1
|
Singh P, Kumari A, Foyer CH, Gupta KJ. The power of the phytoglobin-NO cycle in the regulation of nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:5-7. [PMID: 32386329 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Aprajita Kumari
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
A forty year journey: The generation and roles of NO in plants. Nitric Oxide 2019; 93:53-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
3
|
Berger A, Boscari A, Frendo P, Brouquisse R. Nitric oxide signaling, metabolism and toxicity in nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4505-4520. [PMID: 30968126 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between legumes and rhizobia lead to the establishment of a symbiotic relationship characterized by the formation of a new organ, the nodule, which facilitates the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) by nitrogenase through the creation of a hypoxic environment. Significant amounts of nitric oxide (NO) accumulate at different stages of nodule development, suggesting that NO performs specific signaling and/or metabolic functions during symbiosis. NO, which regulates nodule gene expression, accumulates to high levels in hypoxic nodules. NO accumulation is considered to assist energy metabolism within the hypoxic environment of the nodule via a phytoglobin-NO-mediated respiration process. NO is a potent inhibitor of the activity of nitrogenase and other plant and bacterial enzymes, acting as a developmental signal in the induction of nodule senescence. Hence, key questions concern the relative importance of the signaling and metabolic functions of NO versus its toxic action and how NO levels are regulated to be compatible with nitrogen fixation functions. This review analyses these paradoxical roles of NO at various stages of symbiosis, and highlights the role of plant phytoglobins and bacterial hemoproteins in the control of NO accumulation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Berger A, Brouquisse R, Pathak PK, Hichri I, Singh I, Bhatia S, Boscari A, Igamberdiev AU, Gupta KJ. Pathways of nitric oxide metabolism and operation of phytoglobins in legume nodules: missing links and future directions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018. [PMID: 29351361 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between legumes and rhizobia leads to the establishment of a beneficial symbiotic relationship. Recent advances in legume - rhizobium symbiosis revealed that various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species including nitric oxide (NO) play important roles during this process. Nodule development occurs with a transition from a normoxic environment during the establishment of symbiosis to a microoxic environment in functional nodules. Such oxygen dynamics are required for activation and repression of various NO production and scavenging pathways. Both the plant and bacterial partners participate in the synthesis and degradation of NO. However, the pathways of NO production and degradation as well as their cross-talk and involvement in the metabolism are still a matter of debate. The plant-originated reductive pathways are known to contribute to the NO production in nodules under hypoxic conditions. Non-symbiotic hemoglobin (phytoglobin) (Pgb) possesses high NO oxygenation capacity, buffers and scavenges NO. Its operation, through a respiratory cycle called Pgb-NO cycle, leads to the maintenance of redox and energy balance in nodules. The role of Pgb/NO cycle under fluctuating NO production from soil needs further investigation for complete understanding of NO regulatory mechanism governing nodule development to attain optimal food security under changing environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Berger
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRA, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Renaud Brouquisse
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRA, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Pradeep Kumar Pathak
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Imène Hichri
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRA, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sabhyata Bhatia
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Alexandre Boscari
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRA, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B3X9, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Many researchers have sought along the last two decades a legume species that could serve as a model system for genetic studies to resolve specific developmental or metabolic processes that cannot be studied in other model plants. Nitrogen fixation, nodulation, compound leaf, inflorescence and plant architecture, floral development, pod formation, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and other developmental and metabolic aspects are legume-specific or show important differences with those described in Arabidopsis thaliana, the most studied model plant. Mainly Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus were proposed in the 1990s as model systems due to their key attributes, diploid genome, autogamous nature, short generation times, small genome sizes, and both species can be readily transformed. After more than decade-long, the genome sequences of both species are essentially complete, and a series of functional genomics tools have been successfully developed and applied. Mutagens that cause insertions or deletions are being used in these model systems because these kinds of DNA rearrangements are expected to assist in the isolation of the corresponding genes by Target-Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) approaches. Different M. truncatula mutants have been obtained following γ-irradiation or fast neutron bombardment (FNB), ethyl-nitrosourea (ENU) or ethyl-methanesulfonate (EMS) treatments, T-DNA and activation tagging, use of the tobacco retrotransposon Tnt1 to produce insertional mutants, gene silencing by RNAi, and transient post-transcriptional gene silencing by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Emerging technologies of targeted mutagenesis and gene editing, such as the CRISPR-Cas9 system, could open a new era in this field. Functional genomics tools and phenotypic analyses of several mutants generated in M. truncatula have been essential to better understand differential aspects of legumes development and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Cañas
- CSIC-UPV, Institute for Plant Cell and Molecular Biology (IBMCP), Valencia, Spain.
| | - José Pío Beltrán
- CSIC-UPV, Institute for Plant Cell and Molecular Biology (IBMCP), Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fukudome M, Calvo-Begueria L, Kado T, Osuki KI, Rubio MC, Murakami EI, Nagata M, Kucho KI, Sandal N, Stougaard J, Becana M, Uchiumi T. Hemoglobin LjGlb1-1 is involved in nodulation and regulates the level of nitric oxide in the Lotus japonicus-Mesorhizobium loti symbiosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5275-83. [PMID: 27443280 PMCID: PMC5014168 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Leghemoglobins transport and deliver O2 to the symbiosomes inside legume nodules and are essential for nitrogen fixation. However, the roles of other hemoglobins (Hbs) in the rhizobia-legume symbiosis are unclear. Several Lotus japonicus mutants affecting LjGlb1-1, a non-symbiotic class 1 Hb, have been used to study the function of this protein in symbiosis. Two TILLING alleles with single amino acid substitutions (A102V and E127K) and a LORE1 null allele with a retrotransposon insertion in the 5'-untranslated region (96642) were selected for phenotyping nodulation. Plants of all three mutant lines showed a decrease in long infection threads and nodules, and an increase in incipient infection threads. About 4h after inoculation, the roots of mutant plants exhibited a greater transient accumulation of nitric oxide (NO) than did the wild-type roots; nevertheless, in vitro NO dioxygenase activities of the wild-type, A102V, and E127K proteins were similar, suggesting that the mutated proteins are not fully functional in vivo The expression of LjGlb1-1, but not of the other class 1 Hb of L. japonicus (LjGlb1-2), was affected during infection of wild-type roots, further supporting a specific role for LjGlb1-1. In conclusion, the LjGlb1-1 mutants reveal that this protein is required during rhizobial infection and regulates NO levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutaka Fukudome
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Laura Calvo-Begueria
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tomohiro Kado
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Osuki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Maria Carmen Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ei-Ichi Murakami
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Maki Nagata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kucho
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Niels Sandal
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Toshiki Uchiumi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
D'Apuzzo E, Valkov VT, Parlati A, Omrane S, Barbulova A, Sainz MM, Lentini M, Esposito S, Rogato A, Chiurazzi M. PII Overexpression in Lotus japonicus Affects Nodule Activity in Permissive Low-Nitrogen Conditions and Increases Nodule Numbers in High Nitrogen Treated Plants. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2015; 28:432-42. [PMID: 25390190 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-14-0285-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report here the first characterization of a GLNB1 gene coding for the PII protein in leguminous plants. The main purpose of this work was the investigation of the possible roles played by this multifunctional protein in nodulation pathways. The Lotus japonicus LjGLB1 gene shows a significant transcriptional regulation during the light-dark cycle and different nitrogen availability, conditions that strongly affect nodule formation, development, and functioning. We also report analysis of the spatial profile of expression of LjGLB1 in root and nodule tissues and of the protein's subcellular localization. Transgenic L. japonicus lines overexpressing the PII protein were obtained and tested for the analysis of the symbiotic responses in different conditions. The uncoupling of PII from its native regulation affects nitrogenase activity and nodule polyamine content. Furthermore, our results suggest the involvement of PII in the signaling of the nitrogen nutritional status affecting the legumes' predisposition for nodule formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrica D'Apuzzo
- 1 Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kwan YM, Meon S, Ho CL, Wong MY. Cloning of nitric oxide associated 1 (NOA1) transcript from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and its expression during Ganoderma infection. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 174:131-6. [PMID: 25462975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide associated 1 (NOA1) protein is implicated in plant disease resistance and nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis. A full-length cDNA encoding of NOA1 protein from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) was isolated and designated as EgNOA1. Sequence analysis suggested that EgNOA1 was a circular permutated GTPase with high similarity to the bacterial YqeH protein of the YawG/YlqF family. The gene expression of EgNOA1 and NO production in oil palm root tissues treated with Ganoderma boninense, the causal agent of basal stem rot (BSR) disease were profiled to investigate the involvement of EgNOA1 during fungal infection and association with NO biosynthesis. Real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed that the transcript abundance of EgNOA1 in root tissues was increased by G. boninense treatment. NO burst in Ganoderma-treated root tissue was detected using Griess reagent, in advance of the up-regulation of the EgNOA1 transcript. This indicates that NO production was independent of EgNOA1. However, the induced expression of EgNOA1 in Ganoderma-treated root tissues implies that it might be involved in plant defense responses against pathogen infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Min Kwan
- Laboratory of Plantation Crops, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sariah Meon
- Laboratory of Plantation Crops, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Chai-Ling Ho
- Laboratory of Plantation Crops, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mui-Yun Wong
- Laboratory of Plantation Crops, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ribeiro CW, Alloing G, Mandon K, Frendo P. Redox regulation of differentiation in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:1469-78. [PMID: 25433163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between Rhizobium bacteria and legumes leads to the formation of a new organ, the root nodule. The development of the nodule requires the differentiation of plant root cells to welcome the endosymbiotic bacterial partner. This development includes the formation of an efficient vascular tissue which allows metabolic exchanges between the root and the nodule, the formation of a barrier to oxygen diffusion necessary for the bacterial nitrogenase activity and the enlargement of cells in the infection zone to support the large bacterial population. Inside the plant cell, the bacteria differentiate into bacteroids which are able to reduce atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia needed for plant growth in exchange for carbon sources. Nodule functioning requires a tight regulation of the development of plant cells and bacteria. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW Nodule functioning requires a tight regulation of the development of plant cells and bacteria. The importance of redox control in nodule development and N-fixation is discussed in this review. The involvement of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and the importance of the antioxidant defense are analyzed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Plant differentiation and bacterial differentiation are controlled by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, enzymes involved in the antioxidant defense and antioxidant compounds. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The establishment and functioning of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis involve a redox control important for both the plant-bacteria crosstalk and the consideration of environmental parameters. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Redox regulation of differentiation and de-differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Werner Ribeiro
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRA UMR 1355, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, CNRS UMR 7254, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Geneviève Alloing
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRA UMR 1355, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, CNRS UMR 7254, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Karine Mandon
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRA UMR 1355, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, CNRS UMR 7254, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Frendo
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRA UMR 1355, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, CNRS UMR 7254, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Puppo A, Pauly N, Boscari A, Mandon K, Brouquisse R. Hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide: key regulators of the Legume-Rhizobium and mycorrhizal symbioses. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:2202-19. [PMID: 23249379 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE During the Legume-Rhizobium symbiosis, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and nitric oxide (NO) appear to play an important signaling role in the establishment and the functioning of this interaction. Modifications of the levels of these reactive species in both partners impair either the development of the nodules (new root organs formed on the interaction) or their N(2)-fixing activity. RECENT ADVANCES NADPH oxidases (Noxs) have been recently described as major sources of H(2)O(2) production, via superoxide anion dismutation, during symbiosis. Nitrate reductases (NR) and electron transfer chains from both partners were found to significantly contribute to NO production in N(2)-fixing nodules. Both S-sulfenylated and S-nitrosylated proteins have been detected during early interaction and in functioning nodules, linking reactive oxygen species (ROS)/NO production to redox-based protein regulation. NO was also found to play a metabolic role in nodule energy metabolism. CRITICAL ISSUES H(2)O(2) may control the infection process and the subsequent bacterial differentiation into the symbiotic form. NO is required for an optimal establishment of symbiosis and appears to be a key player in nodule senescence. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A challenging question is to define more precisely when and where reactive species are generated and to develop adapted tools to detect their production in vivo. To investigate the role of Noxs and NRs in the production of H(2)O(2) and NO, respectively, the use of mutants under the control of organ-specific promoters will be of crucial interest. The balance between ROS and NO production appears to be a key point to understand the redox regulation of symbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Puppo
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, TGU INRA 1355-CNRS 7254, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Sophia-Antipolis, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Oger E, Marino D, Guigonis JM, Pauly N, Puppo A. Sulfenylated proteins in the Medicago truncatula–Sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4102-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
12
|
Meilhoc E, Boscari A, Bruand C, Puppo A, Brouquisse R. Nitric oxide in legume-rhizobium symbiosis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 181:573-81. [PMID: 21893254 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signaling molecule with a broad spectrum of regulatory functions in plant growth and development. NO has been found to be involved in various pathogenic or symbiotic plant-microbe interactions. During the last decade, increasing evidence of the occurrence of NO during legume-rhizobium symbioses has been reported, from early steps of plant-bacteria interaction, to the nitrogen-fixing step in mature nodules. This review focuses on recent advances on NO production and function in nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. First, the potential plant and bacterial sources of NO, including NO synthase-like, nitrate reductase or electron transfer chains of both partners, are presented. Then responses of plant and bacterial cells to the presence of NO are presented in the context of the N(2)-fixing symbiosis. Finally, the roles of NO as either a regulatory signal of development, or a toxic compound with inhibitory effects on nitrogen fixation, or an intermediate involved in energy metabolism, during symbiosis establishment and nodule functioning are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Meilhoc
- INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR441, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
del Giudice J, Cam Y, Damiani I, Fung-Chat F, Meilhoc E, Bruand C, Brouquisse R, Puppo A, Boscari A. Nitric oxide is required for an optimal establishment of the Medicago truncatula-Sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 191:405-417. [PMID: 21457261 PMCID: PMC3147055 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that participates in numerous plant signalling pathways. It is involved in plant responses to pathogens and development processes such as seed germination, flowering and stomatal closure. Using a permeable NO-specific fluorescent probe and a bacterial reporter strain expressing the lacZ gene under the control of a NO-responsive promoter, we detected NO production in the first steps, during infection threads growth, of the Medicago truncatula-Sinorhizobium meliloti symbiotic interaction. Nitric oxide was also detected, by confocal microscopy, in nodule primordia. Depletion of NO caused by cPTIO (2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide), an NO scavenger, resulted in a significant delay in nodule appearance. The overexpression of a bacterial hmp gene, encoding a flavohaemoglobin able to scavenge NO, under the control of a nodule-specific promoter (pENOD20) in transgenic roots, led to the same phenotype. The NO scavenging resulting from these approaches provoked the downregulation of plant genes involved in nodule development, such as MtCRE1 and MtCCS52A. Furthermore, an Hmp-overexpressing S. meliloti mutant strain was found to be less competitive than the wild type in the nodulation process. Taken together, these results indicate that NO is required for an optimal establishment of the M. truncatula-S. meliloti symbiotic interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer del Giudice
- UMR INRA 1301/CNRS 6243/Université de Nice – Sophia Antipolis, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut Agrobiotech400 route des Chappes, BP 167, F–06903 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Yvan Cam
- UMR CNRS 2594/INRA 441, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes MicroorganismesF–31320 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Isabelle Damiani
- UMR INRA 1301/CNRS 6243/Université de Nice – Sophia Antipolis, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut Agrobiotech400 route des Chappes, BP 167, F–06903 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Franck Fung-Chat
- UMR INRA 1301/CNRS 6243/Université de Nice – Sophia Antipolis, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut Agrobiotech400 route des Chappes, BP 167, F–06903 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Eliane Meilhoc
- UMR CNRS 2594/INRA 441, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes MicroorganismesF–31320 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Claude Bruand
- UMR CNRS 2594/INRA 441, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes MicroorganismesF–31320 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Renaud Brouquisse
- UMR INRA 1301/CNRS 6243/Université de Nice – Sophia Antipolis, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut Agrobiotech400 route des Chappes, BP 167, F–06903 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Alain Puppo
- UMR INRA 1301/CNRS 6243/Université de Nice – Sophia Antipolis, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut Agrobiotech400 route des Chappes, BP 167, F–06903 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Alexandre Boscari
- UMR INRA 1301/CNRS 6243/Université de Nice – Sophia Antipolis, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut Agrobiotech400 route des Chappes, BP 167, F–06903 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|