1
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Li H, von Wangenheim D, Zhang X, Tan S, Darwish‐Miranda N, Naramoto S, Wabnik K, De Rycke R, Kaufmann WA, Gütl D, Tejos R, Grones P, Ke M, Chen X, Dettmer J, Friml J. Cellular requirements for PIN polar cargo clustering in Arabidopsis thaliana. New Phytol 2021; 229:351-369. [PMID: 32810889 PMCID: PMC7984064 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell and tissue polarization is fundamental for plant growth and morphogenesis. The polar, cellular localization of Arabidopsis PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins is crucial for their function in directional auxin transport. The clustering of PIN polar cargoes within the plasma membrane has been proposed to be important for the maintenance of their polar distribution. However, the more detailed features of PIN clusters and the cellular requirements of cargo clustering remain unclear. Here, we characterized PIN clusters in detail by means of multiple advanced microscopy and quantification methods, such as 3D quantitative imaging or freeze-fracture replica labeling. The size and aggregation types of PIN clusters were determined by electron microscopy at the nanometer level at different polar domains and at different developmental stages, revealing a strong preference for clustering at the polar domains. Pharmacological and genetic studies revealed that PIN clusters depend on phosphoinositol pathways, cytoskeletal structures and specific cell-wall components as well as connections between the cell wall and the plasma membrane. This study identifies the role of different cellular processes and structures in polar cargo clustering and provides initial mechanistic insight into the maintenance of polarity in plants and other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Li
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria)Klosterneuburg3400Austria
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhent9052Belgium
| | - Daniel von Wangenheim
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria)Klosterneuburg3400Austria
- Centre for Plant Integrative BiologySchool of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamLoughboroughLE12 5RDUK
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria)Klosterneuburg3400Austria
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)Vienna1190Austria
| | - Shutang Tan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria)Klosterneuburg3400Austria
| | | | - Satoshi Naramoto
- Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendai980‐8577Japan
| | - Krzysztof Wabnik
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria)Klosterneuburg3400Austria
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhent9052Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhent9052Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhent9052Belgium
- Expertise Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy and VIB BioImaging CoreGhent UniversityGhent9052Belgium
| | - Walter A. Kaufmann
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria)Klosterneuburg3400Austria
| | - Daniel Gütl
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria)Klosterneuburg3400Austria
| | - Ricardo Tejos
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhent9052Belgium
- Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasCentro de Biología Molecular VegetalUniversidad de ChileSantiago7800003Chile
| | - Peter Grones
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria)Klosterneuburg3400Austria
| | - Meiyu Ke
- Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Xu Chen
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria)Klosterneuburg3400Austria
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhent9052Belgium
- Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Jan Dettmer
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhent9052Belgium
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria)Klosterneuburg3400Austria
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2
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von Wangenheim D, Banda J, Schmitz A, Boland J, Bishopp A, Maizel A, Stelzer EHK, Bennett M. Early developmental plasticity of lateral roots in response to asymmetric water availability. Nat Plants 2020; 6:73-77. [PMID: 32015516 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Root branching is influenced by the soil environment and exhibits a high level of plasticity. We report that the radial positioning of emerging lateral roots is influenced by their hydrological environment during early developmental stages. New lateral root primordia have both a high degree of flexibility in terms of initiation and development angle towards the available water. Our observations reveal how the external hydrological environment regulates lateral root morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel von Wangenheim
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Jason Banda
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alexander Schmitz
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jens Boland
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony Bishopp
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alexis Maizel
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ernst H K Stelzer
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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3
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Banda J, Bellande K, von Wangenheim D, Goh T, Guyomarc'h S, Laplaze L, Bennett MJ. Lateral Root Formation in Arabidopsis: A Well-Ordered LRexit. Trends Plant Sci 2019; 24:826-839. [PMID: 31362861 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lateral roots (LRs) are crucial for increasing the surface area of root systems to explore heterogeneous soil environments. Major advances have recently been made in the model plant arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to elucidate the cellular basis of LR development and the underlying gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that control the morphogenesis of the new root organ. This has provided a foundation for understanding the sophisticated adaptive mechanisms that regulate how plants pattern their root branching to match the spatial availability of resources such as water and nutrients in their external environment. We review new insights into the molecular, cellular, and environmental regulation of LR development in arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Banda
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, UK
| | - Kevin Bellande
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Diversité, Adaptation, et Developpement des Plantes (DIADE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel von Wangenheim
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, UK
| | - Tatsuaki Goh
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Soazig Guyomarc'h
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Diversité, Adaptation, et Developpement des Plantes (DIADE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Laplaze
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Diversité, Adaptation, et Developpement des Plantes (DIADE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, UK.
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4
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Abstract
The Casparian strip is an important barrier regulating water and nutrient uptake into root tissues. New research reveals two peptide signals and their co-receptors play critical roles patterning and maintaining barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel von Wangenheim
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Plant & Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Tatsuaki Goh
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Plant & Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK; Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Daniela Dietrich
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Plant & Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Plant & Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK.
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5
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Orosa-Puente B, Leftley N, von Wangenheim D, Banda J, Srivastava AK, Hill K, Truskina J, Bhosale R, Morris E, Srivastava M, Kümpers B, Goh T, Fukaki H, Vermeer JEM, Vernoux T, Dinneny JR, French AP, Bishopp A, Sadanandom A, Bennett MJ. Root branching toward water involves posttranslational modification of transcription factor ARF7. Science 2018; 362:1407-1410. [PMID: 30573626 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau3956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants adapt to heterogeneous soil conditions by altering their root architecture. For example, roots branch when in contact with water by using the hydropatterning response. We report that hydropatterning is dependent on auxin response factor ARF7. This transcription factor induces asymmetric expression of its target gene LBD16 in lateral root founder cells. This differential expression pattern is regulated by posttranslational modification of ARF7 with the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein. SUMOylation negatively regulates ARF7 DNA binding activity. ARF7 SUMOylation is required to recruit the Aux/IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) repressor protein IAA3. Blocking ARF7 SUMOylation disrupts IAA3 recruitment and hydropatterning. We conclude that SUMO-dependent regulation of auxin response controls root branching pattern in response to water availability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Leftley
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Daniel von Wangenheim
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jason Banda
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | | | - Kristine Hill
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jekaterina Truskina
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Rahul Bhosale
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Emily Morris
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | | | - Britta Kümpers
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Tatsuaki Goh
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Fukaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Joop E M Vermeer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
- Developmental Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Teva Vernoux
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - José R Dinneny
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew P French
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
- School of Computer Science, Jubilee Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG8 1BB, UK
| | - Anthony Bishopp
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK.
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6
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Ovečka M, von Wangenheim D, Tomančák P, Šamajová O, Komis G, Šamaj J. Multiscale imaging of plant development by light-sheet fluorescence microscopy. Nat Plants 2018; 4:639-650. [PMID: 30185982 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0238-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) methods collectively represent the major breakthrough in developmental bio-imaging of living multicellular organisms. They are becoming a mainstream approach through the development of both commercial and custom-made LSFM platforms that are adjusted to diverse biological applications. Based on high-speed acquisition rates under conditions of low light exposure and minimal photo-damage of the biological sample, these methods provide ideal means for long-term and in-depth data acquisition during organ imaging at single-cell resolution. The introduction of LSFM methods into biology extended our understanding of pattern formation and developmental progress of multicellular organisms from embryogenesis to adult body. Moreover, LSFM imaging allowed the dynamic visualization of biological processes under almost natural conditions. Here, we review the most important, recent biological applications of LSFM methods in developmental studies of established and emerging plant model species, together with up-to-date methods of data editing and evaluation for modelling of complex biological processes. Recent applications in animal models push LSFM into the forefront of current bio-imaging approaches. Since LSFM is now the single most effective method for fast imaging of multicellular organisms, allowing quantitative analyses of their long-term development, its broader use in plant developmental biology will likely bring new insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Ovečka
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel von Wangenheim
- Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Pavel Tomančák
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olga Šamajová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - George Komis
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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7
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Janes G, von Wangenheim D, Cowling S, Kerr I, Band L, French AP, Bishopp A. Cellular Patterning of Arabidopsis Roots Under Low Phosphate Conditions. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:735. [PMID: 29922313 PMCID: PMC5996075 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is a crucial macronutrient for plants playing a critical role in many cellular signaling and energy cycling processes. In light of this, phosphorus acquisition efficiency is an important target trait for crop improvement, but it also provides an ecological adaptation for growth of plants in low nutrient environments. Increased root hair density has been shown to improve phosphorus uptake and plant health in a number of species. In several plant families, including Brassicaceae, root hair bearing cells are positioned on the epidermis according to their position in relation to cortex cells, with hair cells positioned in the cleft between two underlying cortex cells. Thus the number of cortex cells determines the number of epidermal cells in the root hair position. Previous research has associated phosphorus-limiting conditions with an increase in the number of cortex cell files in Arabidopsis thaliana roots, but they have not investigated the spatial or temporal domains in which these extra divisions occur or explored the consequences this has had on root hair formation. In this study, we use 3D reconstructions of root meristems to demonstrate that the radial anticlinal cell divisions seen under low phosphate are exclusive to the cortex. When grown on media containing replete levels of phosphorous, A. thaliana plants almost invariably show eight cortex cells; however when grown in phosphate limited conditions, seedlings develop up to 16 cortex cells (with 10-14 being the most typical). This results in a significant increase in the number of epidermal cells at hair forming positions. These radial anticlinal divisions occur within the initial cells and can be seen within 24 h of transfer of plants to low phosphorous conditions. We show that these changes in the underlying cortical cells feed into epidermal patterning by altering the regular spacing of root hairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Janes
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel von Wangenheim
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Cowling
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Kerr
- Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Leah Band
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. French
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Bishopp
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Anthony Bishopp
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8
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Abstract
The jigsaw puzzle-shaped pavement cells in the leaf epidermis collectively function as a load-bearing tissue that controls organ growth. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Majda et al. (2017) shed light on how the jigsaw shape can arise from localized variations in wall stiffness between adjacent epidermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel von Wangenheim
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Darren M Wells
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
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9
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Atkinson J, Wangenheim DV, Band LR, Bennett MJ. Ears, shoots and leaves. Nat Plants 2017; 3:686-687. [PMID: 28827607 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-017-0010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Atkinson
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant & Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Daniel von Wangenheim
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant & Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Leah R Band
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant & Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant & Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK.
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10
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Abstract
Roots navigate through soil integrating environmental signals to orient their growth. The Arabidopsis root is a widely used model for developmental, physiological and cell biological studies. Live imaging greatly aids these efforts, but the horizontal sample position and continuous root tip displacement present significant difficulties. Here, we develop a confocal microscope setup for vertical sample mounting and integrated directional illumination. We present TipTracker - a custom software for automatic tracking of diverse moving objects usable on various microscope setups. Combined, this enables observation of root tips growing along the natural gravity vector over prolonged periods of time, as well as the ability to induce rapid gravity or light stimulation. We also track migrating cells in the developing zebrafish embryo, demonstrating the utility of this system in the acquisition of high-resolution data sets of dynamic samples. We provide detailed descriptions of the tools enabling the easy implementation on other microscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Hauschild
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Matyáš Fendrych
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Vanessa Barone
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Eva Benková
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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11
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Abstract
One of the key questions in understanding plant development is how single cells behave in a larger context of the tissue. Therefore, it requires the observation of the whole organ with a high spatial- as well as temporal resolution over prolonged periods of time, which may cause photo-toxic effects. This protocol shows a plant sample preparation method for light-sheet microscopy, which is characterized by mounting the plant vertically on the surface of a gel. The plant is mounted in such a way that the roots are submerged in a liquid medium while the leaves remain in the air. In order to ensure photosynthetic activity of the plant, a custom-made lighting system illuminates the leaves. To keep the roots in darkness the water surface is covered with sheets of black plastic foil. This method allows long-term imaging of plant organ development in standardized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel von Wangenheim
- Developmental and Cell Biology of Plants, Institute of Science and Technology Austria;
| | - Robert Hauschild
- Bioimaging Facility, Institute of Science and Technology Austria
| | - Jiří Friml
- Developmental and Cell Biology of Plants, Institute of Science and Technology Austria
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12
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von Wangenheim D, Fangerau J, Schmitz A, Smith RS, Leitte H, Stelzer EHK, Maizel A. Rules and Self-Organizing Properties of Post-embryonic Plant Organ Cell Division Patterns. Curr Biol 2016; 26:439-49. [PMID: 26832441 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Plants form new organs with patterned tissue organization throughout their lifespan. It is unknown whether this robust post-embryonic organ formation results from stereotypic dynamic processes, in which the arrangement of cells follows rigid rules. Here, we combine modeling with empirical observations of whole-organ development to identify the principles governing lateral root formation in Arabidopsis. Lateral roots derive from a small pool of founder cells in which some take a dominant role as seen by lineage tracing. The first division of the founders is asymmetric, tightly regulated, and determines the formation of a layered structure. Whereas the pattern of subsequent cell divisions is not stereotypic between different samples, it is characterized by a regular switch in division plane orientation. This switch is also necessary for the appearance of patterned layers as a result of the apical growth of the primordium. Our data suggest that lateral root morphogenesis is based on a limited set of rules. They determine cell growth and division orientation. The organ-level coupling of the cell behavior ensures the emergence of the lateral root's characteristic features. We propose that self-organizing, non-deterministic modes of development account for the robustness of plant organ morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel von Wangenheim
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jens Fangerau
- Center for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmitz
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Richard S Smith
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Heike Leitte
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ernst H K Stelzer
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Alexis Maizel
- Center for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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von Wangenheim D, Rosero A, Komis G, Šamajová O, Ovečka M, Voigt B, Šamaj J. Endosomal Interactions during Root Hair Growth. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:1262. [PMID: 26858728 PMCID: PMC4731515 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic localization of endosomal compartments labeled with targeted fluorescent protein tags is routinely followed by time lapse fluorescence microscopy approaches and single particle tracking algorithms. In this way trajectories of individual endosomes can be mapped and linked to physiological processes as cell growth. However, other aspects of dynamic behavior including endosomal interactions are difficult to follow in this manner. Therefore, we characterized the localization and dynamic properties of early and late endosomes throughout the entire course of root hair formation by means of spinning disc time lapse imaging and post-acquisition automated multitracking and quantitative analysis. Our results show differential motile behavior of early and late endosomes and interactions of late endosomes that may be specified to particular root hair domains. Detailed data analysis revealed a particular transient interaction between late endosomes-termed herein as dancing-endosomes-which is not concluding to vesicular fusion. Endosomes preferentially located in the root hair tip interacted as dancing-endosomes and traveled short distances during this interaction. Finally, sizes of early and late endosomes were addressed by means of super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SIM) to corroborate measurements on the spinning disc. This is a first study providing quantitative microscopic data on dynamic spatio-temporal interactions of endosomes during root hair tip growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel von Wangenheim
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Amparo Rosero
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký UniversityOlomouc, Czech Republic
| | - George Komis
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký UniversityOlomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Šamajová
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký UniversityOlomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký UniversityOlomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Voigt
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký UniversityOlomouc, Czech Republic
- *Correspondence: Jozef Šamaj
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Berson T, von Wangenheim D, Takáč T, Šamajová O, Rosero A, Ovečka M, Komis G, Stelzer EHK, Šamaj J. Trans-Golgi network localized small GTPase RabA1d is involved in cell plate formation and oscillatory root hair growth. BMC Plant Biol 2014; 14:252. [PMID: 25260869 PMCID: PMC4180857 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small Rab GTPases are important regulators of vesicular trafficking in plants. AtRabA1d, a member of the RabA1 subfamily of small GTPases, was previously found in the vesicle-rich apical dome of growing root hairs suggesting a role during tip growth; however, its specific intracellular localization and role in plants has not been well described. RESULTS The transient expression of 35S::GFP:RabA1d construct in Allium porrum and Nicotiana benthamiana revealed vesicular structures, which were further corroborated in stable transformed Arabidopsis thaliana plants. GFP-RabA1d colocalized with the trans-Golgi network marker mCherry-VTI12 and with early FM4-64-labeled endosomal compartments. Late endosomes and endoplasmic reticulum labeled with FYVE-DsRed and ER-DsRed, respectively, were devoid of GFP-RabA1d. The accumulation of GFP-RabA1d in the core of brefeldin A (BFA)-induced-compartments and the quantitative upregulation of RabA1d protein levels after BFA treatment confirmed the association of RabA1d with early endosomes/TGN and its role in vesicle trafficking. Light-sheet microscopy revealed involvement of RabA1d in root development. In root cells, GFP-RabA1d followed cell plate expansion consistently with cytokinesis-related vesicular trafficking and membrane recycling. GFP-RabA1d accumulated in disc-like structures of nascent cell plates, which progressively evolved to marginal ring-like structures of the growing cell plates. During root hair growth and development, GFP-RabA1d was enriched at root hair bulges and at the apical dome of vigorously elongating root hairs. Importantly, GFP-RabA1d signal intensity exhibited an oscillatory behavior in-phase with tip growth. Progressively, this tip localization dissapeared in mature root hairs suggesting a link between tip localization of RabA1d and root hair elongation. Our results support a RabA1d role in events that require vigorous membrane trafficking. CONCLUSIONS RabA1d is located in early endosomes/TGN and is involved in vesicle trafficking. RabA1d participates in both cell plate formation and root hair oscillatory tip growth. The specific GFP-RabA1d subcellular localization confirms a correlation between its specific spatio-temporal accumulation and local vesicle trafficking requirements during cell plate and root hair formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Berson
- />Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, D-53115 Germany
| | - Daniel von Wangenheim
- />Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Germany
| | - Tomáš Takáč
- />Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, Olomouc, 783 71 Czech Republic
| | - Olga Šamajová
- />Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, Olomouc, 783 71 Czech Republic
| | - Amparo Rosero
- />Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, Olomouc, 783 71 Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- />Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, Olomouc, 783 71 Czech Republic
| | - George Komis
- />Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, Olomouc, 783 71 Czech Republic
| | - Ernst HK Stelzer
- />Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Germany
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- />Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, Olomouc, 783 71 Czech Republic
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15
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Vermeer JEM, von Wangenheim D, Barberon M, Lee Y, Stelzer EHK, Maizel A, Geldner N. A spatial accommodation by neighboring cells is required for organ initiation in Arabidopsis. Science 2014; 343:178-83. [PMID: 24408432 DOI: 10.1126/science.1245871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lateral root formation in plants can be studied as the process of interaction between chemical signals and physical forces during development. Lateral root primordia grow through overlying cell layers that must accommodate this incursion. Here, we analyze responses of the endodermis, the immediate neighbor to an initiating lateral root. Endodermal cells overlying lateral root primordia lose volume, change shape, and relinquish their tight junction-like diffusion barrier to make way for the emerging lateral root primordium. Endodermal feedback is absolutely required for initiation and growth of lateral roots, and we provide evidence that this is mediated by controlled volume loss in the endodermis. We propose that turgidity and rigid cell walls, typical of plants, impose constraints that are specifically modified for a given developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joop E M Vermeer
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Abstract
Live cell imaging is an essential methodology for studying the structure, dynamics, and functions of cells in a living plant under normal or stressed growth conditions. Arabidopsis thaliana is perfectly amenable to various live microscopy techniques. In this chapter, we provide guidelines to design live-imaging experiments. We discuss specifically the respective advantage of each microscopy technique, the choice of reporter, and the preparation of the sample. Detailed protocols for imaging of shoot and roots are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel von Wangenheim
- Physical Biology, Frankfurt Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (FMLS), Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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17
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Rosquete MR, von Wangenheim D, Marhavý P, Barbez E, Stelzer EHK, Benková E, Maizel A, Kleine-Vehn J. An auxin transport mechanism restricts positive orthogravitropism in lateral roots. Curr Biol 2013; 23:817-22. [PMID: 23583551 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As soon as a seed germinates, plant growth relates to gravity to ensure that the root penetrates the soil and the shoot expands aerially. Whereas mechanisms of positive and negative orthogravitropism of primary roots and shoots are relatively well understood, lateral organs often show more complex growth behavior. Lateral roots (LRs) seemingly suppress positive gravitropic growth and show a defined gravitropic set-point angle (GSA) that allows radial expansion of the root system (plagiotropism). Despite its eminent importance for root architecture, it so far remains completely unknown how lateral organs partially suppress positive orthogravitropism. Here we show that the phytohormone auxin steers GSA formation and limits positive orthogravitropism in LR. Low and high auxin levels/signaling lead to radial or axial root systems, respectively. At a cellular level, it is the auxin transport-dependent regulation of asymmetric growth in the elongation zone that determines GSA. Our data suggest that strong repression of PIN4/PIN7 and transient PIN3 expression limit auxin redistribution in young LR columella cells. We conclude that PIN activity, by temporally limiting the asymmetric auxin fluxes in the tip of LRs, induces transient, differential growth responses in the elongation zone and, consequently, controls root architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Ruiz Rosquete
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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18
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Lucas M, Kenobi K, von Wangenheim D, Voβ U, Swarup K, De Smet I, Van Damme D, Lawrence T, Péret B, Moscardi E, Barbeau D, Godin C, Salt D, Guyomarc’h S, Stelzer EHK, Maizel A, Laplaze L, Bennett MJ. Lateral root morphogenesis is dependent on the mechanical properties of the overlaying tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:5229-34. [PMID: 23479644 PMCID: PMC3612681 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210807110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, lateral root primordia (LRPs) originate from pericycle cells located deep within the parental root and have to emerge through endodermal, cortical, and epidermal tissues. These overlaying tissues place biomechanical constraints on the LRPs that are likely to impact their morphogenesis. This study probes the interplay between the patterns of cell division, organ shape, and overlaying tissues on LRP morphogenesis by exploiting recent advances in live plant cell imaging and image analysis. Our 3D/4D image analysis revealed that early stage LRPs exhibit tangential divisions that create a ring of cells corralling a population of rapidly dividing cells at its center. The patterns of division in the latter population of cells during LRP morphogenesis are not stereotypical. In contrast, statistical analysis demonstrated that the shape of new LRPs is highly conserved. We tested the relative importance of cell division pattern versus overlaying tissues on LRP morphogenesis using mutant and transgenic approaches. The double mutant aurora1 (aur1) aur2 disrupts the pattern of LRP cell divisions and impacts its growth dynamics, yet the new organ's dome shape remains normal. In contrast, manipulating the properties of overlaying tissues disrupted LRP morphogenesis. We conclude that the interaction with overlaying tissues, rather than the precise pattern of divisions, is most important for LRP morphogenesis and optimizes the process of lateral root emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaël Lucas
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Diversité Adaptation et Développement des Plantes (DIADE), 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Kim Kenobi
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel von Wangenheim
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Voβ
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Kamal Swarup
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ive De Smet
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Daniël Van Damme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Tara Lawrence
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Péret
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Moscardi
- Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique, Virtual Plants team, Unité Mixte de Recherche Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel Barbeau
- Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique, Virtual Plants team, Unité Mixte de Recherche Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Godin
- Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique, Virtual Plants team, Unité Mixte de Recherche Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - David Salt
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - Ernst H. K. Stelzer
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexis Maizel
- Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laurent Laplaze
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Diversité Adaptation et Développement des Plantes (DIADE), 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Malcolm J. Bennett
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
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Chen T, Wang X, von Wangenheim D, Zheng M, Šamaj J, Ji W, Lin J. Probing and tracking organelles in living plant cells. Protoplasma 2012; 249 Suppl 2:S157-S167. [PMID: 22183127 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-011-0364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular organelle movements and positioning play pivotal roles in enabling plants to proliferate life efficiently and to survive diverse environmental stresses. The elaborate dissection of organelle dynamics and their underlying mechanisms (e.g., the role of the cytoskeleton in organelle movements) largely depends on the advancement and efficiency of organelle tracking systems. Here, we provide an overview of some recently developed tools for labeling and tracking organelle dynamics in living plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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20
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Maizel A, von Wangenheim D, Federici F, Haseloff J, Stelzer EHK. High-resolution live imaging of plant growth in near physiological bright conditions using light sheet fluorescence microscopy. Plant J 2011; 68:377-85. [PMID: 21711399 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04692.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Most plant growth occurs post-embryonically and is characterized by the constant and iterative formation of new organs. Non-invasive time-resolved imaging of intact, fully functional organisms allows studies of the dynamics involved in shaping complex organisms. Conventional and confocal fluorescence microscopy suffer from limitations when whole living organisms are imaged at single-cell resolution. We applied light sheet-based fluorescence microscopy to overcome these limitations and study the dynamics of plant growth. We designed a special imaging chamber in which the plant is maintained vertically under controlled illumination with its leaves in the air and its root in the medium. We show that minimally invasive, multi-color, three-dimensional imaging of live Arabidopsis thaliana samples can be achieved at organ, cellular and subcellular scales over periods of time ranging from seconds to days with minimal damage to the sample. We illustrate the capabilities of the method by recording the growth of primary root tips and lateral root primordia over several hours. This allowed us to quantify the contribution of cell elongation to the early morphogenesis of lateral root primordia and uncover the diurnal growth rhythm of lateral roots. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach at varying spatial and temporal scales by following the division of plant cells as well as the movement of single endosomes in live growing root samples. This multi-dimensional approach will have an important impact on plant developmental and cell biology and paves the way to a truly quantitative description of growth processes at several scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Maizel
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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