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Adejuwon JO, Tewogbade KE, Oguntoke O, Ufoegbune GC. Comparing farmers' perception of climate effect on cocoa yield with climate data in the Humid zone of Nigeria. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23155. [PMID: 38144264 PMCID: PMC10746452 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from the conventional inputs for cocoa production, climatic parameters have a significant effect on the yield of the crop globally. However, existing literature suffers a knowledge gap on the farmers' perceptions of climate effect on cocoa yield and its nexus with climate data. The chi-square test of independence, standardized anomaly index (SAI), multiple regression, z-distribution, and descriptive statistics were employed to investigate the socioeconomic and climate impacts on yield. The registered farmers (280) from the Osun State Cocoa Growers Association (OSCGA) in the Nigerian Humid Zone were the interviewees. Climate data were retrieved from the records of the Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Abuja, while the cocoa yield data were provided by the Ministry of Agriculture, Osogbo from 1999 to 2019. The results revealed that climate affected cocoa yield and the yield was significant at p ≤ 0.05 in 1999 and 2000. Most farmers perceived that low temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, sunshine, and wind speed influenced cocoa yield positively. Farmers' perception was influenced by age, marital status, household size, and educational level at p ≤ 0.01. Understanding the climate and its consequences on cocoa yield will help develop management practices, that were hitherto lacking in Osun State, Nigeria. This study presents the socioeconomic and climate effects on cocoa yield and makes recommendations for management practices in regions with similar ecological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O. Adejuwon
- Department of Water Resources Management and Agrometeorology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde E. Tewogbade
- Department of Water Resources Management and Agrometeorology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun Oguntoke
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Gideon C. Ufoegbune
- Department of Water Resources Management and Agrometeorology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
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2
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Wang Y, Lv X, Sheng D, Hou X, Mandal S, Liu X, Zhang P, Shen S, Wang P, Krishna Jagadish SV, Huang S. Heat-dependent postpollination limitations on maize pollen tube growth and kernel sterility. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3822-3838. [PMID: 37623372 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress has a negative impact on pollen development in maize (Zea mays L.) but the postpollination events that determine kernel sterility are less well characterised. The impact of short-term (hours) heat exposure during postpollination was therefore assessed in silks and ovaries. The temperatures inside the kernels housed within the husks was significantly lower than the imposed heat stress. This protected the ovaries and possibly the later phase of pollen tube growth from the adverse effects of heat stress. Failure of maize kernel fertilization was observed within 6 h of heat stress exposure postpollination. This was accompanied by a significant restriction of early pollen tube growth rather than pollen germination. Limitations on early pollen tube growth were therefore a major factor contributing to heat stress-induced kernel sterility. Exposure to heat stress altered the sugar composition of silks, suggesting that hexose supply contributed to the limitations on pollen tube growth. Moreover, the activities of sucrose metabolising enzymes, the expression of sucrose degradation and trehalose biosynthesis genes were decreased following heat stress. Significant increases in reactive oxygen species, abscisic acid and auxin levels accompanied by altered expression of phytohormone-related genes may also be important in the heat-induced suppression of pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanlong Lv
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dechang Sheng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfang Hou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shreya Mandal
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, China
| | - Si Shen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - S V Krishna Jagadish
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Shoubing Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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3
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Yuan Y, Khourchi S, Li S, Du Y, Delaplace P. Unlocking the Multifaceted Mechanisms of Bud Outgrowth: Advances in Understanding Shoot Branching. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3628. [PMID: 37896091 PMCID: PMC10610460 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is a complex and tightly regulated developmental process that is essential for determining plant architecture and crop yields. The outgrowth of tiller buds is a crucial step in shoot branching, and it is influenced by a variety of internal and external cues. This review provides an extensive overview of the genetic, plant hormonal, and environmental factors that regulate shoot branching in several plant species, including rice, Arabidopsis, tomato, and wheat. We especially highlight the central role of TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1 (TB1), a key gene in orchestrating bud outgrowth. In addition, we discuss how the phytohormones cytokinins, strigolactones, and auxin interact to regulate tillering/branching. We also shed light on the involvement of sugar, an integral component of plant development, which can impact bud outgrowth in both trophic and signaling ways. Finally, we emphasize the substantial influence of environmental factors, such as light, temperature, water availability, biotic stresses, and nutrients, on shoot branching. In summary, this review offers a comprehensive evaluation of the multifaced regulatory mechanisms that underpin shoot branching and highlights the adaptable nature of plants to survive and persist in fluctuating environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Said Khourchi
- Plant Sciences, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Shujia Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanfang Du
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Pierre Delaplace
- Plant Sciences, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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4
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Goel K, Kundu P, Sharma P, Zinta G. Thermosensitivity of pollen: a molecular perspective. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:843-857. [PMID: 37029819 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A current trend in climate comprises adverse weather anomalies with more frequent and intense temperature events. Heatwaves are a serious threat to global food security because of the susceptibility of crop plants to high temperatures. Among various developmental stages of plants, even a slight rise in temperature during reproductive development proves detrimental, thus making sexual reproduction heat vulnerable. In this context, male gametophyte or pollen development stages are the most sensitive ones. High-temperature exposure induces pollen abortion, reducing pollen viability and germination rate with a concomitant effect on seed yield. This review summarizes the ultrastructural, morphological, biochemical, and molecular changes underpinning high temperature-induced aberrations in male gametophytes. Specifically, we highlight the temperature sensing cascade operating in pollen, involving reactive oxygen species (ROS), heat shock factors (HSFs), a hormones and transcriptional regulatory network. We also emphasize integrating various omics approaches to decipher the molecular events triggered by heat stress in pollen. The knowledge of genes, proteins, and metabolites conferring thermotolerance in reproductive tissues can be utilized to breed/engineer thermotolerant crops to ensure food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Goel
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Pravesh Kundu
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Paras Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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5
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Xu J, Jansma SY, Wolters-Arts M, de Groot PFM, Jansen MJ, Rieu I. Long-Term Mild Heat Causes Post-Mitotic Pollen Abortion Through a Local Effect on Flowers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:925754. [PMID: 35898227 PMCID: PMC9310381 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.925754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Crop reproductive success is significantly challenged by heatwaves, which are increasing in frequency and severity globally. Heat-induced male sterility is mainly due to aborted pollen development, but it is not clear whether this is through direct or systemic effects. Here, long-term mild heat (LTMH) treatment, mimicking a heatwave, was applied locally to tomato flowers or whole plants and followed up by cytological, transcriptomic, and biochemical analyses. By analyzing pollen viability, LTMH was shown to act directly on the flowers and not via effects on other plant tissue. The meiosis to early microspore stage of pollen development was the most sensitive to LTMH and 3 days of exposure around this period was sufficient to significantly reduce pollen viability at the flower anthesis stage. Extensive cytological analysis showed that abnormalities in pollen development could first be observed after pollen mitosis I, while no deviations in tapetum development were observed. Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses suggested that pollen development suffered from tapetal ER stress and that there was a limited role for oxidative stress. Our results provide the first evidence that heat acts directly on flowers to induce pollen sterility, and that the molecular-physiological responses of developing anthers to the LTMH are different from those to severe heat shock.
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Chaudhary S, Devi P, HanumanthaRao B, Jha UC, Sharma KD, Prasad PVV, Kumar S, Siddique KHM, Nayyar H. Physiological and Molecular Approaches for Developing Thermotolerance in Vegetable Crops: A Growth, Yield and Sustenance Perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:878498. [PMID: 35837452 PMCID: PMC9274134 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables are a distinct collection of plant-based foods that vary in nutritional diversity and form an important part of the healthy diet of the human being. Besides providing basic nutrition, they have great potential for boosting human health. The balanced consumption of vegetables is highly recommended for supplementing the human body with better nutrition density, dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins, and bioactive compounds. However, the production and quality of fresh vegetables are influenced directly or indirectly by exposure to high temperatures or heat stress (HS). A decline in quality traits and harvestable yield are the most common effects of HS among vegetable crops. Heat-induced morphological damage, such as poor vegetative growth, leaf tip burning, and rib discoloration in leafy vegetables and sunburn, decreased fruit size, fruit/pod abortion, and unfilled fruit/pods in beans, are common, often rendering vegetable cultivation unprofitable. Further studies to trace down the possible physiological and biochemical effects associated with crop failure reveal that the key factors include membrane damage, photosynthetic inhibition, oxidative stress, and damage to reproductive tissues, which may be the key factors governing heat-induced crop failure. The reproductive stage of plants has extensively been studied for HS-induced abnormalities. Plant reproduction is more sensitive to HS than the vegetative stages, and affects various reproductive processes like pollen germination, pollen load, pollen tube growth, stigma receptivity, ovule fertility and, seed filling, resulting in poorer yields. Hence, sound and robust adaptation and mitigation strategies are needed to overcome the adverse impacts of HS at the morphological, physiological, and biochemical levels to ensure the productivity and quality of vegetable crops. Physiological traits such as the stay-green trait, canopy temperature depression, cell membrane thermostability, chlorophyll fluorescence, relative water content, increased reproductive fertility, fruit numbers, and fruit size are important for developing better yielding heat-tolerant varieties/cultivars. Moreover, various molecular approaches such as omics, molecular breeding, and transgenics, have been proved to be useful in enhancing/incorporating tolerance and can be potential tools for developing heat-tolerant varieties/cultivars. Further, these approaches will provide insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms that govern thermotolerance and pave the way for engineering "designer" vegetable crops for better health and nutritional security. Besides these approaches, agronomic methods are also important for adaptation, escape and mitigation of HS protect and improve yields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poonam Devi
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bindumadhava HanumanthaRao
- World Vegetable Center, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Greater Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
- Marri Channa Reddy Foundation (MCRF), Hyderabad, India
| | - Uday Chand Jha
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Kamal Dev Sharma
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, India
| | - P. V. Vara Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The University of Western Australia Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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7
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Laza HE, Kaur-Kapoor H, Xin Z, Payton PR, Chen J. Morphological analysis and stage determination of anther development in Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. PLANTA 2022; 255:86. [PMID: 35286485 PMCID: PMC8921119 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of sorghum anthers at 18 classified developmental stages provide an important reference for future studies on sorghum reproductive biology and abiotic stress tolerance of sorghum pollen. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is the fifth-most important cereal crop in the world. It has relatively high resilience to drought and high temperature stresses during vegetative growing stages comparing to other major cereal crops. However, like other cereal crops, the sensitivity of male organ to heat and drought can severely depress sorghum yield due to reduced fertility and pollination efficiency if the stress occurs at the reproductive stage. Identification of the most vulnerable stages and the genes and genetic networks that differentially regulate the abiotic stress responses during anther development are two critical prerequisites for targeted molecular trait selection and for enhanced environmentally resilient sorghum in breeding using a variety of genetic modification strategies. However, in sorghum, anther developmental stages have not been determined. The distinctive cellular characteristics associated with anther development have not been well examined. Lack of such critical information is a major obstacle in the studies of anther and pollen development in sorghum. In this study, we examined the morphological changes of sorghum anthers at cellular level during entire male organ development processes using a modified high-throughput imaging variable pressure scanning electron microscopy and traditional light microscopy methods. We divided sorghum anther development into 18 distinctive stages and provided detailed description of the morphological changes in sorghum anthers for each stage. The findings of this study will serve as an important reference for future studies focusing on sorghum physiology, reproductive biology, genetics, and genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydee E Laza
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Zhuanguo Xin
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development, USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA
| | - Paxton R Payton
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development, USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA
| | - Junping Chen
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development, USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA.
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8
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Malik S, Zhao D. Epigenetic Regulation of Heat Stress in Plant Male Reproduction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:826473. [PMID: 35222484 PMCID: PMC8866763 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.826473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, male reproductive development is highly susceptible to heat stress. In this mini-review, we summarized different anomalies in tapetum, microspores, and pollen grains during anther development under heat stress. We then discussed how epigenetic control, particularly DNA methylation, is employed to cope with heat stress in male reproduction. Further understanding of epigenetic mechanisms by which plants manage heat stress during male reproduction will provide new genetic engineering and molecular breeding tools for generating heat-resistant crops.
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9
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Salehi H, Chehregani Rad A, Sharifan H, Raza A, Varshney RK. Aerially Applied Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Affects Reproductive Components and Seed Quality in Fully Grown Bean Plants ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:808141. [PMID: 35095979 PMCID: PMC8790032 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.808141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of reproductive components in plant species is susceptible to environmental stresses. The extensive application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) in various agro-industrial processes has jeopardized the performance and functionality of plants. To understand the response of the developmental (gametogenesis and sporogenesis) processes to nanoparticles (NPs) exposure, the aerial application of nZnO and their ionic counterpart of ZnSO4 at four different levels were examined on bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) before the flowering stage. To evaluate the mentioned processes, briefly, flowers in multiple sizes were fixed in paraffin, followed by sectioning and optical analysis. The possibility of alteration in reproductive cells was thoroughly analyzed using both light and electron microscopes. Overall, our results revealed the histological defects in male and female reproductive systems of mature plants depend on NPs levels. Furthermore, NPs caused tapetum abnormalities, aberrations in carbohydrate accumulation, and apoptosis. The nZnO induced abnormal alterations right after meiosis and partly hindered the microspore development, leading to infertile pollens. The seed yield and dry weight were reduced to 70 and 82% at 2,000 mg L-1 nZnO foliar exposure, respectively. The sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern showed the increased expression of two proteins at the molecular weight of 28 and 42 kDa at various concentrations of nZnO and ZnSO4. Overall, our results provided novel insights into the negative effect of nano-scaled Zn on the differential mechanism involved in the reproductive stage of the plants compared with salt form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Salehi
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | | | - Hamidreza Sharifan
- Department of Natural Science, Albany State University, Albany, GA, United States
| | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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10
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Interspecific hybridization between sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica L.) and ‘Satputia’ (Luffa hermaphrodita Singh & Bhandari) for pre-introgression of cluster bearing, high yield and gynoecism. J Genet 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-021-01323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Sarma H, Islam NF, Prasad R, Prasad MNV, Ma LQ, Rinklebe J. Enhancing phytoremediation of hazardous metal(loid)s using genome engineering CRISPR-Cas9 technology. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125493. [PMID: 34030401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and drastic changes in the global climate today have given a strong impetus to developing newer climate-resilient phytoremediation approaches. These methods are of great public and scientific importance given the urgency of this environmental crisis. Climate change has adverse effects on the growth, outputs, phenology, and overall productivity of plants. Contamination of soil with metal(loid)s is a major worldwide problem. Some metal(loids) are carcinogenic pollutants that have a long half-life and are non-degradable in the environment. There are many instances of the potential link between chronic heavy metal exposure and human disease. The adaptation of plants in the changing environment is, however, a major concern in phytoremediation practice. The creation of climate-resistant metal hyperaccumulation plants using molecular techniques could provide new opportunities to mitigate these problems. Consequently, advancements in molecular science would accelerate our knowledge of adaptive plant remediation/resistance and plant production in the context of global warming. Genome modification using artificial nucleases has the potential to enhance phytoremediation by modifying genomes for a sustainable future. This review focuses on biotechnology to boost climate change tolerant metallicolous plants and the future prospects of such technology, particularly the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system, for enhancing phytoremediation of hazardous pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemen Sarma
- Department of Botany, N N Saikia College, Titabar 785 630, Assam, India
| | - N F Islam
- Department of Botany, N N Saikia College, Titabar 785 630, Assam, India
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari 845401, Bihar, India
| | - M N V Prasad
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046 Telangana, India
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- Laboratory of Soil-, and Groundwater-Management, Institute of Soil Engineering, Waste and Water Science, Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Wuppertal, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; University of Sejong, Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Chaturvedi P, Wiese AJ, Ghatak A, Záveská Drábková L, Weckwerth W, Honys D. Heat stress response mechanisms in pollen development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:571-585. [PMID: 33818773 PMCID: PMC9292940 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Being rooted in place, plants are faced with the challenge of responding to unfavourable local conditions. One such condition, heat stress, contributes massively to crop losses globally. Heatwaves are predicted to increase, and it is of vital importance to generate crops that are tolerant to not only heat stress but also to several other abiotic stresses (e.g. drought stress, salinity stress) to ensure that global food security is protected. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the temperature stress response in pollen will be a significant step towards developing effective breeding strategies for high and stable production in crop plants. While most studies have focused on the vegetative phase of plant growth to understand heat stress tolerance, it is the reproductive phase that requires more attention as it is more sensitive to elevated temperatures. Every phase of reproductive development is affected by environmental challenges, including pollen and ovule development, pollen tube growth, male-female cross-talk, fertilization, and embryo development. In this review we summarize how pollen is affected by heat stress and the molecular mechanisms employed during the stress period, as revealed by classical and -omics experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Chaturvedi
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS)Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
| | - Anna J. Wiese
- Laboratory of Pollen BiologyInstitute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesRozvojová 263Prague 6165 02Czech Republic
| | - Arindam Ghatak
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS)Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
| | - Lenka Záveská Drábková
- Laboratory of Pollen BiologyInstitute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesRozvojová 263Prague 6165 02Czech Republic
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS)Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME)University of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
| | - David Honys
- Laboratory of Pollen BiologyInstitute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesRozvojová 263Prague 6165 02Czech Republic
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13
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Chen L, Yun M, Cao Z, Liang Z, Liu W, Wang M, Yan J, Yang S, He X, Jiang B, Peng Q, Lin Y. Phenotypic Characteristics and Transcriptome of Cucumber Male Flower Development Under Heat Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:758976. [PMID: 34745192 PMCID: PMC8570340 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.758976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important vegetable crop, which is thermophilic not heat resistant. High-temperature stress always results in sterility at reproductive stage. In the present study, we evaluate the male flower developmental changes under normal (CK) and heat stress (HS) condition. After HS, the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased. In addition, the pollen fertility was significantly decreased; and abnormal tapetum and microspore were observed by paraffin section. Transcriptome analysis results presented that total of 5828 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified after HS. Among these DEGs, 20 DEGs were found at four stages, including DNA binding transcription factor, glycosyltransferase, and wound-responsive family protein. The gene ontology term of carbohydrate metabolic process was significantly enriched in all anther stages, and many saccharides and starch synthase-related genes, such as invertase, sucrose synthase, and starch branching enzyme, were significantly different expressed in HS compared with CK. Furthermore, co-expression network analysis showed a module (midnightblue) strongly consistent with HS, and two hub genes (CsaV3_6G004180 and CsaV3_5G034860) were found with a high degree of connectivity to other genes. Our results provide comprehensive understandings on male flower development in cucumber under HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maomao Yun
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang Cao
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojun Liang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Liu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinqiang Yan
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songguang Yang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming He
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwu Peng
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu’e Lin
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yu’e Lin,
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14
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Ascari L, Cristofori V, Macrì F, Botta R, Silvestri C, De Gregorio T, Huerta ES, Di Berardino M, Kaufmann S, Siniscalco C. Hazelnut Pollen Phenotyping Using Label-Free Impedance Flow Cytometry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:615922. [PMID: 33370424 PMCID: PMC7753158 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.615922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Impedance flow cytometry (IFC) is a versatile lab-on-chip technology which enables fast and label-free analysis of pollen grains in various plant species, promising new research possibilities in agriculture and plant breeding. Hazelnut is a monoecious, anemophilous species, exhibiting sporophytic self-incompatibility. Its pollen is dispersed by wind in midwinter when temperatures are still low and relative humidity is usually high. Previous research found that hazelnut can be characterized by high degrees of pollen sterility following a reciprocal chromosome translocation occurring in some cultivated genotypes. In this study, IFC was used for the first time to characterize hazelnut pollen biology. IFC was validated via dye exclusion in microscopy and employed to (i) follow pollen hydration over time to define the best pre-hydration treatment for pollen viability evaluation; (ii) test hazelnut pollen viability and sterility on 33 cultivars grown in a collection field located in central Italy, and two wild hazelnuts. The accessions were also characterized by their amount and distribution of catkins in the tree canopy. Pollen sterility rate greatly varied among hazelnut accessions, with one main group of highly sterile cultivars and a second group, comprising wild genotypes and the remaining cultivars, producing good quality pollen. The results support the hypothesis of recurring reciprocal translocation events in Corylus avellana cultivars, leading to the observed gametic semi-sterility. The measured hazelnut pollen viability was also strongly influenced by pollen hydration (R adj 2 = 0.83, P ≤ 0.0001) and reached its maximum at around 6 h of pre-hydration in humid chambers. Viable and dead pollen were best discriminated at around the same time of pollen pre-hydration, suggesting that high humidity levels are required for hazelnut pollen to maintain its functionality. Altogether, our results detail the value of impedance flow cytometry for high throughput phenotyping of hazelnut pollen. Further research is required to clarify the causes of pollen sterility in hazelnut, to confirm the role of reciprocal chromosome translocations and to investigate its effects on plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ascari
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valerio Cristofori
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Federico Macrì
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Botta
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristian Silvestri
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Consolata Siniscalco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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15
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Mathieu AS, Périlleux C, Jacquemin G, Renard ME, Lutts S, Quinet M. Impact of vernalization and heat on flowering induction, development and fertility in root chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativum). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 254:153272. [PMID: 32980639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Root chicory (Cichorium intybus var. sativum) is a biennial plant that requires vernalization for flowering initiation. However, we previously showed that heat can induce root chicory flowering independently of vernalization. To deepen our understanding of the temperature control of flowering in this species, we investigated the impact of heat, vernalization and their interaction on flowering induction and reproductive development. Heat increased the flowering percentage of non-vernalized plants by 25% but decreased that of vernalized plants by 65%. After bolting, heat negatively affected inflorescence development, decreasing the proportion of sessile capitula on the floral stem by 40% and the floral stem dry weight by 42% compared to control conditions, although it did not affect the number of flowers per capitulum. Heat also decreased flower fertility: pollen production, pollen viability and stigma receptivity were respectively 25%, 3% and 82% lower in heat-treated plants than in untreated control plants. To investigate the genetic control of flowering by temperature in root chicory, we studied the expression of the FLC-LIKE1 (CiFL1) gene in response to heat; CiFL1 was previously shown to be repressed by vernalization in chicory and to repress flowering when over-expressed in Arabidopsis. Heat treatment increased CiFL1 expression, as well as the percentage of bolting and flowering shoot apices. Heat thus has a dual impact on flowering initiation in root chicory since it appears to both induce flowering and counteract vernalization. However, after floral transition, heat has a primarily negative impact on root chicory reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Mathieu
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 5 (bte 7.07.13), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Claire Périlleux
- InBioS, PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Liège, Sart Tilman Campus Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la Vallée 4, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Jacquemin
- Crop Production Systems Unit, Production and Sectors Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, 4 Rue du Bordia, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Marie-Eve Renard
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 5 (bte 7.07.13), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 5 (bte 7.07.13), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Muriel Quinet
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 5 (bte 7.07.13), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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16
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Araya A, Prasad PVV, Zambreski Z, Gowda PH, Ciampitti IA, Assefa Y, Girma A. Spatial analysis of the impact of climate change factors and adaptation strategies on productivity of wheat in Ethiopia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 731:139094. [PMID: 32417478 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wheat production is expected to be challenged by future climate change. However, it is unclear how wheat grown in diverse agroecologies will respond to climate change and adaptation management strategies. A geospatial simulation study was conducted to understand the impacts of climate change and adaptation management strategies on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in Ethiopia. Simulation results showed that the average long-term baseline (1980-2005) wheat yield ranged from 1593 to 3356 kg/ha. This wheat yield range is within the national average (2100-2700 kg/ha) for this decade. In regions with cooler temperatures (<21 °C), mid-century temperatures and elevated CO2, along with increased N fertilizer slightly improved attainable yield levels above 3000 kg/ha. Whereas, in regions with heat and drought conditions wheat yield declined regardless the increase of N or CO2 levels. Wheat yield increased at a diminishing rate with increase in N fertilizer rate. However, N fertilizer did not increase yields under low rainfall conditions. Two to five irrigation per season contributed to yield improvement for low rainfall locations, while yield did not substantially improve for locations receiving adequate seasonal rainfall. Therefore, based on this study, improved N fertilizer application in combination with increased CO2 could improve wheat yield under future climate in most wheat producing regions (with adequate rainfall) of Ethiopia. Our results provide valuable information regarding impacts of climate change factors and adaptation strategies for producers, researchers, extension professionals and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Araya
- Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States.
| | - P V V Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States; Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Sustainable Intensification, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States.
| | - Z Zambreski
- Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - P H Gowda
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Area, Stoneville, MS, United States
| | - I A Ciampitti
- Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Y Assefa
- Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - A Girma
- Mekelle University, Institute of Climate and Society, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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17
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Wang Y, Tao H, Zhang P, Hou X, Sheng D, Tian B, Wang P, Huang S. Reduction in seed set upon exposure to high night temperature during flowering in maize. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:73-82. [PMID: 31747055 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High temperature reduces crop production; however, little is known about the effects of high night temperature (HNT) on the development of male and female reproductive organs, pollination, kernel formation and grain yield in maize (Zea mays L.). Therefore, a temperature-controlled experiment was carried out using heat-sensitive maize hybrid and including three temperature treatments of 32/22°C (day/night; control), 32/26°C and 32/30°C during 14 consecutive days encompassing the flowering stage. When exposed to 30°C night temperature, grain yield and kernel number reduced by 23.8 and 25.1%, respectively, compared with the control. The decrease in grain yield was mainly because of the lower kernel number rather than change in kernel weight under HNT exposure around flowering. No significant differences in grain yield and kernel number were found between 22 and 26°C night temperatures. HNT had no significant effects on the onset of flowering time and anthesis-silking interval but significantly reduced time period of pollen shedding duration and pollen viability, and increased leaf night respiration. Different from high daytime temperature, HNT had no lasting effects on daytime leaf photosynthesis, biomass production and assimilate transportation. From the perspective of source-flow-sink relationship, the unchanged source and flow capacities during daytime are supposed to alleviate the adverse effects on sink strength caused by HNT compared with daytime heat stress. These new findings commendably filled the knowledge gaps concerning heat stress in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongbin Tao
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinfang Hou
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dechang Sheng
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Beijing Tian
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shoubing Huang
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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18
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Clifton-Brown JC, Senior H, Purdy SJ, Horsnell R, Lankamp B, Müennekhoff AK, Virk D, Guillemois E, Chetty V, Cookson A, Girdwood S, Clifton-Brown G, Tan MLMC, Awty-Carroll D, Bentley AR. Investigating the potential of novel non-woven fabrics for efficient pollination control in plant breeding. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204728. [PMID: 30265713 PMCID: PMC6161889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant breeding is achieved through the controlled self- or cross-pollination of individuals and typically involves isolation of floral parts from selected parental plants. Paper, cellulose or synthetic materials are used to avoid self pollination or cross contamination. Low seed set limits the rate of breeding progress and increases costs. We hypothesized that a novel ‘non-woven’ fabric optimal for both pollination and seed set in multiple plant species could be developed. After determining the baseline pollen characteristics and usage requirements we established iterative three phase development and biological testing. This determined (1) that white fabric gave superior seed return and informed the (2) development of three non-woven materials using different fibre and layering techniques. We tested their performance in selfing and hybridisation experiments recording differences in performance by material type within species. Finally we (3) developed further advanced fabrics with increased air permeability and tested biological performance. An interaction between material type and species was observed and environmental decoupling investigated, showing that the non-woven fabrics had superior water vapour transmission and temperature regulation compared to controls. Overall, non-woven fabrics outperformed existing materials for both pollination and seed set and we found that different materials can optimize species-specific, rather than species-generic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Clifton-Brown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah J. Purdy
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Daljit Virk
- PBS International, Scarborough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vera Chetty
- Nonwovens Innovation & Research Institute Ltd, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Cookson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Girdwood
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Gabi Clifton-Brown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Danny Awty-Carroll
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Alison R. Bentley
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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19
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Djanaguiraman M, Perumal R, Jagadish S, Ciampitti I, Welti R, Prasad P. Sensitivity of sorghum pollen and pistil to high-temperature stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1065-1082. [PMID: 29044571 PMCID: PMC5904002 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
High temperature (HT) decreases seed set percentage in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench). The relative sensitivity of pollen and particularly pistil and the mechanistic response that induces tolerance or susceptibility to HT are not well known and hence are the major objectives of this research. The male sterile (ATx399) and fertile (RTx430) lines were exposed to 30/20 °C (optimum temperature), 36/26 °C (HT1 ), and 39/29 °C (HT2 ) from the start of booting to seed set in a controlled environment. Similarly, in the field, HT stress was imposed using heat tents. HT stress decreased pollen germination. Relatively high levels of reactive oxygen species and decreased antioxidant enzyme activity and phospholipid unsaturation were observed in pollen compared to pistil under HT. The severe cell organelle damage was observed in pollen and pistil at 36/26 and 39/29 °C, respectively. The seed set percentage was higher in HT-stressed pistil pollinated with optimum-temperature pollen. Direct and reciprocal crosses indicate that pollen was more sensitive with larger decreases in seed set percentage than pistil under HT stress. The negative impact was greater in pollen than pistil at lower temperatures. Overall, pollen was more sensitive than pistil to HT stress because it is more susceptible to oxidative damage than pistil.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Djanaguiraman
- Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, TN, India
| | - R. Perumal
- Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center, Hays, KS, USA
| | - S.V.K. Jagadish
- Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - I.A. Ciampitti
- Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - R. Welti
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - P.V.V. Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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20
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Qi ZY, Wang KX, Yan MY, Kanwar MK, Li DY, Wijaya L, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P, Zhou J. Melatonin Alleviates High Temperature-Induced Pollen Abortion in Solanum lycopersicum. Molecules 2018; 23:E386. [PMID: 29439470 PMCID: PMC6017144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic signal molecule that plays critical roles in regulating plant growth and development, as well as providing physiological protections against various environmental stresses. Nonetheless, the mechanisms for melatonin-mediated pollen thermotolerance remain largely unknown. In this study, we report that irrigation treatment with melatonin (20 µM) effectively ameliorated high temperature-induced inactivation of pollen and inhibition of pollen germination in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. Melatonin alleviated reactive oxygen species production in tomato anthers under high temperature by the up-regulation of the transcription and activities of several antioxidant enzymes. Transmission electron micrograph results showed that high temperature-induced pollen abortion is associated with a premature degeneration of the tapetum cells and the formation of defective pollen grains with degenerated nuclei at the early uninuclear microspore stage, whilst melatonin protected degradation of organelles by enhancing the expression of heat shock protein genes to refold unfolded proteins and the expression of autophagy-related genes and formation of autophagosomes to degrade denatured proteins. These findings suggest a novel function of melatonin to protect pollen activity under high temperature and support the potential effects of melatonin on reproductive development of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Qi
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Kai-Xin Wang
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Meng-Yu Yan
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Mukesh Kumar Kanwar
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Dao-Yi Li
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing 10083, China.
| | - Leonard Wijaya
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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21
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Sita K, Sehgal A, HanumanthaRao B, Nair RM, Vara Prasad PV, Kumar S, Gaur PM, Farooq M, Siddique KHM, Varshney RK, Nayyar H. Food Legumes and Rising Temperatures: Effects, Adaptive Functional Mechanisms Specific to Reproductive Growth Stage and Strategies to Improve Heat Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1658. [PMID: 29123532 PMCID: PMC5662899 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ambient temperatures are predicted to rise in the future owing to several reasons associated with global climate changes. These temperature increases can result in heat stress- a severe threat to crop production in most countries. Legumes are well-known for their impact on agricultural sustainability as well as their nutritional and health benefits. Heat stress imposes challenges for legume crops and has deleterious effects on the morphology, physiology, and reproductive growth of plants. High-temperature stress at the time of the reproductive stage is becoming a severe limitation for production of grain legumes as their cultivation expands to warmer environments and temperature variability increases due to climate change. The reproductive period is vital in the life cycle of all plants and is susceptible to high-temperature stress as various metabolic processes are adversely impacted during this phase, which reduces crop yield. Food legumes exposed to high-temperature stress during reproduction show flower abortion, pollen and ovule infertility, impaired fertilization, and reduced seed filling, leading to smaller seeds and poor yields. Through various breeding techniques, heat tolerance in major legumes can be enhanced to improve performance in the field. Omics approaches unravel different mechanisms underlying thermotolerance, which is imperative to understand the processes of molecular responses toward high-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Sita
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | - P. V. Vara Prasad
- Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Pooran M. Gaur
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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22
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Valluru R, Reynolds MP, Davies WJ, Sukumaran S. Phenotypic and genome-wide association analysis of spike ethylene in diverse wheat genotypes under heat stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:271-283. [PMID: 27918628 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The gaseous phytohormone ethylene plays an important role in spike development in wheat (Triticum aestivum). However, the genotypic variation and the genomic regions governing spike ethylene (SET) production in wheat under long-term heat stress remain unexplored. We investigated genotypic variation in the production of SET and its relationship with spike dry weight (SDW) in 130 diverse wheat elite lines and landraces under heat-stressed field conditions. We employed an Illumina iSelect 90K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array to identify the genetic loci for SET and SDW through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a subset of the Wheat Association Mapping Initiative (WAMI) panel. The SET and SDW exhibited appreciable genotypic variation among wheat genotypes at the anthesis stage. There was a strong negative correlation between SET and SDW. The GWAS uncovered five and 32 significant SNPs for SET, and 22 and 142 significant SNPs for SDW, in glasshouse and field conditions, respectively. Some of these SNPs closely localized to the SNPs for plant height, suggesting close associations between plant height and spike-related traits. The phenotypic and genetic elucidation of SET and its relationship with SDW supports future efforts toward gene discovery and breeding wheat cultivars with reduced ethylene effects on yield under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Valluru
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan, CP 56237, Mexico
- Plant Biology Department, Lancaster Environment Center, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Matthew P Reynolds
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan, CP 56237, Mexico
| | - William J Davies
- Plant Biology Department, Lancaster Environment Center, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Sivakumar Sukumaran
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan, CP 56237, Mexico
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Rieu I, Twell D, Firon N. Pollen Development at High Temperature: From Acclimation to Collapse. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:1967-1976. [PMID: 28246296 PMCID: PMC5373052 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pollen development at high temperature depends on a fine balance between acclimation and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Rieu
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands (I.R.);
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom (D.T.); and
- Department of Vegetable Research, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (N.F.)
| | - David Twell
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands (I.R.)
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom (D.T.); and
- Department of Vegetable Research, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (N.F.)
| | - Nurit Firon
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands (I.R.)
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom (D.T.); and
- Department of Vegetable Research, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (N.F.)
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24
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Heidmann I, Di Berardino M. Impedance Flow Cytometry as a Tool to Analyze Microspore and Pollen Quality. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1669:339-354. [PMID: 28936669 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7286-9_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Analyzing pollen quality in an efficient and reliable manner is of great importance to the industries involved in seed and fruit production, plant breeding, and plant research. Pollen quality parameters, viability and germination capacity, are analyzed by various staining methods or by in vitro germination assays, respectively. These methods are time-consuming, species-dependent, and require a lab environment. Furthermore, the obtained viability data are often poorly related to in vivo pollen germination and seed set. Here, we describe a quick, label-free method to analyze pollen using microfluidic chips inserted into an impedance flow cytometer (IFC). Using this approach, pollen quality parameters are determined by a single measurement in a species-independent manner. The advantage of this protocol is that pollen viability and germination can be analyzed quickly by a reliable and standardized method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Heidmann
- Acepo, Seyndersloot 20, 1602, HA, Enkhuizen, The Netherlands
- Enza Zaden Research and Development B.V., Enkhuizen, The Netherlands
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25
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Sita K, Sehgal A, HanumanthaRao B, Nair RM, Vara Prasad PV, Kumar S, Gaur PM, Farooq M, Siddique KHM, Varshney RK, Nayyar H. Food Legumes and Rising Temperatures: Effects, Adaptive Functional Mechanisms Specific to Reproductive Growth Stage and Strategies to Improve Heat Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017. [PMID: 29123532 DOI: 10.3389/flps.2017.01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ambient temperatures are predicted to rise in the future owing to several reasons associated with global climate changes. These temperature increases can result in heat stress- a severe threat to crop production in most countries. Legumes are well-known for their impact on agricultural sustainability as well as their nutritional and health benefits. Heat stress imposes challenges for legume crops and has deleterious effects on the morphology, physiology, and reproductive growth of plants. High-temperature stress at the time of the reproductive stage is becoming a severe limitation for production of grain legumes as their cultivation expands to warmer environments and temperature variability increases due to climate change. The reproductive period is vital in the life cycle of all plants and is susceptible to high-temperature stress as various metabolic processes are adversely impacted during this phase, which reduces crop yield. Food legumes exposed to high-temperature stress during reproduction show flower abortion, pollen and ovule infertility, impaired fertilization, and reduced seed filling, leading to smaller seeds and poor yields. Through various breeding techniques, heat tolerance in major legumes can be enhanced to improve performance in the field. Omics approaches unravel different mechanisms underlying thermotolerance, which is imperative to understand the processes of molecular responses toward high-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Sita
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | - P V Vara Prasad
- Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Pooran M Gaur
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Müller F, Xu J, Kristensen L, Wolters-Arts M, de Groot PFM, Jansma SY, Mariani C, Park S, Rieu I. High-Temperature-Induced Defects in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Anther and Pollen Development Are Associated with Reduced Expression of B-Class Floral Patterning Genes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167614. [PMID: 27936079 PMCID: PMC5147909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual reproduction is a critical process in the life-cycle of plants and very sensitive to environmental perturbations. To better understand the effect of high temperature on plant reproduction, we cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants in continuous mild heat. Under this condition we observed a simultaneous reduction in pollen viability and appearance of anthers with pistil-like structures, while in a more thermotolerant genotype, both traits were improved. Ectopic expression of two pistil-specific genes, TRANSMITTING TISSUE SPECIFIC and TOMATO AGAMOUS LIKE11, in the anthers confirmed that the anthers had gained partial pistil identity. Concomitantly, expression of the B-class genes TOMATO APETALA3, TOMATO MADS BOX GENE6 (TM6) and LePISTILLATA was reduced in anthers under continuous mild heat. Plants in which TM6 was partially silenced reacted hypersensitively to temperature elevation with regard to the frequency of pistilloid anthers, pollen viability and pollen quantity. Taken together, these results suggest that high-temperature-induced down-regulation of tomato B-class genes contributes to anther deformations and reduced male fertility. Improving our understanding of how temperature perturbs the molecular mechanisms of anther and pollen development will be important in the view of maintaining agricultural output under current climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Müller
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiemeng Xu
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke Kristensen
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke Wolters-Arts
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter F. M. de Groot
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stuart Y. Jansma
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Celestina Mariani
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sunghun Park
- Department Horticulture and Human Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Ivo Rieu
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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27
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Sidorchuk YV, Kravets EA, Mursalimov SR, Plokhovskaya SG, Goryunova II, Yemets AI, Blume YB, Deineko EV. Efficiency of the induction of cytomixis in the microsporogenesis of dicotyledonous (N. tabacum L.) and monocotyledonous (H. distichum L.) plants by thermal stress. Russ J Dev Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360416060072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Heidmann I, Schade-Kampmann G, Lambalk J, Ottiger M, Di Berardino M. Impedance Flow Cytometry: A Novel Technique in Pollen Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165531. [PMID: 27832091 PMCID: PMC5104384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An efficient and reliable method to estimate plant cell viability, especially of pollen, is important for plant breeding research and plant production processes. Pollen quality is determined by classical methods, like staining techniques or in vitro pollen germination, each having disadvantages with respect to reliability, analysis speed, and species dependency. Analysing single cells based on their dielectric properties by impedance flow cytometry (IFC) has developed into a common method for cellular characterisation in microbiology and medicine during the last decade. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the potential of IFC in plant cell analysis with the focus on pollen. METHOD Developing and mature pollen grains were analysed during their passage through a microfluidic chip to which radio frequencies of 0.5 to 12 MHz were applied. The acquired data provided information about the developmental stage, viability, and germination capacity. The biological relevance of the acquired IFC data was confirmed by classical staining methods, inactivation controls, as well as pollen germination assays. RESULTS Different stages of developing pollen, dead, viable and germinating pollen populations could be detected and quantified by IFC. Pollen viability analysis by classical FDA staining showed a high correlation with IFC data. In parallel, pollen with active germination potential could be discriminated from the dead and the viable but non-germinating population. CONCLUSION The presented data demonstrate that IFC is an efficient, label-free, reliable and non-destructive technique to analyse pollen quality in a species-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Heidmann
- Enza Zaden, Research and Development B.V. P.O. Box 7, 1600AA Enkhuizen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joep Lambalk
- Enza Zaden, Research and Development B.V. P.O. Box 7, 1600AA Enkhuizen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Ottiger
- Amphasys AG, Technopark Lucerne, 6039 Root D4, Switzerland
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29
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Müller F, Rieu I. Acclimation to high temperature during pollen development. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2016; 29:107-18. [PMID: 27067439 PMCID: PMC4909792 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-016-0282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Pollen heat acclimation. As a consequence of global warming, plants have to face more severe and more frequently occurring periods of high temperature stress. While this affects the whole plant, development of the male gametophyte, the pollen, seems to be the most sensitive process. Given the great importance of functioning pollen for the plant life cycle and for agricultural production, it is necessary to understand this sensitivity. While changes in temperature affect different components of all cells and require a cellular response and acclimation, high temperature effects and responses in developing pollen are distinct from vegetative tissues at several points. This could be related to specific physiological characteristics of developing pollen and supporting tissues which make them vulnerable to high temperature, or its derived effects such as ROS accumulation and carbohydrate starvation. But also expression of heat stress-responsive genes shows unique patterns in developing pollen when compared to vegetative tissues that might explain the failure to withstand high temperatures. As an alternative to viewing pollen failure under high temperature as a result of inherent sensitivity of a specific developmental process, we end by discussing whether it might actually be an adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Müller
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo Rieu
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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30
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Abbas M, Hernández-García J, Blázquez MA, Alabadí D. Reduction of IAA methyltransferase activity compensates for high-temperature male sterility in Arabidopsis. N Biotechnol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Chen S, Li H. Heat Stress Regulates the Expression of Genes at Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Levels, Revealed by RNA-seq in Brachypodium distachyon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:2067. [PMID: 28119730 PMCID: PMC5222869 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress greatly affects plant growth/development and influences the output of crops. With the increased occurrence of extreme high temperature, the negative influence on cereal products from heat stress becomes severer and severer. It is urgent to reveal the molecular mechanism in response to heat stress in plants. In this research, we used RNA-seq technology to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves of seedlings, leaves and inflorescences at heading stage of Brachypodium distachyon, one model plant of grasses. Results showed many genes in responding to heat stress. Of them, the expression level of 656 DEGs were altered in three groups of samples treated with high temperature. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the highly enriched DEGs were responsible for heat stress and protein folding. According to KEGG pathway analysis, the DEGs were related mainly to photosynthesis-antenna proteins, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the spliceosome. Additionally, the expression level of 454 transcription factors belonging to 49 gene families was altered, as well as 1,973 splicing events occurred after treatment with high temperature. This research lays a foundation for characterizing the molecular mechanism of heat stress response and identifying key genes for those responses in plants. These findings also clearly show that heat stress regulates the expression of genes not only at transcriptional level, but also at post-transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoukun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational Technical CollegeChangji, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational Technical CollegeChangji, China
- *Correspondence: Haifeng Li,
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32
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Sharma A, Singh MB, Bhalla PL. Ultrastructure of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis in Brachypodium distachyon. PROTOPLASMA 2015; 252:1575-86. [PMID: 25772681 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Brachypodium distachyon has emerged as a model system for forage grass and cereal grain species. Here, we report B. distachyon pollen development at the ultrastructural level. The process of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis in B. distachyon follows the typical angiosperm pollen development sequence. Pronounced evaginations of the nuclear envelope are observed prior to meiosis, indicating active nucleocytoplasmic exchange processes. The microspore mother cells undergo meiosis and subsequent cytokinesis, forming isobilateral tetrads. Following dissolution of the callose wall and release of free and vacuolated microspores, mitotic divisions lead to the formation of mature, three-celled pollen grains. In B. distachyon, pollen wall formation begins at the tetrad stage by the formation of the exine template (primexine). The exine is tectate-columellate, comprising a foot layer and endexine. Development of the tectum and the foot layer is complete by the free microspore stage of development, with the tectum formed discontinuously. The endexine initiates in the free microspore stage but becomes compressed in mature grains. The intine layer is deposited after mitosis and comprises three layers during the mature pollen stage of development. Pore development initiates during early free microspore development stage and Brachypodium pollen has a single germination pore consisting of a slightly raised annulus surrounding a central operculum. The tapetum is of the secretory type with loss of the tapetal cell walls beginning at about the time of microsporocyte meiosis. This is the first report on ultrastructure of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis in B. distachyon. In general, Brachypodium microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis conform to a typical grass pollen development pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Sharma
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mohan B Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Prem L Bhalla
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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33
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Burke JJ, Chen J. Enhancement of reproductive heat tolerance in plants. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122933. [PMID: 25849955 PMCID: PMC4388472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparison of average crop yields with reported record yields has shown that major crops exhibit annual average yields three- to seven-fold lower than record yields because of unfavorable environments. The current study investigated the enhancement of pollen heat tolerance through expressing an Arabidopsis thaliana heat shock protein 101 (AtHSP101) that is not normally expressed in pollen but reported to play a crucial role in vegetative thermotolerance. The AtHSP101 construct under the control of the constitutive ocs/mas 'superpromoter' was transformed into cotton Coker 312 and tobacco SRI lines via Agrobacterium mediated transformation. Thermotolerance of pollen was evaluated by in vitro pollen germination studies. Comparing with those of wild type and transgenic null lines, pollen from AtHSP101 transgenic tobacco and cotton lines exhibited significantly higher germination rate and much greater pollen tube elongation under elevated temperatures or after a heat exposure. In addition, significant increases in boll set and seed numbers were also observed in transgenic cotton lines exposed to elevated day and night temperatures in both greenhouse and field studies. The results of this study suggest that enhancing heat tolerance of reproductive tissues in plant holds promise in the development of crops with improved yield production and yield sustainability in unfavorable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Burke
- USDA-ARS Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, 3810 4 Street, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Junping Chen
- USDA-ARS Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, 3810 4 Street, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
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34
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Lavania D, Dhingra A, Siddiqui MH, Al-Whaibi MH, Grover A. Current status of the production of high temperature tolerant transgenic crops for cultivation in warmer climates. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 86:100-108. [PMID: 25438142 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is resulting in heightened incidences of plant heat stress episodes. Production of transgenic crops with enhanced heat stress tolerance is a highly desired agronomic trait for the sustainability of food production in 21st century. We review the current status of our understanding of the high temperature stress response of plants. We specifically deliberate on the progress made in altering levels of heat shock proteins (Hsp100, Hsp70/Hsp40 and sHsps), heat shock factors and specific metabolic proteins in improving plant tolerance to heat stress by transgenic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Lavania
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
| | - Anuradha Dhingra
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed H Al-Whaibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Anil Grover
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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Paupière MJ, van Heusden AW, Bovy AG. The metabolic basis of pollen thermo-tolerance: perspectives for breeding. Metabolites 2014; 4:889-920. [PMID: 25271355 PMCID: PMC4279151 DOI: 10.3390/metabo4040889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop production is highly sensitive to elevated temperatures. A rise of a few degrees above the optimum growing temperature can lead to a dramatic yield loss. A predicted increase of 1-3 degrees in the twenty first century urges breeders to develop thermo-tolerant crops which are tolerant to high temperatures. Breeding for thermo-tolerance is a challenge due to the low heritability of this trait. A better understanding of heat stress tolerance and the development of reliable methods to phenotype thermo-tolerance are key factors for a successful breeding approach. Plant reproduction is the most temperature-sensitive process in the plant life cycle. More precisely, pollen quality is strongly affected by heat stress conditions. High temperature leads to a decrease of pollen viability which is directly correlated with a loss of fruit production. The reduction in pollen viability is associated with changes in the level and composition of several (groups of) metabolites, which play an important role in pollen development, for example by contributing to pollen nutrition or by providing protection to environmental stresses. This review aims to underline the importance of maintaining metabolite homeostasis during pollen development, in order to produce mature and fertile pollen under high temperature. The review will give an overview of the current state of the art on the role of various pollen metabolites in pollen homeostasis and thermo-tolerance. Their possible use as metabolic markers to assist breeding programs for plant thermo-tolerance will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine J Paupière
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708PB, The Netherlands.
| | - Adriaan W van Heusden
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University Plant Breeding, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708PB, The Netherlands.
| | - Arnaud G Bovy
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University Plant Breeding, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708PB, The Netherlands.
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36
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Bagavathiannan MV, Norsworthy JK. Pollen-mediated transfer of herbicide resistance in Echinochloa crus-galli. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2014; 70:1425-1431. [PMID: 24623467 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pollen-mediated gene flow (PMGF) can facilitate the dispersal and spread of herbicide resistance from one weed population to another within an agricultural landscape. The aim of this study was to quantify the extent of PMGF in Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyardgrass), an important herbicide-resistant weed species in the United States and across the world. RESULTS Gene flow declined exponentially with distance, and the double exponential decay model predicted an average gene flow of 5.6% when the pollen donor and recipient plants were at a close distance of 0.25 m from each other (12.5% at 0 m). Gene flow declined by 90% at 0.9 m from the pollen source, yet gene flow was detected as far as 50 m (the farthest distance studied). The farthest gene flow occurred in directions of the fastest wind events, but mean gene flow levels were similar among the directions. CONCLUSION Results indicate that long-distance, landscape-scale PMGF is unlikely in barnyardgrass, but gene flow is likely to occur between adjacent fields at levels greater than initial frequencies of resistance alleles in natural, unselected populations. Thus, any resistance management strategy should consider the likelihood that PMGF can contribute to the spread of herbicide resistance between production fields.
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