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Khan A, Tian R, Bean SR, Yerka M, Jiao Y. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal regulatory networks associated with nutrition synthesis in sorghum seeds. Commun Biol 2024; 7:841. [PMID: 38987396 PMCID: PMC11237005 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cereal seeds are vital for food, feed, and agricultural sustainability because they store and provide essential nutrients to human and animal food and feed systems. Unraveling molecular processes in seed development is crucial for enhancing cereal grain yield and quality. We analyze spatiotemporal transcriptome and metabolome profiles during sorghum seed development in the inbred line 'BTx623'. Morphological and molecular analyses identify the key stages of seed maturation, specifying starch biosynthesis onset at 5 days post-anthesis (dpa) and protein at 10 dpa. Transcriptome profiling from 1 to 25 dpa reveal dynamic gene expression pathways, shifting from cellular growth and embryo development (1-5 dpa) to cell division, fatty acid biosynthesis (5-25 dpa), and seed storage compounds synthesis in the endosperm (5-25 dpa). Network analysis identifies 361 and 207 hub genes linked to starch and protein synthesis in the endosperm, respectively, which will help breeders enhance sorghum grain quality. The availability of this data in the sorghum reference genome line establishes a baseline for future studies as new pangenomes emerge, which will consider copy number and presence-absence variation in functional food traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Khan
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Ran Tian
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Scott R Bean
- Grain Quality and Structure Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, USDA-ARS, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Melinda Yerka
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary & Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Yinping Jiao
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
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2
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Ning L, Wang Y, Shi X, Zhou L, Ge M, Liang S, Wu Y, Zhang T, Zhao H. Nitrogen-dependent binding of the transcription factor PBF1 contributes to the balance of protein and carbohydrate storage in maize endosperm. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:409-434. [PMID: 36222567 PMCID: PMC9806651 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations in nitrogen (N) availability influence protein and starch levels in maize (Zea mays) seeds, yet the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Here, we report that N limitation impacted the expression of many key genes in N and carbon (C) metabolism in the developing endosperm of maize. Notably, the promoter regions of those genes were enriched for P-box sequences, the binding motif of the transcription factor prolamin-box binding factor 1 (PBF1). Loss of PBF1 altered accumulation of starch and proteins in endosperm. Under different N conditions, PBF1 protein levels remained stable but PBF1 bound different sets of target genes, especially genes related to the biosynthesis and accumulation of N and C storage products. Upon N-starvation, the absence of PBF1 from the promoters of some zein genes coincided with their reduced expression, suggesting that PBF1 promotes zein accumulation in the endosperm. In addition, PBF1 repressed the expression of sugary1 (Su1) and starch branching enzyme 2b (Sbe2b) under normal N supply, suggesting that, under N-deficiency, PBF1 redirects the flow of C skeletons for zein toward the formation of C compounds. Overall, our study demonstrates that PBF1 modulates C and N metabolism during endosperm development in an N-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xi Shi
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Min Ge
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Shuaiqiang Liang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Tifu Zhang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
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3
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Guo J, Qu L, Wei Q, Lu D. Effects of post-silking low temperature on the starch and protein metabolism, endogenous hormone contents, and quality of grains in waxy maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:988172. [PMID: 36407592 PMCID: PMC9673756 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.988172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Waxy maize has many excellent characteristics in food and nonfood industries. However, post-silking low temperature (LT) has severe limitations on its grain yield and quality. In this study, field and pot trials were conducted to investigate the effects of post-silking LT on the physiological, biochemical, and functional characteristics of two waxy maize grains. The field and pot trials were performed with sowing date and artificial climate chamber, respectively, for LT treatment from silking stage to maturity. Results in pot trial were used to explain and validate the findings in field trial. Compared with the ambient treatment, the LT treatment significantly reduced kernel weight during the grain filling stage (P < 0.05). LT treatment in both environments resulted in an average decrease in dry weight of SYN5 and YN7 at maturity by 36.6% and 42.8%, respectively. Enzymatic activities related to starch and protein biosynthesis decreased under the LT treatment during the filling stage, accompanied by a decrease in the accumulation amounts and contents of soluble sugar and starch, and a decrease in protein accumulation amount. Meanwhile, the contents of abscisic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and gibberellin 3 in grains decreased under the LT treatment during the filling stage. Peak, trough, breakdown, final, and setback viscosities of grains decreased by LT. LT treatment decreased the gelatinization enthalpy of grains and increased the retrogradation percentage. In conclusion, post-silking LT stress altered the content of grain components by inhibiting the production of phytohormones and down-regulating the enzymatic activities involved in starch and protein metabolism, which resulted in the deterioration of grain pasting and thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dalei Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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4
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Olmedo Pico LB, Vyn TJ. Dry Matter Gains in Maize Kernels Are Dependent on Their Nitrogen Accumulation Rates and Duration during Grain Filling. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10061222. [PMID: 34204011 PMCID: PMC8232743 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Progressive N assimilation by maize kernels may constrain dry matter (DM) accumulation and final kernel weights (KW). We sought to better understand whole-plant and kernel N mechanisms associated with incremental DM and N accumulation patterns in kernels during grain fill. Maize was grown with multiple fertilizer N rates and N timings or plant densities to achieve a wide N availability gradient. Whole-plant DM and N sampling enabled determination of apparent N nutrition sufficiency at flowering (NNIR1) and when linear-fill began (NNIR3). Linear-plateau, mixed-effects models were fitted to kernel DM and N accumulation data collected weekly from early R3. Higher N supply, regardless of application timing or plant density, increased grain-fill duration (GFD) and, more inconsistently, effective grain-filling rate (EGFR). Kernels accumulated DM and N for similar durations. Both final KW and kernel N content increased consistently with N availability mostly because of higher kernel N accumulation rates (KNAR) and duration (KNAD). Both NNIR1 and NNIR3 were positively associated with KNAD and KNAR, and less strongly with EGFR. These results confirm the direct role of kernel N accumulation, in addition to prior NNI, in limiting KW gain rates and duration during grain filling.
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5
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Melo-Durán D, Perez JF, González-Ortiz G, Villagómez-Estrada S, Bedford MR, Graham H, Sola-Oriol D. Growth performance and total tract digestibility in broiler chickens fed different corn hybrids. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101218. [PMID: 34198097 PMCID: PMC8255229 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the variability in nutrient digestibility associated with corn genetic background and its influence on the feeding value for broiler chickens. A total of 960 1-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were distributed in eight treatments, with 12 pens per treatment and 10 birds per pen in a 42-day study. Eight corn samples (Variety 1 to Variety 8) were selected based on their nutrient composition. A fixed amount of each corn (577 g/kg in the starter diets and 662 g/kg in the finisher diets) was used to formulate feeds. Diets were offered ad libitum in pellet form. Performance parameters were determined at d 21 and d 42, and excreta samples collected at d 21 to determine energy, organic matter and dry matter (DM) whole-tract digestibility. The results revealed a decrease (P < 0.05) in body weight (BW) and feed intake in birds fed variety 8 compared to other varieties at d 21. The lowest whole tract DM and energy apparent digestibility were also observed for the variety 8 diet (P < 0.05), together with varieties 3 and 5. Energy digestibility was higher in varieties 2, 4 and 7 (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that corn protein concentration was positively correlated with vitreousness (r = 0.60, P = 0.054) and the arabinose:xylose ratio (r = 0.67, P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with starch (r = -0.62, P < 0.05). Soluble non-starch polysaccharide content was negatively correlated with the protein solubility index (r = -0.88, P < 0.05). In addition, corn protein concentration was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with 21-d BW (r = -0.71) and weight gain (r = -0.62). In conclusion, the corn genetic background influenced the nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broiler chickens. The content and nature of the non-starch polysaccharides were found to be two of the main factors affecting the solubility and availability of nutrients in corn, and could be the reason for the negative effects on the performance of broiler chickens as shown in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Melo-Durán
- Servei de Nutricio i Benestar Animal (SNiBA), Department de Ciencia Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - J F Perez
- Servei de Nutricio i Benestar Animal (SNiBA), Department de Ciencia Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | | | - S Villagómez-Estrada
- Servei de Nutricio i Benestar Animal (SNiBA), Department de Ciencia Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - M R Bedford
- AB Vista, Marlborough, Wiltshire, SN8 4AN, United Kingdom
| | - H Graham
- AB Vista, Marlborough, Wiltshire, SN8 4AN, United Kingdom
| | - D Sola-Oriol
- Servei de Nutricio i Benestar Animal (SNiBA), Department de Ciencia Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08193, Spain.
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6
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Shawa H, Biljon A, Labuschagne MT. Protein quality and quantity of quality protein maize (QPM) and non‐QPM hybrids under optimal and low nitrogen conditions. Cereal Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Shawa
- Department of Plant Sciences University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa
| | - Angeline Biljon
- Department of Plant Sciences University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa
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7
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Ma J, Wang L, Cao Y, Wang H, Li H. Association Mapping and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Genetic Architecture of Maize Kernel Size. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:632788. [PMID: 33815440 PMCID: PMC8013726 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.632788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Kernel length, kernel width, and kernel thickness are important traits affecting grain yield and product quality. Here, the genetic architecture of the three kernel size traits was dissected in an association panel of 309 maize inbred lines using four statistical methods. Forty-two significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; p < 1.72E-05) and 70 genes for the three traits were identified under five environments. One and eight SNPs were co-detected in two environments and by at least two methods, respectively, and they explained 5.87-9.59% of the phenotypic variation. Comparing the transcriptomes of two inbred lines with contrasting seed size, three and eight genes identified in the association panel showed significantly differential expression between the two genotypes at 15 and 39 days after pollination, respectively. Ten and 17 genes identified by a genome-wide association study were significantly differentially expressed between the two development stages in the two genotypes. Combining environment-/method-stable SNPs and differential expression analysis, ribosomal protein L7, jasmonate-regulated gene 21, serine/threonine-protein kinase RUNKEL, AP2-EREBP-transcription factor 16, and Zm00001d035222 (cell wall protein IFF6-like) were important candidate genes for maize kernel size and development.
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8
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Yue K, Li L, Xie J, Liu Y, Xie J, Anwar S, Fudjoe SK. Nitrogen Supply Affects Yield and Grain Filling of Maize by Regulating Starch Metabolizing Enzyme Activities and Endogenous Hormone Contents. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:798119. [PMID: 35185953 PMCID: PMC8847167 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.798119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of nitrogen (N) application rate and time on yield, grain filling, starch metabolizing enzymes, and hormones of maize based on a long-term field experiment initiated in 2012. The total N fertilizer dose [(0 (N0), 100 (N1), 200 (N2), and 300 (N3) kg N ha-1] was split into two (T1, one-third at sowing and two-thirds at the six-leaf stage) or three (T2, one-third each at sowing, six-leaf, and eleven-leaf stage) times application. The results showed that the highest yield was obtained under N3T2, N2T1, and N3T2 in 2018, 2019, and 2020, which was 222.49, 185.31, and 194.00% than that of N0 in each year, respectively. N2 and N3 significantly increased the yield through enhancing ears ha-1, grains per plant, and 100-grain weight; however, N2 and N3 did not show a significant difference in yield and above-yield components. In addition, N application time did not significantly change yield under the same N rate. N0 limited the activities of starch metabolizing enzymes, resulting in insufficient accumulation of sucrose and starch. The contents of indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinin, abscisic acid, and gibberellin were decreased under N0 during grain filling. The average grain-filling rate and maximum grain-filling rate (G max) and grain weight increment achieving G max increased under N2 and N3, and the grain-filling parameters were positively correlated with 100-grain weight. In conclusion, 200 kg N ha-1 with one-third application at sowing and two-thirds application at the six-leaf stage is a suitable N supply way to improve starch metabolizing enzymes, regulate hormone content, and enhance grain-filling rates, and thus increasing the maize yield in the semiarid Loess Plateau of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lingling Li,
| | - Junhong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaoquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- Institute of Crop Science, Xinjiang Academy of Agri-Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Sumera Anwar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Setor Kwami Fudjoe
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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9
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Response and Modeling of Hybrid Maize Seed Vigor to Water Deficit at Different Growth Stages. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12113289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research is imperative to predict seed vigor of hybrid maize production under water deficit in arid areas. Field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 in arid areas of northwestern China to investigate the effects of different irrigation strategies at various growth stages with drip irrigation under film mulching on grain yield, kernel weight, seed protein content, and seed vigor of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.). Water deficit at vegetative, flowering, and grain-filling stages was considered and a total of 16 irrigation treatments was applied. A total of 12 indices of germination percentage, germination index (GI), shoot length (SL), and root length (RL) under different germination conditions (standard germination and accelerated aging); electrical conductivity (EC) of the leachate; and activities of peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase in seeds were measured and analyzed using the combinational evaluation method (CEM). Furthermore, five water production functions (Blank, Stewart, Rao, Jensen, and Minhas) were used to predict seed vigor evaluated by CEM under water deficit. The results showed that leachate EC was higher under water deficit than that under sufficient irrigation. The SL, RL, and GI of different germination conditions increased under water deficit at the flowering stage. The Rao model was considered the best fitted model to predict the vigor of hybrid maize seeds under water deficit, and an appropriate water deficit at the flowering stage is recommended to ensure high seed vigor of hybrid maize production with drip irrigation under film mulching. Our findings would be useful for reducing crop water use while ensuring seed vigor for hybrid maize production in arid areas.
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10
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Wang J, Wen Z, Fu P, Lu W, Lu D. Effects of Nitrogen Rates on the Physicochemical Properties of Waxy Maize Starch. STARCH-STARKE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201900146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and PhysiologyAgricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Zhangrong Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and PhysiologyAgricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Pengxiao Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and PhysiologyAgricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Weiping Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and PhysiologyAgricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Dalei Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and PhysiologyAgricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou 225009 China
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11
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Moran E. Starch: Granule, Amylose-Amylopectin, Feed Preparation, and Recovery by the Fowl's Gastrointestinal Tract. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfy046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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12
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Peiris KHS, Bean SR, Chiluwal A, Perumal R, Jagadish SVK. Moisture effects on robustness of sorghum grain protein near‐infrared spectroscopy calibration. Cereal Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott R. Bean
- USDA‐ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research Manhattan Kansas
| | - Anuj Chiluwal
- Department of Agronomy Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas
| | - Ramasamy Perumal
- Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center Hays Kansas
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13
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MacNeill GJ, Mehrpouyan S, Minow MAA, Patterson JA, Tetlow IJ, Emes MJ. Starch as a source, starch as a sink: the bifunctional role of starch in carbon allocation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4433-4453. [PMID: 28981786 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Starch commands a central role in the carbon budget of the majority of plants on earth, and its biological role changes during development and in response to the environment. Throughout the life of a plant, starch plays a dual role in carbon allocation, acting as both a source, releasing carbon reserves in leaves for growth and development, and as a sink, either as a dedicated starch store in its own right (in seeds and tubers), or as a temporary reserve of carbon contributing to sink strength, in organs such as flowers, fruits, and developing non-starchy seeds. The presence of starch in tissues and organs thus has a profound impact on the physiology of the growing plant as its synthesis and degradation governs the availability of free sugars, which in turn control various growth and developmental processes. This review attempts to summarize the large body of information currently available on starch metabolism and its relationship to wider aspects of carbon metabolism and plant nutrition. It highlights gaps in our knowledge and points to research areas that show promise for bioengineering and manipulation of starch metabolism in order to achieve more desirable phenotypes such as increased yield or plant biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J MacNeill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sahar Mehrpouyan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mark A A Minow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jenelle A Patterson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ian J Tetlow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Michael J Emes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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14
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Zanga D, Capell T, Slafer GA, Christou P, Savin R. A carotenogenic mini-pathway introduced into white corn does not affect development or agronomic performance. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38288. [PMID: 27922071 PMCID: PMC5138849 DOI: 10.1038/srep38288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
High-carotenoid corn (Carolight®) has been developed as a vehicle to deliver pro-vitamin A in the diet and thus address vitamin A deficiency in at-risk populations in developing countries. Like any other novel crop, the performance of Carolight® must be tested in different environments to ensure that optimal yields and productivity are maintained, particularly in this case to ensure that the engineered metabolic pathway does not attract a yield penalty. Here we compared the performance of Carolight® with its near isogenic white corn inbred parental line under greenhouse and field conditions, and monitored the stability of the introduced trait. We found that Carolight® was indistinguishable from its near isogenic line in terms of agronomic performance, particularly grain yield and its main components. We also established experimentally that the functionality of the introduced trait was indistinguishable when plants were grown in a controlled environment or in the field. Such thorough characterization under different agronomic conditions is rarely performed even for first-generation traits such as herbicide tolerance and pest resistance, and certainly not for complex second-generation traits such as the metabolic remodeling in the Carolight® variety. Our results therefore indicate that Carolight® can now be incorporated into breeding lines to generate hybrids with locally adapted varieties for further product development and assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Zanga
- Crop and Forestry Sciences, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Teresa Capell
- Crop and Forestry Sciences, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gustavo A Slafer
- Crop and Forestry Sciences, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain.,ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul Christou
- Crop and Forestry Sciences, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain.,ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roxana Savin
- Crop and Forestry Sciences, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
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Yesbergenova-Cuny Z, Dinant S, Martin-Magniette ML, Quilleré I, Armengaud P, Monfalet P, Lea PJ, Hirel B. Genetic variability of the phloem sap metabolite content of maize (Zea mays L.) during the kernel-filling period. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 252:347-357. [PMID: 27717471 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using a metabolomic approach, we have quantified the metabolite composition of the phloem sap exudate of seventeen European and American lines of maize that had been previously classified into five main groups on the basis of molecular marker polymorphisms. In addition to sucrose, glutamate and aspartate, which are abundant in the phloem sap of many plant species, large quantities of aconitate and alanine were also found in the phloem sap exudates of maize. Genetic variability of the phloem sap composition was observed in the different maize lines, although there was no obvious relationship between the phloem sap composition and the five previously classified groups. However, following hierarchical clustering analysis there was a clear relationship between two of the subclusters of lines defined on the basis of the composition of the phloem sap exudate and the earliness of silking date. A comparison between the metabolite contents of the ear leaves and the phloem sap exudates of each genotype, revealed that the relative content of most of the carbon- and nitrogen-containing metabolites was similar. Correlation studies performed between the metabolite content of the phloem sap exudates and yield-related traits also revealed that for some carbohydrates such as arabitol and sucrose there was a negative or positive correlation with kernel yield and kernel weight respectively. A posititive correlation was also found between kernel number and soluble histidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhazira Yesbergenova-Cuny
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, INRA, Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 INRA-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherce Labellisée (ERL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS 3559, RD10(,) F-78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Dinant
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, INRA, Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 INRA-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherce Labellisée (ERL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS 3559, RD10(,) F-78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Laure Martin-Magniette
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France; Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France; UMR MIA-Paris, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Quilleré
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, INRA, Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 INRA-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherce Labellisée (ERL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS 3559, RD10(,) F-78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Armengaud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, INRA, Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 INRA-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherce Labellisée (ERL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS 3559, RD10(,) F-78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Priscilla Monfalet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, INRA, Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 INRA-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherce Labellisée (ERL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS 3559, RD10(,) F-78026 Versailles Cedex, France; UMR MIA-Paris, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Peter J Lea
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Bertrand Hirel
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, INRA, Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 INRA-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherce Labellisée (ERL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS 3559, RD10(,) F-78026 Versailles Cedex, France.
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Yang L, Guo S, Chen Q, Chen F, Yuan L, Mi G. Use of the Stable Nitrogen Isotope to Reveal the Source-Sink Regulation of Nitrogen Uptake and Remobilization during Grain Filling Phase in Maize. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162201. [PMID: 27606628 PMCID: PMC5015999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the remobilization of vegetative nitrogen (N) and post-silking N both contribute to grain N in maize (Zea mays L.), their regulation by grain sink strength is poorly understood. Here we use 15N labeling to analyze the dynamic behaviors of both pre- and post-silking N in relation to source and sink manipulation in maize plants. The results showed that the remobilization of pre-silking N started immediately after silking and the remobilized pre-silking N had a greater contribution to grain N during early grain filling, with post-silking N importance increasing during the later filling stage. The amount of post-silking N uptake was largely driven by post-silking dry matter accumulation in both grain as well as vegetative organs. Prevention of pollination during silking had less effect on post-silking N uptake, as a consequence of compensatory growth of stems, husk + cob and roots. Also, leaves continuously export N even though grain sink was removed. The remobilization efficiency of N in the leaf and stem increased with increasing grain yield (hence N requirement). It is suggested that the remobilization of N in the leaf is controlled by sink strength but not the leaf per se. Enhancing post-silking N uptake rather than N remobilization is more likely to increase grain N accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Song Guo
- Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qinwu Chen
- Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fanjun Chen
- Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lixing Yuan
- Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Mi
- Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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17
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Nhan MT, Copeland L. Effect of variety and growing environment on pasting and thermal properties of wheat starch. STARCH-STARKE 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201500243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Tri Nhan
- Faculty of Agriculture Environment; The University of Sydney; NSW Australia
| | - Les Copeland
- Faculty of Agriculture Environment; The University of Sydney; NSW Australia
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Amiour N, Imbaud S, Clément G, Agier N, Zivy M, Valot B, Balliau T, Quilleré I, Tercé-Laforgue T, Dargel-Graffin C, Hirel B. An integrated "omics" approach to the characterization of maize (Zea mays L.) mutants deficient in the expression of two genes encoding cytosolic glutamine synthetase. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1005. [PMID: 25410248 PMCID: PMC4247748 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To identify the key elements controlling grain production in maize, it is essential to have an integrated view of the responses to alterations in the main steps of nitrogen assimilation by modification of gene expression. Two maize mutant lines (gln1.3 and gln1.4), deficient in two genes encoding cytosolic glutamine synthetase, a key enzyme involved in nitrogen assimilation, were previously characterized by a reduction of kernel size in the gln1.4 mutant and by a reduction of kernel number in the gln1.3 mutant. In this work, the differences in leaf gene transcripts, proteins and metabolite accumulation in gln1.3 and gln1.4 mutants were studied at two key stages of plant development, in order to identify putative candidate genes, proteins and metabolic pathways contributing on one hand to the control of plant development and on the other to grain production. Results The most interesting finding in this study is that a number of key plant processes were altered in the gln1.3 and gln1.4 mutants, including a number of major biological processes such as carbon metabolism and transport, cell wall metabolism, and several metabolic pathways and stress responsive and regulatory elements. We also found that the two mutants share common or specific characteristics across at least two or even three of the “omics” considered at the vegetative stage of plant development, or during the grain filling period. Conclusions This is the first comprehensive molecular and physiological characterization of two cytosolic glutamine synthetase maize mutants using a combined transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic approach. We find that the integration of the three “omics” procedures is not straight forward, since developmental and mutant-specific levels of regulation seem to occur from gene expression to metabolite accumulation. However, their potential use is discussed with a view to improving our understanding of nitrogen assimilation and partitioning and its impact on grain production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1005) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bertrand Hirel
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 INRA-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, Cedex, France.
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Nhan MT, Copeland L. Effects of Growing Environment on Properties of Starch from Five Australian Wheat Varieties. Cereal Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-01-14-0013-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Tri Nhan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Present address: College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Les Copeland
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Corresponding author. Phone: +61 2 8627 1017
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20
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Sekhon RS, Hirsch CN, Childs KL, Breitzman MW, Kell P, Duvick S, Spalding EP, Buell CR, de Leon N, Kaeppler SM. Phenotypic and Transcriptional Analysis of Divergently Selected Maize Populations Reveals the Role of Developmental Timing in Seed Size Determination. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:658-669. [PMID: 24710068 PMCID: PMC4044855 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.235424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Seed size is a component of grain yield and an important trait in crop domestication. To understand the mechanisms governing seed size in maize (Zea mays), we examined transcriptional and developmental changes during seed development in populations divergently selected for large and small seed size from Krug, a yellow dent maize cultivar. After 30 cycles of selection, seeds of the large seed population (KLS30) have a 4.7-fold greater weight and a 2.6-fold larger size compared with the small seed population (KSS30). Patterns of seed weight accumulation from the time of pollination through 30 d of grain filling showed an earlier onset, slower rate, and earlier termination of grain filling in KSS30 relative to KLS30. This was further supported by transcriptome patterns in seeds from the populations and derived inbreds. Although the onset of key genes was earlier in small seeds, similar maximum transcription levels were observed in large seeds at later stages, suggesting that functionally weaker alleles, rather than transcript abundance, may be the basis of the slow rate of seed filling in KSS30. Gene coexpression networks identified several known genes controlling cellularization and proliferation as well as novel genes that will be useful candidates for biotechnological approaches aimed at altering seed size in maize and other cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajandeep S Sekhon
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (R.S.S., M.W.B., N.d.L., S.M.K.), Department of Agronomy (R.S.S., M.W.B., P.K., N.d.L., S.M.K.), and Department of Botany (E.P.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (C.N.H.);Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (K.L.C., C.R.B.) and Department of Plant Biology (K.L.C., C.R.B.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824; andUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, Iowa 50011 (S.D.)
| | - Candice N Hirsch
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (R.S.S., M.W.B., N.d.L., S.M.K.), Department of Agronomy (R.S.S., M.W.B., P.K., N.d.L., S.M.K.), and Department of Botany (E.P.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (C.N.H.);Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (K.L.C., C.R.B.) and Department of Plant Biology (K.L.C., C.R.B.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824; andUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, Iowa 50011 (S.D.)
| | - Kevin L Childs
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (R.S.S., M.W.B., N.d.L., S.M.K.), Department of Agronomy (R.S.S., M.W.B., P.K., N.d.L., S.M.K.), and Department of Botany (E.P.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (C.N.H.);Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (K.L.C., C.R.B.) and Department of Plant Biology (K.L.C., C.R.B.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824; andUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, Iowa 50011 (S.D.)
| | - Matthew W Breitzman
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (R.S.S., M.W.B., N.d.L., S.M.K.), Department of Agronomy (R.S.S., M.W.B., P.K., N.d.L., S.M.K.), and Department of Botany (E.P.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (C.N.H.);Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (K.L.C., C.R.B.) and Department of Plant Biology (K.L.C., C.R.B.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824; andUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, Iowa 50011 (S.D.)
| | - Paul Kell
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (R.S.S., M.W.B., N.d.L., S.M.K.), Department of Agronomy (R.S.S., M.W.B., P.K., N.d.L., S.M.K.), and Department of Botany (E.P.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (C.N.H.);Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (K.L.C., C.R.B.) and Department of Plant Biology (K.L.C., C.R.B.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824; andUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, Iowa 50011 (S.D.)
| | - Susan Duvick
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (R.S.S., M.W.B., N.d.L., S.M.K.), Department of Agronomy (R.S.S., M.W.B., P.K., N.d.L., S.M.K.), and Department of Botany (E.P.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (C.N.H.);Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (K.L.C., C.R.B.) and Department of Plant Biology (K.L.C., C.R.B.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824; andUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, Iowa 50011 (S.D.)
| | - Edgar P Spalding
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (R.S.S., M.W.B., N.d.L., S.M.K.), Department of Agronomy (R.S.S., M.W.B., P.K., N.d.L., S.M.K.), and Department of Botany (E.P.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (C.N.H.);Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (K.L.C., C.R.B.) and Department of Plant Biology (K.L.C., C.R.B.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824; andUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, Iowa 50011 (S.D.)
| | - C Robin Buell
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (R.S.S., M.W.B., N.d.L., S.M.K.), Department of Agronomy (R.S.S., M.W.B., P.K., N.d.L., S.M.K.), and Department of Botany (E.P.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (C.N.H.);Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (K.L.C., C.R.B.) and Department of Plant Biology (K.L.C., C.R.B.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824; andUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, Iowa 50011 (S.D.)
| | - Natalia de Leon
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (R.S.S., M.W.B., N.d.L., S.M.K.), Department of Agronomy (R.S.S., M.W.B., P.K., N.d.L., S.M.K.), and Department of Botany (E.P.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (C.N.H.);Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (K.L.C., C.R.B.) and Department of Plant Biology (K.L.C., C.R.B.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824; andUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, Iowa 50011 (S.D.)
| | - Shawn M Kaeppler
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (R.S.S., M.W.B., N.d.L., S.M.K.), Department of Agronomy (R.S.S., M.W.B., P.K., N.d.L., S.M.K.), and Department of Botany (E.P.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (C.N.H.);Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (K.L.C., C.R.B.) and Department of Plant Biology (K.L.C., C.R.B.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824; andUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, Iowa 50011 (S.D.)
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Peng Y, Li C, Fritschi FB. Apoplastic infusion of sucrose into stem internodes during female flowering does not increase grain yield in maize plants grown under nitrogen-limiting conditions. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2013; 148:470-480. [PMID: 23061679 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) limitation reduces leaf growth and photosynthetic rates of maize (Zea mays), and constrains photosynthate translocation to developing ears. Additionally, the period from about 1 week before to 2 weeks after silking is critical for establishing the reproductive sink capacity necessary to attain maximum yield. To investigate the influence of carbohydrate availability in plants of differing N status, a greenhouse study was performed in which exogenous sucrose (Suc) was infused around the time of silking into maize stems grown under different N regimes. N deficiency significantly reduced leaf area, leaf longevity, leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate. High N-delayed leaf senescence, particularly of the six uppermost leaves, compared to the other two N treatments. While N application increased ear leaf soluble protein concentration, it did not influence glucose and suc concentrations. Interestingly, ear leaf starch concentration decreased with increasing N application. Infusion of exogenous suc tended to increase non-structural carbohydrate concentrations in the developing ears of all N treatments at silking and 6 days after silking. However, leaf photosynthetic rates were not affected by suc infusion, and suc infusion failed to increase grain yield in any N treatment. The lack of an effect of suc infusion on ear growth and the high ear leaf starch concentration of N-deficient maize, suggest that yield reduction under N deficiency may not be due to insufficient photosynthate availability to the developing ear during silking, and that yield reduction under N deficiency may be determined at an earlier growth stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Bihmidine S, Hunter CT, Johns CE, Koch KE, Braun DM. Regulation of assimilate import into sink organs: update on molecular drivers of sink strength. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:177. [PMID: 23761804 PMCID: PMC3671192 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments have altered our view of molecular mechanisms that determine sink strength, defined here as the capacity of non-photosynthetic structures to compete for import of photoassimilates. We review new findings from diverse systems, including stems, seeds, flowers, and fruits. An important advance has been the identification of new transporters and facilitators with major roles in the accumulation and equilibration of sugars at a cellular level. Exactly where each exerts its effect varies among systems. Sugarcane and sweet sorghum stems, for example, both accumulate high levels of sucrose, but may do so via different paths. The distinction is central to strategies for targeted manipulation of sink strength using transporter genes, and shows the importance of system-specific analyses. Another major advance has been the identification of deep hypoxia as a feature of normal grain development. This means that molecular drivers of sink strength in endosperm operate in very low oxygen levels, and under metabolic conditions quite different than previously assumed. Successful enhancement of sink strength has nonetheless been achieved in grains by up-regulating genes for starch biosynthesis. Additionally, our understanding of sink strength is enhanced by awareness of the dual roles played by invertases (INVs), not only in sucrose metabolism, but also in production of the hexose sugar signals that regulate cell cycle and cell division programs. These contributions of INV to cell expansion and division prove to be vital for establishment of young sinks ranging from flowers to fruit. Since INV genes are themselves sugar-responsive "feast genes," they can mediate a feed-forward enhancement of sink strength when assimilates are abundant. Greater overall productivity and yield have thus been attained in key instances, indicating that even broader enhancements may be achievable as we discover the detailed molecular mechanisms that drive sink strength in diverse systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadia Bihmidine
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, USA
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, USA
- Missouri Maize Center, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, USA
| | - Charles T. Hunter
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christine E. Johns
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Karen E. Koch
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - David M. Braun
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, USA
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, USA
- Missouri Maize Center, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, USA
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Hua W, Li RJ, Zhan GM, Liu J, Li J, Wang XF, Liu GH, Wang HZ. Maternal control of seed oil content in Brassica napus: the role of silique wall photosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 69:432-44. [PMID: 21954986 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04802.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Seed oil content is an important agronomic trait in rapeseed. However, our understanding of the regulatory processes controlling oil accumulation is still limited. Using two rapeseed lines (zy036 and 51070) with contrasting oil content, we found that maternal genotype greatly affects seed oil content. Genetic and physiological evidence indicated that difference in the local and tissue-specific photosynthetic activity in the silique wall (a maternal tissue) was responsible for the different seed oil contents. This effect was mimicked by in planta manipulation of silique wall photosynthesis. Furthermore, the starch content and expression of the important lipid synthesis regulatory gene WRINKLED1 in developing seeds were linked with silique wall photosynthetic activity. 454 pyrosequencing was performed to explore the possible molecular mechanism for the difference in silique wall photosynthesis between zy036 and 51070. Interestingly, the results suggested that photosynthesis-related genes were over-represented in both total silique wall expressed genes and genes that were differentially expressed between genotypes. A potential regulatory mechanism for elevated photosynthesis in the zy036 silique wall is proposed on the basis of knowledge from Arabidopsis. Differentially expressed ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco)-related genes were used for further investigations. Oil content correlated closely with BnRBCS1A expression levels and Rubisco activities in the silique wall, but not in the leaf. Taken together, our results highlight an important role of silique wall photosynthesis in the regulation of seed oil content in terms of maternal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hua
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
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Shen B, Allen WB, Zheng P, Li C, Glassman K, Ranch J, Nubel D, Tarczynski MC. Expression of ZmLEC1 and ZmWRI1 increases seed oil production in maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 153:980-7. [PMID: 20488892 PMCID: PMC2899924 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.157537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing seed oil production is a major goal for global agriculture to meet the strong demand for oil consumption by humans and for biodiesel production. Previous studies to increase oil synthesis in plants have focused mainly on manipulation of oil pathway genes. As an alternative to single-enzyme approaches, transcription factors provide an attractive solution for altering complex traits, with the caveat that transcription factors may face the challenge of undesirable pleiotropic effects. Here, we report that overexpression of maize (Zea mays) LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (ZmLEC1) increases seed oil by as much as 48% but reduces seed germination and leaf growth in maize. To uncouple oil increase from the undesirable agronomic traits, we identified a LEC1 downstream transcription factor, maize WRINKLED1 (ZmWRI1). Overexpression of ZmWRI1 results in an oil increase similar to overexpression of ZmLEC1 without affecting germination, seedling growth, or grain yield. These results emphasize the importance of field testing for developing a commercial high-oil product and highlight ZmWRI1 as a promising target for increasing oil production in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shen
- Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., a DuPont Business, Johnston, Iowa 50131-1004, USA.
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