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Chen X, Gao J, Shen Y. Abscisic acid controls sugar accumulation essential to strawberry fruit ripening via the FaRIPK1-FaTCP7-FaSTP13/FaSPT module. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:1400-1417. [PMID: 38815085 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Strawberry is considered as a model plant for studying the ripening of abscisic acid (ABA)-regulated non-climacteric fruits, a process in which sugar plays a fundamental role, while how ABA regulates sugar accumulation remains unclear. This study provides a direct line of physiological, biochemical, and molecular evidence that ABA signaling regulates sugar accumulation via the FaRIPK1-FaTCP7-FaSTP13/FaSPT signaling pathway. Herein, FaRIPK1, a red-initial protein kinase 1 previously identified in strawberry fruit, not only interacted with the transcription factor FaTCP7 (TEOSINTE BRANCHEN 1, CYCLOIDEA, and PCF) but also phosphorylated the critical Ser89 and Thr93 sites of FaTCP7, which negatively regulated strawberry fruit ripening, as evidenced by the transient overexpression (OE) and virus-induced gene silencing transgenic system. Furthermore, the DAP-seq experiments revealed that FvTCP7 bound the motif "GTGGNNCCCNC" in the promoters of two sugar transporter genes, FaSTP13 (sugar transport protein 13) and FaSPT (sugar phosphate/phosphate translocator), inhibiting their transcription activities as determined by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, yeast one-hybrid, and dual-luciferase reporter assays. The downregulated FaSTP13 and FaSPT transcripts in the FaTCP7-OE fruit resulted in a reduction in soluble sugar content. Consistently, the yeast absorption test revealed that the two transporters had hexose transport activity. Especially, the phosphorylation-inhibited binding of FaTCP7 to the promoters of FaSTP13 and FaSPT could result in the release of their transcriptional activities. In addition, the phosphomimetic form FaTCP7S89D or FaTCP7T93D could rescue the phenotype of FaTCP7-OE fruits. Importantly, exogenous ABA treatment enhanced the FaRIPK1-FaTCP7 interaction. Overall, we found direct evidence that ABA signaling controls sugar accumulation during strawberry fruit ripening via the "FaRIPK1-FaTCP7-FaSTP13/FaSPT" module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexue Chen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 BeiNong Road, Beijing, 102206, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiahui Gao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 BeiNong Road, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuanyue Shen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 BeiNong Road, Beijing, 102206, China
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2
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Sun M, Shen Y. Integrating the multiple functions of CHLH into chloroplast-derived signaling fundamental to plant development and adaptation as well as fruit ripening. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 338:111892. [PMID: 37821024 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl)-mediated oxygenic photosynthesis sustains life on Earth. Greening leaves play fundamental roles in plant growth and crop yield, correlating with the idea that more Chls lead to better adaptation. However, they face significant challenges from various unfavorable environments. Chl biosynthesis hinges on the first committed step, which involves inserting Mg2+ into protoporphyrin. This step is facilitated by the H subunit of magnesium chelatase (CHLH) and features a conserved mechanism from cyanobacteria to plants. For better adaptation to fluctuating land environments, especially drought, CHLH evolves multiple biological functions, including Chl biosynthesis, retrograde signaling, and abscisic acid (ABA) responses. Additionally, it integrates into various chloroplast-derived signaling pathways, encompassing both retrograde signaling and hormonal signaling. The former comprises ROS (reactive oxygen species), heme, GUN (genomes uncoupled), MEcPP (methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate), β-CC (β-cyclocitral), and PAP (3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate). The latter involves phytohormones like ABA, ethylene, auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, strigolactone, brassinolide, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid. Together, these elements create a coordinated regulatory network tailored to plant development and adaptation. An intriguing example is how drought-mediated improvement of fruit quality provides insights into chloroplast-derived signaling, aiding the shift from vegetative to reproductive growth. In this context, we explore the integration of CHLH's multifaceted roles into chloroplast-derived signaling, which lays the foundation for plant development and adaptation, as well as fruit ripening and quality. In the future, manipulating chloroplast-derived signaling may offer a promising avenue to enhance crop yield and quality through the homeostasis, function, and regulation of Chls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuanyue Shen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
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Mulet JM, Porcel R, Yenush L. Modulation of potassium transport to increase abiotic stress tolerance in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5989-6005. [PMID: 37611215 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Potassium is the major cation responsible for the maintenance of the ionic environment in plant cells. Stable potassium homeostasis is indispensable for virtually all cellular functions, and, concomitantly, viability. Plants must cope with environmental changes such as salt or drought that can alter ionic homeostasis. Potassium fluxes are required to regulate the essential process of transpiration, so a constraint on potassium transport may also affect the plant's response to heat, cold, or oxidative stress. Sequencing data and functional analyses have defined the potassium channels and transporters present in the genomes of different species, so we know most of the proteins directly participating in potassium homeostasis. The still unanswered questions are how these proteins are regulated and the nature of potential cross-talk with other signaling pathways controlling growth, development, and stress responses. As we gain knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of potassium homeostasis in plants, we can take advantage of this information to increase the efficiency of potassium transport and generate plants with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress through genetic engineering or new breeding techniques. Here, we review current knowledge of how modifying genes related to potassium homeostasis in plants affect abiotic stress tolerance at the whole plant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Porcel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lynne Yenush
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
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Li J, Shen Y. A clathrin-related protein FaRRP1/SCD2 integrates ABA trafficking and signaling to regulate strawberry fruit ripening. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105250. [PMID: 37714466 PMCID: PMC10582773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a critical regulator for nonclimacteric fruit ripening such as in the model plant of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). Although FaRRP1 is proposed to participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis of ABA, its action molecular mechanisms in ABA signaling are not fully understood. Here, using our isolated FaRRP1 (ripening-regulation protein) and candidate ABA receptor FaPYL2 and FaABAR from strawberry fruit, a series of silico and molecular interaction analyses demonstrate that they all bind to ABA, and FaRRP1 binds both FaPYL2 and FaABAR; by contrast, the binding affinity of FaRRP1 to FaPYL2 is relatively higher. Interestingly, the binding of FaRRP1 to FaPYL2 and FaABAR affects the perception affinity to ABA. Furthermore, exogenous ABA application and FaRRP1 transgenic analyses confirm that FaRRP1 participates in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle transport. Importantly, FaRRP1, FaPYL2, and FaABAR all trigger the initiation of strawberry fruit ripening at physiological and molecular levels. In conclusion, FaRRP1 not only binds to ABA but also affects the binding affinity of FaPYL2 and FaABAR to ABA, thus promoting strawberry fruit ripening. Our findings provide novel insights into the role of FaRRP1 in ABA trafficking and signaling, at least in strawberry, a model plant for nonclimacteric fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyue Shen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
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Chen X, Gu X, Gao F, Guo J, Shen Y. The protein kinase FvRIPK1 regulates plant morphogenesis by ABA signaling using seed genetic transformation in strawberry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1026571. [PMID: 36388498 PMCID: PMC9659869 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1026571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A strawberry RIPK1, a leu-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase, is previously demonstrated to be involved in fruit ripening as a positive regulator; however, its role in vegetable growth remains unknown. Here, based on our first establishment of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of germinating seeds in diploid strawberry by FvCHLH/FvABAR, a reporter gene that functioned in chlorophyll biosynthesis, we got FvRIPK1-RNAi mutants. Downregulation of FvRIPK1 inhibited plant morphogenesis, showing curled leaves; also, this silencing significantly reduced FvABAR and FvABI1 transcripts and promoted FvABI4, FvSnRK2.2, and FvSnRK2.6 transcripts. Interestingly, the downregulation of the FvCHLH/ABAR expression could not affect FvRIPK1 transcripts but remarkably reduced FvABI1 transcripts and promoted FvABI4, FvSnRK2.2, and FvSnRK2.6 transcripts in the contrast of the non-transgenic plants to the FvCHLH/FvABAR-RNAi plants, in which chlorophyll contents were not affected but had abscisic acid (ABA) response in stomata movement and drought stress. The distinct expression level of FvABI1 and FvABI4, together with the similar expression level of FvSnRK2.2 and FvSnRK2.6 in the FvRIPK1- and FvABAR/CHLH-RNAi plants, suggested that FvRIPK1 regulated plant morphogenesis probably by ABA signaling. In addition, FvRIPK1 interacted with FvSnRK2.6 and phosphorylated each other, thus forming the FvRIPK1-FvSnRK2.6 complex. In conclusion, our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of FvRIPK1 in plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexue Chen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Bei Jing Bei Nong Enterprise Management Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojiao Gu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Gao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxuan Guo
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyue Shen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Gao Z, Lu J, Wei X, Qi M, Yin Z, Li T. SlSnRK2.3 interacts with SlSUI1 to modulate high temperature tolerance via Abscisic acid (ABA) controlling stomatal movement in tomato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 321:111305. [PMID: 35696906 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is often exposed to high temperature stress during summer cultivation. Stomatal movement plays important roles in photosynthesis and transpiration which restricts the quality and yield of tomato under environmental stress. To elucidate the mechanism of stomatal movement in high temperature tolerance, SlSnRK2s (sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinases) silenced plants were generated in tomato with CRISPR-Cas 9 gene editing techniques. Through the observation of stomatal parameters, SlSnRK2.3 regulated stomatal closure which was responded to ABA (abscisic acid) and activated signaling pathway of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in high temperature stress. Based on the positive functions of SlSnRK2.3, the cDNA library was generated to investigate interaction proteins of SlSnRK2s. The interaction between SlSnRK2.3 and SlSUI1 (protein translation factor SUI1 homolog) was employed by Yeast two hybrid assay (Y2H), Luciferase (LUC), and Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). Finally, the specific interactive sites between SlSnRK2.3 and SlSUI1 were verified by site-directed mutagenesis. The consistent mechanism of SlSnRK2.3 and SlSUI1 in stomatal movement, indicating that SlSUI1 interacted with SlSnRK2.3 through ABA-dependent signaling pathway in high temperature stress. Our results provided evidence for improving the photosynthetic capacity of tomato under high temperature stress, and support the breeding and genetic engineering of tomato over summer facility cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China
| | - Jiazhi Lu
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China
| | - Xueying Wei
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China
| | - Zepeng Yin
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology of Liaoning Province, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China.
| | - Tianlai Li
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, PR China.
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The SnRK2 family in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): genome-wide identification and expression analyses during fruit development and under abiotic stress. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:1117-1130. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00968-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wang WR, Liang JH, Wang GF, Sun MX, Peng FT, Xiao YS. Overexpression of PpSnRK1α in tomato enhanced salt tolerance by regulating ABA signaling pathway and reactive oxygen metabolism. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:128. [PMID: 32216751 PMCID: PMC7099830 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SNF-related Kinase 1 (SnRK1) is a key component of the cell signaling network. SnRK1 is known to respond to a wide variety of stresses, but its exact role in salt stress response and tolerance is still largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, we reported that overexpression of the gene encoding the α subunit of Prunus persica SnRK1 (PpSnRK1α) in tomato could improve salt stress tolerance. The increase in salt stress tolerance in PpSnRK1α-overexpressing plants was found to correlate with increased PpSnRK1α expression level and SnRK1 kinase activity. And PpSnRK1α overexpression lines exhibited a lower level of leaf damage as well as increased proline content and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) compared with wild-type (WT) lines under salt stress. Furthermore, PpSnRK1α enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism by increasing the expression level of antioxidase genes and antioxidant enzyme activities. We further sequenced the transcriptomes of the WT and three PpSnRK1α overexpression lines using RNA-seq and identified about 1000 PpSnRK1α-regulated genes, including many antioxidant enzymes, and these genes were clearly enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway (plant), plant-pathogen interactions and plant hormone signaling transduction and can respond to stimuli, metabolic processes, and biological regulation. Furthermore, we identified the transcriptional levels of several salt stress-responsive genes, SlPP2C37, SlPYL4, SlPYL8, SlNAC022, SlNAC042, and SlSnRK2 family were altered significantly by PpSnRK1α, signifying that SnRK1α may be involved in the ABA signaling pathway to improve tomato salt tolerance. Overall, these findings provided new evidence for the underlying mechanism of SnRK1α conferment in plant salt tolerance phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that plant salt stress resistance can be affected by the regulation of the SnRK1α. Further molecular and genetic approaches will accelerate our knowledge of PpSnRK1α functions, and inform the genetic improvement of salt tolerance in tomato through genetic engineering and other related strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ru Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271000 Shandong China
| | - Jia-Hui Liang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271000 Shandong China
| | - Gui-Fang Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271000 Shandong China
| | - Mao-Xiang Sun
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271000 Shandong China
| | - Fu-Tian Peng
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271000 Shandong China
| | - Yuan-Song Xiao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271000 Shandong China
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Bai Q, Huang Y, Shen Y. The Physiological and Molecular Mechanism of Abscisic Acid in Regulation of Fleshy Fruit Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:619953. [PMID: 33505417 PMCID: PMC7829184 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.619953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The ripening of fleshy fruits is coupled with the degradation of both chlorophyll and cell walls, as well as changes in the metabolism of phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, starch/sucrose, and carotenoids. These processes are controlled by phytohormones and other factors, including abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, auxin, polyamines, sugar, and reactive oxygen species. The ripening of climacteric fruits is controlled by ethylene and non-climacteric fruit ripening is regulated mainly by ABA. Also, ABA and ethylene may interact in both types of fruit ripening. ABA concentrations in fleshy fruits are regulated in response to developmental and environmental cues and are controlled by the relative rates of ABA biosynthesis and catabolism, the former mainly via 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases (NCEDs) and β-glucosidases and the latter via ABA 8'-hydroxylases (CYP707As) and β-glycosyltransferases. In strawberry fruit ripening, ABA is perceived via at least two receptors, Pyrabactin resistance (PYR)/PYR-like (PYL) and putative abscisic acid receptor (ABAR), which are linked separately to the conserved signaling pathway ABA-FaPYR1-FaABIl-FaSnRK2 and the novel signaling pathway ABA-FaABAR-FaRIPK1-FaABI4. Downstream signaling components include important transcription factors, such as AREB (ABA responsive element binding protein)/ABF (ABRE binding factors ABA responsive factor), ethylene response factor (ERF), and V-myb Myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB), as well as ripening-related genes. Finally, a comprehensive model of ABA linked to ethylene, sugar, polyamines, auxin and reactive oxygen species in the regulation of strawberry fruit ripening is proposed. Next, new integrated mechanisms, including two ABA signaling pathways, ABA and ethylene signaling pathways, and ABA/ethylene to other phytohormones are interesting and important research topics in ripening, especially in non-climacteric fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Bai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Huang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Yun Huang,
| | - Yuanyue Shen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanyue Shen,
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Li LQ, Lyu CC, Li JH, Tong Z, Lu YF, Wang XY, Ni S, Yang SM, Zeng FC, Lu LM. Physiological Analysis and Proteome Quantification of Alligator Weed Stems in Response to Potassium Deficiency Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010221. [PMID: 30626112 PMCID: PMC6337362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The macronutrient potassium is essential to plant growth, development and stress response. Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) has a high tolerance to potassium deficiency (LK) stress. The stem is the primary organ responsible for transporting molecules from the underground root system to the aboveground parts of the plant. However, proteomic changes in response to LK stress are largely unknown in alligator weed stems. In this study, we investigated the physiological and proteomic changes in alligator weed stems under LK stress. First, the chlorophyll and soluble protein content and SOD and POD activity were significantly altered after 15 days of LK treatment. The quantitative proteomic analysis suggested that a total of 296 proteins were differentially abundant proteins (DAPs). The functional annotation analysis revealed that LK stress elicited complex proteomic alterations that were involved in oxidative phosphorylation, plant-pathogen interactions, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, sugar metabolism, and transport in stems. The subcellular locations analysis suggested 104 proteins showed chloroplastic localization, 81 proteins showed cytoplasmic localization and 40 showed nuclear localization. The protein–protein interaction analysis revealed that 56 proteins were involved in the interaction network, including 9 proteins involved in the ribosome network and 9 in the oxidative phosphorylation network. Additionally, the expressed changes of 5 DAPs were similar between the proteomic quantification analysis and the PRM-MS analysis, and the expression levels of eight genes that encode DAPs were further verified using an RT-qPCR analysis. These results provide valuable information on the adaptive mechanisms in alligator weed stems under LK stress and facilitate the development of efficient strategies for genetically engineering potassium-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qin Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Cheng-Cheng Lyu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jia-Hao Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zhu Tong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yi-Fei Lu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xi-Yao Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Su Ni
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Shi-Min Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Fu-Chun Zeng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Li-Ming Lu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Hou BZ, Xu C, Shen YY. A leu-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase, FaRIPK1, interacts with the ABA receptor, FaABAR, to regulate fruit ripening in strawberry. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1569-1582. [PMID: 29281111 PMCID: PMC5888985 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) is a model plant for studying non-climacteric fruit ripening regulated by abscisic acid (ABA); however, its exact molecular mechanisms are yet not fully understood. In this study, a predicted leu-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like kinase in strawberry, red-initial protein kinase 1 (FaRIPK1), was screened and, using a yeast two-hybrid assay, was shown to interact with a putative ABA receptor, FaABAR. This association was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation assays, and shown to occur in the nucleus. Expression analysis by real-time PCR showed that FaRIPK1 is expressed in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit, with a particularly high expression in white fruit at the onset of coloration. Down-regulation of FaRIPK1 expression in strawberry fruit, using Tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing, inhibited ripening, as evidenced by suppression of ripening-related physiological changes and reduced expression of several genes involved in softening, sugar content, pigmentation, and ABA biosynthesis and signaling. The yeast-expressed LRR and STK (serine/threonine protein kinase) domains of FaRIPK1 bound ABA and showed kinase activity, respectively. A fruit disc-incubation test revealed that FaRIPK1 expression was induced by ABA and ethylene. The synergistic action of FaRIPK1 with FaABAR in regulation of strawberry fruit ripening is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Zhu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Beijing, P. R. China
- National Plant Gene Research Center, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yue Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
- Correspondence:
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Sussmilch FC, Brodribb TJ, McAdam SAM. What are the evolutionary origins of stomatal responses to abscisic acid in land plants? JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:240-260. [PMID: 28093875 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of active stomatal closure in response to leaf water deficit, mediated by the hormone abscisic acid (ABA), has been the subject of recent debate. Two different models for the timing of the evolution of this response recur in the literature. A single-step model for stomatal control suggests that stomata evolved active, ABA-mediated control of stomatal aperture, when these structures first appeared, prior to the divergence of bryophyte and vascular plant lineages. In contrast, a gradualistic model for stomatal control proposes that the most basal vascular plant stomata responded passively to changes in leaf water status. This model suggests that active ABA-driven mechanisms for stomatal responses to water status instead evolved after the divergence of seed plants, culminating in the complex, ABA-mediated responses observed in modern angiosperms. Here we review the findings that form the basis for these two models, including recent work that provides critical molecular insights into resolving this intriguing debate, and find strong evidence to support a gradualistic model for stomatal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Sussmilch
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Assmann SM, Jegla T. Guard cell sensory systems: recent insights on stomatal responses to light, abscisic acid, and CO 2. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 33:157-167. [PMID: 27518594 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
By controlling the opening and closure of the stomatal pores through which gas exchange occurs, guard cells regulate two of the most important plant physiological processes: photosynthesis and transpiration. Accordingly, guard cells have evolved exquisite sensory systems. Here we summarize recent literature on guard cell sensing of light, drought (via the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA)), and CO2. New advances in our understanding of how guard cells satisfy the energetic and osmotic requirements of stomatal opening and utilize phosphorylation to regulate the anion channels and aquaporins involved in ABA-stimulated stomatal closure are highlighted. Omics and modeling approaches are providing new information that will ultimately allow an integrated understanding of guard cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Assmann
- Biology Department, Penn State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Timothy Jegla
- Biology Department, Penn State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, 201 Life Sciences Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
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Lu K, Liang S, Wu Z, Bi C, Yu YT, Wang XF, Zhang DP. Overexpression of an Arabidopsis cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase, CRK5, enhances abscisic acid sensitivity and confers drought tolerance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5009-27. [PMID: 27406784 PMCID: PMC5014153 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) have been reported to regulate many developmental and defense process, but only a few members have been functionally characterized. In the present study, our observations suggest that one of the RLKs, a membrane-localized cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase, CRK5, is involved in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana Overexpression of CRK5 increases ABA sensitivity in ABA-induced early seedling growth arrest and promotion of stomatal closure and inhibition of stomatal opening. Interestingly, and importantly, overexpression of CRK5 enhances plant drought tolerance without affecting plant growth at the mature stages and plant productivity. Transgenic lines overexpressing a mutated form of CRK5, CRK5 (K372E) with the change of the 372nd conserved amino acid residue from lysine to glutamic acid in its kinase domain, result in wild-type ABA and drought responses, supporting the role of CRK5 in ABA signaling. The loss-of-function mutation of the CRK5 gene does not affect the ABA response, while overexpression of two homologs of CRK5, CRK4 and CRK19, confers ABA responses, suggesting that these CRK members function redundantly. We further showed that WRKY18, WRKY40 and WRKY60 transcription factors repress the expression of CRK5, and that CRK5 likely functions upstream of ABI2 in ABA signaling. These findings help in understanding the complex ABA signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shan Liang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao Bi
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yong-Tao Yu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Wang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Da-Peng Zhang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Kmiecik P, Leonardelli M, Teige M. Novel connections in plant organellar signalling link different stress responses and signalling pathways. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3793-807. [PMID: 27053718 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To coordinate growth, development and responses to environmental stimuli, plant cells need to communicate the metabolic state between different sub-compartments of the cell. This requires signalling pathways, including protein kinases, secondary messengers such as Ca(2+) ions or reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as metabolites and plant hormones. The signalling networks involved have been intensively studied over recent decades and have been elaborated more or less in detail. However, it has become evident that these signalling networks are also tightly interconnected and often merge at common targets such as a distinct group of transcription factors, most prominently ABI4, which are amenable to regulation by phosphorylation, potentially also in a Ca(2+)- or ROS-dependent fashion. Moreover, the signalling pathways connect several organelles or subcellular compartments, not only in functional but also in physical terms, linking for example chloroplasts to the nucleus or peroxisomes to chloroplasts thereby enabling physical routes for signalling by metabolite exchange or even protein translocation. Here we briefly discuss these novel findings and try to connect them in order to point out the remaining questions and emerging developments in plant organellar signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Kmiecik
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Leonardelli
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Teige
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Ibata H, Nagatani A, Mochizuki N. CHLH/GUN5 Function in Tetrapyrrole Metabolism Is Correlated with Plastid Signaling but not ABA Responses in Guard Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1650. [PMID: 27872634 PMCID: PMC5098175 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Expression of Photosynthesis-Associated Nuclear Genes (PhANGs) is controlled by environmental stimuli and plastid-derived signals ("plastid signals") transmitting the developmental and functional status of plastids to the nucleus. Arabidopsis genomes uncoupled (gun) mutants exhibit defects in plastid signaling, leading to ectopic expression of PhANGs in the absence of chloroplast development. GUN5 encodes the plastid-localized Mg-chelatase enzyme subunit (CHLH), and recent studies suggest that CHLH is a multifunctional protein involved in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, plastid signaling and ABA responses in guard cells. To understand the basis of CHLH multifunctionality, we investigated 15 gun5 missense mutant alleles and transgenic lines expressing a series of truncated CHLH proteins in a severe gun5 allele (cch) background (tCHLHs, 10 different versions). Here, we show that Mg-chelatase function and plastid signaling are generally correlated; in contrast, based on the analysis of the gun5 missense mutant alleles, ABA-regulated stomatal control is distinct from these two other functions. We found that none of the tCHLHs could restore plastid-signaling or Mg-chelatase functions. Additionally, we found that both the C-terminal half and N-terminal half of CHLH function in ABA-induced stomatal movement.
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Vilela B, Pagès M, Riera M. Emerging roles of protein kinase CK2 in abscisic acid signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:966. [PMID: 26579189 PMCID: PMC4630567 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many aspects of plant growth and development as well as responses to multiple stresses. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation or ubiquitination have pivotal roles in the regulation of ABA signaling. In addition to the positive regulator sucrose non-fermenting-1 related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2), the relevance of the role of other protein kinases, such as CK2, has been recently highlighted. We have recently established that CK2 phosphorylates the maize ortholog of open stomata 1 OST1, ZmOST1, suggesting a role of CK2 phosphorylation in the control of ZmOST1 protein degradation (Vilela et al., 2015). CK2 is a pleiotropic enzyme involved in multiple developmental and stress-responsive pathways. This review summarizes recent advances that taken together suggest a prominent role of protein kinase CK2 in ABA signaling and related processes.
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