM, Bengtsson T, Alandia G, Carlsson AS. Transcriptional Regulation of Quinoa Seed Quality: Identification of Novel Candidate Genetic Markers for Increased Protein Content. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:816425. [PMID: 35720573 PMCID: PMC9201758 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.816425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a crop that has great potential for increased cultivation in diverse climate regions. The seed protein quality obtained from this crop is high concerning the requirements to meet human nutritional needs, but the seed protein content is relatively low if compared to crops such as grain legumes. Increased seed protein content is desirable for increasing the economic viability of this crop in order for it to be used as a protein crop. In this study, we characterized three genotypes of quinoa with different levels of seed protein content. By performing RNA sequencing of developing seeds, we determined the genotype differences in gene expression and identified genetic polymorphisms that could be associated with increased protein content. Storage nutrient analyses of seeds of three quinoa genotypes (Titicaca, Pasankalla, and Regalona) from different ecoregions grown under controlled climate conditions showed that Pasankalla had the highest protein content (20%) and the lowest starch content (46%). Our seed transcriptome analyses revealed highly differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in Pasankalla as compared to the other genotypes. These DETs encoded functions in sugar transport, starch and protein synthesis, genes regulating embryo size, and seed transcription factors. We selected 60 genes that encode functions in the central carbon metabolism and transcription factors as potential targets for the development of high-precision markers. Genetic polymorphisms, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and base insertions and deletions (InDels), were found in 19 of the 60 selected genes, which can be further evaluated for the development of genetic markers for high seed protein content in quinoa. Increased cultivation of quinoa can contribute to a more diversified agriculture and support the plant protein diet shift. The identification of quinoa genotypes with contrasting seed quality can help establish a model system that can be used for the identification of precise breeding targets to improve the seed quality of quinoa. The data presented in this study based on nutrient and transcriptome analyses contribute to an enhanced understanding of the genetic regulation of seed quality traits in quinoa and suggest high-precision candidate markers for such traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Grimberg
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Åsa Grimberg,
| | | | | | - Therése Bengtsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Alandia
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders S. Carlsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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Larkin P, Zhou X, Liu Q, Reynolds K, Vanhercke T, Ral J, Li Z, Wu X, Yu R, Luo J, Newberry M, Howitt C. A transcriptional journey from sucrose to endosperm oil bodies in triple transgene oily wheat grain. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Cereals constitute a major source of human and animal nutrition. In spite of the extensive production of numerous cereal species, some information is unavailable in terms of lipid composition. Due to the oil increasing demand by the overgrowth of the world population, oleaginous species have encountered problems in recent years. In order to find new sources of edible oil, the aim of this study was to describe the importance of seventeen varieties oil of seven cereal species. Oils were extracted by the Soxhlet method, and fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography. The present study demonstrated that the lipid content of cereal seeds ranged from 1.42% to 5.97%. In average, oat, millet, and maize had significantly higher lipid content, respectively, 5.97%, 5.06%, and 4.71%. The main fatty acid recorded in the studied cereal species, except oat, was linoleic acid C18 : 2 (ω6). Regarding the essential fatty acids linoleic acid C18 : 2 and linolenic acid C18 : 3 (ω3), the oil of all studied species, except oat, was rich in ω6 fatty acids (47.50 to 60.13%) and poor in ω3 (0.45% to 5.33%). The content of unsaturated fatty acids in all studied species ranged from 77.22 to 81.89%. Cereal oil was considered as highly unsaturated oil with the presence of the essential fatty acids necessary for human health. Therefore, cereal oils could be commercialized in small quantities in pharmacies or parapharmacies.
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15
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Slama A, Cherif A, Boukhchina S. Importance of New Edible Oil Extracted from Seeds of Seven Cereals Species. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: doi.org/10.1155/2021/5531414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereals constitute a major source of human and animal nutrition. In spite of the extensive production of numerous cereal species, some information is unavailable in terms of lipid composition. Due to the oil increasing demand by the overgrowth of the world population, oleaginous species have encountered problems in recent years. In order to find new sources of edible oil, the aim of this study was to describe the importance of seventeen varieties oil of seven cereal species. Oils were extracted by the Soxhlet method, and fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography. The present study demonstrated that the lipid content of cereal seeds ranged from 1.42% to 5.97%. In average, oat, millet, and maize had significantly higher lipid content, respectively, 5.97%, 5.06%, and 4.71%. The main fatty acid recorded in the studied cereal species, except oat, was linoleic acid C18 : 2 (ω6). Regarding the essential fatty acids linoleic acid C18 : 2 and linolenic acid C18 : 3 (ω3), the oil of all studied species, except oat, was rich in ω6 fatty acids (47.50 to 60.13%) and poor in ω3 (0.45% to 5.33%). The content of unsaturated fatty acids in all studied species ranged from 77.22 to 81.89%. Cereal oil was considered as highly unsaturated oil with the presence of the essential fatty acids necessary for human health. Therefore, cereal oils could be commercialized in small quantities in pharmacies or parapharmacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amor Slama
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, LR18ES03,Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Biomolecules Valorisation, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Jarzouna-Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Ammar Cherif
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, LR18ES03,Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Biomolecules Valorisation, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
- Department of Science Laboratories, College of Sciences and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadok Boukhchina
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, LR18ES03,Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Biomolecules Valorisation, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
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16
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Kouřimská L, Pokhrel K, Božik M, Tilami SK, Horčička P. Fat content and fatty acid profiles of recently registered varieties of naked and hulled oats with and without husks. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Capouchová I, Kouřimská L, Pazderů K, Škvorová P, Božik M, Konvalina P, Dvořák P, Dvořáček V. Fatty acid profile of new oat cultivars grown via organic and conventional farming. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Miray R, Kazaz S, To A, Baud S. Molecular Control of Oil Metabolism in the Endosperm of Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1621. [PMID: 33562710 PMCID: PMC7915183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In angiosperm seeds, the endosperm develops to varying degrees and accumulates different types of storage compounds remobilized by the seedling during early post-germinative growth. Whereas the molecular mechanisms controlling the metabolism of starch and seed-storage proteins in the endosperm of cereal grains are relatively well characterized, the regulation of oil metabolism in the endosperm of developing and germinating oilseeds has received particular attention only more recently, thanks to the emergence and continuous improvement of analytical techniques allowing the evaluation, within a spatial context, of gene activity on one side, and lipid metabolism on the other side. These studies represent a fundamental step toward the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms governing oil metabolism in this particular tissue. In particular, they highlight the importance of endosperm-specific transcriptional controls for determining original oil compositions usually observed in this tissue. In the light of this research, the biological functions of oils stored in the endosperm of seeds then appear to be more diverse than simply constituting a source of carbon made available for the germinating seedling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sébastien Baud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (R.M.); (S.K.); (A.T.)
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19
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Perera SP, Hucl P, L'Hocine L, Nickerson MT. Microstructure and distribution of oil, protein, and starch in different compartments of canaryseed (
Phalaris canariensis
L.). Cereal Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suneru P. Perera
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
- Keyleaf Life Sciences Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Pierre Hucl
- Crop Development Centre University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Lamia L'Hocine
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Saint‐Hyacinthe QC Canada
| | - Michael T. Nickerson
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
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20
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Raguindin PF, Adam Itodo O, Stoyanov J, Dejanovic GM, Gamba M, Asllanaj E, Minder B, Bussler W, Metzger B, Muka T, Glisic M, Kern H. A systematic review of phytochemicals in oat and buckwheat. Food Chem 2020; 338:127982. [PMID: 32950005 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of oat and buckwheat have been associated with various health benefits that may be attributed to their nutritional composition. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the profile and quantity of bioactive compounds present in oat and buckwheat. Among 154 studies included in final analysis, 113 and 178 bioactive compounds were reported in oat and buckwheat, respectively. Total phytosterols, tocols, flavonoids and rutin content were generally higher in buckwheat, β-glucans were significantly higher in oat, while avenanthramides and saponins were characteristically present in oat. The majority of studies included in current review were published before 2010s. The heterogeneous methodological procedures used across the studies precluded our possibility to meta-analyse the evidence and raises the need for harmonization of separation and extraction methods in future studies. Our findings should further stimulate the exploration of metabolites related to identified phytochemicals and their roles in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Francis Raguindin
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Oche Adam Itodo
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Gordana M Dejanovic
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Hajduk Veljkova 1-3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Magda Gamba
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eralda Asllanaj
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Beatrice Minder
- Public Health & Primary Care Library, University Library of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Weston Bussler
- Standard Process Nutrition Innovation Center, Kannapolis, NC 28018, USA
| | - Brandon Metzger
- Standard Process Nutrition Innovation Center, Kannapolis, NC 28018, USA
| | - Taulant Muka
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marija Glisic
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.
| | - Hua Kern
- Standard Process Nutrition Innovation Center, Kannapolis, NC 28018, USA
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21
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Ortiz R, Geleta M, Gustafsson C, Lager I, Hofvander P, Löfstedt C, Cahoon EB, Minina E, Bozhkov P, Stymne S. Oil crops for the future. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 56:181-189. [PMID: 31982290 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture faces enormous challenges including the need to substantially increase productivity, reduce environmental footprint, and deliver renewable alternatives that are being addressed by developing new oil crops for the future. The efforts include domestication of Lepidium spp. using genomics-aided breeding as a cold hardy perennial high-yielding oil crop that provides substantial environmental benefits, expands the geography for oil crops, and improves farmers' economy. In addition, genetic engineering in Crambe abyssinica may lead to a dedicated industrial oil crop to replace fossil oil. Redirection of photosynthates from starch to oil in plant tubers and cereal endosperm also provides a path for enhancing oil production to meet the growing demands for food, fuel, and biomaterials. Insect pheromone components are produced in seed oil plants in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly pest management replacing synthetically produced pheromones. Autophagy is explored for increasing crop fitness and oil accumulation using genetic engineering in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodomiro Ortiz
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Plant Breeding, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Mulatu Geleta
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Plant Breeding, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Gustafsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Plant Breeding, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Ida Lager
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Plant Breeding, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Per Hofvander
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Plant Breeding, Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | | | - Elena Minina
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Bozhkov
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sten Stymne
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Plant Breeding, Alnarp, Sweden
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22
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Grimberg Å, Wilkinson M, Snell P, De Vos RP, González-Thuillier I, Tawfike A, Ward JL, Carlsson AS, Shewry P, Hofvander P. Transitions in wheat endosperm metabolism upon transcriptional induction of oil accumulation by oat endosperm WRINKLED1. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:235. [PMID: 32450804 PMCID: PMC7249431 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cereal grains, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), are major sources of food and feed, with wheat being dominant in temperate zones. These end uses exploit the storage reserves in the starchy endosperm of the grain, with starch being the major storage component in most cereal species. However, oats (Avena sativa L.) differs in that the starchy endosperm stores significant amounts of oil. Understanding the control of carbon allocation between groups of storage compounds, such as starch and oil, is therefore important for understanding the composition and hence end use quality of cereals. WRINKLED1 is a transcription factor known to induce triacylglycerol (TAG; oil) accumulation in several plant storage tissues. RESULTS An oat endosperm homolog of WRI1 (AsWRI1) expressed from the endosperm-specific HMW1Dx5 promoter resulted in drastic changes in carbon allocation in wheat grains, with reduced seed weight and a wrinkled seed phenotype. The starch content of mature grain endosperms of AsWRI1-wheat was reduced compared to controls (from 62 to 22% by dry weight (dw)), TAG was increased by up to nine-fold (from 0.7 to 6.4% oil by dw) and sucrose from 1.5 to 10% by dw. Expression of AsWRI1 in wheat grains also resulted in multiple layers of elongated peripheral aleurone cells. RNA-sequencing, lipid analyses, and pulse-chase experiments using 14C-sucrose indicated that futile cycling of fatty acids could be a limitation for oil accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that expression of oat endosperm WRI1 in the wheat endosperm results in changes in metabolism which could underpin the application of biotechnology to manipulate grain composition. In particular, the striking effect on starch synthesis in the wheat endosperm indicates that an important indirect role of WRI1 is to divert carbon allocation away from starch biosynthesis in plant storage tissues that accumulate oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Grimberg
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Per Snell
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden
- Current address: MariboHilleshög Research AB, Box 302, 261 23, Landskrona, Sweden
| | - Rebecca P De Vos
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | - Ahmed Tawfike
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Jane L Ward
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Anders S Carlsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Peter Shewry
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Per Hofvander
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden
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23
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Hu H, Gutierrez‐Gonzalez JJ, Liu X, Yeats TH, Garvin DF, Hoekenga OA, Sorrells ME, Gore MA, Jannink J. Heritable temporal gene expression patterns correlate with metabolomic seed content in developing hexaploid oat seed. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1211-1222. [PMID: 31677224 PMCID: PMC7152608 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Oat ranks sixth in world cereal production and has a higher content of health-promoting compounds compared with other cereals. However, there is neither a robust oat reference genome nor transcriptome. Using deeply sequenced full-length mRNA libraries of oat cultivar Ogle-C, a de novo high-quality and comprehensive oat seed transcriptome was assembled. With this reference transcriptome and QuantSeq 3' mRNA sequencing, gene expression was quantified during seed development from 22 diverse lines across six time points. Transcript expression showed higher correlations between adjacent time points. Based on differentially expressed genes, we identified 22 major temporal co-expression (TCoE) patterns of gene expression and revealed enriched gene ontology biological processes. Within each TCoE set, highly correlated transcripts, putatively commonly affected by genetic background, were clustered and termed genetic co-expression (GCoE) sets. Seventeen of the 22 TCoE sets had GCoE sets with median heritabilities higher than 0.50, and these heritability estimates were much higher than that estimated from permutation analysis, with no divergence observed in cluster sizes between permutation and non-permutation analyses. Linear regression between 634 metabolites from mature seeds and the PC1 score of each of the GCoE sets showed significantly lower p-values than permutation analysis. Temporal expression patterns of oat avenanthramides and lipid biosynthetic genes were concordant with previous studies of avenanthramide biosynthetic enzyme activity and lipid accumulation. This study expands our understanding of physiological processes that occur during oat seed maturation and provides plant breeders the means to change oat seed composition through targeted manipulation of key pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiao Hu
- Plant Breeding and Genetics SectionSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | | | - Xinfang Liu
- Corn Research InstituteLiaoning Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenyangChina
| | - Trevor H. Yeats
- Plant Breeding and Genetics SectionSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | | | | | - Mark E. Sorrells
- Plant Breeding and Genetics SectionSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Michael A. Gore
- Plant Breeding and Genetics SectionSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Jean‐Luc Jannink
- Plant Breeding and Genetics SectionSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- USDA‐ARSRobert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and HealthIthacaNYUSA
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24
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Rico CM, Abolade OM, Wagner D, Lottes B, Rodriguez J, Biagioni R, Andersen CP. Wheat exposure to cerium oxide nanoparticles over three generations reveals transmissible changes in nutrition, biochemical pools, and response to soil N. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121364. [PMID: 31607583 PMCID: PMC7083067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of third generation exposure to cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) on biomass, elemental and 15N uptake, and fatty acid contents of wheat (Triticum aestivum). At low or high nitrogen treatment (48 or 112 mg N), seeds exposed for two generations to 0 or 500 mg CeO2-NPs per kg soil treatment were cultivated for third year in soil amended with 0 or 500 mg CeO2-NPs per kg soil. The results showed that parental and current exposures to CeO2-NPs increased the root biomass in daughter plants with greater magnitude of increase at low N than high N. When wheat received CeO2-NPs in year 3, root elemental contents increased primarily at low N, suggesting an important role of soil N availability in altering root nutrient acquisition. The δ15N ratios, previously shown to be altered by CeO2-NPs, were only affected by current and not parental exposure, indicating effects on N uptake and/or metabolism are not transferred from one generation to the next. Seed fatty acid composition was also influenced both by prior and current exposure to CeO2-NPs. The results suggest that risk assessments of NP exposure may need to include longer-term, transgenerational effects on growth and grain quality of agronomic crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyren M Rico
- Missouri State University, Department of Chemistry, 901 S National Ave., Springfield, MO 65897, USA.
| | - Oluwasegun M Abolade
- Missouri State University, Department of Chemistry, 901 S National Ave., Springfield, MO 65897, USA
| | - Dane Wagner
- Missouri State University, Department of Chemistry, 901 S National Ave., Springfield, MO 65897, USA
| | - Brett Lottes
- Missouri State University, Department of Chemistry, 901 S National Ave., Springfield, MO 65897, USA
| | - Justin Rodriguez
- Central Washington University, Department of Chemistry, 400 E. University Way, Ellensburg, WA 98926, USA
| | - Richard Biagioni
- Missouri State University, Department of Chemistry, 901 S National Ave., Springfield, MO 65897, USA
| | - Christian P Andersen
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
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25
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Yang Z, Wang K, Aziz U, Zhao C, Zhang M. Evaluation of duplicated reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis in genome unknown hexaploid oat ( Avena sativa L.). PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:138. [PMID: 33072174 PMCID: PMC7560290 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oat (Avena sativa L.), a hexaploid crop with unknown genome, has valuable nutritional, medicinal and pharmaceutical uses. However, no suitable RGs (reference genes) for qPCR (quantitative real-time PCR) has been documented for oat yet. Single-copy gene is often selected as RG, which is challengeable or impactable in unexplored polyploids. RESULTS In this study, eleven candidate RGs, including four duplicated genes, were selected from oat transcriptome. The stability and the optimal combination of these candidate RGs were assessed in 18 oat samples by using four statistical algorithms including the ΔCt method, geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper. The most stable RGs for "all samples", "shoots and roots of seedlings", "developing seeds" and "developing endosperms" were EIF4A (Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-3), UBC21 (Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme 21), EP (Expressed protein) and EIF4A respectively. Among these RGs, UBC21 was a four-copy duplicated gene. The reliability was validated by the expression patterns of four various genes normalized to the most and the least stable RGs in different sample sets. CONCLUSIONS Results provide a proof of concept that the duplicated RG is feasible for qPCR in polyploids. To our knowledge, this study is the first systematic research on the optimal RGs for accurate qPCR normalization of gene expression in different organs and tissues of oat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Usman Aziz
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Cuizhu Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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26
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Fant P, Ramin M, Jaakkola S, Grimberg Å, Carlsson AS, Huhtanen P. Effects of different barley and oat varieties on methane production, digestibility, and fermentation pattern in vitro. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:1404-1415. [PMID: 31785868 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this in vitro study was to determine the effects of different barley and oat varieties on CH4 production, digestibility, and rumen fermentation patterns in dairy cows. Our hypothesis was that oat-based diets would decrease CH4 production compared with barley-based diets, and that CH4 production would differ between varieties within grain species. To evaluate this hypothesis, we conducted an in vitro experiment using a fully automated gas production technique, in which the total gas volume was automatically recorded by the system. The experiment consisted of triplicate 48-h incubations with 16 treatments, including 8 different varieties of each grain. The grain varieties were investigated as a mix with an early-cut grass silage (1:1 ratio of grain to silage on a dry matter basis) and mixed with buffered rumen fluid. We estimated predicted in vivo total gas production and CH4 production by applying a set of models to the gas production data obtained by the in vitro system. We also evaluated in vitro digestibility and fermentation characteristics. The variety of grain species did not affect total gas production, CH4 production, or fermentation patterns in vitro. However, in vitro-determined digestibility and pH were affected by variety of grain species. Grain species affected total gas and CH4 production: compared with barley-based diets, oat-based diets decreased total gas production and CH4 production by 8.2 and 8.9%, respectively, relative to dry matter intake. Grain species did not affect CH4 production relative to in vitro true dry matter digestibility. Oat-based diets decreased digestibility and total volatile fatty acid production, and maintained a higher pH at 48 h of incubation compared with barley-based diets. Grain species did not affect fermentation patterns, except for decreased molar proportions of valerate with oat-based diets. These results suggest that replacing barley with oats in dairy cow diets could decrease enteric CH4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fant
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Ramin
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - S Jaakkola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 28, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Å Grimberg
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 101, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - A S Carlsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 101, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - P Huhtanen
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
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27
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Yang Z, Liu X, Li N, Du C, Wang K, Zhao C, Wang Z, Hu Y, Zhang M. WRINKLED1 homologs highly and functionally express in oil-rich endosperms of oat and castor. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 287:110193. [PMID: 31481195 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Oat (Avena sativa) and castor (Ricinus communis) accumulate a large amount of lipids in their endosperms, however the molecular mechanism remains unknown. In this study, differences in oil regulators between oat and wheat (Triticum aestivum) as well as common features between oat and castor were tested by analyzing their transcriptomes with further q-PCR analysis. Results indicated that WRINKLED1 (WRI1) homologs and their target genes highly expressed in the endosperms of oat and castor, but not in the starchy endosperms of wheat. Expression pattern of WRI1s was in agreement with that of oil accumulation. Three AsWRI1s (AsWRI1a, AsWRI1b and AsWRI1c) and one RcWRI1 were identified in the endosperms of oat and castor, respectively. AsWRI1c lacks VYL motif, which is different from the other three WRI1s. Expressions of these four WRI1s all complemented the phenotypes of Arabidopsis wri1-1 mutant. Overexpression of these WRI1s in Arabidopsis and tobacco BY2 cells increased oil contents of seeds and total fatty acids of the cells, respectively. Moreover, this overexpression also resulted in up-regulations of WRI1 target genes, such as PKp-β1. Taken together, our results suggest that high and functional expression of WRI1 play a key role in the oil-rich endosperms and the VYL motif is dispensable for WRI1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xiangling Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Na Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Chang Du
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Cuizhu Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Yingang Hu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Carlson MO, Montilla-Bascon G, Hoekenga OA, Tinker NA, Poland J, Baseggio M, Sorrells ME, Jannink JL, Gore MA, Yeats TH. Multivariate Genome-Wide Association Analyses Reveal the Genetic Basis of Seed Fatty Acid Composition in Oat ( Avena sativa L.). G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:2963-2975. [PMID: 31296616 PMCID: PMC6723141 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oat (Avena sativa L.) has a high concentration of oils, comprised primarily of healthful unsaturated oleic and linoleic fatty acids. To accelerate oat plant breeding efforts, we sought to identify loci associated with variation in fatty acid composition, defined as the types and quantities of fatty acids. We genotyped a panel of 500 oat cultivars with genotyping-by-sequencing and measured the concentrations of ten fatty acids in these oat cultivars grown in two environments. Measurements of individual fatty acids were highly correlated across samples, consistent with fatty acids participating in shared biosynthetic pathways. We leveraged these phenotypic correlations in two multivariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches. In the first analysis, we fitted a multivariate linear mixed model for all ten fatty acids simultaneously while accounting for population structure and relatedness among cultivars. In the second, we performed a univariate association test for each principal component (PC) derived from a singular value decomposition of the phenotypic data matrix. To aid interpretation of results from the multivariate analyses, we also conducted univariate association tests for each trait. The multivariate mixed model approach yielded 148 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at a 10% false-discovery rate, compared to 129 and 73 significant SNPs in the PC and univariate analyses, respectively. Thus, explicit modeling of the correlation structure between fatty acids in a multivariate framework enabled identification of loci associated with variation in seed fatty acid concentration that were not detected in the univariate analyses. Ultimately, a detailed characterization of the loci underlying fatty acid variation can be used to enhance the nutritional profile of oats through breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryn O Carlson
- Plant Breeding & Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | | | | | - Nicholas A Tinker
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jesse Poland
- Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, and
| | - Matheus Baseggio
- Plant Breeding & Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Mark E Sorrells
- Plant Breeding & Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Jean-Luc Jannink
- Plant Breeding & Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- R.W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Michael A Gore
- Plant Breeding & Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Trevor H Yeats
- Plant Breeding & Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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Hozzein WN, Abuelsoud W, Wadaan MAM, Shuikan AM, Selim S, Al Jaouni S, AbdElgawad H. Exploring the potential of actinomycetes in improving soil fertility and grain quality of economically important cereals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:2787-2798. [PMID: 30463132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The search for environment-friendly, economical and healthy alternatives to agrochemicals tempted us to evaluate the potential of naturally occurring actinomycetes to improve soil properties, plant growth and photosynthesis, grain yield and chemical composition of economically important cereals (wheat, barley, oat, maize and sorghum). To this end, actinomycetes were isolated from soils of local cereals fields, then their biological activities, namely antibacterial, antiprotozoal, antioxidant, and phenolic and flavonoid contents were evaluated. The four most active isolates (9, 16, 24 and 26) were selected and used for enriching the soils until seed set. Each isolate was separately applied. Seeds of the selected cereals were grown in the actinomycete-enriched soils. The soils were analyzed for their electrical conductivity, pH values, total phenolics, organic matter and mineral content. At the vegetative stage, chlorophyll content and gas exchange rates were measured. Mature seeds were then harvested, the yield was evaluated and the seeds were analyzed for their primary and secondary metabolites. The selected isolates improved the grain yield in all tested cereals and most noticeably in barley and maize as compared to control counterparts. These positive effects were probably a result of increased carbon gain due to higher chlorophyll and photosynthetic rate. Isolate 26 showed the highest effect on grains composition profiles followed by the isolate 16. Phenolics and sugars of all grains increased by treatment with the tested isolates. Isolate 26 was the most effective in this regard. All isolates generally improved vitamins, amino acids and organic acids contents in grains. However, fatty acids profile showed a decrease in the content of all measured fatty acids by isolate 26 and an increase in the contents by isolate 16. These results emphasize the potential of actinomycete enrichment as an alternative to agrochemicals and strongly suggest that they can be used in organic farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael N Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Walid Abuelsoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A M Wadaan
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Shuikan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11454, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, P.O. 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Soad Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology, Youssef Abdulatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application (YAJCPMA), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; Laboratory Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Krasilnikov VN, Batalova GA, Popov VS, Sergeyeva SS. Fatty Acid Composition of Lipids in Naked Oat Grain of Domestic Varieties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3103/s1068367418050117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kouřimská L, Sabolová M, Horčička P, Rys S, Božik M. Lipid content, fatty acid profile, and nutritional value of new oat cultivars. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Tessema EN, Gebre-Mariam T, Lange S, Dobner B, Neubert RH. Potential application of oat-derived ceramides in improving skin barrier function: Part 1. Isolation and structural characterization. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1065-1066:87-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Sunilkumar BA, Leonova S, Öste R, Olsson O. Identification and characterization of high protein oat lines from a mutagenized oat population. J Cereal Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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34
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Vanhercke T, Divi UK, El Tahchy A, Liu Q, Mitchell M, Taylor MC, Eastmond PJ, Bryant F, Mechanicos A, Blundell C, Zhi Y, Belide S, Shrestha P, Zhou XR, Ral JP, White RG, Green A, Singh SP, Petrie JR. Step changes in leaf oil accumulation via iterative metabolic engineering. Metab Eng 2017; 39:237-246. [PMID: 27993560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and accumulation of plant oils in the entire vegetative biomass offers the potential to deliver yields surpassing those of oilseed crops. However, current levels still fall well short of those typically found in oilseeds. Here we show how transcriptome and biochemical analyses pointed to a futile cycle in a previously established Nicotiana tabacum line, accumulating up to 15% (dry weight) of the storage lipid triacylglycerol in leaf tissue. To overcome this metabolic bottleneck, we either silenced the SDP1 lipase or overexpressed the Arabidopsis thaliana LEC2 transcription factor in this transgenic background. Both strategies independently resulted in the accumulation of 30-33% triacylglycerol in leaf tissues. Our results demonstrate that the combined optimization of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis, storage lipid assembly and lipid turnover in leaf tissue results in a major overhaul of the plant central carbon allocation and lipid metabolism. The resulting further step changes in oil accumulation in the entire plant biomass offers the possibility of delivering yields that outperform current oilseed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vanhercke
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Uday K Divi
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anna El Tahchy
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Qing Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Madeline Mitchell
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Matthew C Taylor
- CSIRO Land and Water, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Peter J Eastmond
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdomna Scholarship Council (CSC
| | - Fiona Bryant
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdomna Scholarship Council (CSC
| | - Anna Mechanicos
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Cheryl Blundell
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yao Zhi
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Srinivas Belide
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Pushkar Shrestha
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xue-Rong Zhou
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jean-Philippe Ral
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Rosemary G White
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Allan Green
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Surinder P Singh
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - James R Petrie
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Zhen S, Dong K, Deng X, Zhou J, Xu X, Han C, Zhang W, Xu Y, Wang Z, Yan Y. Dynamic metabolome profiling reveals significant metabolic changes during grain development of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:3731-3740. [PMID: 26676564 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolites in wheat grains greatly influence nutritional values. Wheat provides proteins, minerals, B-group vitamins and dietary fiber to humans. These metabolites are important to human health. However, the metabolome of the grain during the development of bread wheat has not been studied so far. In this work the first dynamic metabolome of the developing grain of the elite Chinese bread wheat cultivar Zhongmai 175 was analyzed, using non-targeted gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for metabolite profiling. RESULTS In total, 74 metabolites were identified over the grain developmental stages. Metabolite-metabolite correlation analysis revealed that the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, amines and lipids was interrelated. An integrated metabolic map revealed a distinct regulatory profile. The results provide information that can be used by metabolic engineers and molecular breeders to improve wheat grain quality. CONCLUSION The present metabolome approach identified dynamic changes in metabolite levels, and correlations among such levels, in developing seeds. The comprehensive metabolic map may be useful when breeding programs seek to improve grain quality. The work highlights the utility of GC/MS-based metabolomics, in conjunction with univariate and multivariate data analysis, when it is sought to understand metabolic changes in developing seeds. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoumin Zhen
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Dong
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Deng
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhou
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexin Xu
- College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Han
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry (HCICGI), Yangtze University, 434025, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yanhao Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry (HCICGI), Yangtze University, 434025, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Yueming Yan
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry (HCICGI), Yangtze University, 434025, Jingzhou, China
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Chon SH, Tannahill R, Yao X, Southall MD, Pappas A. Keratinocyte differentiation and upregulation of ceramide synthesis induced by an oat lipid extract via the activation of PPAR pathways. Exp Dermatol 2016; 24:290-5. [PMID: 25651930 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) has been shown to have an important role in skin barrier function by regulating differentiation and lipid synthesis in keratinocytes. Oat (Avena sativa) has long been used as a soothing agent to relieve skin irritations, and the clinical benefits of topical oat formulations have been proven; however, the mechanistic understanding of oat's mode of action remains unknown. We investigated whether an oat lipid extract could activate PPARs and subsequently increase epidermal lipid synthesis and differentiation markers. Primary human epidermal keratinocytes and transformed cell lines were treated with PPAR agonists and oat lipid extracts to investigate the PPAR agonism. PPAR target genes and epidermal differentiation markers were analysed using quantitative real-time PCR and HPTLC analysis. Oat lipid extract demonstrated robust dual agonism for PPARα and PPARβ/δ, and increased direct PPAR target gene induction in primary human keratinocytes. In addition, oat oil treatment increased both receptor expression and, consistent with the literature on PPARs, oat oil treatment resulted in a significant upregulation of differentiation genes (involucrin, SPRRs and transglutaminase 1) and ceramide processing genes (β-glucocerebrosidase, sphingomyelinases 3 and ABCA12). Further, oat oil treatment in keratinocytes significantly increased ceramide levels (70%), suggesting a functional translation of PPAR activation by oat oil in keratinocytes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that oat lipids possess robust dual agonistic activities for PPARα and PPARβ/δ, increase their gene expression and induce differentiation and ceramide synthesis in keratinocytes, which can collectively improve skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyoun Chon
- Johnson & Johnson Skin Research Center, CPPW, A Division of Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA
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van den Broeck HC, Londono DM, Timmer R, Smulders MJM, Gilissen LJWJ, van der Meer IM. Profiling of Nutritional and Health-Related Compounds in Oat Varieties. Foods 2015; 5:foods5010002. [PMID: 28231097 PMCID: PMC5224580 DOI: 10.3390/foods5010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of oats in the human diet has decreased over the past 70 years. This is an unfortunate development from the perspective of human health because oats have a high nutritional value and contain many compounds, including β-glucan, polyphenols, vitamins, and unsaturated fatty acids that are able to maintain or may even improve consumer’s health. In addition, oats fit into a gluten-free diet of celiac disease patients because they lack the T-cell stimulating epitopes from wheat, rye, and barley. We focused on the presence of health-related compounds in oats and how their levels vary among varieties in response to the type of soil. Ten oat varieties were grown in the Netherlands in sandy and clay soil and were analyzed for the presence and concentration of healthy compounds (β-glucan, fatty acids, vitamin E, and antioxidant activity), avenin composition, total protein and starch content, and agronomical characteristics. Principal component analysis showed that genetic background influenced the levels of all analyzed components. Protein, starch, β-glucan, and antioxidants were also affected by the type of soil. The obtained results showed that this kind of analysis can be used to profile oat varieties in general and enables the selection of specific varieties with specific compound characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetty C van den Broeck
- Wageningen University & Research Centre, Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Diana M Londono
- Wageningen University & Research Centre, Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ruud Timmer
- Wageningen University & Research Centre, Applied Plant Research, P.O. Box 430, 8200 AK Lelystad, The Netherlands.
| | - Marinus J M Smulders
- Wageningen University & Research Centre, Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ludovicus J W J Gilissen
- Wageningen University & Research Centre, Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ingrid M van der Meer
- Wageningen University & Research Centre, Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Grimberg Å, Carlsson AS, Marttila S, Bhalerao R, Hofvander P. Transcriptional transitions in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves upon induction of oil synthesis by WRINKLED1 homologs from diverse species and tissues. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:192. [PMID: 26253704 PMCID: PMC4528408 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon accumulation and remobilization are essential mechanisms in plants to ensure energy transfer between plant tissues with different functions or metabolic needs and to support new generations. Knowledge about the regulation of carbon allocation into oil (triacylglycerol) in plant storage tissue can be of great economic and environmental importance for developing new high-yielding oil crops. Here, the effect on global gene expression as well as on physiological changes in leaves transiently expressing five homologs of the transcription factor WRINKLED1 (WRI1) originating from diverse species and tissues; Arabidopsis thaliana and potato (Solanum tuberosum) seed embryo, poplar (Populus trichocarpa) stem cambium, oat (Avena sativa) grain endosperm, and nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) tuber parenchyma, were studied by agroinfiltration in Nicotiana benthamiana. RESULTS All WRI1 homologs induced oil accumulation when expressed in leaf tissue. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that all homologs induced the same general patterns with a drastic shift in gene expression profiles of leaves from that of a typical source tissue to a source-limited sink-like tissue: Transcripts encoding enzymes for plastid uptake and metabolism of phosphoenolpyruvate, fatty acid and oil biosynthesis were up-regulated, as were also transcripts encoding starch degradation. Transcripts encoding enzymes in photosynthesis and starch synthesis were instead down-regulated. Moreover, transcripts representing fatty acid degradation were up-regulated indicating that fatty acids might be degraded to feed the increased need to channel carbons into fatty acid synthesis creating a futile cycle. RT-qPCR analysis of leaves expressing Arabidopsis WRI1 showed the temporal trends of transcripts selected as 'markers' for key metabolic pathways one to five days after agroinfiltration. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements of leaves expressing Arabidopsis WRI1 showed a significant decrease in photosynthesis, even though effect on starch content could not be observed. CONCLUSIONS This data gives for the first time a general view on the transcriptional transitions in leaf tissue upon induction of oil synthesis by WRI1. This yields important information about what effects WRI1 may exert on global gene expression during seed and embryo development. The results suggest why high oil content in leaf tissue cannot be achieved by solely transcriptional activation by WRI1, which can be essential knowledge in the development of new high-yielding oil crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Grimberg
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 1, P.O. Box 101, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Anders S Carlsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 1, P.O. Box 101, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Salla Marttila
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Rishikesh Bhalerao
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Per Hofvander
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 1, P.O. Box 101, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
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Ben Halima N, Ben Saad R, Khemakhem B, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S. Oat (Avena sativa L.): Oil and Nutriment Compounds Valorization for Potential Use in Industrial Applications. J Oleo Sci 2015; 64:915-32. [PMID: 26250424 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oat is a promising plant for the future. It is edible and beneficial thanks to its nutritional, medicinal and pharmaceutical uses and, hence, recognized to be useful for a healthier world. The assessment of the vital functions of oat components is important for industries requiring correct health labelling, valid during the shelf life of any product. Oil, enzymes and other biomolecules of nutraceutic or dietary usage from oats would be valorized for this purpose. Although oats have a unique and versatile composition including antioxidants and biomolecules indispensable for health, they are undervalued in comparison with other staple cereals such as wheat, barley and rice. Furthermore, oats, apart from maize, comprise a high oil content used for a wide range of beneficial purposes. In addition, they contain beta glucan that has proven to be very helpful in reducing blood cholesterol levels and other cardiovascular diseases risks. In fact, there is diversity in the composition and content of the beneficial oat components within their genotypes and the different environmental conditions and, thus, oats are amenable to be enhanced by agronomic practices and genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihed Ben Halima
- Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax
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Rolletschek H, Fuchs J, Friedel S, Börner A, Todt H, Jakob PM, Borisjuk L. A novel noninvasive procedure for high-throughput screening of major seed traits. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:188-199. [PMID: 25201084 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The large numbers of samples processed in breeding and biodiversity programmes require the development of efficient methods for the nondestructive evaluation of basic seed properties. Near-infrared spectroscopy is the state-of-the-art solution for this analytical demand, but it also has some limitations. Here, we present a novel, rapid, accurate procedure based on time domain-nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR), designed to simultaneously quantify a number of basic seed traits without any seed destruction. Using a low-field, benchtop (1) H-NMR instrument, the procedure gives a high-accuracy measurement of oil content (R(2) = 0.98), carbohydrate content (R(2) = 0.99), water content (R(2) = 0.98) and both fresh and dry weight of seeds/grains (R(2) = 0.99). The method requires a minimum of ~20 mg biomass per sample and thus enables to screen individual, intact seeds. When combined with an automated sample delivery system, a throughput of ~1400 samples per day is achievable. The procedure has been trialled as a proof of concept on cereal grains (collection of ~3000 accessions of Avena spp. curated at the IPK genebank). A mathematical multitrait selection approach has been designed to simplify the selection of outlying (most contrasting) accessions. To provide deeper insights into storage oil topology, some oat accessions were further analysed by three-dimensional seed modelling and lipid imaging. We conclude that the novel TD-NMR-based screening tool opens perspectives for breeding and plant biology in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardy Rolletschek
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
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Girin T, David LC, Chardin C, Sibout R, Krapp A, Ferrario-Méry S, Daniel-Vedele F. Brachypodium: a promising hub between model species and cereals. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5683-96. [PMID: 25262566 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Brachypodium distachyon was proposed as a model species for genetics and molecular genomics in cereals less than 10 years ago. It is now established as a standard for research on C3 cereals on a variety of topics, due to its close phylogenetic relationship with Triticeae crops such as wheat and barley, and to its simple genome, its minimal growth requirement, and its short life cycle. In this review, we first highlight the tools and resources for Brachypodium that are currently being developed and made available by the international community. We subsequently describe how this species has been used for comparative genomic studies together with cereal crops, before illustrating major research fields in which Brachypodium has been successfully used as a model: cell wall synthesis, plant-pathogen interactions, root architecture, and seed development. Finally, we discuss the usefulness of research on Brachypodium in order to improve nitrogen use efficiency in cereals, with the aim of reducing the amount of applied fertilizer while increasing the grain yield. Several paths are considered, namely an improvement of either nitrogen remobilization from the vegetative organs, nitrate uptake from the soil, or nitrate assimilation by the plant. Altogether, these examples position the research on Brachypodium as at an intermediate stage between basic research, carried out mainly in Arabidopsis, and applied research carried out on wheat and barley, enabling a complementarity of the studies and reciprocal benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Girin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Laure C David
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Camille Chardin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Richard Sibout
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Anne Krapp
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Sylvie Ferrario-Méry
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Françoise Daniel-Vedele
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
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Grimberg Å. Preferred carbon precursors for lipid labelling in the heterotrophic endosperm of developing oat (Avena sativa L.) grains. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 83:346-55. [PMID: 25221923 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Oat (Avena sativa L.) is unusual among the cereal grains in storing high amounts of oil in the endosperm; up to 90% of total grain oil. By using oat as a model species for oil metabolism in the cereal endosperm, we can learn how to develop strategies to redirect carbon from starch to achieve high-oil yielding cereal crops. Carbon precursors for lipid synthesis were compared in two genetically close oat cultivars with different endosperm oil content (about 6% and 10% of grain dw, medium-oil; MO, and high-oil; HO cultivar, respectively) by supplying a variety of (14)C-labelled substrates to the grain from both up- and downstream parts of glycolysis, either through detached oat panicles in vitro or by direct injection in planta. When supplied by direct injection, (14)C from acetate was identified to label the lipid fraction of the grain to the highest extent among substrates tested; 46% of net accumulated (14)C, demonstrating its applicability as a marker for lipids in the endosperm. Time course analyses of injected (14)C acetate during grain development suggested a more efficient transfer of fatty acids from polar lipids to triacylglycerol in the HO as compared to the MO cultivar, and turnover of triacylglycerol was suggested to not play a major role for the final oil content of oat grain endosperm despite the low amount of protective oleosins in this tissue. Moreover, availability of light was shown to drastically affect grain net carbon accumulation from (14)C-sucrose when supplied through detached panicles for the HO cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Grimberg
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 1, P.O. Box 101, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
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Schnitzenbaumer B, Arendt EK. Brewing with up to 40% unmalted oats (Avena sativa) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor): a review. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Schnitzenbaumer
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; National University of Ireland, University College Cork; College Road Cork Ireland
| | - Elke K. Arendt
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; National University of Ireland, University College Cork; College Road Cork Ireland
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Aro H, Järvenpää E, Mäkinen J, Lauraeus M, Huopalahti R, Hietaniemi V. The utilization of oat polar lipids produced by supercritical fluid technologies in the encapsulation of probiotics. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Borisjuk L, Rolletschek H, Neuberger T. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of lipid in living plants. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:465-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Délye C, Menchari Y, Michel S, Cadet E, Le Corre V. A new insight into arable weed adaptive evolution: mutations endowing herbicide resistance also affect germination dynamics and seedling emergence. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 111:681-91. [PMID: 23393095 PMCID: PMC3605953 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Selective pressures exerted by agriculture on populations of arable weeds foster the evolution of adaptive traits. Germination and emergence dynamics and herbicide resistance are key adaptive traits. Herbicide resistance alleles can have pleiotropic effects on a weed's life cycle. This study investigated the pleiotropic effects of three acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) alleles endowing herbicide resistance on the seed-to-plant part of the life cycle of the grass weed Alopecurus myosuroides. METHODS In each of two series of experiments, A. myosuroides populations with homogenized genetic backgrounds and segregating for Leu1781, Asn2041 or Gly2078 ACCase mutations which arose independently were used to compare germination dynamics, survival in the soil and seedling pre-emergence growth among seeds containing wild-type, heterozygous and homozygous mutant ACCase embryos. KEY RESULTS Asn2041 ACCase caused no significant effects. Gly2078 ACCase major effects were a co-dominant acceleration in seed germination (1·25- and 1·10-fold decrease in the time to reach 50 % germination (T50) for homozygous and heterozygous mutant embryos, respectively). Segregation distortion against homozygous mutant embryos or a co-dominant increase in fatal germination was observed in one series of experiments. Leu1781 ACCase major effects were a co-dominant delay in seed germination (1·41- and 1·22-fold increase in T50 for homozygous and heterozygous mutant embryos, respectively) associated with a substantial co-dominant decrease in fatal germination. CONCLUSIONS Under current agricultural systems, plants carrying Leu1781 or Gly2078 ACCase have a fitness advantage conferred by herbicide resistance that is enhanced or counterbalanced, respectively, by direct pleiotropic effects on the plant phenology. Pleiotropic effects associated with mutations endowing herbicide resistance undoubtedly play a significant role in the evolutionary dynamics of herbicide resistance in weed populations. Mutant ACCase alleles should also prove useful to investigate the role played by seed storage lipids in the control of seed dormancy and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Délye
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1347 Agroécologie, Dijon, France.
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Zhang MZ, Fang JH, Yan X, Liu J, Bao JS, Fransson G, Andersson R, Jansson C, Åman P, Sun C. Molecular insights into how a deficiency of amylose affects carbon allocation--carbohydrate and oil analyses and gene expression profiling in the seeds of a rice waxy mutant. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:230. [PMID: 23217057 PMCID: PMC3541260 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding carbon partitioning in cereal seeds is of critical importance to develop cereal crops with enhanced starch yields for food security and for producing specified end-products high in amylose, β-glucan, or fructan, such as functional foods or oils for biofuel applications. Waxy mutants of cereals have a high content of amylopectin and have been well characterized. However, the allocation of carbon to other components, such as β-glucan and oils, and the regulation of the altered carbon distribution to amylopectin in a waxy mutant are poorly understood. In this study, we used a rice mutant, GM077, with a low content of amylose to gain molecular insight into how a deficiency of amylose affects carbon allocation to other end products and to amylopectin. We used carbohydrate analysis, subtractive cDNA libraries, and qPCR to identify candidate genes potentially responsible for the changes in carbon allocation in GM077 seeds. RESULTS Carbohydrate analysis indicated that the content of amylose in GM077 seeds was significantly reduced, while that of amylopectin significantly rose as compared to the wild type BP034. The content of glucose, sucrose, total starch, cell-wall polysaccharides and oil were only slightly affected in the mutant as compared to the wild type. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) experiments generated 116 unigenes in the mutant on the wild-type background. Among the 116 unigenes, three, AGP, ISA1 and SUSIBA2-like, were found to be directly involved in amylopectin synthesis, indicating their possible roles in redirecting carbon flux from amylose to amylopectin. A bioinformatics analysis of the putative SUSIBA2-like binding elements in the promoter regions of the upregulated genes indicated that the SUSIBA2-like transcription factor may be instrumental in promoting the carbon reallocation from amylose to amylopectin. CONCLUSION Analyses of carbohydrate and oil fractions and gene expression profiling on a global scale in the rice waxy mutant GM077 revealed several candidate genes implicated in the carbon reallocation response to an amylose deficiency, including genes encoding AGPase and SUSIBA2-like. We believe that AGP and SUSIBA2 are two promising targets for classical breeding and/or transgenic plant improvement to control the carbon flux between starch and other components in cereal seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhou Zhang
- College of Life Science, China JiLiang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jie-Hong Fang
- College of Life Science, China JiLiang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xia Yan
- Department of Plant Biology & Forest Genetics, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, P.O. Box 7080, SE, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
- Heihe Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology and Integrated River Basin Science, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 260 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Life Science, China JiLiang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jin-Song Bao
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310029, China
| | - Gunnel Fransson
- Department of Food Science, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, SE, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roger Andersson
- Department of Food Science, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, SE, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Jansson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Earth Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, U.S.A
| | - Per Åman
- Department of Food Science, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, SE, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chuanxin Sun
- Department of Plant Biology & Forest Genetics, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, P.O. Box 7080, SE, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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Polar lipid fraction from oat (Avena sativa): characterization and use as an o/w emulsifier. Eur Food Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Barthole G, Lepiniec L, Rogowsky PM, Baud S. Controlling lipid accumulation in cereal grains. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 185-186:33-9. [PMID: 22325864 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant oils have so far been mostly directed toward food and feed production. Nowadays however, these oils are more and more used as competitive alternatives to mineral hydrocarbon-based products. This increasing demand for vegetable oils has led to a renewed interest in elucidating the metabolism of storage lipids and its regulation in various plant systems. Cereal grains store carbon in the form of starch in a large endosperm and as oil in an embryo of limited size. Complementary studies on kernel development and metabolism have paved the way for breeding or engineering new varieties with higher grain oil content. This could be achieved either by increasing the relative proportion of the oil-rich embryo within the grain, or by enhancing oil synthesis and accumulation in embryonic structures. For instance, diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) that catalyses the ultimate reaction in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerol appears to be a promising target for increasing oil content in maize embryos. Similarly, over-expression of the maize transcriptional regulators ZmLEAFY COTYLEDON1 and ZmWRINKLED1 efficiently stimulates oil accumulation in the kernels of transgenic lines. Redirecting carbon from starch to oil in the endosperm, though not yet realized, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Barthole
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, INRA Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Route de Saint-Cyr, F-78026 Versailles, France.
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