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Wright TIC, Horsnell R, Love B, Burridge AJ, Gardner KA, Jackson R, Leigh FJ, Ligeza A, Heuer S, Bentley AR, Howell P. A new winter wheat genetic resource harbors untapped diversity from synthetic hexaploid wheat. Theor Appl Genet 2024; 137:73. [PMID: 38451354 PMCID: PMC10920491 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The NIAB_WW_SHW_NAM population, a large nested association mapping panel, is a useful resource for mapping QTL from synthetic hexaploid wheat that can improve modern elite wheat cultivars. The allelic richness harbored in progenitors of hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a useful resource for addressing the genetic diversity bottleneck in modern cultivars. Synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) is created through resynthesis of the hybridisation events between the tetraploid (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum Desf.) and diploid (Aegilops tauschii Coss.) bread wheat progenitors. We developed a large and diverse winter wheat nested association mapping (NAM) population (termed the NIAB_WW_SHW_NAM) consisting of 3241 genotypes derived from 54 nested back-cross 1 (BC1) populations, each formed via back-crossing a different primary SHW into the UK winter wheat cultivar 'Robigus'. The primary SHW lines were created using 15 T. durum donors and 47 Ae. tauschii accessions that spanned the lineages and geographical range of the species. Primary SHW parents were typically earlier flowering, taller and showed better resistance to yellow rust infection (Yr) than 'Robigus'. The NIAB_WW_SHW_NAM population was genotyped using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and 27 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for flowering time, plant height and Yr resistance. Across multiple field trials, a QTL for Yr resistance was found on chromosome 4D that corresponded to the Yr28 resistance gene previously reported in other SHW lines. These results demonstrate the value of the NIAB_WW_SHW_NAM population for genetic mapping and provide the first evidence of Yr28 working in current UK environments and genetic backgrounds. These examples, coupled with the evidence of commercial wheat breeders selecting promising genotypes, highlight the potential value of the NIAB_WW_SHW_NAM to variety improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tally I C Wright
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK.
| | - Richard Horsnell
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Bethany Love
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | | | - Keith A Gardner
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan, Mexico
| | - Robert Jackson
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Fiona J Leigh
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Aleksander Ligeza
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
- Processors and Growers Research Organization (PGRO), The Research Station, Thornhaugh, Peterborough, PE8 6HJ, UK
| | - Sigrid Heuer
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Alison R Bentley
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Philip Howell
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
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Horsnell R, Leigh FJ, Wright TIC, Burridge AJ, Ligeza A, Przewieslik-Allen AM, Howell P, Uauy C, Edwards KJ, Bentley AR. A wheat chromosome segment substitution line series supports characterization and use of progenitor genetic variation. Plant Genome 2024; 17:e20288. [PMID: 36718796 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide introgression and substitution lines have been developed in many plant species, enhancing mapping precision, gene discovery, and the identification and exploitation of variation from wild relatives. Created over multiple generations of crossing and/or backcrossing accompanied by marker-assisted selection, the resulting introgression lines are a fixed genetic resource. In this study we report the development of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) generated to systematically capture genetic variation from tetraploid (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) and diploid (Aegilops tauschii) progenitor species. Generated in a common genetic background over four generations of backcrossing, this is a base resource for the mapping and characterization of wheat progenitor variation. To facilitate further exploitation the final population was genetically characterized using a high-density genotyping array and a range of agronomic and grain traits assessed to demonstrate the potential use of the populations for trait localization in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Horsnell
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona J Leigh
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tally I C Wright
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Aleksander Ligeza
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Philip Howell
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cristobal Uauy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Alison R Bentley
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, UK
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan, Mexico
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Scott MF, Fradgley N, Bentley AR, Brabbs T, Corke F, Gardner KA, Horsnell R, Howell P, Ladejobi O, Mackay IJ, Mott R, Cockram J. Limited haplotype diversity underlies polygenic trait architecture across 70 years of wheat breeding. Genome Biol 2021; 22:137. [PMID: 33957956 PMCID: PMC8101041 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selection has dramatically shaped genetic and phenotypic variation in bread wheat. We can assess the genomic basis of historical phenotypic changes, and the potential for future improvement, using experimental populations that attempt to undo selection through the randomizing effects of recombination. Results We bred the NIAB Diverse MAGIC multi-parent population comprising over 500 recombinant inbred lines, descended from sixteen historical UK bread wheat varieties released between 1935 and 2004. We sequence the founders’ genes and promoters by capture, and the MAGIC population by low-coverage whole-genome sequencing. We impute 1.1 M high-quality SNPs that are over 99% concordant with array genotypes. Imputation accuracy only marginally improves when including the founders’ genomes as a haplotype reference panel. Despite capturing 73% of global wheat genetic polymorphism, 83% of genes cluster into no more than three haplotypes. We phenotype 47 agronomic traits over 2 years and map 136 genome-wide significant associations, concentrated at 42 genetic loci with large and often pleiotropic effects. Around half of these overlap known quantitative trait loci. Most traits exhibit extensive polygenicity, as revealed by multi-locus shrinkage modelling. Conclusions Our results are consistent with a gene pool of low haplotypic diversity, containing few novel loci of large effect. Most past, and projected future, phenotypic changes arising from existing variation involve fine-scale shuffling of a few haplotypes to recombine dozens of polygenic alleles of small effect. Moreover, extensive pleiotropy means selection on one trait will have unintended consequences, exemplified by the negative trade-off between yield and protein content, unless selection and recombination can break unfavorable trait-trait associations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-021-02354-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Scott
- University College London (UCL) Genetics Institute, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.,Current address: School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Nick Fradgley
- National Institute for Agricultural Botany (NIAB), 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Alison R Bentley
- National Institute for Agricultural Botany (NIAB), 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK.,Current address: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batán, Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | - Fiona Corke
- The National Plant Phenomics Centre, Institute of Biological, Rural and Environmental Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Keith A Gardner
- National Institute for Agricultural Botany (NIAB), 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Richard Horsnell
- National Institute for Agricultural Botany (NIAB), 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Phil Howell
- National Institute for Agricultural Botany (NIAB), 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | | | - Ian J Mackay
- National Institute for Agricultural Botany (NIAB), 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK.,Current address: SRUC, Peter Wilson Building King's Buildings, W Mains Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Richard Mott
- University College London (UCL) Genetics Institute, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - James Cockram
- National Institute for Agricultural Botany (NIAB), 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK.
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Przewieslik-Allen AM, Wilkinson PA, Burridge AJ, Winfield MO, Dai X, Beaumont M, King J, Yang CY, Griffiths S, Wingen LU, Horsnell R, Bentley AR, Shewry P, Barker GLA, Edwards KJ. The role of gene flow and chromosomal instability in shaping the bread wheat genome. Nat Plants 2021; 7:172-183. [PMID: 33526912 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00845-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the world's most important crops; however, a low level of genetic diversity within commercial breeding accessions can significantly limit breeding potential. In contrast, wheat relatives exhibit considerable genetic variation and so potentially provide a valuable source of novel alleles for use in breeding new cultivars. Historically, gene flow between wheat and its relatives may have contributed novel alleles to the bread wheat pangenome. To assess the contribution made by wheat relatives to genetic diversity in bread wheat, we used markers based on single nucleotide polymorphisms to compare bread wheat accessions, created in the past 150 years, with 45 related species. We show that many bread wheat accessions share near-identical haplotype blocks with close relatives of wheat's diploid and tetraploid progenitors, while some show evidence of introgressions from more distant species and structural variation between accessions. Hence, introgressions and chromosomal rearrangements appear to have made a major contribution to genetic diversity in cultivar collections. As gene flow from relatives to bread wheat is an ongoing process, we assess the impact that introgressions might have on future breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul A Wilkinson
- Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Xiaoyang Dai
- Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Julie King
- Plant Sciences Building, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Cai-Yun Yang
- Plant Sciences Building, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | | | | | | | - Alison R Bentley
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batán, Mexico
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Clifton-Brown JC, Senior H, Purdy SJ, Horsnell R, Lankamp B, Müennekhoff AK, Virk D, Guillemois E, Chetty V, Cookson A, Girdwood S, Clifton-Brown G, Tan MLMC, Awty-Carroll D, Bentley AR. Investigating the potential of novel non-woven fabrics for efficient pollination control in plant breeding. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204728. [PMID: 30265713 PMCID: PMC6161889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant breeding is achieved through the controlled self- or cross-pollination of individuals and typically involves isolation of floral parts from selected parental plants. Paper, cellulose or synthetic materials are used to avoid self pollination or cross contamination. Low seed set limits the rate of breeding progress and increases costs. We hypothesized that a novel ‘non-woven’ fabric optimal for both pollination and seed set in multiple plant species could be developed. After determining the baseline pollen characteristics and usage requirements we established iterative three phase development and biological testing. This determined (1) that white fabric gave superior seed return and informed the (2) development of three non-woven materials using different fibre and layering techniques. We tested their performance in selfing and hybridisation experiments recording differences in performance by material type within species. Finally we (3) developed further advanced fabrics with increased air permeability and tested biological performance. An interaction between material type and species was observed and environmental decoupling investigated, showing that the non-woven fabrics had superior water vapour transmission and temperature regulation compared to controls. Overall, non-woven fabrics outperformed existing materials for both pollination and seed set and we found that different materials can optimize species-specific, rather than species-generic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Clifton-Brown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah J. Purdy
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Daljit Virk
- PBS International, Scarborough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vera Chetty
- Nonwovens Innovation & Research Institute Ltd, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Cookson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Girdwood
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Gabi Clifton-Brown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Danny Awty-Carroll
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Alison R. Bentley
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Novoselović D, Bentley AR, Šimek R, Dvojković K, Sorrells ME, Gosman N, Horsnell R, Drezner G, Šatović Z. Characterizing Croatian Wheat Germplasm Diversity and Structure in a European Context by DArT Markers. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:184. [PMID: 26941756 PMCID: PMC4761793 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Narrowing the genetic base available for future genetic progress is a major concern to plant breeders. In order to avoid this, strategies to characterize and protect genetic diversity in regional breeding pools are required. In this study, 89 winter wheat cultivars released in Croatia between 1936 and 2006 were genotyped using 1,229 DArT (diversity array technology) markers to assess the diversity and population structure. In order to place Croatian breeding pool (CBP) in a European context, Croatian wheat cultivars were compared to 523 European cultivars from seven countries using a total of 166 common DArT markers. The results show higher genetic diversity in the wheat breeding pool from Central Europe (CE) as compared to that from Northern and Western European (NWE) countries. The most of the genetic diversity was attributable to the differences among cultivars within countries. When the geographical criterion (CE vs. NWE) was applied, highly significant difference between regions was obtained that accounted for 16.19% of the total variance, revealing that the CBP represents genetic variation not currently captured in elite European wheat. The current study emphasizes the important contribution made by plant breeders to maintaining wheat genetic diversity and suggests that regional breeding is essential to the maintenance of this diversity. The usefulness of open-access wheat datasets is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Novoselović
- Department for Breeding & Genetics of Small Cereal Crops, Agricultural Institute OsijekOsijek, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant BreedingZagreb, Croatia
| | - Alison R. Bentley
- The John Bingham Laboratory, National Institute of Agricultural BotanyCambridge, UK
| | - Ruđer Šimek
- Department for Breeding & Genetics of Small Cereal Crops, Agricultural Institute OsijekOsijek, Croatia
- *Correspondence: Ruđer Šimek,
| | - Krešimir Dvojković
- Department for Breeding & Genetics of Small Cereal Crops, Agricultural Institute OsijekOsijek, Croatia
| | - Mark E. Sorrells
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, IthacaNY, USA
| | | | - Richard Horsnell
- The John Bingham Laboratory, National Institute of Agricultural BotanyCambridge, UK
| | - Georg Drezner
- Department for Breeding & Genetics of Small Cereal Crops, Agricultural Institute OsijekOsijek, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Šatović
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant BreedingZagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of ZagrebZagreb, Croatia
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Bentley AR, Scutari M, Gosman N, Faure S, Bedford F, Howell P, Cockram J, Rose GA, Barber T, Irigoyen J, Horsnell R, Pumfrey C, Winnie E, Schacht J, Beauchêne K, Praud S, Greenland A, Balding D, Mackay IJ. Applying association mapping and genomic selection to the dissection of key traits in elite European wheat. Theor Appl Genet 2014; 127:2619-33. [PMID: 25273129 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-014-2403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We show the application of association mapping and genomic selection for key breeding targets using a large panel of elite winter wheat varieties and a large volume of agronomic data. The heightening urgency to increase wheat production in line with the needs of a growing population, and in the face of climatic uncertainty, mean new approaches, including association mapping (AM) and genomic selection (GS) need to be validated and applied in wheat breeding. Key adaptive responses are the cornerstone of regional breeding. There is evidence that new ideotypes for long-standing traits such as flowering time may be required. In order to detect targets for future marker-assisted improvement and validate the practical application of GS for wheat breeding we genotyped 376 elite wheat varieties with 3,046 DArT, single nucleotide polymorphism and gene markers and measured seven traits in replicated yield trials over 2 years in France, Germany and the UK. The scale of the phenotyping exceeds the breadth of previous AM and GS studies in these key economic wheat production regions of Northern Europe. Mixed-linear modelling (MLM) detected significant marker-trait associations across and within regions. Genomic prediction using elastic net gave low to high prediction accuracies depending on the trait, and could be experimentally increased by modifying the constituents of the training population (TP). We also tested the use of differentially penalised regression to integrate candidate gene and genome-wide markers to predict traits, demonstrating the validity and simplicity of this approach. Overall, our results suggest that whilst AM offers potential for application in both research and breeding, GS represents an exciting opportunity to select key traits, and that optimisation of the TP is crucial to its successful implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Bentley
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK,
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Jones H, Gosman N, Horsnell R, Rose GA, Everest LA, Bentley AR, Tha S, Uauy C, Kowalski A, Novoselovic D, Simek R, Kobiljski B, Kondic-Spika A, Brbaklic L, Mitrofanova O, Chesnokov Y, Bonnett D, Greenland A. Strategy for exploiting exotic germplasm using genetic, morphological, and environmental diversity: the Aegilops tauschii Coss. example. Theor Appl Genet 2013; 126:1793-808. [PMID: 23558983 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hexaploid bread wheat evolved from a rare hybridisation, which resulted in a loss of genetic diversity in the wheat D-genome with respect to the ancestral donor, Aegilops tauschii. Novel genetic variation can be introduced into modern wheat by recreating the above hybridisation; however, the information associated with the Ae. tauschii accessions in germplasm collections is limited, making rational selection of accessions into a re-synthesis programme difficult. We describe methodologies to identify novel diversity from Ae. tauschii accessions that combines Bayesian analysis of genotypic data, sub-species diversity and geographic information that summarises variation in climate and habitat at the collection point for each accession. Comparisons were made between diversity discovered amongst a panel of Ae. tauschii accessions, bread wheat varieties and lines from the CIMMYT synthetic hexaploid wheat programme. The selection of Ae. tauschii accessions based on differing approaches had significant effect on diversity within each set. Our results suggest that a strategy that combines several criteria will be most effective in maximising the sampled variation across multiple parameters. The analysis of multiple layers of variation in ex situ Ae. tauschii collections allows for an informed and rational approach to the inclusion of wild relatives into crop breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jones
- NIAB, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB1 0LE, UK.
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Bentley AR, Horsnell R, Werner CP, Turner AS, Rose GA, Bedard C, Howell P, Wilhelm EP, Mackay IJ, Howells RM, Greenland A, Laurie DA, Gosman N. Short, natural, and extended photoperiod response in BC2F4 lines of bread wheat with different photoperiod-1 (Ppd-1) alleles. J Exp Bot 2013; 64:1783-93. [PMID: 23420880 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is a critical period in the life cycle of flowering plant species, resulting in an irreversible commitment of significant resources. Wheat is photoperiod sensitive, flowering only when daylength surpasses a critical length; however, photoperiod insensitivity (PI) has been selected by plant breeders for >40 years to enhance yield in certain environments. Control of flowering time has been greatly facilitated by the development of molecular markers for the Photoperiod-1 (Ppd-1) homeoloci, on the group 2 chromosomes. In the current study, an allelic series of BC2F4 lines in the winter wheat cultivars 'Robigus' and 'Alchemy' was developed to elucidate the influence on flowering of eight gene variants from the B- and D-genomes of bread wheat and the A-genome of durum wheat. Allele effects were tested in short, natural, and extended photoperiods in the field and controlled environments. Across genetic background and treatment, the D-genome PI allele, Ppd-D1a, had a more potent effect on reducing flowering time than Ppd-B1a. However, there was significant donor allele effect for both Ppd-D1a and Ppd-B1a, suggesting the presence of linked modifier genes and/or additional sources of latent sensitivity. Development of Ppd-A1a BC2F4 lines derived from synthetic hexaploid wheat provided an opportunity to compare directly the flowering time effect of the A-genome allele from durum with the B- and D-genome variants from bread wheat for the first time. Analyses indicated that the reducing effect of Ppd-A1a is comparable with that of Ppd-D1a, confirming it as a useful alternative source of PI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Bentley
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK.
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