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Kuznetsova X, Dodueva I, Afonin A, Gribchenko E, Danilov L, Gancheva M, Tvorogova V, Galynin N, Lutova L. Whole-Genome Sequencing and Analysis of Tumour-Forming Radish ( Raphanus sativus L.) Line. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6236. [PMID: 38892425 PMCID: PMC11172632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous tumour formation in higher plants can occur in the absence of pathogen invasion, depending on the plant genotype. Spontaneous tumour formation on the taproots is consistently observed in certain inbred lines of radish (Raphanus sativus var. radicula Pers.). In this paper, using Oxford Nanopore and Illumina technologies, we have sequenced the genomes of two closely related radish inbred lines that differ in their ability to spontaneously form tumours. We identified a large number of single nucleotide variants (amino acid substitutions, insertions or deletions, SNVs) that are likely to be associated with the spontaneous tumour formation. Among the genes involved in the trait, we have identified those that regulate the cell cycle, meristem activity, gene expression, and metabolism and signalling of phytohormones. After identifying the SNVs, we performed Sanger sequencing of amplicons corresponding to SNV-containing regions to validate our results. We then checked for the presence of SNVs in other tumour lines of the radish genetic collection and found the ERF118 gene, which had the SNVs in the majority of tumour lines. Furthermore, we performed the identification of the CLAVATA3/ESR (CLE) and WUSCHEL (WOX) genes and, as a result, identified two unique radish CLE genes which probably encode proteins with multiple CLE domains. The results obtained provide a basis for investigating the mechanisms of plant tumour formation and also for future genetic and genomic studies of radish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Kuznetsova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (I.D.); (L.D.); (V.T.); (N.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Irina Dodueva
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (I.D.); (L.D.); (V.T.); (N.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Alexey Afonin
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 190608 Saint Petersburg, Russia (E.G.)
| | - Emma Gribchenko
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 190608 Saint Petersburg, Russia (E.G.)
| | - Lavrentii Danilov
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (I.D.); (L.D.); (V.T.); (N.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Maria Gancheva
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (I.D.); (L.D.); (V.T.); (N.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Varvara Tvorogova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (I.D.); (L.D.); (V.T.); (N.G.); (L.L.)
- Plant Biology and Biotechnology Department, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Avenue, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Nikita Galynin
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (I.D.); (L.D.); (V.T.); (N.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Lyudmila Lutova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (I.D.); (L.D.); (V.T.); (N.G.); (L.L.)
- Plant Biology and Biotechnology Department, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Avenue, 354340 Sochi, Russia
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Zhang ZB, Xiong T, Wang XJ, Chen YR, Wang JL, Guo CL, Ye ZY. Lineage-specific gene duplication and expansion of DUF1216 gene family in Brassicaceae. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302292. [PMID: 38626181 PMCID: PMC11020792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins containing domain of unknown function (DUF) are prevalent in eukaryotic genome. The DUF1216 proteins possess a conserved DUF1216 domain resembling to the mediator protein of Arabidopsis RNA polymerase II transcriptional subunit-like protein. The DUF1216 family are specifically existed in Brassicaceae, however, no comprehensive evolutionary analysis of DUF1216 genes have been performed. We performed a first comprehensive genome-wide analysis of DUF1216 proteins in Brassicaceae. Totally 284 DUF1216 genes were identified in 27 Brassicaceae species and classified into four subfamilies on the basis of phylogenetic analysis. The analysis of gene structure and conserved motifs revealed that DUF1216 genes within the same subfamily exhibited similar intron/exon patterns and motif composition. The majority members of DUF1216 genes contain a signal peptide in the N-terminal, and the ninth position of the signal peptide in most DUF1216 is cysteine. Synteny analysis revealed that segmental duplication is a major mechanism for expanding of DUF1216 genes in Brassica oleracea, Brassica juncea, Brassica napus, Lepidium meyneii, and Brassica carinata, while in Arabidopsis thaliana and Capsella rubella, tandem duplication plays a major role in the expansion of the DUF1216 gene family. The analysis of Ka/Ks (non-synonymous substitution rate/synonymous substitution rate) ratios for DUF1216 paralogous indicated that most of gene pairs underwent purifying selection. DUF1216 genes displayed a specifically high expression in reproductive tissues in most Brassicaceae species, while its expression in Brassica juncea was specifically high in root. Our studies offered new insights into the phylogenetic relationships, gene structures and expressional patterns of DUF1216 members in Brassicaceae, which provides a foundation for future functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Bao Zhang
- School of Life and Health Science, Huzhou College, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Wang
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Rui Chen
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Jing-Lei Wang
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Cong-Li Guo
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Zi-Yi Ye
- School of Life and Health Science, Huzhou College, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Vera-Maldonado P, Aquea F, Reyes-Díaz M, Cárcamo-Fincheira P, Soto-Cerda B, Nunes-Nesi A, Inostroza-Blancheteau C. Role of boron and its interaction with other elements in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1332459. [PMID: 38410729 PMCID: PMC10895714 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1332459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Boron (B) is an essential microelement for plants, and its deficiency can lead to impaired development and function. Around 50% of arable land in the world is acidic, and low pH in the soil solution decreases availability of several essential mineral elements, including B, magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K). Plants take up soil B in the form of boric acid (H3BO3) in acidic soil or tetrahydroxy borate [B(OH)4]- at neutral or alkaline pH. Boron can participate directly or indirectly in plant metabolism, including in the synthesis of the cell wall and plasma membrane, in carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and in the formation of ribonucleic acid (RNA). In addition, B interacts with other nutrients such as Ca, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), K, and zinc (Zn). In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of B uptake, absorption, and accumulation and its interactions with other elements, and how it contributes to the adaptation of plants to different environmental conditions. We also discuss potential B-mediated networks at the physiological and molecular levels involved in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vera-Maldonado
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Felipe Aquea
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marjorie Reyes-Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Paz Cárcamo-Fincheira
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Braulio Soto-Cerda
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Nucleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Nucleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
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Lopes AL, Moreira D, Pereira AM, Ferraz R, Mendes S, Pereira LG, Colombo L, Coimbra S. AGPs as molecular determinants of reproductive development. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:827-838. [PMID: 36945741 PMCID: PMC10184450 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Morphogenesis occurs through accurate interaction between essential players to generate highly specialized plant organs. Fruit structure and function are triggered by a neat transcriptional control involving distinct regulator genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) or signalling proteins, such as the C2H2/C2HC zinc-finger NO TRANSMITTING TRACT (NTT) or the MADS-box protein SEEDSTICK (STK), which are important in setting plant reproductive competence, feasibly by affecting cell wall polysaccharide and lipid distribution. Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are major components of the cell wall and are thought to be involved in the reproductive process as important players in specific stages of development. The detection of AGPs epitopes in reproductive tissues of NTT and other fruit development-related TFs, such as MADS-box proteins including SHATTERPROOF1 (SHP1), SHP2 and STK, was the focus of this study. METHODS We used fluorescence microscopy to perform immunolocalization analyses on stk and ntt single mutants, on the ntt stk double mutant and on the stk shp1 shp2 triple mutant using specific anti-AGP monoclonal antibodies. In these mutants, the expression levels of selected AGP genes were also measured by quantitative real-time PCR and compared with the respective expression in wild-type (WT) plants. KEY RESULTS The present immunolocalization study collects information on the distribution patterns of specific AGPs in Arabidopsis female reproductive tissues, complemented by the quantification of AGP expression levels, comparing WT, stk and ntt single mutants, the ntt stk double mutant and the stk shp1 shp2 triple mutant. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal distinct AGP distribution patterns in different developmental mutants related to the female reproductive unit in Arabidopsis. The value of the immunofluorescence labelling technique is highlighted in this study as an invaluable tool to dissect the remodelling nature of the cell wall in developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Lopes
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute – BioISI, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Moreira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Marta Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Mendes
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Gustavo Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- GreenUPorto Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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5
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Moreira D, Kaur D, Pereira AM, Held MA, Showalter AM, Coimbra S. Type II arabinogalactans initiated by hydroxyproline-O-galactosyltransferases play important roles in pollen-pistil interactions. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:371-389. [PMID: 36775989 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins containing a high sugar content and are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. AGPs have long been suggested to play important roles in sexual plant reproduction. The synthesis of their complex carbohydrates is initiated by a family of hydroxyproline galactosyltransferase (Hyp-GALT) enzymes which add the first galactose to Hyp residues in the protein backbone. Eight Hyp-GALT enzymes have been identified so far, and in the present work a mutant affecting five of these enzymes (galt2galt5galt7galt8galt9) was analyzed regarding the reproductive process. The galt25789 mutant presented a low seed set, and reciprocal crosses indicated a significant female gametophytic contribution to this mutant phenotype. Mutant ovules revealed abnormal callose accumulation inside the embryo sac and integument defects at the micropylar region culminating in defects in pollen tube reception. In addition, immunolocalization and biochemical analyses allowed the detection of a reduction in the amount of glucuronic acid in mutant ovary AGPs. Dramatically low amounts of high-molecular-weight Hyp-O-glycosides obtained following size exclusion chromatography of base-hydrolyzed mutant AGPs compared to the wild type indicated the presence of underglycosylated AGPs in the galt25789 mutant, while the monosaccharide composition of these Hyp-O-glycosides displayed no significant changes compared to the wild-type Hyp-O-glycosides. The present work demonstrates the functional importance of the carbohydrate moieties of AGPs in ovule development and pollen-pistil interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Moreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dasmeet Kaur
- Department of Environmental & Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701-2979, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
| | - Ana Marta Pereira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Michael A Held
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
| | - Allan M Showalter
- Department of Environmental & Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701-2979, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
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Leszczuk A, Kalaitzis P, Kulik J, Zdunek A. Review: structure and modifications of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:45. [PMID: 36670377 PMCID: PMC9854139 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this report is to provide general information on the molecular structure and synthesis of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in association to their physiological significance. Assessment of genetic modifications of the activity of enzymes involved in the AGP biosynthesis is an efficient tool to study AGP functions. Thus, P4H (prolyl 4 hydroxylase) mutants, GLCAT (β-glucuronosyltransferase) mutants, and GH43 (glycoside hydrolase family 43) mutants have been described. We focused on the overview of AGPs modifications observed at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels. Inhibition of the hydroxylation process results in an increase in the intensity of cell divisions and thus, has an impact on root system length and leaf area. In turn, overexpression of P4H genes stimulates the density of root hairs. A mutation in GLCAT genes responsible for the transfer of glucuronic acid to the AGP molecule revealed that the reduction of GlcA in AGP disrupts the substantial assembly of the primary cell wall. Furthermore, silencing of genes encoding GH43, which has the ability to hydrolyze the AGP glycan by removing incorrectly synthesized β-1,3-galactans, induces changes in the abundance of other cell wall constituents, which finally leads to root growth defects. This information provides insight into AGPs as a crucial players in the structural interactions present in the plant extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Leszczuk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Panagiotis Kalaitzis
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, P.O. Box 85, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Joanna Kulik
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
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Moreira D, Lopes AL, Silva J, Ferreira MJ, Pinto SC, Mendes S, Pereira LG, Coimbra S, Pereira AM. New insights on the expression patterns of specific Arabinogalactan proteins in reproductive tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1083098. [PMID: 36531351 PMCID: PMC9755587 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1083098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins containing a high proportion of carbohydrates, widely distributed in the plant kingdom and ubiquitously present in land plants. AGPs have long been suggested to play important roles in plant reproduction and there is already evidence that specific glycoproteins are essential for male and female gametophyte development, pollen tube growth and guidance, and successful fertilization. However, the functions of many of these proteins have yet to be uncovered, mainly due to the difficulty to study individual AGPs. In this work, we generated molecular tools to analyze the expression patterns of a subgroup of individual AGPs in different Arabidopsis tissues, focusing on reproductive processes. This study focused on six AGPs: four classical AGPs (AGP7, AGP25, AGP26, AGP27), one AG peptide (AGP24) and one chimeric AGP (AGP31). These AGPs were first selected based on their predicted expression patterns along the reproductive tissues from available RNA-seq data. Promoter analysis using β-glucuronidase fusions and qPCR in different Arabidopsis tissues allowed to confirm these predictions. AGP7 was mainly expressed in female reproductive tissues, more precisely in the style, funiculus, and integuments near the micropyle region. AGP25 was found to be expressed in the style, septum and ovules with higher expression in the chalaza and funiculus tissues. AGP26 was present in the ovules and pistil valves. AGP27 was expressed in the transmitting tissue, septum and funiculus during seed development. AGP24 was expressed in pollen grains, in mature embryo sacs, with highest expression at the chalazal pole and in the micropyle. AGP31 was expressed in the mature embryo sac with highest expression at the chalaza and, occasionally, in the micropyle. For all these AGPs a co-expression analysis was performed providing new hints on its possible functions. This work confirmed the detection in Arabidopsis male and female tissues of six AGPs never studied before regarding the reproductive process. These results provide novel evidence on the possible involvement of specific AGPs in plant reproduction, as strong candidates to participate in pollen-pistil interactions in an active way, which is significant for this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Moreira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV) Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Lúcia Lopes
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute – BioISI, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jessy Silva
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV) Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria João Ferreira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV) Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Cristina Pinto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV) Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Mendes
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV) Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Gustavo Pereira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV) Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Marta Pereira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV) Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Cha OK, Yang S, Lee H. Transcriptomics Using the Enriched Arabidopsis Shoot Apex Reveals Developmental Priming Genes Involved in Plastic Plant Growth under Salt Stress Conditions. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192546. [PMID: 36235412 PMCID: PMC9570865 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the shoot apical meristem (SAM), the homeostasis of the stem cell population supplying new cells for organ formation is likely a key mechanism of multicellular plant growth and development. As plants are sessile organisms and constantly encounter environmental abiotic stresses, postembryonic development from the shoot stem cell population must be considered with surrounding abiotic stresses for plant adaptation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for plant adaptation remain unclear. Previous studies found that the stem-cell-related mutant clv3-2 has the property of salt tolerance without the differential response of typical stress-responsive genes compared to those in WT Ler. Based on these facts, we hypothesized that shoot meristems contain developmental priming genes having comprehensively converged functions involved in abiotic stress response and development. To better understand the biological process of developmental priming genes in the SAM, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and transcriptome analysis through comparing genome-wide gene expression profiles between enriched shoot apex and leaf tissues. As a result, 121 putative developmental priming genes differentially expressed in the shoot apex compared to the leaf were identified under normal and salt stress conditions. RNA-seq experiments also revealed the shoot apex-specific responsive genes for salt stress conditions. Based on combinatorial comparisons, 19 developmental priming genes were finally identified, including developmental genes related to cell division and abiotic/biotic-stress-responsive genes. Moreover, some priming genes showed CLV3-dependent responses under salt stress conditions in the clv3-2. These results presumably provide insight into how shoot meristem tissues have relatively high viability against stressful environmental conditions for the developmental plasticity of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Horim Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-3762-6331
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Kaur D, Moreira D, Coimbra S, Showalter AM. Hydroxyproline- O-Galactosyltransferases Synthesizing Type II Arabinogalactans Are Essential for Male Gametophytic Development in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:935413. [PMID: 35774810 PMCID: PMC9237623 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.935413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, male reproductive function is determined by successful development and performance of stamens, pollen grains, and pollen tubes. Despite the crucial role of highly glycosylated arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) in male gamete formation, pollen grain, and pollen tube cell walls, the underlying mechanisms defining these functions of AGPs have remained elusive. Eight partially redundant Hyp-galactosyltransferases (named GALT2-GALT9) genes/enzymes are known to initiate Hyp-O-galactosylation for Hyp-arabinogalactan (AG) production in Arabidopsis thaliana. To assess the contributions of these Hyp-AGs to male reproductive function, we used a galt2galt5galt7galt8galt9 quintuple Hyp-GALT mutant for this study. Both anther size and pollen viability were compromised in the quintuple mutants. Defects in male gametogenesis were observed in later stages of maturing microspores after meiosis, accompanied by membrane blebbing and numerous lytic vacuoles. Cytological and ultramicroscopic observations revealed that pollen exine reticulate architecture and intine layer development were affected such that non-viable collapsed mature pollen grains were produced, which were devoid of cell content and nuclei, with virtually no intine. AGP immunolabeling demonstrated alterations in cell wall architecture of the anther, pollen grains, and pollen tube. Specifically, the LM2 monoclonal antibody (which recognized β-GlcA epitopes on AGPs) showed a weak signal for the endothecium, microspores, and pollen tube apex. Pollen tube tips also displayed excessive callose deposition. Interestingly, expression patterns of pollen-specific AGPs, namely AGP6, AGP11, AGP23, and AGP40, were determined to be higher in the quintuple mutants. Taken together, our data illustrate the importance of type-II AGs in male reproductive function for successful fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasmeet Kaur
- Department of Environmental & Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Diana Moreira
- Departamento de Biología, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- Departamento de Biología, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Allan M. Showalter
- Department of Environmental & Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
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Li WJ, Wu N, Chen C, Zhao YP, Hou YX. Identification and expression analysis of arabinogalactan protein genes in cotton reveal the function of GhAGP15 in Verticillium dahliae resistance. Gene 2022; 822:146336. [PMID: 35182675 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt, primarily caused by the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae, is a serious disease in cotton. Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), a class of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins, have been widely implicated in plant growth and environmental adaptation. The purpose of this study is to identify and characterize AGP members in cotton plants and explore their roles in responding to environmental stressors. In total, 65 GhAGP members were identified in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), along with 43, 35, and 37 AGP members that were also identified in G. barbadense, G. arboreum, and G. raimondii, respectively. According to gene structure and protein domains analysis, GhAGP genes in upland cotton are highly conserved. Meanwhile, tandem duplication events have occurred frequently throughout cotton's evolutionary history. Expression analysis showed that GhAGP genes were widely expressed during growth and development and in response to abiotic stressors. Many cis-elements related to hormonal responses and environmental stressors were detected in GhAGP promoter regions. GhAGP genes participate in responding to cold, drought, and salt stress, and were sensitive to ET signaling. Furthermore, the expression level of GhAGP15 was elevated during V. dahliae infection and resistance against V. dahliae in upland cotton was significantly weakened by silencing GhAGP15 using a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach. Our results further suggest that the function of GhAGP15 in V. dahliae resistance might be involved in regulation of the JA, SA, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathways. The comprehensive analysis of AGP genes in cotton performed in this study provides a basic framework for further functional research of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Na Wu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Yan-Peng Zhao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Yu-Xia Hou
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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11
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Ajayi OO, Held MA, Showalter AM. Glucuronidation of type II arabinogalactan polysaccharides function in sexual reproduction of Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:164-181. [PMID: 34726315 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are complex, hyperglycosylated plant cell wall proteins with little known about the biological roles of their glycan moieties in sexual reproduction. Here, we report that GLCAT14A, GLCAT14B, and GLCAT14C, three enzymes responsible for the addition of glucuronic acid residues to AGPs, function in pollen development, polytubey block, and normal embryo development in Arabidopsis. Using biochemical and immunolabeling techniques, we demonstrated that the loss of function of the GLCAT14A, GLCAT14B, and GLCAT14C genes resulted in disorganization of the reticulate structure of the exine wall, abnormal development of the intine layer, and collapse of pollen grains in glcat14a/b and glcat14a/b/c mutants. Synchronous development between locules within the same anther was also lost in some glcat14a/b/c stamens. In addition, we observed excessive attraction of pollen tubes targeting glcat14a/b/c ovules, indicating that the polytubey block mechanism was compromised. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed significant reductions in all sugars in glcat14a/b and glcat14a/b/c mutants except for arabinose and galactose, while immunolabeling showed decreased amounts of AGP sugar epitopes recognized by glcat14a/b and glcat14a/b/c mutants compared with the wild type. This work demonstrates the important roles that AG glucuronidation plays in Arabidopsis sexual reproduction and reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyeyemi O Ajayi
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Michael A Held
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Allan M Showalter
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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Villa-Rivera MG, Cano-Camacho H, López-Romero E, Zavala-Páramo MG. The Role of Arabinogalactan Type II Degradation in Plant-Microbe Interactions. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:730543. [PMID: 34512607 PMCID: PMC8424115 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.730543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabinogalactans (AGs) are structural polysaccharides of the plant cell wall. A small proportion of the AGs are associated with hemicellulose and pectin. Furthermore, AGs are associated with proteins forming the so-called arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), which can be found in the plant cell wall or attached through a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor to the plasma membrane. AGPs are a family of highly glycosylated proteins grouped with cell wall proteins rich in hydroxyproline. These glycoproteins have important and diverse functions in plants, such as growth, cellular differentiation, signaling, and microbe-plant interactions, and several reports suggest that carbohydrate components are crucial for AGP functions. In beneficial plant-microbe interactions, AGPs attract symbiotic species of fungi or bacteria, promote the development of infectious structures and the colonization of root tips, and furthermore, these interactions can activate plant defense mechanisms. On the other hand, plants secrete and accumulate AGPs at infection sites, creating cross-links with pectin. As part of the plant cell wall degradation machinery, beneficial and pathogenic fungi and bacteria can produce the enzymes necessary for the complete depolymerization of AGs including endo-β-(1,3), β-(1,4) and β-(1,6)-galactanases, β-(1,3/1,6) galactanases, α-L-arabinofuranosidases, β-L-arabinopyranosidases, and β-D-glucuronidases. These hydrolytic enzymes are secreted during plant-pathogen interactions and could have implications for the function of AGPs. It has been proposed that AGPs could prevent infection by pathogenic microorganisms because their degradation products generated by hydrolytic enzymes of pathogens function as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) eliciting the plant defense response. In this review, we describe the structure and function of AGs and AGPs as components of the plant cell wall. Additionally, we describe the set of enzymes secreted by microorganisms to degrade AGs from AGPs and its possible implication for plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Guadalupe Villa-Rivera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Horacio Cano-Camacho
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, FMVZ, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tarímbaro, Mexico
| | - Everardo López-Romero
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Zavala-Páramo
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, FMVZ, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tarímbaro, Mexico
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Leszczuk A, Szczuka E, Lewtak K, Chudzik B, Zdunek A. Effect of Low Temperature on Changes in AGP Distribution during Development of Bellis perennis Ovules and Anthers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081880. [PMID: 34440649 PMCID: PMC8391657 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are a class of heavily glycosylated proteins occurring as a structural element of the cell wall-plasma membrane continuum. The features of AGPs described earlier suggest that the proteins may be implicated in plant adaptation to stress conditions in important developmental phases during the plant reproduction process. In this paper, the microscopic and immunocytochemical studies conducted using specific antibodies (JIM13, JIM15, MAC207) recognizing the carbohydrate chains of AGPs showed significant changes in the AGP distribution in female and male reproductive structures during the first stages of Bellis perennis development. In typical conditions, AGPs are characterized by a specific persistent spatio-temporal pattern of distribution. AGP epitopes are visible in the cell walls of somatic cells and in the megasporocyte walls, megaspores, and embryo sac at every stage of formation. During development in stress conditions, the AGP localization is altered, and AGPs entirely disappear in the embryo sac wall. In the case of male development, AGPs are present in the tapetum, microsporocytes, and microspores in normal conditions. In response to development at lower temperature, AGPs are localized in the common wall of microspores and in mature pollen grains. Additionally, they are accumulated in remnants of tapetum cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Leszczuk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ewa Szczuka
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (E.S.); (K.L.)
| | - Kinga Lewtak
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (E.S.); (K.L.)
| | - Barbara Chudzik
- Department of Biological and Environmental Education with Zoological Museum, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
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Cruz-Valderrama JE, Bernal-Gallardo JJ, Herrera-Ubaldo H, de Folter S. Building a Flower: The Influence of Cell Wall Composition on Flower Development and Reproduction. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12070978. [PMID: 34206830 PMCID: PMC8304806 DOI: 10.3390/genes12070978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Floral patterning is a complex task. Various organs and tissues must be formed to fulfill reproductive functions. Flower development has been studied, mainly looking for master regulators. However, downstream changes such as the cell wall composition are relevant since they allow cells to divide, differentiate, and grow. In this review, we focus on the main components of the primary cell wall-cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectins-to describe how enzymes involved in the biosynthesis, modifications, and degradation of cell wall components are related to the formation of the floral organs. Additionally, internal and external stimuli participate in the genetic regulation that modulates the activity of cell wall remodeling proteins.
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15
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Lara-Mondragón CM, MacAlister CA. Arabinogalactan glycoprotein dynamics during the progamic phase in the tomato pistil. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2021; 34:131-148. [PMID: 33860833 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-021-00408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pistil AGPs display dynamic localization patterns in response to fertilization in tomato. SlyFLA9 (Solyc07g065540.1) is a chimeric Fasciclin-like AGP with enriched expression in the ovary, suggesting a potential function during pollen-pistil interaction. During fertilization, the male gametes are delivered by pollen tubes to receptive ovules, deeply embedded in the sporophytic tissues of the pistil. Arabinogalactan glycoproteins (AGPs) are a diverse family of highly glycosylated, secreted proteins which have been widely implicated in plant reproduction, particularly within the pistil. Though tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important crop requiring successful fertilization for production, the molecular basis of this event remains understudied. Here we explore the spatiotemporal localization of AGPs in the mature tomato pistil before and after fertilization. Using histological techniques to detect AGP sugar moieties, we found that accumulation of AGPs correlated with the maturation of the stigma and we identified an AGP subpopulation restricted to the micropyle that was no longer visible upon fertilization. To identify candidate pistil AGP genes, we used an RNA-sequencing approach to catalog gene expression in functionally distinct subsections of the mature tomato pistil (the stigma, apical and basal style and ovary) as well as pollen and pollen tubes. Of 161 predicted AGP and AGP-like proteins encoded in the tomato genome, we identified four genes with specifically enriched expression in reproductive tissues. We further validated expression of two of these, a Fasciclin-like AGP (SlyFLA9, Solyc07g065540.1) and a novel hybrid AGP (SlyHAE, Solyc09g075580.1). Using in situ hybridization, we also found SlyFLA9 was expressed in the integuments of the ovule and the pericarp. Additionally, differential expression analyses of the pistil transcriptome revealed previously unreported genes with enriched expression in each subsection of the mature pistil, setting the foundation for future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cora A MacAlister
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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16
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Płachno BJ, Kapusta M, Świątek P, Banaś K, Miranda VFO, Bogucka-Kocka A. Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Cell Wall Components in the Placentas, Ovules and Female Gametophytes of Utricularia during Pollination. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115622. [PMID: 34070693 PMCID: PMC8199428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In most angiosperms, the female gametophyte is hidden in the mother tissues and the pollen tube enters the ovule via a micropylar canal. The mother tissues play an essential role in the pollen tube guidance. However, in Utricularia, the female gametophyte surpasses the entire micropylar canal and extends beyond the limit of the integument. The female gametophyte then invades the placenta and a part of the central cell has direct contact with the ovary chamber. To date, information about the role of the placenta and integument in pollen tube guidance in Utricularia, which have extra-ovular female gametophytes, has been lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the placenta, central cell and integument in pollen tube pollen tube guidance in Utricularia nelumbifolia Gardner and Utricularia humboldtii R.H. Schomb. by studying the production of arabinogalactan proteins. It was also determined whether the production of the arabinogalactan proteins is dependent on pollination in Utricularia. In both of the examined species, arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) were observed in the placenta (epidermis and nutritive tissue), ovule (integument, chalaza), and female gametophyte of both pollinated and unpollinated flowers, which means that the production of AGPs is independent of pollination; however, the production of some AGPs was lower after fertilization. There were some differences in the production of AGPs between the examined species. The occurrence of AGPs in the placental epidermis and nutritive tissue suggests that they function as an obturator. The production of some AGPs in the ovular tissues (nucellus, integument) was independent of the presence of a mature embryo sac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Jan Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Małgorzata Kapusta
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, 59 Wita Stwosza St., 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Piotr Świątek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Institute of Biology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 9 Bankowa St., 40-007 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Banaś
- Department of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, 59 Wita Stwosza St., 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Vitor F. O. Miranda
- Laboratory of Plant Systematics, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal CEP 14884-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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Rafińska K, Niedojadło K, Świdziński M, Niedojadło J, Bednarska-Kozakiewicz E. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Arabinogalactan Proteins during Larix decidua Mill. Male Gametophyte and Ovule Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094298. [PMID: 33919026 PMCID: PMC8122408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of ArabinoGalactan Proteins (AGPs) in the sexual reproduction of gymnosperms is not as well documented as that of angiosperms. In earlier studies, we demonstrated that AGPs play important roles during ovule differentiation in Larix decidua Mill. The presented results encouraged us to carry out further studies focused on the functions of these unique glycoproteins during pollen/pollen tube and ovule interactions in Larix. We identified and analyzed the localization of AGPs epitopes by JIM4, JIM8, JIM13 and LM2 antibodies (Abs) in male gametophytes and ovule tissue during pollination, the progamic phase, and after fertilization and in vitro growing pollen tubes. Our results indicated that (1) AGPs recognized by JIM4 Abs play an essential role in the interaction of male gametophytes and ovules because their appearance in ovule cells is induced by physical contact between reproductive partners; (2) after pollination, AGPs are secreted from the pollen cytoplasm into the pollen wall and contact the extracellular matrix of stigmatic tip cells followed by micropylar canal cells; (3) AGPs synthesized in nucellus cells before pollen grain germination are secreted during pollen tube growth into the extracellular matrix, where they can directly interact with male gametophytes; (4) in vitro cultured pollen tube AGPs labeled with LM2 Abs participate in the germination of pollen grain, while AGPs recognized by JIM8 Abs are essential for pollen tube tip growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Rafińska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Niedojadło
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.Ś.); (J.N.); (E.B.-K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michał Świdziński
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.Ś.); (J.N.); (E.B.-K.)
| | - Janusz Niedojadło
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.Ś.); (J.N.); (E.B.-K.)
| | - Elżbieta Bednarska-Kozakiewicz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.Ś.); (J.N.); (E.B.-K.)
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18
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Paving the Way for Fertilization: The Role of the Transmitting Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052603. [PMID: 33807566 PMCID: PMC7961442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiosperm reproduction relies on the precise growth of the pollen tube through different pistil tissues carrying two sperm cells into the ovules’ embryo sac, where they fuse with the egg and the central cell to accomplish double fertilization and ultimately initiate seed development. A network of intrinsic and tightly regulated communication and signaling cascades, which mediate continuous interactions between the pollen tube and the sporophytic and gametophytic female tissues, ensures the fast and meticulous growth of pollen tubes along the pistil, until it reaches the ovule embryo sac. Most of the pollen tube growth occurs in a specialized tissue—the transmitting tract—connecting the stigma, the style, and the ovary. This tissue is composed of highly secretory cells responsible for producing an extensive extracellular matrix. This multifaceted matrix is proposed to support and provide nutrition and adhesion for pollen tube growth and guidance. Insights pertaining to the mechanisms that underlie these processes remain sparse due to the difficulty of accessing and manipulating the female sporophytic tissues enclosed in the pistil. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on this key step of reproduction in flowering plants with special emphasis on the female transmitting tract tissue.
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In Situ/Subcellular Localization of Arabinogalactan Protein Expression by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH). Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 32617948 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0621-6_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The arabinogalactan proteins are highly glycosylated and ubiquitous in plants. They are involved in several aspects of plant development and reproduction; however, the mechanics behind their function remains for the most part unclear, as the carbohydrate moiety, covering the most part of the protein core, is poorly characterized at the individual protein level. Traditional immunolocalization using antibodies that recognize the glycosidic moiety of the protein cannot be used to elucidate individual proteins' distribution, function, or interactors. Indirect approaches are typically used to study these proteins, relying on reverse genetic analysis of null mutants or using a reporter fusion system. In the method presented here, we propose the use of RNA probes to assist in the localization of individual AGPs expression/mRNAs in tissues of Arabidopsis by fluorescent in situ hybridization, FISH. An extensive description of all aspects of this technique is provided, from RNA probe synthesis to the hybridization, trying to overcome the lack of specific antibodies for the protein core of AGPs.
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Yu CY, Zhang HK, Wang N, Gao XQ. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins mediate the interactions between pollen/pollen tube and pistil tissues. PLANTA 2021; 253:19. [PMID: 33394122 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03526-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, pollen germination on the stigma and pollen tube growth in pistil tissues are critical for sexual plant reproduction, which are involved in the interactions between pollen/pollen tube and pistil tissues. GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are located on the external surface of the plasma membrane and function in various processes of sexual plant reproduction. The evidences suggest that GPI-APs participate in endosome machinery, Ca2+ oscillations, the development of the transmitting tract, the maintenance of the integrity of pollen tube, the enhancement of interactions of the receptor-like kinase (RLK) and ligand, and guidance of the growth of pollen tube, and so on. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress on the roles of GPI-APs in the interactions between pollen/pollen tube and pistil tissues during pollination, such as pollen germination on the stigma, pollen tube growth in the transmitting tract, pollen tube guidance to the ovule, and pollen tube reception in the embryo sac. We will also discuss the future outlook of GPI-APs in the interactions between pollen/pollen tube and pistil tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Yu Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Huan Kai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Ning Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xin-Qi Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
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Abstract
Mutations in numerous genes affect reproduction in Arabidopsis leading to sterility and abortion of seed development, respectively. These include mutations in regulators of reproductive development and fertilization, but also in house-keeping genes lacking mutant phenotypes during vegetative development. However, during the haploid phase of germline development or during seed development, lethality or failures become visible when gene activity is needed. Plant reproduction is complex and includes many processes from flowering and flower organ development toward the formation of seeds after a double fertilization process. For those who are less familiar with the various reproductive processes in Arabidopsis and who aim to study the cause of reproductive defects during germline development and function, fertilization, or embryogenesis in a given mutant, we provide here a step-by-step guideline and basic protocols to elucidate the reproductive process affected.
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Cascallares M, Setzes N, Marchetti F, López GA, Distéfano AM, Cainzos M, Zabaleta E, Pagnussat GC. A Complex Journey: Cell Wall Remodeling, Interactions, and Integrity During Pollen Tube Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:599247. [PMID: 33329663 PMCID: PMC7733995 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.599247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, pollen tubes undergo a journey that starts in the stigma and ends in the ovule with the delivery of the sperm cells to achieve double fertilization. The pollen cell wall plays an essential role to accomplish all the steps required for the successful delivery of the male gametes. This extended path involves female tissue recognition, rapid hydration and germination, polar growth, and a tight regulation of cell wall synthesis and modification, as its properties change not only along the pollen tube but also in response to guidance cues inside the pistil. In this review, we focus on the most recent advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of cell wall synthesis and modification during pollen germination, pollen tube growth, and rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gabriela Carolina Pagnussat
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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23
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Liang R, You L, Dong F, Zhao X, Zhao J. Identification of Hydroxyproline-Containing Proteins and Hydroxylation of Proline Residues in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1207. [PMID: 32849749 PMCID: PMC7427127 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The hydroxyproline-containing proteins (HCPs) among secretory and vacuolar proteins play important roles in growth and development of higher plants. Many hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs), including Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), extensins (EXTs), and proline-rich proteins (PRPs), are identified as HCPs by bioinformatics approaches. The experimental evidence for validation of novel proline hydroxylation sites is vital for understanding their functional roles. In this study, the 62 HCPs containing 114 hydroxyproline (O, Hyp) residues were identified, and it was found that hydroxylation of proline residues in the HCPs could either constitute attachment sites for glycans or have other biological function in rice. The glycomodules of AO, OA, OG, VO, LO, and OE were abundant in the 62 HCPs. Further analysis showed that the 22 of 62 HCPs contained both signal peptides and transmembrane domains, and the 19 HCPs only contained transmembrane domains, while 21 HCPs contained neither. This study indicated the feasibility of mass spectrometry-based proteomics combined with bioinformatics approaches for the large-scale characterization of Hyp sites from complex protein digest mixtures. Furthermore, the expression of AGPs in rice was detected by using β-GlcY reagent and JIM13 antibody. The results displayed that the AGPs were widely distributed in different tissues and organs of rice, especially expressed highly in lateral root, pollen and embryo. In conclusion, our study revealed that the HCPs and Hyp residues in rice were ubiquitous and that these Hyps could be candidates for linking to glycans, which laid the foundation for further studying the functions of HCPs and hydroxylation of proline residues in rice.
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24
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Costa M, Pereira AM, Pinto SC, Silva J, Pereira LG, Coimbra S. In silico and expression analyses of fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins reveal functional conservation during embryo and seed development. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2019; 32:353-370. [PMID: 31501923 PMCID: PMC6820600 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-019-00376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins organization into four groups is conserved and may be related to specific roles in developmental processes across angiosperms. Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (FLAs) are a subclass of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), which contain fasciclin-like domains in addition to typical AGP domains. FLAs are present across all embryophytes, and despite their low overall sequence similarity, conserved regions that define the fasciclin functional domain (FAS) have been identified, suggesting that the cell adhesion property is also conserved. FLAs in Arabidopsis have been organized into four subgroups according to the number and distribution of functional domains. Recent studies associated FLAs with cell wall-related processes where domain organization seemed to be related to functional roles. In Arabidopsis, FLAs containing a single FAS domain were found to be important for the integrity and elasticity of the plant cell wall matrix, and FLAs with two FAS domains and two AGP domains were found to be involved in maintaining proper cell expansion under salt stress conditions. The main purpose of the present work was to elucidate the expression pattern of selected FLA genes during embryo and seed development using RT-qPCR. AtFLA8 and AtFLA10, two Arabidopsis genes that stood out in previous microarray studies of embryo development, were further examined using promoter-driven gene reporter analyses. We also studied the expression of cork oak FLA genes and found that their expression partially parallels the expression patterns of the putative AtFLA orthologs. We propose that the functional organization of FLAs is conserved and may be related to fundamental aspects of embryogenesis and seed development across angiosperms. Phylogenetic studies were performed, and we show that the same basic four-subgroup organization described for Arabidopsis FLA gene classification is valid for most Arabidopsis FLA orthologs of several plant species, namely poplar, corn and cork oak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Costa
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Marta Pereira
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Cristina Pinto
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jessy Silva
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Gustavo Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- GreenUPorto Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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25
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Losada JM, Herrero M. Arabinogalactan proteins mediate intercellular crosstalk in the ovule of apple flowers. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2019; 32:291-305. [PMID: 31049682 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-019-00370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AGP-rich glycoproteins mediate pollen-ovule interactions and cell patterning in the embryo sac of apple before and after fertilization. Glycoproteins are significant players in the dialog that takes place between growing pollen tubes and the stigma and style in the angiosperms. Yet, information is scarce on their possible involvement in the ovule, a sporophytic organ that hosts the female gametophyte. Apple flowers have a prolonged lapse of time between pollination and fertilization, offering a great system to study the developmental basis of glycoprotein secretion and their putative role during the last stages of the progamic phase and early seed initiation. For this purpose, the sequential pollen tube elongation within the ovary was examined in relation to changes in arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in the tissues of the ovule before and after fertilization. To evaluate what of these changes are developmentally regulated, unpollinated and pollinated flowers were compared. AGPs paved the pollen tube pathway in the ovules along the micropylar canal, and the nucellus entrance toward the synergids, which also developmentally accumulated AGPs at the filiform apparatus. Glycoproteins vanished from all these tissues following pollen tube passage, strongly suggesting a role in pollen-ovule interaction. In addition, AGPs marked the primary cell walls of the haploid cells of the female gametophyte, and they further built up in the cell walls of the embryo sac and developing embryo, layering the interactive walls of the three generations hosted in the ovule, the maternal sporophytic tissues, the female gametophyte, and the developing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Losada
- Pomology Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station-CSIC, Avda Montañana 1005, 50059, Saragossa, Spain.
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, 1300 Centre St., Boston, MA, 02131, USA.
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora-CSIC-UMA, Avda. Dr. Wienberg s/n. Algarrobo-Costa, 29750, Málaga, Spain.
| | - María Herrero
- Pomology Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station-CSIC, Avda Montañana 1005, 50059, Saragossa, Spain
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26
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Lopes AL, Moreira D, Ferreira MJ, Pereira AM, Coimbra S. Insights into secrets along the pollen tube pathway in need to be discovered. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2979-2992. [PMID: 30820535 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The process of plant fertilization provides an outstanding example of refined control of gene expression. During this elegant process, subtle communication occurs between neighboring cells, based on chemical signals, that induces cellular mechanisms of patterning and growth. Having faced an immediate issue of self-incompatibility responses, the pathway to fertilization starts once the stigmatic cells recognize a compatible pollen grain, and it continues with numerous players interacting to affect pollen tube growth and the puzzling process of navigation along the transmitting tract. The pollen tube goes through a guidance process that begins with a preovular stage (i.e. prior to the influence of the target ovule), with interactions with factors from the transmitting tissue. In the subsequent ovular-guidance stage a specific relationship develops between the pollen tube and its target ovule. This stage is divided into the funicular and micropylar guidance steps, with numerous receptors working in signalling cascades. Finally, just after the pollen tube has passed beyond the synergids, fusion of the gametes occurs and the developing seed-the ultimate aim of the process-will start to mature. In this paper, we review the existing knowledge of the crucial biological processes involved in pollen-pistil interactions that give rise to the new seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Lopes
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute - BioISI, Porto, Portugal
- Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre - GreenUPorto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Diana Moreira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Ferreira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Marta Pereira
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre - GreenUPorto, Vairão, Portugal
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27
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Fang KF, Du BS, Zhang Q, Xing Y, Cao QQ, Qin L. Boron deficiency alters cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration and affects the cell wall components of pollen tubes in Malus domestica. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:343-351. [PMID: 30444945 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is essential for normal plant growth, including pollen tube growth. B deficiency influences various physiological and metabolic processes in plants. However, the underlying mechanism of B deficiency in pollen tube growth is not sufficiently understood. In the present research, the influence of B deficiency on apple (Malus domestica) pollen tube growth was studied and the possible regulatory mechanism evaluated. Apple pollen grains were cultured under different concentrations of B. Scanning ion-selective electrode technique, fluorescence labelling and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis were used to detect calcium ion flux, cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+ ]cyt), actin filaments and cell wall components of pollen tubes. B deficiency inhibited apple pollen germination and induced retardation of tube growth. B deficiency increased extracellular Ca2+ influx and thus led to increased [Ca2+ ]cyt in the pollen tube tip. In addition, B deficiency modified actin filament arrangement at the pollen tube apex. B deficiency also altered the deposition of pollen tube wall components. Clear differences were not observed in the distribution patterns of cellulose and callose between control and B deficiency treated pollen tubes. However, B deficiency affected distribution patterns of pectin and arabinogalactan proteins (AGP). Clear ring-like signals of pectins and AGP on control pollen tubes varied according to B deficiency. B deficiency further decreased acid pectins, esterified pectins and AGP content at the tip of the pollen tube, which were supported by changes in chemical composition of the tube walls. B appears to have an active role in pollen tube growth by affecting [Ca2+ ]cyt, actin filament assembly and pectin and AGP deposition in the pollen tube. These findings provide valuable information that enhances our current understanding of the mechanism regulating pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Fang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - B S Du
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Y Xing
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Q Q Cao
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - L Qin
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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28
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Leszczuk A, Szczuka E, Zdunek A. Arabinogalactan proteins: Distribution during the development of male and female gametophytes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:9-18. [PMID: 30496891 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), i.e. a subfamily of hydroxyproline-rich proteins (HRGPs), are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. For many years, AGPs have been connected with the multiple phases of plant reproduction and developmental processes. Currently, extensive knowledge is available about their various functions, i.e. involvement in pollen grain formation, initiation of pollen grain germination, pollen tube guidance in the transmission tissue of pistil and ovule nucellus, and function as a signaling molecule during cell-cell communication. Although many studies have been performed, the mechanism of action, the heterogeneous molecule structure, and the connection with other extracellular matrix components have not been sufficiently explained. The aim of this work was to gather and describe the most important information on the distribution of AGPs in gametophyte development. The present review provides a summary of the first reports about AGPs and the most recent knowledge about their functions during male and female gametophyte formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leszczuk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland.
| | - E Szczuka
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - A Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland.
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29
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Pérez-Pérez Y, Carneros E, Berenguer E, Solís MT, Bárány I, Pintos B, Gómez-Garay A, Risueño MC, Testillano PS. Pectin De-methylesterification and AGP Increase Promote Cell Wall Remodeling and Are Required During Somatic Embryogenesis of Quercus suber. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1915. [PMID: 30671070 PMCID: PMC6331538 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis is a reliable system for in vitro plant regeneration, with biotechnological applications in trees, but the regulating mechanisms are largely unknown. Changes in cell wall mechanics controlled by methylesterification of pectins, mediated by pectin methylesterases (PMEs) and pectin methyl esterase inhibitors (PMEIs) underlie many developmental processes. Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins located at the surface of plasma membranes, in cell walls, and in extracellular secretions, with key roles in a range of different processes. In this study, we have investigated changes in two cell wall components, pectins and AGPs, during somatic embryogenesis in Quercus suber, a forest tree of high economic and ecologic value. At early embryogenesis stages, cells of proembryogenic masses showed high levels of esterified pectins and expression of QsPME and QsPMEI genes encoding a PME and a putative PMEI, respectively. At advanced stages, differentiating cells of heart, torpedo and cotyledonary embryos exhibited walls rich in de-esterified pectins, while QsPME gene expression and PME activity progressively increased. AGPs were detected in cell walls of proembryogenic masses and somatic embryos. QsLys-rich-AGP18, QsLys-rich-AGP17, and QsAGP16L1 gene expression increased with embryogenesis progression, as did the level of total AGPs, detected by dot blot with β-glucosyl Yariv reagent. Immuno dot blot, immunofluorescence assays and confocal analysis using monoclonal antibodies to high- (JIM7, LM20) and low- (JIM5, LM19) methylesterified pectins, and to certain AGP epitopes (LM6, LM2) showed changes in the amount and distribution pattern of esterified/de-esterified pectins and AGP epitopes, that were associated with proliferation and differentiation and correlated with expression of the PME and AGP genes analyzed. Pharmacological treatments with catechin, an inhibitor of PME activity, and Yariv reagent, which blocks AGPs, impaired the progression of embryogenesis, with pectin de-esterification and an increase in AGP levels being necessary for embryo development. Findings indicate a role for pectins and AGPs during somatic embryogenesis of cork oak, promoting the cell wall remodeling during the process. They also provide new insights into the regulating mechanisms of somatic embryogenesis in woody species, for which information is still scarce, opening up new possibilities to improve in vitro embryo production in tree breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Pérez-Pérez
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Carneros
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Berenguer
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Teresa Solís
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Physiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivett Bárány
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pintos
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Physiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Gómez-Garay
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Physiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María C. Risueño
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar S. Testillano
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
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30
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Abstract
The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. AGPs are found in cell membranes and cell walls of all types of tissues, including reproductive cells and organs. Pectins are cell wall components that also have been shown to change in composition and quantity during the maturations of the male and female gametophyte in cork oak. These findings were only possible to reveal, due to the histological study of AGP and pectins epitopes by immunolabeling. The immunofluorescence microscopy technique uses antibodies linked to fluorophores and relies on the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. An extensive description of all the aspects of this technique is provided, from the plant material developmental stages selection to the critical analysis of results performed, continuously supported by troubleshooting recommendations.
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31
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Lin S, Yue X, Miao Y, Yu Y, Dong H, Huang L, Cao J. The distinct functions of two classical arabinogalactan proteins BcMF8 and BcMF18 during pollen wall development in Brassica campestris. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:60-76. [PMID: 29385650 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are extensively glycosylated hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins ubiquitous in all plant tissues and cells. AtAGP6 and AtAGP11, the only two functionally known pollen-specific classical AGP encoding genes in Arabidopsis, are reported to have redundant functions in microspore development. BcMF18 and BcMF8 isolated from Brassica campestris are the orthologues of AtAGP6 and AtAGP11, respectively. In contrast to the functional redundancy of AtAGP6 and AtAGP11, single-gene disruption of BcMF8 led to deformed pollen grains with abnormal intine development and ectopic aperture formation in B. campestris. Here, we further explored the action of BcMF18 and its relationship with BcMF8. BcMF18 was specifically expressed in pollen during the late stages of microspore development. Antisense RNA transgenic lines with BcMF18 reduction resulted in aberrant pollen grains with abnormal cellulose distribution, lacking intine, cytoplasm and nuclei. Transgenic plants with repressive expression of both BcMF8 and BcMF18 showed a hybrid phenotype, expressing a mixture of the phenotypes of the single gene knockdown plant lines. In addition, we identified functional diversity between BcMF18/BcMF8 and AtAGP6/AtAGP11, mainly reflected by the specific contribution of BcMF18 and BcMF8 to pollen wall formation. These results suggest that, unlike the orthologous genes AtAGP6 and AtAGP11 in Arabidopsis, BcMF18 and BcMF8 are both integral to pollen biogenesis in B. campestris, acting through independent pathways during microspore development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Lin
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yue
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yingjing Miao
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Youjian Yu
- College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Heng Dong
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Li Huang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiashu Cao
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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32
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Su S, Higashiyama T. Arabinogalactan proteins and their sugar chains: functions in plant reproduction, research methods, and biosynthesis. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2018; 31:67-75. [PMID: 29470639 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-0329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The arabinogalactan protein (AGP) family is one of the most complex protein families and is ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. Moreover, it has been demonstrated to play various roles during plant reproduction. A typical AGP contains a hydroxyproline-rich core protein with high heterogeneity and varying numbers of polysaccharide side chains. However, the functions of the polysaccharide components (i.e. AG sugar chains) remain largely unknown due to the general difficulties associated with studying sugar chains in glycobiology. In recent years, methodological breakthroughs have resulted in substantial progress in AGP research. Here, we summarise the multiple roles of AGPs during plant gametophyte development and male-female communication, with a focus on recent advances. In addition, we discuss the analytical tools used in AGP research, and the biosynthesis and function of AG sugar chains. A comprehensive understanding of the AGP family will help clarify the mechanisms precisely controlling reproductive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Su
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan.
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Sankaranarayanan S, Higashiyama T. Capacitation in Plant and Animal Fertilization. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:129-139. [PMID: 29170007 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction relies on the successful fusion of the sperm and egg cell. Despite the vast differences between plants and animals, there are similarities at a molecular level between plant and animal reproduction. While the molecular basis of fertilization has been extensively studied in plants, the process of capacitation has received little attention until recently. Recent research has started to uncover the molecular basis of plant capacitation. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that the key molecules in plants and animal fertilization are functionally conserved. Here, we review new insights for our understanding of capacitation of pollen tube and fertilization in plants and also propose that there are commonalities in the process of sexual reproduction between plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Sankaranarayanan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.
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Leszczuk A, Szczuka E. Arabinogalactan proteins: Immunolocalization in the developing ovary of a facultative apomict Fragaria x ananassa (Duch.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 123:24-33. [PMID: 29223065 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Arabinogalactan proteins are present in the extracellular matrix and their occurrence is developmentally regulated. The studies were carried out to localise arabinogalactan proteins in ovary cells of Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne (strawberry) during megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis, and formation of the embryo. METHODS The research included studies of ovary histochemistry and immunofluorescence labelling of AGP epitopes was performed with antibodies JIM13, JIM15 and MAC207. The use of the immunogold labelling method allowed specific detection of AGP epitopes at the subcellular level. KEY RESULTS The localization of AGPs was studied in the cells of the ovary wall and elements building the developing ovule i.e. the integument, nucellus, archespore, megaspores, embryo sac, and embryo of a facultative apomict Fragaria x ananassa cv. 'Mount Everest'. For the first time the presence of AGP epitopes at the stage of a multicellular archespore was described. The occurrence of AGPs in the functional megaspore walls is related to selection of a megaspore continuing development; during later stages of development, AGPs are also evident markers of the female gametophyte. The intense fluorescence indicates the presence of AGPs in the embryo sac wall as well as in the cytoplasm compartment of the egg apparatus and around the secondary nucleus of the central cell. The localization of AGPs in the ovule of F. x ananassa resembles the distribution of these proteins in amphimictic plants. CONCLUSIONS Arabinogalactan proteins occur in similar parts of the ovule of amphimictic and apomictic plants. The results confirm the participation of AGPs in reproductive structures as a useful marker during development of female gametophyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Leszczuk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Ewa Szczuka
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Gotelli MM, Lattar EC, Zini LM, Galati BG. Style morphology and pollen tube pathway. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2017; 30:155-170. [PMID: 29116403 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-017-0312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The style morphology and anatomy vary among different species. Three basic types are: open, closed, and semi-closed. Cells involved in the pollen tube pathway in the different types of styles present abundant endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosomes, mitochondria, and ribosomes. These secretory characteristics are related to the secretion where pollen tube grows. This secretion can be represented by the substances either in the canal or in the intercellular matrix or in the cell wall. Most studies suggest that pollen tubes only grow through the secretion of the canal in open styles. However, some species present pollen tubes that penetrate the epithelial cells of the canal, or grow through the middle lamella between these cells and subepithelial cells. In species with a closed style, a pathway is provided by the presence of an extracellular matrix, or by the thickened cell walls of the stylar transmitting tissue. There are reports in some species where pollen tubes can also penetrate the transmitting tissue cells and continue their growth through the cell lumen. In this review, we define subtypes of styles according to the path of the pollen tube. Style types were mapped on an angiosperm phylogenetic tree following the maximum parsimony principle. In line with this, it could be hypothesized that: the open style appeared in the early divergent angiosperms; the closed type of style originated in Asparagales, Poales, and Eudicots; and the semi-closed style appeared in Rosids, Ericales, and Gentianales. The open style seems to have been lost in core Eudicots, with reversions in some Rosids and Asterids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Gotelli
- Cátedra de Botánica General, Depto. de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - E C Lattar
- IBONE-UNNE-CONICET, Corrientes, Argentina
- Cátedra de Morfología de Plantas Vasculares, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (FCA-UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - L M Zini
- IBONE-UNNE-CONICET, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - B G Galati
- Cátedra de Botánica General, Depto. de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Xu Y, Yang J, Wang Y, Wang J, Yu Y, Long Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Ren Y, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Guo X, Wu F, Zhu S, Lin Q, Jiang L, Wu C, Wang H, Wan J. OsCNGC13 promotes seed-setting rate by facilitating pollen tube growth in stylar tissues. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006906. [PMID: 28708858 PMCID: PMC5533464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed-setting rate is a critical determinant of grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Rapid and healthy pollen tube growth in the style is required for high seed-setting rate. The molecular mechanisms governing this process remain largely unknown. In this study, we isolate a dominant low seed-setting rate rice mutant, sss1-D. Cellular examination results show that pollen tube growth is blocked in about half of the mutant styles. Molecular cloning and functional assays reveals that SSS1-D encodes OsCNGC13, a member of the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel family. OsCNGC13 is preferentially expressed in the pistils and its expression is dramatically reduced in the heterozygous plant, suggesting a haploinsufficiency nature for the dominant mutant phenotype. We show that OsCNGC13 is permeable to Ca2+. Consistent with this, accumulation of cytoplasmic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) is defective in the sss1-D mutant style after pollination. Further, the sss1-D mutant has altered extracellular matrix (ECM) components and delayed cell death in the style transmission tract (STT). Based on these results, we propose that OsCNGC13 acts as a novel maternal sporophytic factor required for stylar [Ca2+]cyt accumulation, ECM components modification and STT cell death, thus facilitating the penetration of pollen tube in the style for successful double fertilization and seed-setting in rice. Rice is not only the staple food for more than half of the world’s population, but also a model species for plant developmental and genetic studies. After pollination, rice pollen grains adhere and hydrate at the surface of stigmatic papilla cells. Then, the germinated pollen tubes invade the stigma and navigate through the style transmission tract to reach the micropyle of the embryo sac for fertilization. During this long and arduous process, pollen tube requires abundant communication with the surrounding sporophytic maternal tissues. However, how the growth of pollen tube is regulated by maternal tissue remains largely elusive. This work identifies a typical cyclic nucleotide-gated channel protein in rice, OsCNGC13, which can mediate Ca2+ inward current. Our results suggest that OsCNGC13 acts as a novel maternal sporophytic factor required for stylar [Ca2+]cyt accumulation, extracellular matrix components modification and style cell death, thus facilitating the penetration of pollen tube in the style for successful double fertilization and seed-setting in rice. These findings provide new insights into the molecular genetic control mechanisms of seed-setting rate/grain yield in rice and expand our knowledge on the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel proteins in plant sexual reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiachang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqing Wu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qibing Lin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanyin Wu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Johnson KL, Cassin AM, Lonsdale A, Wong GKS, Soltis DE, Miles NW, Melkonian M, Melkonian B, Deyholos MK, Leebens-Mack J, Rothfels CJ, Stevenson DW, Graham SW, Wang X, Wu S, Pires JC, Edger PP, Carpenter EJ, Bacic A, Doblin MS, Schultz CJ. Insights into the Evolution of Hydroxyproline-Rich Glycoproteins from 1000 Plant Transcriptomes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:904-921. [PMID: 28446636 PMCID: PMC5462033 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The carbohydrate-rich cell walls of land plants and algae have been the focus of much interest given the value of cell wall-based products to our current and future economies. Hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs), a major group of wall glycoproteins, play important roles in plant growth and development, yet little is known about how they have evolved in parallel with the polysaccharide components of walls. We investigate the origins and evolution of the HRGP superfamily, which is commonly divided into three major multigene families: the arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), extensins (EXTs), and proline-rich proteins. Using motif and amino acid bias, a newly developed bioinformatics pipeline, we identified HRGPs in sequences from the 1000 Plants transcriptome project (www.onekp.com). Our analyses provide new insights into the evolution of HRGPs across major evolutionary milestones, including the transition to land and the early radiation of angiosperms. Significantly, data mining reveals the origin of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored AGPs in green algae and a 3- to 4-fold increase in GPI-AGPs in liverworts and mosses. The first detection of cross-linking (CL)-EXTs is observed in bryophytes, which suggests that CL-EXTs arose though the juxtaposition of preexisting SPn EXT glycomotifs with refined Y-based motifs. We also detected the loss of CL-EXT in a few lineages, including the grass family (Poaceae), that have a cell wall composition distinct from other monocots and eudicots. A key challenge in HRGP research is tracking individual HRGPs throughout evolution. Using the 1000 Plants output, we were able to find putative orthologs of Arabidopsis pollen-specific GPI-AGPs in basal eudicots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim L Johnson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (K.L.J., A.M.C., A.L., A.B., M.S.D.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China (G.K.-S.W., E.J.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611 (D.E.S., N.W.M.)
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D50674 Cologne, Germany (M.M., B.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada (M.K.D.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3062 (J.L.-M.)
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.J.R.)
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 (D.W.S.)
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada (S.W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.W., S.W.)
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.C.P.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (P.P.E.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.J.S.)
| | - Andrew M Cassin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (K.L.J., A.M.C., A.L., A.B., M.S.D.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China (G.K.-S.W., E.J.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611 (D.E.S., N.W.M.)
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D50674 Cologne, Germany (M.M., B.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada (M.K.D.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3062 (J.L.-M.)
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.J.R.)
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 (D.W.S.)
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada (S.W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.W., S.W.)
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.C.P.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (P.P.E.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.J.S.)
| | - Andrew Lonsdale
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (K.L.J., A.M.C., A.L., A.B., M.S.D.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China (G.K.-S.W., E.J.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611 (D.E.S., N.W.M.)
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D50674 Cologne, Germany (M.M., B.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada (M.K.D.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3062 (J.L.-M.)
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.J.R.)
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 (D.W.S.)
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada (S.W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.W., S.W.)
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.C.P.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (P.P.E.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.J.S.)
| | - Gane Ka-Shu Wong
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (K.L.J., A.M.C., A.L., A.B., M.S.D.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China (G.K.-S.W., E.J.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611 (D.E.S., N.W.M.)
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D50674 Cologne, Germany (M.M., B.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada (M.K.D.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3062 (J.L.-M.)
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.J.R.)
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 (D.W.S.)
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada (S.W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.W., S.W.)
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.C.P.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (P.P.E.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.J.S.)
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (K.L.J., A.M.C., A.L., A.B., M.S.D.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China (G.K.-S.W., E.J.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611 (D.E.S., N.W.M.)
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D50674 Cologne, Germany (M.M., B.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada (M.K.D.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3062 (J.L.-M.)
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.J.R.)
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 (D.W.S.)
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada (S.W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.W., S.W.)
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.C.P.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (P.P.E.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.J.S.)
| | - Nicholas W Miles
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (K.L.J., A.M.C., A.L., A.B., M.S.D.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China (G.K.-S.W., E.J.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611 (D.E.S., N.W.M.)
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D50674 Cologne, Germany (M.M., B.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada (M.K.D.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3062 (J.L.-M.)
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.J.R.)
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 (D.W.S.)
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada (S.W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.W., S.W.)
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.C.P.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (P.P.E.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.J.S.)
| | - Michael Melkonian
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (K.L.J., A.M.C., A.L., A.B., M.S.D.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China (G.K.-S.W., E.J.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611 (D.E.S., N.W.M.)
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D50674 Cologne, Germany (M.M., B.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada (M.K.D.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3062 (J.L.-M.)
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.J.R.)
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 (D.W.S.)
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada (S.W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.W., S.W.)
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.C.P.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (P.P.E.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.J.S.)
| | - Barbara Melkonian
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (K.L.J., A.M.C., A.L., A.B., M.S.D.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China (G.K.-S.W., E.J.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611 (D.E.S., N.W.M.)
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D50674 Cologne, Germany (M.M., B.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada (M.K.D.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3062 (J.L.-M.)
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.J.R.)
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 (D.W.S.)
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada (S.W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.W., S.W.)
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.C.P.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (P.P.E.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.J.S.)
| | - Michael K Deyholos
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (K.L.J., A.M.C., A.L., A.B., M.S.D.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China (G.K.-S.W., E.J.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611 (D.E.S., N.W.M.)
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D50674 Cologne, Germany (M.M., B.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada (M.K.D.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3062 (J.L.-M.)
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.J.R.)
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 (D.W.S.)
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada (S.W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.W., S.W.)
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.C.P.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (P.P.E.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.J.S.)
| | - James Leebens-Mack
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (K.L.J., A.M.C., A.L., A.B., M.S.D.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China (G.K.-S.W., E.J.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611 (D.E.S., N.W.M.)
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D50674 Cologne, Germany (M.M., B.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada (M.K.D.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3062 (J.L.-M.)
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.J.R.)
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 (D.W.S.)
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada (S.W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.W., S.W.)
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.C.P.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (P.P.E.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.J.S.)
| | - Carl J Rothfels
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (K.L.J., A.M.C., A.L., A.B., M.S.D.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China (G.K.-S.W., E.J.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611 (D.E.S., N.W.M.)
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D50674 Cologne, Germany (M.M., B.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada (M.K.D.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3062 (J.L.-M.)
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.J.R.)
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 (D.W.S.)
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada (S.W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.W., S.W.)
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.C.P.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (P.P.E.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.J.S.)
| | - Dennis W Stevenson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (K.L.J., A.M.C., A.L., A.B., M.S.D.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China (G.K.-S.W., E.J.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611 (D.E.S., N.W.M.)
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D50674 Cologne, Germany (M.M., B.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada (M.K.D.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3062 (J.L.-M.)
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.J.R.)
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 (D.W.S.)
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada (S.W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.W., S.W.)
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.C.P.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (P.P.E.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.J.S.)
| | - Sean W Graham
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (K.L.J., A.M.C., A.L., A.B., M.S.D.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China (G.K.-S.W., E.J.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611 (D.E.S., N.W.M.)
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D50674 Cologne, Germany (M.M., B.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada (M.K.D.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3062 (J.L.-M.)
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.J.R.)
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 (D.W.S.)
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada (S.W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.W., S.W.)
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.C.P.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (P.P.E.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.J.S.)
| | - Xumin Wang
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (K.L.J., A.M.C., A.L., A.B., M.S.D.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China (G.K.-S.W., E.J.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611 (D.E.S., N.W.M.)
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D50674 Cologne, Germany (M.M., B.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada (M.K.D.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3062 (J.L.-M.)
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.J.R.)
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 (D.W.S.)
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada (S.W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.W., S.W.)
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.C.P.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (P.P.E.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.J.S.)
| | - Shuangxiu Wu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (K.L.J., A.M.C., A.L., A.B., M.S.D.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China (G.K.-S.W., E.J.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611 (D.E.S., N.W.M.)
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D50674 Cologne, Germany (M.M., B.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada (M.K.D.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3062 (J.L.-M.)
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.J.R.)
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 (D.W.S.)
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada (S.W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.W., S.W.)
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.C.P.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (P.P.E.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.J.S.)
| | - J Chris Pires
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (K.L.J., A.M.C., A.L., A.B., M.S.D.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China (G.K.-S.W., E.J.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611 (D.E.S., N.W.M.)
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D50674 Cologne, Germany (M.M., B.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada (M.K.D.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3062 (J.L.-M.)
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.J.R.)
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 (D.W.S.)
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada (S.W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.W., S.W.)
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.C.P.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (P.P.E.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.J.S.)
| | - Patrick P Edger
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (K.L.J., A.M.C., A.L., A.B., M.S.D.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China (G.K.-S.W., E.J.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611 (D.E.S., N.W.M.)
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D50674 Cologne, Germany (M.M., B.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada (M.K.D.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3062 (J.L.-M.)
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.J.R.)
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 (D.W.S.)
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada (S.W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.W., S.W.)
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.C.P.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (P.P.E.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.J.S.)
| | - Eric J Carpenter
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (K.L.J., A.M.C., A.L., A.B., M.S.D.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China (G.K.-S.W., E.J.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611 (D.E.S., N.W.M.)
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D50674 Cologne, Germany (M.M., B.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada (M.K.D.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3062 (J.L.-M.)
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.J.R.)
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 (D.W.S.)
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada (S.W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.W., S.W.)
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.C.P.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (P.P.E.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.J.S.)
| | - Antony Bacic
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (K.L.J., A.M.C., A.L., A.B., M.S.D.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China (G.K.-S.W., E.J.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611 (D.E.S., N.W.M.)
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D50674 Cologne, Germany (M.M., B.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada (M.K.D.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3062 (J.L.-M.)
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.J.R.)
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 (D.W.S.)
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada (S.W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.W., S.W.)
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.C.P.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (P.P.E.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.J.S.)
| | - Monika S Doblin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (K.L.J., A.M.C., A.L., A.B., M.S.D.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China (G.K.-S.W., E.J.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611 (D.E.S., N.W.M.)
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D50674 Cologne, Germany (M.M., B.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada (M.K.D.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3062 (J.L.-M.)
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.J.R.)
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 (D.W.S.)
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada (S.W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.W., S.W.)
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.C.P.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (P.P.E.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.J.S.)
| | - Carolyn J Schultz
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (K.L.J., A.M.C., A.L., A.B., M.S.D.);
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China (G.K.-S.W., E.J.C.);
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611 (D.E.S., N.W.M.);
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D50674 Cologne, Germany (M.M., B.M.);
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada (M.K.D.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3062 (J.L.-M.);
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.J.R.);
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 (D.W.S.);
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada (S.W.G.);
- Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.W., S.W.);
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (J.C.P.);
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (P.P.E.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.J.S.)
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Losada JM, Herrero M. Pollen tube access to the ovule is mediated by glycoprotein secretion on the obturator of apple (Malus × domestica, Borkh). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:989-1000. [PMID: 28137704 PMCID: PMC5604596 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Within the ovary, the obturator bridges the pathway of the pollen tube from the style to the ovule. Despite its widespread presence among flowering plants, its function has only been studied in a handful of species, and the molecules involved in pollen tube-obturator cross-talk have not been explored hitherto. This work evaluates the involvement of glucans and glycoproteins on pollen tube growth in the obturator of apple flowers ( Malus × domestica) . METHODS Pollen tube kinetics were sequentially examined in the pistil and related to changes occurring on the obturator using histochemistry and inmunocytochemistry. To discriminate between changes in the obturator induced by pollen tubes from those developmentally regulated, both pollinated and unpollinated pistils were examined. KEY RESULTS Pollen tube growth rates were slow in the stigma, faster in the style and slow again in the ovary. The arrival of pollen tubes at the obturator was concomitant with the secretion of proteins, saccharides and glycoprotein epitopes belonging to extensins and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). While some of these secretions - extensins and AGPs labelled by JIM13 - were developmentally regulated, others - AGPs labelled by JIM8 - were elicited by the presence of pollen tubes. Following pollen tube passage, all these glycoproteins were depleted. CONCLUSIONS The results show a timely secretion of glycoproteins on the obturator surface concomitant with pollen tube arrival at this structure. The fact that their secretion is depleted following pollen tube passage strongly suggests their role in regulating pollen tube access to the ovule. Remarkably, both the regulation of the secretion of the different glycoproteins, as well as their association with the performance of pollen tubes exhibit similarities with those observed in the stigma, in line with their common developmental origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Losada
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, 1300 Centre St, Boston, MA 02131, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 80 Waterman Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Pomology Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station-CSIC, Avda Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Herrero
- Pomology Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station-CSIC, Avda Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
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39
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Jiao J, Mizukami AG, Sankaranarayanan S, Yamguchi J, Itami K, Higashiyawma T. Structure-Activity Relation of AMOR Sugar Molecule That Activates Pollen-Tubes for Ovular Guidance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:354-363. [PMID: 27913739 PMCID: PMC5210764 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Successful fertilization in flowering plants depends on the precise directional growth control of pollen tube through the female pistil tissue toward the female gametophyte contained in the ovule for delivery of nonmotile sperm cells. Cys-rich peptides LUREs secreted from the synergid cells on either side of the egg cell act as ovular attractants of pollen tubes. Competency control by the pistil is crucial for the response of pollen tubes to these ovular attractants. We recently reported that ovular 4-O-methyl-glucuronosyl arabinogalactan (AMOR) induces competency of the pollen tube to respond to ovular attractant LURE peptides in Torenia fournieri. The beta isomer of the terminal disaccharide 4-O-methyl-glucuronosyl galactose was essential and sufficient for the competency induction. However, critical and noncritical structures in the disaccharide have not been dissected deeply. Herein, we report the synthesis of new AMOR analogs and the structure-activity relationships for AMOR activity in the presence of these synthesized analogs. Removal of 4-O-methyl group or -COOH from the glucuronosyl residue of the disaccharide dramatically reduces AMOR activity. The pyranose backbone of the second sugar of disaccharide is essential for the activity but not hydroxy groups. The role of beta isomer of the disaccharide 4-Me-GlcA-β(1,6)-Gal is very specific for competency control, as there was no difference in effect among the sugar analogs tested for pollen germination. This study represents the first structure-activity relationship study, to our knowledge, of a sugar molecule involved in plant reproduction, which opens a way for modification of the molecule without loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan (J.J., S.S., K.I., T.H.)
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan (A.G.M., J.Y., K.I., T.H.); and
- JST ERATO, Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Akane G Mizukami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan (J.J., S.S., K.I., T.H.)
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan (A.G.M., J.Y., K.I., T.H.); and
- JST ERATO, Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Subramanian Sankaranarayanan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan (J.J., S.S., K.I., T.H.)
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan (A.G.M., J.Y., K.I., T.H.); and
- JST ERATO, Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Junichiro Yamguchi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan (J.J., S.S., K.I., T.H.)
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan (A.G.M., J.Y., K.I., T.H.); and
- JST ERATO, Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan (J.J., S.S., K.I., T.H.);
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan (A.G.M., J.Y., K.I., T.H.); and
- JST ERATO, Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyawma
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan (J.J., S.S., K.I., T.H.);
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan (A.G.M., J.Y., K.I., T.H.); and
- JST ERATO, Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan (T.H.)
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Pereira AM, Lopes AL, Coimbra S. Arabinogalactan Proteins as Interactors along the Crosstalk between the Pollen Tube and the Female Tissues. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1895. [PMID: 28018417 PMCID: PMC5159419 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) have long been considered to be implicated in several steps of the reproductive process of flowering plants. Pollen tube growth along the pistil tissues requires a multiplicity of signaling pathways to be activated and turned off precisely, at crucial timepoints, to guarantee successful fertilization and seed production. In the recent years, an outstanding effort has been made by the plant reproduction scientific community in order to better understand this process. This resulted in the discovery of a fairly substantial number of new players essential for reproduction, as well as their modes of action and interactions. Besides all the indications of AGPs involvement in reproduction, there were no convincing evidences about it. Recently, several studies came out to prove what had long been suggested about this complex family of glycoproteins. AGPs consist of a large family of hydroxyproline-rich proteins, predicted to be anchored to the plasma membrane and extremely rich in sugars. These two last characteristics always made them perfect candidates to be involved in signaling mechanisms, in several plant developmental processes. New findings finally relate AGPs to concrete functions in plant reproduction. In this review, it is intended not only to describe how different molecules and signaling pathways are functioning to achieve fertilization, but also to integrate the recent discoveries about AGPs along this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences InstitutePorto, Portugal
| | - Ana L. Lopes
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences InstitutePorto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences InstitutePorto, Portugal
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Trivellini A, Cocetta G, Hunter DA, Vernieri P, Ferrante A. Spatial and temporal transcriptome changes occurring during flower opening and senescence of the ephemeral hibiscus flower, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5919-5931. [PMID: 27591432 PMCID: PMC5091337 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Flowers are complex systems whose vegetative and sexual structures initiate and die in a synchronous manner. The rapidity of this process varies widely in flowers, with some lasting for months while others such as Hibiscus rosa-sinensis survive for only a day. The genetic regulation underlying these differences is unclear. To identify key genes and pathways that coordinate floral organ senescence of ephemeral flowers, we identified transcripts in H. rosa-sinensis floral organs by 454 sequencing. During development, 2053 transcripts increased and 2135 decreased significantly in abundance. The senescence of the flower was associated with increased abundance of many hydrolytic genes, including aspartic and cysteine proteases, vacuolar processing enzymes, and nucleases. Pathway analysis suggested that transcripts altering significantly in abundance were enriched in functions related to cell wall-, aquaporin-, light/circadian clock-, autophagy-, and calcium-related genes. Finding enrichment in light/circadian clock-related genes fits well with the observation that hibiscus floral development is highly synchronized with light and the hypothesis that ageing/senescence of the flower is orchestrated by a molecular clock. Further study of these genes will provide novel insight into how the molecular clock is able to regulate the timing of programmed cell death in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Trivellini
- Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cocetta
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Donald A Hunter
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Paolo Vernieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi Milano, Milan, Italy
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Pereira AM, Lopes AL, Coimbra S. JAGGER, an AGP essential for persistent synergid degeneration and polytubey block in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1209616. [PMID: 27413888 PMCID: PMC5022411 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1209616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A precise control of sperm cells delivery and fusion to the egg cell and the central cell is fundamental for the accomplishment of successful double fertilization in flowering plants. This is mostly regulated by female gametophyte egg and central cells, which control the timing of synergids cell degeneration. We recently identified an arabinogalactan protein, AGP4, named JAGGER, that impairs the persistent synergid degeneration, and consequently leads to the attraction of more than one pollen tube into one embryo sac, a situation termed polytubey. jagger mutants revealed an increased rate of polytubey and persistent synergids that do not degenerate. This persistent synergid, is, as we suggested, the cell responsible for attracting an extra pollen tube into the embryo sacs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marta Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Lúcia Lopes
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Porto, Portugal
- CONTACT Sílvia Coimbra
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Hafidh S, Fíla J, Honys D. Male gametophyte development and function in angiosperms: a general concept. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2016; 29:31-51. [PMID: 26728623 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-015-0272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Overview of pollen development. Male gametophyte development of angiosperms is a complex process that requires coordinated activity of different cell types and tissues of both gametophytic and sporophytic origin and the appropriate specific gene expression. Pollen ontogeny is also an excellent model for the dissection of cellular networks that control cell growth, polarity, cellular differentiation and cell signaling. This article describes two sequential phases of angiosperm pollen ontogenesis-developmental phase leading to the formation of mature pollen grains, and a functional or progamic phase, beginning with the impact of the grains on the stigma surface and ending at double fertilization. Here we present an overview of important cellular processes in pollen development and explosive pollen tube growth stressing the importance of reserves accumulation and mobilization and also the mutual activation of pollen tube and pistil tissues, pollen tube guidance and the communication between male and female gametophytes. We further describe the recent advances in regulatory mechanisms involved such as posttranscriptional regulation (including mass transcript storage) and posttranslational modifications to modulate protein function, intracellular metabolic signaling, ionic gradients such as Ca(2+) and H(+) ions, cell wall synthesis, protein secretion and intercellular signaling within the reproductive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Hafidh
- Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, v.v.i., Rozvojová 263, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fíla
- Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, v.v.i., Rozvojová 263, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Honys
- Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, v.v.i., Rozvojová 263, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Lopes AL, Costa ML, Sobral R, Costa MM, Amorim MI, Coimbra S. Arabinogalactan proteins and pectin distribution during female gametogenesis in Quercus suber L. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 117:949-61. [PMID: 26994101 PMCID: PMC4866308 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Quercus suber L. (cork oak) is one of the most important monoecious tree species in semi-arid regions of Southern Europe, with a high ecological value and economic potential. However, as a result of its long reproductive cycle, complex reproductive biology and recalcitrant seeds, conventional breeding is demanding. In its complex reproductive biology, little is known about the most important changes that occur during female gametogenesis. Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) and pectins are the main components of plant cell walls and have been reported to perform common functions in cell differentiation and organogenesis of reproductive plant structures. AGPs have been shown to serve as important molecules in several steps of the reproductive process in plants, working as signalling molecules, associated with the sporophyte-gametophyte transition, and pectins have been implicated in pollen-pistil interactions before double fertilization. In this study, the distribution of AGP and pectin epitopes was assessed during female gametogenesis. METHODS Immunofluorescence labelling of female flower cells was performed with a set of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed to the carbohydrate moiety of AGPs (JIM8 and JIM13) and pectic homogalacturonans (HGs) (mAbs JIM5 and JIM7). KEY RESULTS The selective labelling obtained with AGP and pectin mAbs JIM8, JIM13, JIM5 and JIM7 during Q. suber female gametogenesis shows that AGPs and pectic HG can work as markers for mapping gametophytic cell differentiation in this species. Pectic HG showed different distribution patterns, depending on their levels of methyl esterification. Methyl-esterified HGs showed a uniform distribution in the overall female flower cells before fertilization and a more specific pattern after fertilization. A low methyl-ester pectin distribution pattern during the different developmental stages appears to be related to the pathway that pollen tubes follow to reach the embryo sac. AGPs showed a more sparse distribution in early stages of development, but specific labelling is shown in the synergids and their filiform apparatus. CONCLUSIONS The labelling obtained with anti-AGP and anti-pectin mAbs in Q. suber female flower cells showed a dynamic distribution of AGPs and pectic HGs, which may render these molecules useful molecular markers during female gametogenesis. Changes occurring during development will be determined in order to help describe cork oak ovule structural properties before and after fertilization, providing new insight to better understand Q. suber female gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Lopes
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Luís Costa
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal and
| | - Rómulo Sobral
- University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal and Plant Functional Biology Centre, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Costa
- University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal and Plant Functional Biology Centre, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Maria Isabel Amorim
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal and
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal and
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Dresselhaus T, Coimbra S. Plant Reproduction: AMOR Enables Males to Respond to Female Signals. Curr Biol 2016; 26:R321-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fang K, Zhang W, Xing Y, Zhang Q, Yang L, Cao Q, Qin L. Boron Toxicity Causes Multiple Effects on Malus domestica Pollen Tube Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:208. [PMID: 26955377 PMCID: PMC4768074 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Boron is an important micronutrient for plants. However, boron is also toxic to cells at high concentrations, although the mechanism of this toxicity is not known. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of boron toxicity on Malus domestica pollen tube growth and its possible regulatory pathway. Our results showed that a high concentration of boron inhibited pollen germination and tube growth and led to the morphological abnormality of pollen tubes. Fluorescent labeling coupled with a scanning ion-selective electrode technique detected that boron toxicity could decrease [Ca(2+)]c and induce the disappearance of the [Ca(2+)]c gradient, which are critical for pollen tube polar growth. Actin filaments were therefore altered by boron toxicity. Immuno-localization and fluorescence labeling, together with fourier-transform infrared analysis, suggested that boron toxicity influenced the accumulation and distribution of callose, de-esterified pectins, esterified pectins, and arabinogalactan proteins in pollen tubes. All of the above results provide new insights into the regulatory role of boron in pollen tube development. In summary, boron likely plays a structural and regulatory role in relation to [Ca(2+)]c, actin cytoskeleton and cell wall components and thus regulates Malus domestica pollen germination and tube polar growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ling Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing, China
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47
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Fang K, Gao S, Zhang W, Xing Y, Cao Q, Qin L. Addition of Phenylboronic Acid to Malus domestica Pollen Tubes Alters Calcium Dynamics, Disrupts Actin Filaments and Affects Cell Wall Architecture. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149232. [PMID: 26886907 PMCID: PMC4757038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A key role of boron in plants is to cross-link the cell wall pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II) through borate diester linkages. Phenylboronic acid (PBA) can form the same reversible ester bonds but cannot cross-link two molecules, so can be used as an antagonist to study the function of boron. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PBA on apple (Malus domestica) pollen tube growth and the underlying regulatory mechanism. We observed that PBA caused an inhibition of pollen germination, tube growth and led to pollen tube morphological abnormalities. Fluorescent labeling, coupled with a scanning ion-selective electrode technique, revealed that PBA induced an increase in extracellular Ca2+ influx, thereby elevating the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]c and disrupting the [Ca2+]c gradient, which is critical for pollen tube growth. Moreover the organization of actin filaments was severely perturbed by the PBA treatment. Immunolocalization studies and fluorescent labeling, together with Fourier-transform infrared analysis (FTIR) suggested that PBA caused an increase in the abundance of callose, de-esterified pectins and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) at the tip. However, it had no effect on the deposition of the wall polymers cellulose. These effects are similar to those of boron deficiency in roots and other organs, indicating that PBA can induce boron deficiency symptoms. The results provide new insights into the roles of boron in pollen tube development, which likely include regulating [Ca2+]c and the formation of the actin cytoskeleton, in addition to the synthesis and assembly of cell wall components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Sai Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yu Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qingqin Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
- * E-mail:
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48
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Raimundo SC, Avci U, Hopper C, Pattathil S, Hahn MG, Popper ZA. Immunolocalization of cell wall carbohydrate epitopes in seaweeds: presence of land plant epitopes in Fucus vesiculosus L. (Phaeophyceae). PLANTA 2016; 243:337-54. [PMID: 26411728 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Land plant cell wall glycan epitopes are present in Fucus vesiculosus. RG-I/AG mAbs recognize distinct glycan epitopes in structurally different galactans, and 3-linked glucans are also present in the cell walls. Cell wall-directed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have given increased knowledge of fundamental land plant processes but are not extensively used to study seaweeds. We profiled the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus glycome employing 155 mAbs that recognize predominantly vascular plant cell wall glycan components. The resulting profile was used to inform in situ labeling studies. Several of the mAbs recognized and bound to epitopes present in different thallus parts of Fucus vesiculosus. Antibodies recognizing arabinogalactan epitopes were divided into four groups based on their immunolocalization patterns. Group 1 bound to the stipe, blade, and receptacles. Group 2 bound to the antheridia, oogonia and paraphyses. Group 3 recognized antheridia cell walls and Group 4 localized on the antheridia inner wall and oogonia mesochite. This study reveals that epitopes present in vascular plant cell walls are also present in brown seaweeds. Furthermore, the diverse in situ localization patterns of the RG-I/AG clade mAbs suggest that these mAbs likely detect distinct epitopes present in structurally different galactans. In addition, 3-linked glucans were also detected throughout the cell walls of the algal tissues, using the β-glucan-directed LAMP mAb. Our results give insights into cell wall evolution, and diversify the available tools for the study of brown seaweed cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cristina Raimundo
- Botany and Plant Science and Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Utku Avci
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Christina Hopper
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Sivakumar Pattathil
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Michael G Hahn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Zoë A Popper
- Botany and Plant Science and Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Liu Y, Joly V, Dorion S, Rivoal J, Matton DP. The Plant Ovule Secretome: A Different View toward Pollen-Pistil Interactions. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4763-75. [PMID: 26387803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During plant sexual reproduction, continuous exchange of signals between the pollen and the pistil (stigma, style, and ovary) plays important roles in pollen recognition and selection, establishing breeding barriers and, ultimately, leading to optimal seed set. After navigating through the stigma and the style, pollen tubes (PTs) reach their final destination, the ovule. This ultimate step is also regulated by numerous signals emanating from the embryo sac (ES) of the ovule. These signals encompass a wide variety of molecules, but species-specificity of the pollen-ovule interaction relies mainly on secreted proteins and their receptors. Isolation of candidate genes involved in pollen-pistil interactions has mainly relied on transcriptomic approaches, overlooking potential post-transcriptional regulation. To address this issue, ovule exudates were collected from the wild potato species Solanum chacoense using a tissue-free gravity-extraction method (tf-GEM). Combined RNA-seq and mass spectrometry-based proteomics led to the identification of 305 secreted proteins, of which 58% were ovule-specific. Comparative analyses using mature ovules (attracting PTs) and immature ovules (not attracting PTs) revealed that the last maturation step of ES development affected almost half of the ovule secretome. Of 128 upregulated proteins in anthesis stage, 106 were not regulated at the mRNA level, emphasizing the importance of post-transcriptional regulation in reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal , 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Québec H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Valentin Joly
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal , 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Québec H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Sonia Dorion
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal , 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Québec H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Jean Rivoal
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal , 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Québec H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Daniel P Matton
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal , 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Québec H1X 2B2, Canada
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L-Fucose-containing arabinogalactan-protein in radish leaves. Carbohydr Res 2015; 415:1-11. [PMID: 26267887 PMCID: PMC4610949 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The carbohydrate moieties of arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) have β-(1 → 3)-galactan backbones to which side chains of (1 → 6)-linked β-Gal residues are attached through O-6. Some of these side chains are further substituted with other sugars. We investigated the structure of L-Fuc-containing oligosaccharides released from the carbohydrate moieties of a radish leaf AGP by digestion with α-L-arabinofuranosidase, followed by exo-β-(1 → 3)-galactanase. We detected a series of neutral β-(1 → 6)-galactooligosaccharides branching variously at O-3 of the Gal residues, together with corresponding acidic derivatives terminating in 4-O-methyl-GlcA (4-Me-GlcA) or GlcA at the non-reducing terminals. In neutral oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization (dp) mainly higher than 10, L-Fuc groups were attached through L-Ara residues as the sequence, α-L-Fucp-(1 → 2)-α-L-Araf-(1 →. This sequence was verified by isolation of the pentasaccharide α-L-Fuc-(1 → 2)-α-L-Araf-(1 → 3)-β-Gal-(1 → 6)-β-Gal-(1 → 6)-Gal upon digestion of the higher oligosaccharides with endo-β-(1 → 6)-galactanase. By contrast, in lower polymerized (predominantly dp 4) acidic oligosaccharides, L-Fuc groups were attached directly at the non-reducing terminals through α-(1 → 2)-linkages, resulting in the release of the tetrasaccharides, α-L-Fucp-(1 → 2)-β-GlcA-(1 → 6)-β-Gal-(1 → 6)-Gal and α-L-Fucp-(1 → 2)-β-4-Me-GlcA-(1 → 6)-β-Gal-(1 → 6)-Gal. In long acidic oligosaccharides with dp mainly higher than 13, L-Fuc groups localized on branches were attached to the uronic acids directly and/or L-Ara residues as in the neutral oligosaccharides.
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