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Chen H, Ji H, Huang W, Zhang Z, Zhu K, Zhu S, Chai L, Ye J, Deng X. Transcription factor CrWRKY42 coregulates chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis in citrus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:728-744. [PMID: 38394457 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis, which occur almost simultaneously during fruit ripening, are essential for the coloration and nutritional value of fruits. However, the synergistic regulation of these 2 processes at the transcriptional level remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified a WRKY transcription factor, CrWRKY42, from the transcriptome data of the yellowish bud mutant "Jinlegan" ([Citrus unshiu × C. sinensis] × C. reticulata) tangor and its wild-type "Shiranui" tangor, which was involved in the transcriptional regulation of both chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways. CrWRKY42 directly bound to the promoter of β-carotene hydroxylase 1 (CrBCH1) and activated its expression. The overexpression and interference of CrWRKY42 in citrus calli demonstrated that CrWRKY42 promoted carotenoid accumulation by inducing the expression of multiple carotenoid biosynthetic genes. Further assays confirmed that CrWRKY42 also directly bound to and activated the promoters of the genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, including phytoene desaturase (CrPDS) and lycopene β-cyclase 2 (CrLCYB2). In addition, CrWRKY42 could bind to the promoters of NONYELLOW COLORING (CrNYC) and STAY-GREEN (CrSGR) and activate their expression, thus promoting chlorophyll degradation. The overexpression and silencing of CrWRKY42 in citrus fruits indicated that CrWRKY42 positively regulated chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis by synergistically activating the expression of genes involved in both pathways. Our data revealed that CrWRKY42 acts as a positive regulator of chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis to alter the conversion of citrus fruit color. Our findings provide insight into the complex transcriptional regulation of chlorophyll and carotenoid metabolism during fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Huiyu Ji
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Wenkai Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Zhehui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Kaijie Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Chai
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Junli Ye
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
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2
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Ng HM, Gondo T, Tanaka H, Akashi R. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of NYC1 gene enhances chlorophyll retention and reduces tillering in Zoysia matrella (L.) Merrill. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:50. [PMID: 38305919 PMCID: PMC10837251 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Genome editing by CRISPR/Cas9 can be applied to Z. matrella 'Wakaba', and knockout mutants of ZmNYC1 gene exhibited stay-green phenotype and reduced tillering. Zoysia matrella is a widely used C4 warm-season turfgrass for landscaping, golf courses, and sports fields. Here, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to target the Non-Yellow Coloring1 (ZmNYC1) gene in the highly heterozygous allotetraploid Z. matrella 'Wakaba', aiming to generate a novel stay-green variety. Of 441 Agrobacterium-infected calli, 22 (5.0%) were transformed, and 14 of these (63.6%) showed targeted mutations through cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences analysis. Sequencing analysis revealed mutations mostly consisting of 1 or 2 bp indels, occurring 2 to 4 bp upstream of the PAM sequence. Regenerated plants exhibited five ZmNYC1 target locus genotypes, including homozygous mutants with a complete knockout of all four alleles in the T0 generation. Under dark treatment, ZmNYC1-mutated plants displayed suppressed chlorophyll b (Chl b) degradation, leading to higher chlorophyll content and Chl b, with a lower chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b ratio compared to the wild type (WT). However, the ZmNYC1 mutation also inhibited plant growth in homozygous mutant genotypes, exhibiting reduced tillering compared to WT. Additionally, during winter simulation, mutant with a complete knockout retained greenness longer than the WT. This is the first successful use of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in zoysiagrass. The mutants of the ZmNYC1 gene would serve as valuable breeding material for developing improved zoysiagrass varieties that can maintain their green color for longer periods, even during winter dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan May Ng
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Gondo
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Tanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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3
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Luo Q, Wei W, Yang YY, Wu CJ, Chen JY, Lu WJ, Kuang JF, Shan W. E3 ligase MaNIP1 degradation of NON-YELLOW COLORING1 at high temperature inhibits banana degreening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1969-1981. [PMID: 36794407 PMCID: PMC10315274 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Banana (Musa acuminata) fruit ripening under high temperatures (>24 °C) undergoes green ripening due to failure of chlorophyll degradation, which greatly reduces marketability. However, the mechanism underlying high temperature-repressed chlorophyll catabolism in banana fruit is not yet well understood. Here, using quantitative proteomic analysis, 375 differentially expressed proteins were identified in normal yellow and green ripening in banana. Among these, one of the key enzymes involved in chlorophyll degradation, NON-YELLOW COLORING 1 (MaNYC1), exhibited reduced protein levels when banana fruit ripened under high temperature. Transient overexpression of MaNYC1 in banana peels resulted in chlorophyll degradation under high temperature, which weakens the green ripening phenotype. Importantly, high temperature induced MaNYC1 protein degradation via the proteasome pathway. A banana RING E3 ligase, NYC1-interacting protein 1 (MaNIP1), was found to interact with and ubiquitinate MaNYC1, leading to its proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, transient overexpression of MaNIP1 attenuated MaNYC1-induced chlorophyll degradation in banana fruits, indicating that MaNIP1 negatively regulates chlorophyll catabolism by affecting MaNYC1 degradation. Taken together, the findings establish a post-translational regulatory module of MaNIP1-MaNYC1 that mediates high temperature-induced green ripening in bananas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruit and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruit and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying-ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruit and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chao-jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruit and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian-ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruit and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wang-jin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruit and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian-fei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruit and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruit and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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4
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Dong D, Yang Z, Ma Y, Li S, Wang M, Li Y, Liu Z, Han L, Chao Y. Expression of a Chlorophyll b Reductase Gene from Zoysia japonica Causes Changes in Leaf Color and Chlorophyll Morphology in Agrostis stolonifera. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6032. [PMID: 35682725 PMCID: PMC9181577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The NYC-like (NOL) enzyme is considered as an essential enzyme for chlorophyll b degradation, which catalyzes the formation of 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a from chlorophyll b. The ZjNOL gene was cloned from Zoysia japonica with a completed coding sequence of 981-bp in length, encoding 326 amino acids. ZjNOL was localized on the stroma side of the thylakoid membrane, and co-localized with ZjNYC in the chloroplasts. Multiple photoregulatory elements and hormone regulatory elements were identified in the promoter region of the ZjNOL gene, and the expression level of the ZjNOL gene was dramatically up-regulated in senescence leaves, which were regulated by a variety of plant hormones. ZjNOL's ectopic expression in creeping bentgrass produced yellow leaves, thicker cortex, and smaller vascular column cells. Additionally, transgenic plants exhibited morphological alterations in their chloroplast structure, and the number of grana and thylakoids per grana stack reduced dramatically. Transgenic plants also had a lower photosynthetic rate and Fm/Fv than the control. The transgenic plants displayed a decreased chlorophyll content and a greater rate of ion leakage. The properties and activities of ZjNOL will serve as a foundation for future research into gene functions and regulatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Liebao Han
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (D.D.); (Z.Y.); (Y.M.); (S.L.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yuehui Chao
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (D.D.); (Z.Y.); (Y.M.); (S.L.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
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5
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Peng H, Phung J, Stowe EC, Dhingra A, Neff MM. The NAC transcription factor ATAF2 promotes ethylene biosynthesis and response in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1586-1599. [PMID: 35170054 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana ACTIVATING FACTOR 2 (ATAF2) plays extensive regulatory roles in pathogenesis, seedling development, and stress responses. Here, we performed transcriptome analysis on ATAF2 loss- and gain-of-function mutants to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology analyses on DEGs reveal that ATAF2 enhances seedling responses to multiple hormone and stress signals. In particular, our transcriptome analysis suggests that ATAF2 promotes ethylene biosynthesis and responses via activating relevant genes. This novel role of ATAF2 was further demonstrated by using multiple ATAF2 null and overexpression lines for reverse transcription quantitative PCR verification, ethylene production measurements, and assays of seedlings growth responses to the ethylene immediate biosynthetic precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). ACC suppresses ATAF2 expression to form a negative feedback regulation loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.,Chemical and Hop Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Washington State, Yakima, WA, 98902, USA
| | - Jessica Phung
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Evan C Stowe
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Amit Dhingra
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.,Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Michael M Neff
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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6
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Xu X, Jibran R, Wang Y, Dong L, Flokova K, Esfandiari A, McLachlan ARG, Heiser A, Sutherland-Smith AJ, Brummell DA, Bouwmeester HJ, Dijkwel PP, Hunter DA. Strigolactones regulate sepal senescence in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5462-5477. [PMID: 33970249 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Flower sepals are critical for flower development and vary greatly in life span depending on their function post-pollination. Very little is known about what controls sepal longevity. Using a sepal senescence mutant screen, we identified two Arabidopsis mutants with delayed senescence directly connecting strigolactones with senescence regulation in a novel floral context that hitherto has not been explored. The mutations were in the strigolactone biosynthetic gene MORE AXILLARY GROWTH1 (MAX1) and in the strigolactone receptor gene DWARF14 (AtD14). The mutation in AtD14 changed the catalytic Ser97 to Phe in the enzyme active site, which is the first mutation of its kind in planta. The lesion in MAX1 was in the haem-iron ligand signature of the cytochrome P450 protein, converting the highly conserved Gly469 to Arg, which was shown in a transient expression assay to substantially inhibit the activity of MAX1. The two mutations highlighted the importance of strigolactone activity for driving to completion senescence initiated both developmentally and in response to carbon-limiting stress, as has been found for the more well-known senescence-associated regulators ethylene and abscisic acid. Analysis of transcript abundance in excised inflorescences during an extended night suggested an intricate relationship among sugar starvation, senescence, and strigolactone biosynthesis and signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xu
- Massey University, School of Fundamental Sciences, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rubina Jibran
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Yanting Wang
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lemeng Dong
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristyna Flokova
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Azadeh Esfandiari
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Andrew R G McLachlan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Axel Heiser
- Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - David A Brummell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul P Dijkwel
- Massey University, School of Fundamental Sciences, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Donald A Hunter
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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7
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Yu G, Xie Z, Zhang J, Lei S, Lin W, Xu B, Huang B. NOL-mediated functional stay-green traits in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) involving multifaceted molecular factors and metabolic pathways regulating leaf senescence. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1219-1232. [PMID: 33595908 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Loss of chlorophyll (Chl) is a hallmark of leaf senescence, which may be regulated by Chl catabolic genes, including NON-YELLOW COLORING 1 (NYC1)-like (NOL). The objective of this study was to determine molecular factors and metabolic pathways underlying NOL regulation of leaf senescence in perennial grass species. LpNOL was cloned from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and found to be highly expressed in senescent leaves. Transient overexpression of LpNOL accelerated leaf senescence and Chl b degradation in Nicotiana benthamiana. LpNOL RNA interference (NOLi) in perennial ryegrass not only significantly blocked Chl degradation in senescent leaves, but also delayed initiation and progression of leaf senescence. This study found that NOL, in addition to functioning as a Chl b reductase, could enact the functional stay-green phenotype in perennial grass species, as manifested by increased photosynthetic activities in NOLi plants. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that NOL-mediated functional stay-green in perennial ryegrass was mainly achieved through the modulation of Chl catabolism, light harvesting for photosynthesis, photorespiration, cytochrome respiration, carbohydrate catabolism, oxidative detoxification, and abscisic acid biosynthesis and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Yu
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Zheni Xie
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Shanshan Lei
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Wenjing Lin
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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8
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Li X, Hou Y, Xie X, Li H, Li X, Zhu Y, Zhai L, Zhang C, Bian S. A blueberry MIR156a-SPL12 module coordinates the accumulation of chlorophylls and anthocyanins during fruit ripening. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5976-5989. [PMID: 32686829 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Color change is an important event during fruit maturation in blueberry, usually depending on chlorophyll degradation and anthocyanin accumulation. MicroRNA156 (miR156)-SPL modules are an important group of regulatory hubs involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. However, little is known regarding their roles in blueberry or in chlorophyll metabolism during color change. In this study, a MIR156 gene (VcMIR156a) was experimentally identified in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). Overexpression of VcMIR156a in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) enhanced anthocyanin biosynthesis and chlorophyll degradation in the stem by altering pigment-associated gene expression. Further investigation indicated that the VcSPL12 transcript could be targeted by miR156, and showed the reverse accumulation patterns during blueberry fruit development and maturation. Noticeably, VcSPL12 was highly expressed at green fruit stages, while VcMIR156a transcripts mainly accumulated at the white fruit stage when expression of VcSPL12 was dramatically decreased, implying that VcMIR156a-VcSPL12 is a key regulatory hub during fruit coloration. Moreover, VcSPL12 decreased the expression of several anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes, and a yeast two-hybrid assay indicated that VcSPL12 interacted with VcMYBPA1. Intriguingly, expression of VcSPL12 significantly enhanced chlorophyll accumulation and altered the expression of several chlorophyll-associated genes. Additionally, the chloroplast ultrastructure was altered by the expression of VcMIR156a and VcSPL12. These findings provide a novel insight into the functional roles of miR156-SPLs in plants, especially in blueberry fruit coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyan Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanming Hou
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Xie
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongxue Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Zhai
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shaomin Bian
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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9
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Lv J, Zhang M, Bai L, Han X, Ge Y, Wang W, Li J. Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the expression of genes involved in the chlorophyll degradation pathway of apple fruit during storage. Food Chem 2020; 308:125707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Krieger-Liszkay A, Krupinska K, Shimakawa G. The impact of photosynthesis on initiation of leaf senescence. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:148-164. [PMID: 30629302 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is the last stage of leaf development preceding the death of the organ, and it is important for nutrient remobilization and for feeding sink tissues. There are many reports on leaf senescence, but the mechanisms initiating leaf senescence are still poorly understood. Leaf senescence is affected by many environmental factors and seems to vary in different species and even varieties of plants, which makes it difficult to generalize the mechanism. Here, we give an overview on studies reporting about alterations in the composition of the photosynthetic electron transport chain in chloroplasts during senescence. We hypothesize that alternative electron flow and related generation of the proton motive force required for ATP synthesis become increasingly important during progression of senescence. We address the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in chloroplasts in the initiation of senescence, retrograde signaling from the chloroplast to the nucleus and ROS-dependent signaling associated with leaf senescence. Finally, a few ideas for increasing crop yields by increasing the chloroplast lifespan are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Karin Krupinska
- Institute of Botany, University of Kiel, D-24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ginga Shimakawa
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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11
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Rastogi S, Shah S, Kumar R, Vashisth D, Akhtar MQ, Kumar A, Dwivedi UN, Shasany AK. Ocimum metabolomics in response to abiotic stresses: Cold, flood, drought and salinity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210903. [PMID: 30726239 PMCID: PMC6364901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocimum tenuiflorum is a widely used medicinal plant since ancient times and still continues to be irreplaceable due to its properties. The plant has been explored chemically and pharmacologically, however, the molecular studies have been started lately. In an attempt to get a comprehensive overview of the abiotic stress response in O. tenuiflorum, de novo transcriptome sequencing of plant leaves under the cold, drought, flood and salinity stresses was carried out. A comparative differential gene expression (DGE) study was carried out between the common transcripts in each stress with respect to the control. KEGG pathway analysis and gene ontology (GO) enrichment studies exhibited several modifications in metabolic pathways as the result of four abiotic stresses. Besides this, a comparative metabolite profiling of stress and control samples was performed. Among the cold, drought, flood and salinity stresses, the plant was most susceptible to the cold stress. Severe treatments of all these abiotic stresses also decreased eugenol which is the main secondary metabolite present in the O. tenuiflorum plant. This investigation presents a comprehensive analysis of the abiotic stress effects in O. tenuiflorum. Current study provides an insight to the status of pathway genes’ expression that help synthesizing economically valuable phenylpropanoids and terpenoids related to the adaptation of the plant. This study identified several putative abiotic stress tolerant genes which can be utilized to either breed stress tolerant O. tenuiflorum through pyramiding or generating transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Rastogi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saumya Shah
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Vashisth
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Qussen Akhtar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Upendra Nath Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Shasany
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- * E-mail:
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12
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Asad MAU, Zakari SA, Zhao Q, Zhou L, Ye Y, Cheng F. Abiotic Stresses Intervene with ABA Signaling to Induce Destructive Metabolic Pathways Leading to Death: Premature Leaf Senescence in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E256. [PMID: 30634648 PMCID: PMC6359161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses trigger premature leaf senescence by affecting some endogenous factors, which is an important limitation for plant growth and grain yield. Among these endogenous factors that regulate leaf senescence, abscisic acid (ABA) works as a link between the oxidase damage of cellular structure and signal molecules responding to abiotic stress during leaf senescence. Considering the importance of ABA, we collect the latest findings related to ABA biosynthesis, ABA signaling, and its inhibitory effect on chloroplast structure destruction, chlorophyll (Chl) degradation, and photosynthesis reduction. Post-translational changes in leaf senescence end with the exhaustion of nutrients, yellowing of leaves, and death of senescent tissues. In this article, we review the literature on the ABA-inducing leaf senescence mechanism in rice and Arabidopsis starting from ABA synthesis, transport, signaling receptors, and catabolism. We also predict the future outcomes of investigations related to other plants. Before changes in translation occur, ABA signaling that mediates the expression of NYC, bZIP, and WRKY transcription factors (TFs) has been investigated to explain the inducing effect on senescence-associated genes. Various factors related to calcium signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and protein degradation are elaborated, and research gaps and potential prospects are presented. Examples of gene mutation conferring the delay or induction of leaf senescence are also described, and they may be helpful in understanding the inhibitory effect of abiotic stresses and effective measures to tolerate, minimize, or resist their inducing effect on leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asad Ullah Asad
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Shamsu Ado Zakari
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qian Zhao
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lujian Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yu Ye
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Fangmin Cheng
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing 210000, China.
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Liu Y, Chen H, Ping Q, Zhang Z, Guan Z, Fang W, Chen S, Chen F, Jiang J, Zhang F. The heterologous expression of CmBBX22 delays leaf senescence and improves drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:15-24. [PMID: 30238422 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
CmBBX22, a transcription factor of chrysanthemum, was verified to confer drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. The BBX proteins are known to operate as regulators of plant growth and development, but as yet their contribution to the abiotic stress response has not been well defined. Here, the chrysanthemum BBX family member CmBBX22, an ortholog of AtBBX22, was found to be transcribed throughout the plant, although at varying intensity, and was induced by imposing moisture deficiency via exposure to polyethylene glycol. The heterologous, constitutive expression of this gene in Arabidopsis thaliana compromised germination and seedling growth, but enhanced the plants' ability to tolerate drought stress. In transgenic plants challenged with abscisic acid, leaf senescence was delayed and the senescence-associated genes and chlorophyll catabolic genes SAG29, NYE1, NYE2 and NYC1 were down-regulated. We speculated that CmBBX22 may serves as a regulator in mediating drought stress tolerance and delaying leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qi Ping
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhiyong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weimin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Fei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Wang N, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Li C, Feng H. Identification and fine mapping of a stay-green gene (Brnye1) in pakchoi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2018; 131:673-684. [PMID: 29209732 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-3028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Using bulked segregant analysis combined with next-generation sequencing, we delimited the Brnye1 gene responsible for the stay-green trait of nye in pakchoi. Sequence analysis identified Bra019346 as the candidate gene. "Stay-green" refers to a plant trait whereby leaves remain green during senescence. This trait is useful in the cultivation of pakchoi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis), which is marketed as a green leaf product. This study aimed to identify the gene responsible for the stay-green trait in pakchoi. We identified a stay-green mutant in pakchoi, which we termed "nye". Genetic analysis revealed that the stay-green trait is controlled by a single recessive gene, Brnye1. Using the BSA-seq method, a 3.0-Mb candidate region was mapped on chromosome A03, which helped us localize Brnye1 to an 81.01-kb interval between SSR markers SSRWN27 and SSRWN30 via linkage analysis in an F2 population. We identified 12 genes in this region, 11 of which were annotated based on the Brassica rapa annotation database, and one was a functionally unknown gene. An orthologous gene of the Arabidopsis gene AtNYE1, Bra019346, was identified as the potential candidate for Brnye1. Sequence analysis revealed a 40-bp insertion in the second exon of Bra019346 in nye, which generated the TAA stop codon. A candidate gene-specific Indel marker in 1561 F2 individuals showed perfect cosegregation with Brnye1 in the nye mutant. These results provide a foundation for uncovering the molecular mechanism of the stay-green trait in pakchoi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Chengyu Li
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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15
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Mun BG, Lee SU, Park EJ, Kim HH, Hussain A, Imran QM, Lee IJ, Yun BW. Analysis of transcription factors among differentially expressed genes induced by drought stress in Populus davidiana. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:209. [PMID: 28667649 PMCID: PMC5493580 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Populus davidiana is native to the Korean Peninsula and is one of the most dominant and abundantly growing forest trees in eastern Asia. Compared to other Populus species such as P. trichocarpa, P. euphratica, and P. tremula, relatively little is known about P. davidiana. Here, we performed transcriptomic analysis of P. davidiana under drought stress induced by 10% polyethylene glycol. A total of 12,403 and 12,414 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were successfully annotated with the P. trichocarpa reference genome after 6 and 12 h of treatment, respectively. Of these, a total of 404 genes (238 up-regulated and 166 down-regulated) after 6 h and 359 genes (187 up-regulated and 172 down-regulated) after 12 h of treatment were identified as transcription factors. Transcription factors known to be key genes for drought stress response, such as AP2-EREB, WRKY, C2H2, and NAC, were identified. This results suggesting that early induction of these genes affected initiation of transcriptional regulation in response to drought stress. Quantitative real-time PCR results of selected genes showed highly significant (R = 0.93) correlation with RNA-Seq data. Interestingly, the expression pattern of some transcription factors was P. davidiana specific. The sequence of P. davidiana ortholog of P. trichocarpa gene POPTR_0018s10230, which plays an important role in plant response to drought, was further analyzed as our RNA-Seq results showed highly significant changes in the expression of this gene following the stress treatment. Sequence of the gene was compared to P. trichocarpa gene sequence using cloning-based sequencing. Additionally, we generated a predicted 3D protein structure for the gene product. Results indicated that the amino acid sequence of P. davidiana-specific POPTR_0018s10230 is different at six different positions compared to P. trichocarpa, resulting in a significantly different structure of the protein. Identifying the transcription factors expressed in P. davidiana under drought stress will not only offer clues for understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in drought stress physiology but also serve as a basis for future molecular studies on this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Gyu Mun
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Jun Park
- Division of Forest Biotechnology, Korea Forest Research Institute, Suwon, 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ho Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Adil Hussain
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Qari Muhammad Imran
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Teng K, Chang Z, Li X, Sun X, Liang X, Xu L, Chao Y, Han L. Functional and RNA-Sequencing Analysis Revealed Expression of a Novel Stay-Green Gene from Zoysia japonica ( ZjSGR) Caused Chlorophyll Degradation and Accelerated Senescence in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1894. [PMID: 28018416 PMCID: PMC5159421 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is not only an important developmental process, but also a responsive regulation to abiotic and biotic stress for plants. Stay-green protein plays crucial roles in plant senescence and chlorophyll degradation. However, the underlying mechanisms were not well-studied, particularly in non-model plants. In this study, a novel stay-green gene, ZjSGR, was isolated from Zoysia japonica. Subcellular localization result demonstrated that ZjSGR was localized in the chloroplasts. Quantitative real-time PCR results together with promoter activity determination using transgenic Arabidopsis confirmed that ZjSGR could be induced by darkness, ABA and MeJA. Its expression levels could also be up-regulated by natural senescence, but suppressed by SA treatments. Overexpression of ZjSGR in Arabidopsis resulted in a rapid yellowing phenotype; complementary experiments proved that ZjSGR was a functional homolog of AtNYE1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Over expression of ZjSGR accelerated chlorophyll degradation and impaired photosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Transmission electron microscopy observation revealed that overexpression of ZjSGR decomposed the chloroplasts structure. RNA sequencing analysis showed that ZjSGR could play multiple roles in senescence and chlorophyll degradation by regulating hormone signal transduction and the expression of a large number of senescence and environmental stress related genes. Our study provides a better understanding of the roles of SGRs, and new insight into the senescence and chlorophyll degradation mechanisms in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Teng
- Turfgrass Research Institute, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Zhihui Chang
- Turfgrass Research Institute, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xinbo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Agricultural University of HebeiBaoding, China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Turfgrass Research Institute, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- Turfgrass Research Institute, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yuehui Chao
- Turfgrass Research Institute, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Liebao Han
- Turfgrass Research Institute, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
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