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Kettenburg AT, Lopez MA, Yogendra K, Prior MJ, Rose T, Bimson S, Heuer S, Roy SJ, Bailey-Serres J. PHOSPHORUS-STARVATION TOLERANCE 1 (OsPSTOL1) is prevalent in upland rice and enhances root growth and hastens low phosphate signaling in wheat. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:2187-2205. [PMID: 36946067 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PHOSPHORUS-STARVATION TOLERANCE 1 (OsPSTOL1) is a variably present gene that benefits crown root growth and phosphorus (P) sufficiency in rice (Oryza sativa). To explore the ecophysiological importance of this gene, we performed a biogeographic survey of landraces and cultivars, confirming that functional OsPSTOL1 alleles prevail in low nutrient and drought-prone rainfed ecosystems, whereas loss-of-function and absence haplotypes predominate in control-irrigated paddy varieties of east Asia. An evolutionary history analysis of OsPSTOL1 and related genes in cereal, determined it and other genes are kinase-only domain derivatives of membrane-associated receptor like kinases. Finally, to evaluate the potential value of this kinase of unknown function in another Gramineae, wheat (Triticum aestivum) lines overexpressing OsPSTOL1 were evaluated under field and controlled low P conditions. OsPSTOL1 enhances growth, crown root number, and overall root plasticity under low P in wheat. Survey of root and shoot crown transcriptomes at two developmental stages identifies transcription factors that are differentially regulated in OsPSTOL1 wheat that are similarly controlled by the gene in rice. In wheat, OsPSTOL1 alters the timing and amplitude of regulators of root development in dry soils and hastens induction of the core P-starvation response. OsPSTOL1 and related genes may aid more sustainable cultivation of cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alek T Kettenburg
- Botany and Plant Sciences Department, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Miguel A Lopez
- Botany and Plant Sciences Department, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Kalenahalli Yogendra
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Wheat in a Hot and Dry Climate, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew J Prior
- Botany and Plant Sciences Department, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Teresa Rose
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Sabrina Bimson
- Botany and Plant Sciences Department, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Sigrid Heuer
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Stuart J Roy
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Wheat in a Hot and Dry Climate, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Botany and Plant Sciences Department, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
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2
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Ndoye MS, Burridge J, Bhosale R, Grondin A, Laplaze L. Root traits for low input agroecosystems in Africa: Lessons from three case studies. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:637-649. [PMID: 35037274 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In many regions across Africa, agriculture is largely based on low-input and small-holder farming systems that use little inorganic fertilisers and have limited access to irrigation and mechanisation. Improving agricultural practices and developing new cultivars adapted to these environments, where production already suffers from climate change, is a major priority for food security. Here, we illustrate how breeding for specific root traits could improve crop resilience in Africa using three case studies covering very contrasting low-input agroecosystems. We first review how greater basal root whorl number and longer and denser root hairs increased P acquisition efficiency and yield in common bean in South East Africa. We then discuss how water-saving strategies, root hair density and deep root growth could be targeted to improve sorghum and pearl millet yield in West Africa. Finally, we evaluate how breeding for denser root systems in the topsoil and interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could be mobilised to optimise water-saving alternate wetting and drying practices in West African rice agroecosystems. We conclude with a discussion on how to evaluate the utility of root traits and how to make root trait selection feasible for breeders so that improved varieties can be made available to farmers through participatory approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mame S Ndoye
- CERAAS, Thies Escale, Thies, Senegal
- LMI LAPSE, Centre de Recherche ISRA/IRD de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
- UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - James Burridge
- UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Rahul Bhosale
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alexandre Grondin
- CERAAS, Thies Escale, Thies, Senegal
- LMI LAPSE, Centre de Recherche ISRA/IRD de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
- UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Laplaze
- LMI LAPSE, Centre de Recherche ISRA/IRD de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
- UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
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Cabrera J, Conesa CM, Del Pozo JC. May the dark be with roots: a perspective on how root illumination may bias in vitro research on plant-environment interactions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1988-1997. [PMID: 34942016 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Roots anchor plants to the soil, providing them with nutrients and water while creating a defence network and facilitating beneficial interactions with a multitude of living organisms and climatological conditions. To facilitate morphological and molecular studies, root research has been conducted using in vitro systems. However, under natural conditions, roots grow in the dark, mainly in the absence of illumination, except for the relatively low illumination of the upper soil surface, and this has been largely ignored. Here, we discuss the results found over the last decade on how experimental exposure of roots to light may bias root development and responses through the alteration of hormonal signalling, cytoskeleton organization, reactive oxygen species or the accumulation of flavonoids, among other factors. Illumination alters the uptake of nutrients or water, and also affects the response of the roots to abiotic stresses and root interactions with the microbiota. Furthermore, we review in vitro systems created to maintain roots in darkness, and provide a comparative analysis of root transcriptomes obtained with these devices. Finally, we identify other experimental variables that should be considered to better mimic soil conditions, whose improvement would benefit studies using in vitro cultivation or enclosed ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cabrera
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), UPM, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos M Conesa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), UPM, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Agroambiental y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Del Pozo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), UPM, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Ying S, Blancaflor EB, Liao F, Scheible W. A phosphorus-limitation induced, functionally conserved DUF506 protein is a repressor of root hair elongation in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1153-1171. [PMID: 34775627 PMCID: PMC9300206 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs (RHs) function in nutrient and water acquisition, root metabolite exudation, soil anchorage and plant-microbe interactions. Longer or more abundant RHs are potential breeding traits for developing crops that are more resource-use efficient and can improve soil health. While many genes are known to promote RH elongation, relatively little is known about genes and mechanisms that constrain RH growth. Here we demonstrate that a DOMAIN OF UNKNOWN FUNCTION 506 (DUF506) protein, AT3G25240, negatively regulates Arabidopsis thaliana RH growth. The AT3G25240 gene is strongly and specifically induced during phosphorus (P)-limitation. Mutants of this gene, which we call REPRESSOR OF EXCESSIVE ROOT HAIR ELONGATION 1 (RXR1), have much longer RHs, higher phosphate content and seedling biomass, while overexpression of the gene exhibits opposite phenotypes. Co-immunoprecipitation, pull-down and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analyses reveal that RXR1 physically interacts with a RabD2c GTPase in nucleus, and a rabd2c mutant phenocopies the rxr1 mutant. Furthermore, N-terminal variable region of RXR1 is crucial for inhibiting RH growth. Overexpression of a Brachypodium distachyon RXR1 homolog results in repression of RH elongation in Brachypodium. Taken together, our results reveal a novel DUF506-GTPase module with a prominent role in repression of plant RH elongation especially under P stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ying
- Noble Research Institute LLCArdmoreOK73401USA
- Present address:
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA
| | | | - Fuqi Liao
- Noble Research Institute LLCArdmoreOK73401USA
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Khuna S, Suwannarach N, Kumla J, Frisvad JC, Matsui K, Nuangmek W, Lumyong S. Growth Enhancement of Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana) and Onion ( Allium cepa) With Inoculation of Three Newly Identified Mineral-Solubilizing Fungi in the Genus Aspergillus Section Nigri. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:705896. [PMID: 34456888 PMCID: PMC8397495 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.705896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some soil fungi play an important role in supplying elements to plants by the solubilizing of insoluble minerals in the soil. The present study was conducted to isolate the mineral-solubilizing fungi from rhizosphere soil in some agricultural areas in northern Thailand. Seven fungal strains were obtained and identified using a polyphasic taxonomic approach with multilocus phylogenetic and phenotypic (morphology and extrolite profile) analyses. All obtained fungal strains were newly identified in the genus Aspergillus section Nigri, Aspergillus chiangmaiensis (SDBR-CMUI4 and SDBR-CMU15), Aspergillus pseudopiperis (SDBR-CMUI1 and SDBR-CMUI7), and Aspergillus pseudotubingensis (SDBR-CMUO2, SDBR-CMUO8, and SDBR-CMU20). All fungal strains were able to solubilize the insoluble mineral form of calcium, copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus, feldspar, and kaolin in the agar plate assay. Consequently, the highest phosphate solubilization strains (SDBR-CMUI1, SDBR-CMUI4, and SDBR-CMUO2) of each fungal species were selected for evaluation of their plant growth enhancement ability on Arabidopsis and onion in laboratory and greenhouse experiments, respectively. Plant disease symptoms were not found in any treatment of fungal inoculation and control. All selected fungal strains significantly increased the leaf number, leaf length, dried biomass of shoot and root, chlorophyll content, and cellular inorganic phosphate content in both Arabidopsis and onion plants under supplementation with insoluble mineral phosphate. Additionally, the inoculation of selected fungal strains also improved the yield and quercetin content of onion bulb. Thus, the selected strains reveal the potential in plant growth promotion agents that can be applied as a biofertilizer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surapong Khuna
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jens Christian Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU-Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kenji Matsui
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Wipornpan Nuangmek
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
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6
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Zhang Z, Zhu L, Li D, Wang N, Sun H, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Li A, Bai Z, Li C, Liu L. In situ Root Phenotypes of Cotton Seedlings Under Phosphorus Stress Revealed Through RhizoPot. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:716691. [PMID: 34527012 PMCID: PMC8435733 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.716691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a common challenge in crop production because of its poor mobility through the soil. The root system plays a significant role in P absorption from the soil and is the initial indicator of low P levels. However, the phenotypic dynamics and longevity of cotton roots under P stress remain unknown. In this study, RhizoPot, an improvised in situ root observation device, was used to monitor the dynamics of root phenotypes of cotton seedlings under P-deficient (PD) and P-replete (PR) conditions. Low P stress reduced P absorption and accumulation in the roots, leading to low dry weight accumulation. Cotton seedlings responded to low P stress by increasing the number of lateral roots, specific root length, branch density, root length density, and length of root hairs. Additionally, the life span of root hairs was prolonged. Low P stress also reduced the average diameter of roots, promoted root extension, expanded the root coverage area, and increased the range of P acquisition. Principal component analysis revealed that the net root growth rate, root length density, root dry weight, P absorption efficiency, average root hair length, and taproot daily growth significantly influenced the cotton root architecture. Collectively, these results show that low P stress reduces the net growth rate of cotton seedling roots and restricts plant growth. Plants respond to P deficiency by extending the life span of root hairs and increasing specific root length and lateral root branch density. This change in root system architecture improves the adaptability of plants to low P conditions. The findings of this study may guide the selection of cotton varieties with efficient P utilization.
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7
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van Duijnen R, Uther H, Härdtle W, Temperton VM, Kumar A. Timing matters: Distinct effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application timing on root system architecture responses. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:194-205. [PMID: 37283701 PMCID: PMC10168076 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aims Although different plant foraging responses to the two macronutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are well researched, the effect of timing of fertilizer application on root system architecture (RSA) remains largely unknown. We, therefore, aimed to understand how RSA of Hordeum vulgare L. responds to timing of N and P application. Methods Plants were grown in rhizoboxes for 38 days in nutrient-poor soil and watered with nutrient solution, lacking either N or P, with the absent nutrient applied once either 2/3/4 weeks after sowing. Positive controls were continuously receiving N and P and a negative control receiving both N and P only after 3 weeks. We tracked root growth over time, measured plant biomass and nutrient uptake. Results Late N application strongly reduced total root biomass and visible root length compared with continuous NP and late P application. Root mass fractions (total root biomass/total plant biomass) remained similar over all treatments, but relative allocation (% of total root biomass) was higher in lower depth with late N application. Shoot P concentrations remained relatively stable, but the plants receiving P later had higher N concentrations. Conclusions Late N application had overall more negative effects on early plant growth compared with late P. We propose that future studies under field conditions should try to disentangle the effect of timing from the nutrient availability on RSA responses and hence ultimately plant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard van Duijnen
- Institute of EcologyFaculty of SustainabilityLeuphana University LüneburgLüneburgGermany
| | - Hannah Uther
- Institute of EcologyFaculty of SustainabilityLeuphana University LüneburgLüneburgGermany
| | - Werner Härdtle
- Institute of EcologyFaculty of SustainabilityLeuphana University LüneburgLüneburgGermany
| | - Vicky M. Temperton
- Institute of EcologyFaculty of SustainabilityLeuphana University LüneburgLüneburgGermany
| | - Amit Kumar
- Institute of EcologyFaculty of SustainabilityLeuphana University LüneburgLüneburgGermany
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8
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Liu D. Root developmental responses to phosphorus nutrition. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1065-1090. [PMID: 33710755 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Root system architecture (RSA) affects a plant's ability to obtain phosphate, the major form of phosphorus that plants uptake. In this review, I first consider the relationship between RSA and plant phosphorus-acquisition efficiency, describe how external phosphorus conditions both induce and impose changes in the RSA of major crops and of the model plant Arabidopsis, and discuss whether shoot phosphorus status affects RSA and whether there is a universal root developmental response across all plant species. I then summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing root developmental responses to phosphorus deficiency. I also explore the possible reasons for the inconsistent results reported by different research groups and comment on the relevance of some studies performed under laboratory conditions to what occurs in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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9
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Gu M, Hu X, Wang T, Xu G. Modulation of plant root traits by nitrogen and phosphate: transporters, long-distance signaling proteins and peptides, and potential artificial traps. BREEDING SCIENCE 2021; 71:62-75. [PMID: 33762877 PMCID: PMC7973493 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants rely on their roots for anchorage and uptake of water and nutrients. Plant root is an organ showing extensive morphological and metabolic plasticity in response to diverse environmental stimuli including nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrition/stresses. N and P are two essential macronutrients serving as not only cell structural components but also local and systemic signals triggering root acclimatory responses. Here, we mainly focused on the current advances on root responses to N and P nutrition/stresses regarding transporters as well as long-distance mobile proteins and peptides, which largely represent local and systemic regulators, respectively. Moreover, we exemplified some of the potential pitfalls in experimental design, which has been routinely adopted for decades. These commonly accepted methods may help researchers gain fundamental mechanistic insights into plant intrinsic responses, yet the output might lack strong relevance to the real situation in the context of natural and agricultural ecosystems. On this basis, we further discuss the established-and yet to be validated-improvements in experimental design, aiming at interpreting the data obtained under laboratory conditions in a more practical view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
| | - Xu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China
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Matthus E, Doddrell NH, Guillaume G, Mohammad-Sidik AB, Wilkins KA, Swarbreck SM, Davies JM. Phosphate Deprivation Can Impair Mechano-Stimulated Cytosolic Free Calcium Elevation in Arabidopsis Roots. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091205. [PMID: 32942534 PMCID: PMC7570281 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The root tip responds to mechanical stimulation with a transient increase in cytosolic free calcium as a possible second messenger. Although the root tip will grow through a heterogeneous soil nutrient supply, little is known of the consequence of nutrient deprivation for such signalling. Here, the effect of inorganic phosphate deprivation on the root’s mechano-stimulated cytosolic free calcium increase is investigated. Arabidopsisthaliana (cytosolically expressing aequorin as a bioluminescent free calcium reporter) is grown in zero or full phosphate conditions, then roots or root tips are mechanically stimulated. Plants also are grown vertically on a solid medium so their root skewing angle (deviation from vertical) can be determined as an output of mechanical stimulation. Phosphate starvation results in significantly impaired cytosolic free calcium elevation in both root tips and whole excised roots. Phosphate-starved roots sustain a significantly lower root skewing angle than phosphate-replete roots. These results suggest that phosphate starvation causes a dampening of the root mechano-signalling system that could have consequences for growth in hardened, compacted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Matthus
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; (E.M.); (N.H.D.); (G.G.); (A.B.M.-S.); (K.A.W.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Nicholas H. Doddrell
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; (E.M.); (N.H.D.); (G.G.); (A.B.M.-S.); (K.A.W.); (S.M.S.)
- NIAB EMR, New Road, East Malling ME19 6BJ, UK
| | - Gaëtan Guillaume
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; (E.M.); (N.H.D.); (G.G.); (A.B.M.-S.); (K.A.W.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Amirah B. Mohammad-Sidik
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; (E.M.); (N.H.D.); (G.G.); (A.B.M.-S.); (K.A.W.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Katie A. Wilkins
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; (E.M.); (N.H.D.); (G.G.); (A.B.M.-S.); (K.A.W.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Stéphanie M. Swarbreck
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; (E.M.); (N.H.D.); (G.G.); (A.B.M.-S.); (K.A.W.); (S.M.S.)
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Julia M. Davies
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; (E.M.); (N.H.D.); (G.G.); (A.B.M.-S.); (K.A.W.); (S.M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Siao W, Coskun D, Baluška F, Kronzucker HJ, Xu W. Root-Apex Proton Fluxes at the Centre of Soil-Stress Acclimation. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:794-804. [PMID: 32673580 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Proton (H+) fluxes in plant roots play critical roles in maintaining root growth and facilitating plant responses to multiple soil stresses, including fluctuations in nutrient supply, salt infiltration, and water stress. Soil mining for nutrients and water, rates of nutrient uptake, and the modulation of cell expansion all depend on the regulation of root H+ fluxes, particularly at the root apex, mediated primarily by the activity of plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPases. Here, we summarize recent findings on the regulatory mechanisms of H+ fluxes at the root apex under three abiotic stress conditions - phosphate deficiency, salinity stress, and water deficiency - and present an integrated physiomolecular view of the functions of H+ fluxes in maintaining root growth in the acclimation to soil stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Siao
- Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan Fuzhou 350002, China; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Devrim Coskun
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - František Baluška
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Bouain N, Korte A, Satbhai SB, Nam HI, Rhee SY, Busch W, Rouached H. Systems genomics approaches provide new insights into Arabidopsis thaliana root growth regulation under combinatorial mineral nutrient limitation. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008392. [PMID: 31693663 PMCID: PMC6834251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms by which plants modulate their root growth rate (RGR) in response to nutrient deficiency are largely unknown. Using Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, we analyzed RGR variation under combinatorial mineral nutrient deficiencies involving phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). While -P stimulated early RGR of most accessions, -Fe or -Zn reduced it. The combination of either -P-Fe or -P-Zn led to suppression of the growth inhibition exerted by -Fe or -Zn alone. Surprisingly, root growth responses of the reference accession Columbia (Col-0) were not representative of the species under -P nor -Zn. Using a systems approach that combines GWAS, network-based candidate identification, and reverse genetic screen, we identified new genes that regulate root growth in -P-Fe: VIM1, FH6, and VDAC3. Our findings provide a framework to systematically identifying favorable allelic variations to improve root growth, and to better understand how plants sense and respond to multiple environmental cues. Plants thrive in highly heterogenous soils. How they compute a multitude of contrasting stimuli and mount an adaptive response without a centralized information processing unit is an intriguing question. For instance, below ground, roots can sense and respond to the single or multiple nutrient stresses, and adjust its growth rate accordingly. Nevertheless, the genetic architecture of root growth responses under single and combined stress remains poorly understood. To fill this gap in our understanding about such crucial phenomenon for plant survival, we explored the natural variation of root growth rate (RGR) in Arabidopsis grown under single and combined nutritional stress, including deficiencies of iron (-Fe), zinc (-Zn), phosphate and iron (-P-Fe) and phosphate and zinc (-P-Zn). Our GWAS revealed distinct genetic architectures underlying root growth responses to single or combined nutrient stresses. By integrating GWAS and coexpression networks, we identified and validated genes controlling the variation of root growth to combined nutrient-deficiency, namely VARIANT IN METHYLATION 1, FORMIN-LIKE-PROTEIN-6 and VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT ANION-SELECTIVE CHANNEL PROTEIN 3. Our findings provide a framework to accelerate future research aiming at better understanding how plants sense and respond to multiple environmental inputs, and promise to help designing new agronomical and biotechnological strategies to improve root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bouain
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Arthur Korte
- Evolutionary Genomics, Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology (CCTB), University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Santosh B. Satbhai
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, and Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Hye-In Nam
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Seung Y. Rhee
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SYR); (WB); (HR)
| | - Wolfgang Busch
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, and Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SYR); (WB); (HR)
| | - Hatem Rouached
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (SYR); (WB); (HR)
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Zheng Z, Wang Z, Wang X, Liu D. Blue Light-Triggered Chemical Reactions Underlie Phosphate Deficiency-Induced Inhibition of Root Elongation of Arabidopsis Seedlings Grown in Petri Dishes. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:1515-1523. [PMID: 31419529 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To tolerate phosphate (Pi) deficiency in the environment, plants alter their developmental and metabolic programs. In the past two decades, researchers have extensively used Petri dish-grown seedlings of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to study the molecular mechanisms underlying root developmental responses to Pi deficiency. A typical developmental response of the Petri dish-grown Arabidopsis seedlings to Pi deficiency is the inhibited growth of primary root (PR). This response is generally thought to enhance the production of lateral roots and root hairs, which increases the plant's ability to obtain Pi and is therefore regarded as an active cellular response. Here, we report that direct illumination of root surface with blue light is critical and sufficient for Pi deficiency-induced inhibition of PR growth in Arabidopsis seedlings. We further show that a blue light-triggered malate-mediated photo-Fenton reaction and a canonical Fenton reaction form an Fe redox cycle in the root apoplast. This Fe redox cycle results in the production of hydroxyl radicals that inhibit PR growth. In addition to revealing the molecular mechanism underlying Pi deficiency-induced inhibition of PR growth, our work demonstrated that this developmental change is not an active cellular response; instead, it is a phenotype resulting from root growth in transparent Petri dishes. This finding is significant because illuminated, transparent Petri dishes have been routinely used to study Arabidopsis root responses to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Crombez H, Motte H, Beeckman T. Tackling Plant Phosphate Starvation by the Roots. Dev Cell 2019; 48:599-615. [PMID: 30861374 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Plant responses to phosphate deprivation encompass a wide range of strategies, varying from altering root system architecture, entering symbiotic interactions to excreting root exudates for phosphorous release, and recycling of internal phosphate. These processes are tightly controlled by a complex network of proteins that are specifically upregulated upon phosphate starvation. Although the different effects of phosphate starvation have been intensely studied, the full extent of its contribution to altered root system architecture remains unclear. In this review, we focus on the effect of phosphate starvation on the developmental processes that shape the plant root system and their underlying molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Crombez
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Hans Motte
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium.
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Hennion N, Durand M, Vriet C, Doidy J, Maurousset L, Lemoine R, Pourtau N. Sugars en route to the roots. Transport, metabolism and storage within plant roots and towards microorganisms of the rhizosphere. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:44-57. [PMID: 29704246 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the root is a typical sink organ that relies exclusively on the import of sugar from the aerial parts. Sucrose is delivered by the phloem to the most distant root tips and, en route to the tip, is used by the different root tissues for metabolism and storage. Besides, a certain portion of this carbon is exuded in the rhizosphere, supplied to beneficial microorganisms and diverted by parasitic microbes. The transport of sugars toward these numerous sinks either occurs symplastically through cell connections (plasmodesmata) or is apoplastically mediated through membrane transporters (MST, mononsaccharide tranporters, SUT/SUC, H+/sucrose transporters and SWEET, Sugar will eventually be exported transporters) that control monosaccharide and sucrose fluxes. Here, we review recent progresses on carbon partitioning within and outside roots, discussing membrane transporters involved in plant responses to biotic and abiotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Hennion
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Mickael Durand
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Cécile Vriet
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Joan Doidy
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Laurence Maurousset
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Rémi Lemoine
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Nathalie Pourtau
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
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Singh AP, Fridman Y, Holland N, Ackerman-Lavert M, Zananiri R, Jaillais Y, Henn A, Savaldi-Goldstein S. Interdependent Nutrient Availability and Steroid Hormone Signals Facilitate Root Growth Plasticity. Dev Cell 2018; 46:59-72.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Janes G, von Wangenheim D, Cowling S, Kerr I, Band L, French AP, Bishopp A. Cellular Patterning of Arabidopsis Roots Under Low Phosphate Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:735. [PMID: 29922313 PMCID: PMC5996075 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is a crucial macronutrient for plants playing a critical role in many cellular signaling and energy cycling processes. In light of this, phosphorus acquisition efficiency is an important target trait for crop improvement, but it also provides an ecological adaptation for growth of plants in low nutrient environments. Increased root hair density has been shown to improve phosphorus uptake and plant health in a number of species. In several plant families, including Brassicaceae, root hair bearing cells are positioned on the epidermis according to their position in relation to cortex cells, with hair cells positioned in the cleft between two underlying cortex cells. Thus the number of cortex cells determines the number of epidermal cells in the root hair position. Previous research has associated phosphorus-limiting conditions with an increase in the number of cortex cell files in Arabidopsis thaliana roots, but they have not investigated the spatial or temporal domains in which these extra divisions occur or explored the consequences this has had on root hair formation. In this study, we use 3D reconstructions of root meristems to demonstrate that the radial anticlinal cell divisions seen under low phosphate are exclusive to the cortex. When grown on media containing replete levels of phosphorous, A. thaliana plants almost invariably show eight cortex cells; however when grown in phosphate limited conditions, seedlings develop up to 16 cortex cells (with 10-14 being the most typical). This results in a significant increase in the number of epidermal cells at hair forming positions. These radial anticlinal divisions occur within the initial cells and can be seen within 24 h of transfer of plants to low phosphorous conditions. We show that these changes in the underlying cortical cells feed into epidermal patterning by altering the regular spacing of root hairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Janes
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel von Wangenheim
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Cowling
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Kerr
- Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Leah Band
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. French
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Bishopp
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Anthony Bishopp
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