1
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Han Y, Yang R, Zhang X, Wang Q, Wang Y, Li Y, Prusky D, Bi Y. MYB24, MYB144, and MYB168 positively regulate suberin biosynthesis at potato tuber wounds during healing. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:1239-1257. [PMID: 38776519 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The essence of wound healing is the accumulation of suberin at wounds, which is formed by suberin polyphenolic (SPP) and suberin polyaliphatic (SPA). The biosynthesis of SPP and SPA monomers is catalyzed by several enzyme classes related to phenylpropanoid metabolism and fatty acid metabolism, respectively. However, how suberin biosynthesis is regulated at the transcriptional level during potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber wound healing remains largely unknown. Here, 6 target genes and 15 transcription factors related to suberin biosynthesis in tuber wound healing were identified by RNA-seq technology and qRT-PCR. Dual luciferase and yeast one-hybrid assays showed that StMYB168 activated the target genes StPAL, StOMT, and St4CL in phenylpropanoid metabolism. Meanwhile, StMYB24 and StMYB144 activated the target genes StLTP, StLACS, and StCYP in fatty acid metabolism, and StFHT involved in the assembly of SPP and SPA domains in both native and wound periderms. More importantly, virus-induced gene silencing in S. tuberosum and transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana assays confirmed that StMYB168 regulates the biosynthesis of free phenolic acids, such as ferulic acid. Furthermore, StMYB24/144 regulated the accumulation of suberin monomers, such as ferulates, α, ω-diacids, and ω-hydroxy acids. In conclusion, StMYB24, StMYB144, and StMYB168 have an elaborate division of labor in regulating the synthesis of suberin during tuber wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ruirui Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Qihui Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yongcai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Dov Prusky
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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2
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Masuda K, Kuwada E, Suzuki M, Suzuki T, Niikawa T, Uchida S, Akagi T. Transcriptomic Interpretation on Explainable AI-Guided Intuition Uncovers Premonitory Reactions of Disordering Fate in Persimmon Fruit. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1323-1330. [PMID: 37225398 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Deep neural network (DNN) techniques, as an advanced machine learning framework, have allowed various image diagnoses in plants, which often achieve better prediction performance than human experts in each specific field. Notwithstanding, in plant biology, the application of DNNs is still mostly limited to rapid and effective phenotyping. The recent development of explainable CNN frameworks has allowed visualization of the features in the prediction by a convolutional neural network (CNN), which potentially contributes to the understanding of physiological mechanisms in objective phenotypes. In this study, we propose an integration of explainable CNN and transcriptomic approach to make a physiological interpretation of a fruit internal disorder in persimmon, rapid over-softening. We constructed CNN models to accurately predict the fate to be rapid softening in persimmon cv. Soshu, only with photo images. The explainable CNNs, such as Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-Class Activation Mapping (CAM)) and guided Grad-CAM, visualized specific featured regions relevant to the prediction of rapid softening, which would correspond to the premonitory symptoms in a fruit. Transcriptomic analyses to compare the featured regions of the predicted rapid-softening and control fruits suggested that rapid softening is triggered by precocious ethylene signal-dependent cell wall modification, despite exhibiting no direct phenotypic changes. Further transcriptomic comparison between the featured and non-featured regions in the predicted rapid-softening fruit suggested that premonitory symptoms reflected hypoxia and the related stress signals finally to induce ethylene signals. These results would provide a good example for the collaboration of image analysis and omics approaches in plant physiology, which uncovered a novel aspect of fruit premonitory reactions in the rapid-softening fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Masuda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita Ward, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Eriko Kuwada
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita Ward, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Maria Suzuki
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita Ward, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Suzuki
- Gifu Prefectural Agricultural Technology Center, 729-1 Matamaru Gifu, 501-1152 Japan
| | - Takeshi Niikawa
- Gifu Prefectural Agricultural Technology Center, 729-1 Matamaru Gifu, 501-1152 Japan
| | - Seiichi Uchida
- Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyusyu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi Ward, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Takashi Akagi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita Ward, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012 Japan
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3
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Wu W, Sun NJ, Xu Y, Chen YT, Liu XF, Shi LY, Chen W, Zhu QG, Gong BC, Yin XR, Yang ZF. Exogenous gibberellin delays maturation in persimmon fruit through transcriptional activators and repressors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:840-854. [PMID: 37325946 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As the harvest season of most fruit is concentrated, fruit maturation manipulation is essential for the fresh fruit industry to prolong sales time. Gibberellin (GA), an important phytohormone necessary for plant growth and development, has also shown a substantial regulatory effect on fruit maturation; however, its regulatory mechanisms remain inconclusive. In this research, preharvest GA3 treatment effectively delayed fruit maturation in several persimmon (Diospyros kaki) cultivars. Among the proteins encoded by differentially expressed genes, 2 transcriptional activators (NAC TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR DkNAC24 and ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR DkERF38) and a repressor (MYB-LIKE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR DkMYB22) were direct regulators of GERANYLGERANYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE DkGGPS1, LYSINE HISTIDINE TRANSPORTER DkLHT1, and FRUCTOSE-BISPHOSPHATE ALDOLASE DkFBA1, respectively, resulting in the inhibition of carotenoid synthesis, outward transport of an ethylene precursor, and consumption of fructose and glucose. Thus, the present study not only provides a practical method to prolong the persimmon fruit maturation period in various cultivars but also provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms of GA on multiple aspects of fruit quality formation at the transcriptional regulation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Ning-Jing Sun
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Baoshan University, Baoshan, Yunnan 678000, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Yu-Tong Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Li-Yu Shi
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
| | - Qing-Gang Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bang-Chu Gong
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Xue-Ren Yin
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhen-Feng Yang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
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4
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Santin M, Brizzolara S, Castagna A, Ranieri A, Tonutti P. Short-Term CO2 Treatment of Harvested Grapes (Vitis vinifera L., cv. Trebbiano) before Partial Dehydration Affects Berry Secondary Metabolism and the Aromatic Profile of the Resulting Wine. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151973. [PMID: 35956450 PMCID: PMC9370517 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High CO2 concentrations applied to harvested horticultural products can modify primary and secondary metabolism. This work reports the metabolic responses to short-term CO2 treatments of white-skinned grapes (cv Trebbiano) undergoing postharvest partial dehydration. The influence of CO2 treatments on the aroma profile of the derived sweet wine was also assessed. Harvested grapes were treated with gaseous CO2 (30%) or air (control) for 24 h and then dehydrated (about 45% of weight loss) before vinification. Lipophilic and phenolic compounds of grape skin and the wine aroma profile were analyzed. In CO2-treated berries, the lipophilic and phenolic compounds decreased at a reduced and faster rate, respectively, during dehydration. Aroma profile of wine from CO2-treated grapes showed a slight but significantly higher content of glycosylated C13 and terpene compounds, and a decrease/absence of free acids, vanillin derivates and other phenol volatiles. The higher content of volatile alcohols in wine from treated berries suggests that the alcoholic fermentation was triggered. CO2 application before the withering process of Trebbiano grapes affects the aroma profile of the resulting wine by altering the free:glycosylated volatiles ratio. This study provides information on the possible use of CO2 as metabolic elicitor to modulate the aroma profile of the resulting wines obtained after grape dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Santin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Agro-Environmental Sciences (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Stefano Brizzolara
- Crop Science Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (P.T.)
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Agro-Environmental Sciences (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Agro-Environmental Sciences (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pietro Tonutti
- Crop Science Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (P.T.)
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5
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An Efficient Agrobacterium-Mediated Genetic Transformation System for Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) is an important fruit crop in East Asia and has great commercial potential due to the high demand for fresh edible fruits or processed dried persimmon, as well as its being a source of raw materials for the chemical industry. Genetic engineering has shown great potential in persimmon fruit improvement and compensated for the limitations of conventional breeding. In this study, we developed an efficient transformation system and in vivo regeneration protocol by using the leaf disc culture of ‘Gongcheng Shuishi’ persimmon through the optimization of different basic media and hormone combinations. Based on the secondary induction system on 1/2DKW (DKW medium) + ZT (2.0 mg/L) + TDZ (0.5 mg/L) and MS (1/2 N) + ZT (2.0 mg/L) + IAA (0.1 mg/L), the callus induction rate and adventitious bud induction rate were 96.0% and 94.0%, respectively, and RNA interference of DkANR (ANR, anthocyanidin reductase) was achieved after transformation, thus resulting in a reduction in proanthocyanidin accumulation. The GFP (green fluorescent protein) fluorescence signal was visualized in the transgenic seedlings with GFP gene cotransformation. A total of 17.9% of the positive regenerated transgenic seedlings with empty vector were confirmed by both hyg gene and 35S promoter PCR analysis. Southern blotting assays showed that 20 positive transgenic persimmon seedlings were obtained from 135 regenerated transformants derived from DkANRi. Altogether, a reliable and highly efficient transformation system was achieved in persimmon, which may contribute to gene function identification and genetic improvement in the future.
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Zaman F, Zhang M, Liu Y, Wang Z, Xu L, Guo D, Luo Z, Zhang Q. DkmiR397 Regulates Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis via Negative Modulating DkLAC2 in Chinese PCNA Persimmon. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063200. [PMID: 35328620 PMCID: PMC8951489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Persimmon fruits accumulate a large amount of proanthocyanidins (PAs), which makes an astringent sensation. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are the polymers of flavan-3-ols stored in plant vacuoles under laccase activation. A laccase gene, DkLAC2, is putatively involved in PAs biosynthesis and regulated by microRNA (DkmiR397) in persimmon. However, the polymerization of PAs in association with miRNA397 still needs to be explored in persimmon. Here, we identified pre-DkmiR397 and its target gene DkLAC2 in ‘Eshi 1’ persimmon. Histochemical staining with GUS and dual luciferase assay both confirmed DkmiR397-DkLAC2 binding after co-transformation in tobacco leaves. Diverse expression patterns of DkLAC2 and DkmiR397 were exhibited during persimmon fruit development stages. Moreover, a contrasting expression pattern was also observed after the combined DkLAC2-miR397 transformation in persimmon leaves, suggesting that DkmiR397 might be a negative regulator of DkLAC2. Similarly, the transient transformation of DkmiR397 in persimmon fruit discs in vitro also reduced PA accumulation by repressing DkLAC2, whereas the up-regulation of DkLAC2 increased the accumulation of PAs by short tandem target mimic STTM-miR397. A similar expression pattern was observed when overexpressing of DkLAC2 in Arabidopsis wild type (WT) and overexpression of DkLAC2, DkmiR397 in persimmon leaf callus. Our results revealed that the role of DkmiR397 repressed the expression of DkLAC2 concerning PA biosynthesis, providing a potential target for the manipulation of PAs metabolism in persimmon.
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7
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Molecular basis of the formation and removal of fruit astringency. Food Chem 2022; 372:131234. [PMID: 34619522 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Astringency is a dry puckering mouthfeel mainly generated by the binding of tannins with proteins in the mouth. Tannins confer benefits such as resistance to biotic stresses and have antioxidant activity, and moderate concentrations of tannins can improve the flavor of fruits or their products. However, fruits with high contents of tannins have excessive astringency, which is undesirable. Thus, the balance of astringency formation and removal is extremely important for human consumption of fruit and fruit-based products. In recent years, the understanding of fruit astringency has moved beyond the biochemical aspects to focus on the genetic characterization of key structural genes and their transcriptional regulators that cause astringency. This article provides an overview of astringency formation and evaluation. We summarize the methods of astringency regulation and strategies and mechanisms for astringency removal, and discuss perspectives for future exploration and modulation of astringency for fruit quality improvement.
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8
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Benkeblia N. Physiological and Biochemical Response of Tropical Fruits to Hypoxia/Anoxia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:670803. [PMID: 34335647 PMCID: PMC8322732 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.670803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic respiration and oxygen consumption are indicators of routine metabolic rate, and dissolved oxygen in plant tissues is one of the most important environmental factors affecting their survival. The reduction of available O2 leads to hypoxia which causes a limitation of the oxidative phosphorylation; when O2 is absent, tissues generate ATP by activating the fermentative glycolysis to sustain glycolysis in the absence of mitochondrial respiration, which results in the production of lactate. Overall, hypoxia was reported to often decrease the respiration rate (O2 uptake) and delay the climacteric rise of ethylene in climacteric fruits by inhibiting action, thus delaying their ripening. Much research has been done on the application of postharvest hypoxia and anoxia treatment to temperate fresh crops (controlled or modified atmosphere), however, very few reported on tropical commodities. Indeed, the physiological mode of action of low or absence of oxygen in fresh crops is not well understood; and the physiological and biochemical bases of the effects low or absence of O2 are also yet to be clarified. Recent investigations using omics technologies, however, have provided useful information on the response of fresh fruits and vegetables to this abiotic stress. The aims of this review are to (i) report on the oxygen exchange in the crops tissue, (ii) discuss the metabolic responses to hypoxia and anoxia, and (iii) report the physiological and biochemical responses of crops tissues to these abiotic stresses and the potential benefits of these environmental conditions.
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Chen W, Zheng Q, Li J, Liu Y, Xu L, Zhang Q, Luo Z. DkMYB14 is a bifunctional transcription factor that regulates the accumulation of proanthocyanidin in persimmon fruit. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1708-1727. [PMID: 33835602 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are phenolic secondary metabolites that contribute to the protection of plant and human health. Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) can accumulate abundant PAs in fruit, which cause a strong sensation of astringency. Proanthocyanidins can be classified into soluble and insoluble PAs; the former cause astringency but the latter do not. Soluble PAs can be converted into insoluble PAs upon interacting with acetaldehydes. We demonstrate here that DkMYB14, which regulates the accumulation of PA in persimmon fruit flesh, is a bifunctional transcription factor that acts as a repressor in PA biosynthesis but becomes an activator when involved in acetaldehyde biosynthesis. Interestingly, both functions contribute to the elimination of astringency by decreasing PA biosynthesis and promoting its insolubilization. We show that the amino acid Gly39 in the R2 domain and the ethylene response factor-associated amphiphilic repression-like motif in the C-terminal of DkMYB14 are essential for the regulation of both PA and acetaldehyde synthesis. The repressive function of DkMYB14 was lost after the mutation of either motif, and all activities of DkMYB14 were eliminated following the mutation of both motifs. Our results demonstrate that DkMYB14 functions as both a transcriptional activator and a repressor, directly repressing biosynthesis of PA and promoting its insolubilization, resulting in non-astringency in persimmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qingyou Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jinwang Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Liqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhengrong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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10
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Chen Y, Zhang X, Luo Z, Sun J, Li L, Yin X, Li J, Xu Y. Effects of inside-out heat-shock via microwave on the fruit softening and quality of persimmon during postharvest storage. Food Chem 2021; 349:129161. [PMID: 33545598 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid postharvest softening largely limits the shelf-life of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) fruit. Microwave is a new environmental-friendly inside-out heat-shock approach, whose effect on the fruit softening and quality has not yet been investigated. The current study applied two kinds of microwave treatments (low-power long-time, LPLT, or high-power short-time, HPST) to persimmon fruit with comparison to the hot water (HW) treatments. The results showed both microwave treatments maintained firmness, facilitated the deastringency, and increased soluble solid contents (SSC) and sugar-acid ratio of persimmon fruit. The microwave treatments reduced the cellulose and pectin degradation, and inhibited the cellulase activity, resulting in a significantly higher firmness than HW treatment and control after 2 and 4 days of storage. Moreover, application of HPST treatment down-regulated gene expression of DkPG1, DkPE2 and DkEGase1 compared with untreated fruits. These results indicated that microwave treatment is a promising soft-delaying method for the preservation of persimmon fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Chen
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueren Yin
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangkuo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Storage of Agricultural Products, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Preservation of Agricultural Products (Tianjin), Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqun Xu
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Kou SM, Jin R, Wu YY, Huang JW, Zhang QY, Sun NJ, Yang Y, Guan CF, Wang WQ, Zhu CQ, Zhu QG, Yin XR. Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Roles of Carbohydrate Metabolism on Differential Acetaldehyde Production Capacity in Persimmon Fruit in Response to High-CO 2 Treatment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:836-845. [PMID: 33416310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) fruit is unique due to the continuous accumulation of soluble tannins during fruit development in most cultivars, which causes undesired astringency. High-CO2 treatment was the most effective widely used method for astringency removal. However, differential effects of high-CO2 treatment between cultivars were observed and the molecular basis remained inclusive. Previously, one cultivar ("Luoyangfangtianshengshi," LYFTSS) showed rapid deastringency, while two cultivars ("Shijiazhuanglianhuashi," SJZLHS; "Laopige," LPG) showed slow deastringency in response to high-CO2 (95% CO2) treatment. In this study, the metabolites (acetaldehyde and ethanol) related to deastringency were further analyzed and both acetaldehyde and ethanol were higher in SJZLHS and LYFTSS than that in LPG, where acetaldehyde was undetectable. Based on the RNA-seq data, the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that one module, comprised of 1773 unigenes, significantly correlated with the contents of acetaldehyde and ethanol (P < 0.001). Further analysis based on the acetaldehyde metabolism pathway indicated that the differentially expressed structural genes, including previously characterized DkADH and DkPDC and also their upstream members (e.g., PFK, phosphofructokinase), showed positive correlations with acetaldehyde production. Quantitative analysis of the precursor substances indicated that sucrose, glucose, and fructose exhibited limited differences between cultivar except for malic acid. However, the content of malic acid is much less than the total soluble sugar content. To verify the correlations between these genes and acetaldehyde production, the fruit from 14 more cultivars were collected and treated with high CO2. After the treatment, acetaldehyde contents in different cultivars ranked in 30.4-255.5 μg/g FW. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and correlation analysis indicated that the EVM0002315 (PFK) gene, belonging to carbohydrate metabolism, was significantly correlated with acetaldehyde content in fruit. Thus, it could be proposed that the differentially expressed carbohydrate metabolism related genes (especially PFK) are the basis for the variance of acetaldehyde production among different persimmon cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Mei Kou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Rong Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Wen Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Yun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Ning-Jing Sun
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Baoshan University, Baoshan 678000, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Fei Guan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Qiu Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Qing Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Gang Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
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12
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Yang S, Zhang M, Xu L, Luo Z, Zhang Q. MiR858b Inhibits Proanthocyanidin Accumulation by the Repression of DkMYB19 and DkMYB20 in Persimmon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:576378. [PMID: 33408726 PMCID: PMC7779590 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.576378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Persimmon proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthesis is controlled by structural genes and regulated by transcription factors (TFs). MicroRNAs are a key factor involved in regulating gene expression at the posttranscriptional level whose functions in persimmon PA biosynthesis are poorly understood. Here, we identified a microRNA, miR858b, that putatively targets two R2R3-MYB TFs, DkMYB19 and DkMYB20. DkMYB19, DkMYB20, and miR858b showed divergent expression patterns during fruit development, and the interaction between miR858b and DkMYB19 or DkMYB20 was experimentally validated by 5' RNA ligase-mediated RACE, LUC enzyme activity analysis, and GFP signal detection. The DkMYB19 localized to the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm and DkMYB20 localized to the nucleus. The overexpression of miR858b led to the downregulation of DkMYB19 and DkMYB20, which reduced the content of PA, whereas a reduction in miR858b activity upregulated DkMYB19 and DkMYB20, resulting in a high content of PA in leaves transiently expressing a small tandem target mimic construct for blocking miR858 (STTM858b) in vivo. The transient transformation of miR858b in fruit discs in vitro also reduced the content of PA, while the content of PA increased under the transient transformation of fruit discs with STTM858b, DkMYB19, or DkMYB20. A similar phenomenon was observed upon the overexpression of miR858b in wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis and DkMYB19 or DkMYB20 in persimmon leaf calli. These findings suggested that miR858b repressed the expression of DkMYB19 and DkMYB20, which contributed to the PA accumulation in persimmon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qinglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Marques I, Fernandes I, David PH, Paulo OS, Goulao LF, Fortunato AS, Lidon FC, DaMatta FM, Ramalho JC, Ribeiro-Barros AI. Transcriptomic Leaf Profiling Reveals Differential Responses of the Two Most Traded Coffee Species to Elevated [CO 2]. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239211. [PMID: 33287164 PMCID: PMC7730880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As atmospheric [CO2] continues to rise to unprecedented levels, understanding its impact on plants is imperative to improve crop performance and sustainability under future climate conditions. In this context, transcriptional changes promoted by elevated CO2 (eCO2) were studied in genotypes from the two major traded coffee species: the allopolyploid Coffea arabica (Icatu) and its diploid parent, C. canephora (CL153). While Icatu expressed more genes than CL153, a higher number of differentially expressed genes were found in CL153 as a response to eCO2. Although many genes were found to be commonly expressed by the two genotypes under eCO2, unique genes and pathways differed between them, with CL153 showing more enriched GO terms and metabolic pathways than Icatu. Divergent functional categories and significantly enriched pathways were found in these genotypes, which altogether supports contrasting responses to eCO2. A considerable number of genes linked to coffee physiological and biochemical responses were found to be affected by eCO2 with the significant upregulation of photosynthetic, antioxidant, and lipidic genes. This supports the absence of photosynthesis down-regulation and, therefore, the maintenance of increased photosynthetic potential promoted by eCO2 in these coffee genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Marques
- Plant-Environment Interactions and Biodiversity Lab (PlantStress & Biodiversity), Forest Research Centre (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 2784-505 Oeiras and Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.F.); (P.H.D.); (O.S.P.)
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (J.C.R.); (A.I.R.-B.)
| | - Isabel Fernandes
- Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.F.); (P.H.D.); (O.S.P.)
| | - Pedro H.C. David
- Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.F.); (P.H.D.); (O.S.P.)
| | - Octávio S. Paulo
- Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.F.); (P.H.D.); (O.S.P.)
| | - Luis F. Goulao
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Ana S. Fortunato
- GREEN-IT—Bioresources for Sustainability, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Fernando C. Lidon
- GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Fábio M. DaMatta
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900 (MG), Brazil;
| | - José C. Ramalho
- Plant-Environment Interactions and Biodiversity Lab (PlantStress & Biodiversity), Forest Research Centre (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 2784-505 Oeiras and Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (J.C.R.); (A.I.R.-B.)
| | - Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros
- Plant-Environment Interactions and Biodiversity Lab (PlantStress & Biodiversity), Forest Research Centre (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 2784-505 Oeiras and Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (J.C.R.); (A.I.R.-B.)
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14
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Wu W, Wang MM, Gong H, Liu XF, Guo DL, Sun NJ, Huang JW, Zhu QG, Chen KS, Yin XR. High CO2/hypoxia-induced softening of persimmon fruit is modulated by DkERF8/16 and DkNAC9 complexes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2690-2700. [PMID: 31926021 PMCID: PMC7210769 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Most persimmon (Diospyros kaki) cultivars are astringent and require post-harvest deastringency treatments such as 95% CO2 (high-CO2 treatment) to make them acceptable to consumers. High-CO2 treatment can, however, also induce excessive softening, which can be reduced by adding 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Previous studies have shown that genes encoding the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS (ERFs) DkERF8/16/19 can trans-activate xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (DkXTH9), which encodes the cell wall-degrading enzyme associated with persimmon fruit softening. In this study, RNA-seq data between three treatments were compared, namely high-CO2, high-CO2+1-MCP, and controls. A total of 227 differentially expressed genes, including 17 transcription factors, were predicted to be related to persimmon post-deastringency softening. Dual-luciferase assays indicated that DkNAC9 activated the DkEGase1 promoter 2.64-fold. Synergistic effects on transcription of DkEGase1 that involved DkNAC9 and the previously reported DkERF8/16 were identified. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that DkNAC9 could physically bind to the DkEGase1 promoter. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and firefly luciferase complementation imaging assays indicated protein-protein interactions between DkNAC9 and DkERF8/16. Based on these findings, we conclude that DkNAC9 is a direct transcriptional activator of DkEGase1 that can co-operate with DkERF8/16 to enhance fruit post-deastringency softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miao-miao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-fen Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Da-long Guo
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Ning-jing Sun
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Baoshan University, Baoshan, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing-wen Huang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing-gang Zhu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun-song Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue-ren Yin
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Brizzolara S, Manganaris GA, Fotopoulos V, Watkins CB, Tonutti P. Primary Metabolism in Fresh Fruits During Storage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:80. [PMID: 32140162 PMCID: PMC7042374 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The extension of commercial life and the reduction of postharvest losses of perishable fruits is mainly based on storage at low temperatures alone or in combination with modified atmospheres (MAs) and controlled atmospheres (CAs), directed primarily at reducing their overall metabolism thus delaying ripening and senescence. Fruits react to postharvest conditions with desirable changes if appropriate protocols are applied, but otherwise can develop negative and unacceptable traits due to the onset of physiological disorders. Extended cold storage periods and/or inappropriate temperatures can result in development of chilling injuries (CIs). The etiology, incidence, and severity of such symptoms vary even within cultivars of the same species, indicating the genotype significance. Carbohydrates and amino acids have protective/regulating roles in CI development. MA/CA storage protocols involve storage under hypoxic conditions and high carbon dioxide concentrations that can maximize quality over extended storage periods but are also affected by the cultivar, exposure time, and storage temperatures. Pyruvate metabolism is highly reactive to changes in oxygen concentration and is greatly affected by the shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Ethylene-induced changes in fruits can also have deleterious effects under cold storage and MA/CA conditions, affecting susceptibility to chilling and carbon dioxide injuries. The availability of the inhibitor of ethylene perception 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) has not only resulted in development of a new technology but has also been used to increase understanding of the role of ethylene in ripening of both non-climacteric and climacteric fruits. Temperature, MA/CA, and 1-MCP alter fruit physiology and biochemistry, resulting in compositional changes in carbon- and nitrogen-related metabolisms and compounds. Successful application of these storage technologies to fruits must consider their effects on the metabolism of carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids and lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George A. Manganaris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Christopher B. Watkins
- School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Pietro Tonutti
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Pietro Tonutti,
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16
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Guan C, Wang M, Zhang Y, Ruan X, Zhang Q, Luo Z, Yang Y. DkWRKY interacts with pyruvate kinase gene DkPK1 and promotes natural deastringency in C-PCNA persimmon. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 290:110285. [PMID: 31779905 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PAs, also known as condensed tannins, cause the astringency sensation in the persimmon fruit. The astringency of Chinese pollination-constant non-astringent (C-PCNA) persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) can be naturally removed on the tree, but the regulatory mechanisms of deastringency remain to be elucidated. In our previous research, DkPK1 was shown to be involved in the natural loss of astringency of C-PCNA persimmon fruit. In the present study, yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) library screening using the DkPK1 promoter as baits identified two DkWRKY transcription factor genes (DkWRKY3 and -15). The transcript levels of both DkWRKY3 and -15 exhibited a positive correlation with the decrease in soluble proanthocyanidin (PA) content during the last developmental stage in C-PCNA persimmon. Multiple sequence analysis and subcellular localization confirmed that DkWRKY3 and -15 belonging to the group II and I families, respectively, were both located in the nucleus. Dual-luciferase and Y1H assays demonstrated that DkWRKY3 and -15 can transactivate the DkPK1 promoters. The combination of DkWRKY3 and -15 most likely produced an additive activation effect compared to a single activator on DkPK1, although the two transcriptional activators were not capable of interacting. Notably, DkWRKY3 and -15 showed ubiquitous expression in various organs and abundant upregulation in seeds. Furthermore, transient overexpression of both DkWRKY3 and -15 in persimmon leaves led to a significant decrease in the content of soluble PAs but a significant increase in the expression levels of the acetaldehyde metabolism-related DkPK, DkPDC and DkADH genes. Thus, we suggest that DkWRKY3 and -15 are the upstream regulators of DkPK1 and positively regulate the natural deastringency in C-PCNA persimmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangfan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhengrong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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17
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Zhu QG, Xu Y, Yang Y, Guan CF, Zhang QY, Huang JW, Grierson D, Chen KS, Gong BC, Yin XR. The persimmon ( Diospyros oleifera Cheng) genome provides new insights into the inheritance of astringency and ancestral evolution. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:138. [PMID: 31871686 PMCID: PMC6917749 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) is an oriental perennial woody fruit tree whose popular fruit is produced and consumed worldwide. The persimmon fruit is unique because of the hyperaccumulation of proanthocyanidins during fruit development, causing the mature fruit of most cultivars to have an astringent taste. In this study, we obtained a chromosome-scale genome assembly for 'Youshi' (Diospyros oleifera, 2n = 2x = 30), the diploid species of persimmon, by integrating Illumina sequencing, single-molecule real-time sequencing, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture techniques. The assembled D. oleifera genome consisted of 849.53 Mb, 94.14% (799.71 Mb) of which was assigned to 15 pseudochromosomes, and is the first assembled genome for any member of the Ebenaceae. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the D. oleifera genome underwent an ancient γ whole-genome duplication event. We studied the potential genetic basis for astringency development (proanthocyanidin biosynthesis) and removal (proanthocyanidin insolublization). Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis genes were mainly distributed on chromosome 1, and the clustering of these genes is responsible for the genetic stability of astringency heredity. Genome-based RNA-seq identified deastringency genes, and promoter analysis showed that most of their promoters contained large numbers of low oxygen-responsive motifs, which is consistent with the efficient industrial application of high CO2 treatment to remove astringency. Using the D. oleifera genome as the reference, SLAF-seq indicated that 'Youshi' is one of the ancestors of the cultivated persimmon (2n = 6x = 90). Our study provides significant insights into the genetic basis of persimmon evolution and the development and removal astringency, and it will facilitate the improvement of the breeding of persimmon fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-gang Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
| | - Yang Xu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400 PR China
| | - Yong Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Chang-fei Guan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Qiu-yun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
| | - Jing-wen Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
| | - Don Grierson
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- Plant & Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Kun-song Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
| | - Bang-chu Gong
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400 PR China
| | - Xue-ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
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18
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Jamil W, Wu W, Gong H, Huang JW, Ahmad M, Zhu QG, Jin R, Liu XF, Yin XR. C2H2-Type Zinc Finger Proteins (DkZF1/2) Synergistically Control Persimmon Fruit Deastringency. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225611. [PMID: 31717553 PMCID: PMC6888379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic environments are generally undesirable for most plants, but for astringent persimmon, high CO2 treatment (CO2 > 90%), also termed artificial high-CO2 atmosphere (AHCA), causes acetaldehyde accumulation and precipitation of soluble tannins and could remove astringency. The multiple transcriptional regulatory linkages involved in persimmon fruit deastringency have been advanced significantly by characterizing the ethylene response factors (ERFs), WRKY and MYB; however, the involvement of zinc finger proteins for deastringency has not been investigated. In this study, five genes encoding C2H2-type zinc finger proteins were isolated and designed as DkZF1-5. Phylogenetic and sequence analyses suggested the five DkZFs could be clustered into two different subgroups. qPCR analysis indicated that transcript abundances of DkZF1/4 were significantly upregulated during AHCA treatment (1% O2 and 95% CO2) at day 1, DkZF2/5 at both day 1 and 2, while DkZF3 at day 2. Dual-luciferase assay indicated DkZF1 and DkZF2 as the activators of deastringency-related structural genes (DkPDC2 and DkADH1) and transcription factors (DkERF9/10). Moreover, combinative effects between various transcription factors were investigated, indicating that DkZF1 and DkZF2 synergistically showed significantly stronger activations on the DkPDC2 promoter. Further, both bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and yeast two hybrid (Y2H) assays confirmed that DkZF2 had protein–protein interactions with DkZF1. Thus, these findings illustrate the regulatory mechanisms of zinc finger proteins for persimmon fruit deastringency under AHCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajeeha Jamil
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; (W.J.); (W.W.); (H.G.); (M.A.); (Q.-G.Z.); (R.J.); (X.-F.L.)
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; (W.J.); (W.W.); (H.G.); (M.A.); (Q.-G.Z.); (R.J.); (X.-F.L.)
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; (W.J.); (W.W.); (H.G.); (M.A.); (Q.-G.Z.); (R.J.); (X.-F.L.)
| | - Jing-Wen Huang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; (W.J.); (W.W.); (H.G.); (M.A.); (Q.-G.Z.); (R.J.); (X.-F.L.)
| | - Mudassar Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; (W.J.); (W.W.); (H.G.); (M.A.); (Q.-G.Z.); (R.J.); (X.-F.L.)
| | - Qing-Gang Zhu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; (W.J.); (W.W.); (H.G.); (M.A.); (Q.-G.Z.); (R.J.); (X.-F.L.)
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; (W.J.); (W.W.); (H.G.); (M.A.); (Q.-G.Z.); (R.J.); (X.-F.L.)
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; (W.J.); (W.W.); (H.G.); (M.A.); (Q.-G.Z.); (R.J.); (X.-F.L.)
| | - Xue-Ren Yin
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; (W.J.); (W.W.); (H.G.); (M.A.); (Q.-G.Z.); (R.J.); (X.-F.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-8898-2461
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Zhu QG, Gong ZY, Huang J, Grierson D, Chen KS, Yin XR. High-CO 2/Hypoxia-Responsive Transcription Factors DkERF24 and DkWRKY1 Interact and Activate DkPDC2 Promoter. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:621-633. [PMID: 30850469 PMCID: PMC6501092 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Identification and functional characterization of hypoxia-responsive transcription factors is important for understanding plant responses to natural anaerobic environments and during storage and transport of fresh horticultural products. In this study, yeast one-hybrid library screening using the persimmon (Diospyros kaki) pyruvate decarboxylase (DkPDC2) promoter identified three ethylene response factor (ERF) genes (DkERF23/DkERF24/DkERF25) and four WRKY transcription factor genes (DkWRKY/DdkWRKY5/DkWRKY6/DkWRKY7) that were differentially expressed in response to high CO2 (95%, with 4% N2 and 1% oxygen) and high N2 (99% N2 and 1% oxygen). Yeast one-hybrid assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that DkERF23, DkERF24, DkERF25, DkWRKY6, and DkWRKY7 could directly bind to the DkPDC2 promoter. Dual-luciferase assays confirmed that these transcription factors were capable of transactivating the DkPDC2 promoter. DkERF24 and DkWRKY1 in combination synergistically transactivated the DkPDC2 promoter, and yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays confirmed protein-protein interaction between DkERF24 and DkWRKY1. Transient overexpression of DkERF24 and DkWRKY1 separately and in combination in persimmon fruit discs was effective in maintaining insolubilization of tannins, concomitantly with the accumulation of DkPDC2 transcripts. Studies with Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) homologs AtERF1 and AtWRKY53 indicated that similar protein-protein interactions and synergistic regulatory effects also occur with the DkPDC2 promoter. We propose that an ERF and WRKY transcription factor complex contributes to responses to hypoxia in both persimmon fruit and Arabidopsis, and the possibility that this is a general plant response requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Gang Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zi-Yuan Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingwen Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Kun-Song Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue-Ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
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20
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Fukao T, Barrera-Figueroa BE, Juntawong P, Peña-Castro JM. Submergence and Waterlogging Stress in Plants: A Review Highlighting Research Opportunities and Understudied Aspects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:340. [PMID: 30967888 PMCID: PMC6439527 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soil flooding creates composite and complex stress in plants known as either submergence or waterlogging stress depending on the depth of the water table. In nature, these stresses are important factors dictating the species composition of the ecosystem. On agricultural land, they cause economic damage associated with long-term social consequences. The understanding of the plant molecular responses to these two stresses has benefited from research studying individual components of the stress, in particular low-oxygen stress. To a lesser extent, other associated stresses and plant responses have been incorporated into the molecular framework, such as ion and ROS signaling, pathogen susceptibility, and organ-specific expression and development. In this review, we aim to highlight known or suspected components of submergence/waterlogging stress that have not yet been thoroughly studied at the molecular level in this context, such as miRNA and retrotransposon expression, the influence of light/dark cycles, protein isoforms, root architecture, sugar sensing and signaling, post-stress molecular events, heavy-metal and salinity stress, and mRNA dynamics (splicing, sequestering, and ribosome loading). Finally, we explore biotechnological strategies that have applied this molecular knowledge to develop cultivars resistant to flooding or to offer alternative uses of flooding-prone soils, like bioethanol and biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fukao
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | | | - Piyada Juntawong
- Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University – Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Julián Mario Peña-Castro
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad del Papaloapan, Tuxtepec, Mexico
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21
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Cui J, Jiang N, Meng J, Yang G, Liu W, Zhou X, Ma N, Hou X, Luan Y. LncRNA33732-respiratory burst oxidase module associated with WRKY1 in tomato- Phytophthora infestans interactions. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:933-946. [PMID: 30472748 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies indicated that tomato WRKY1 transcription factor acts as a positive regulator during tomato resistance to Phytophthora infestans. However, the molecular mechanism of WRKY1-mediated resistance regulation remains unclear. Here, we used a comparative transcriptome analysis between wild-type and WRKY1-overexpressing tomato plants to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and long non-coding RNAs (DELs), and we examined long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-gene networks. The promoter sequences of the upregulated DEGs and DELs were analyzed. Among 1073 DEGs and 199 DELs, 1 kb 5'-upstream regions of 59 DEGs and 22 DELs contain the W-box, the target sequence of the WRKY1. The results of promoter-β-glucuronidase (GUS) fusion and yeast one-hybrid assay showed that lncRNA33732 was activated by WRKY1 through sequence-specific interactions with the W-box element in its promoter. The overexpression and silencing analysis of lncRNA33732 in tomato showed that lncRNA33732 acts as a positive regulator and enhanced tomato resistance to P. infestans by induction of the expression of respiratory burst oxidase (RBOH) and increase in the accumulation of H2 O2 . When the expression of RBOH gene was inhibited in tomato plants, H2 O2 accumulation decreased and resistance were impaired. These findings suggest that lncRNA33732 activated by WRKY1 induces RBOH expression to increase H2 O2 accumulation in early defense reaction of tomato to P. infestans attack. Our results provide insights into the WRKY1-lncRNA33732-RBOH module involved in the regulation of H2 O2 accumulation and resistance to P. infestans, as well as provide candidates to enhance broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cui
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jun Meng
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Guanglei Yang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhou
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ning Ma
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xinxin Hou
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yushi Luan
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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22
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Cukrov D. Progress toward Understanding the Molecular Basis of Fruit Response to Hypoxia. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7040078. [PMID: 30248917 PMCID: PMC6314085 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen has shaped life on Earth as we know it today. Molecular oxygen is essential for normal cellular function, i.e., plants need oxygen to maintain cellular respiration and for a wide variety of biochemical reactions. When oxygen levels in the cell are lower than levels needed for respiration, then the cell experiences hypoxia. Plants are known to experience root hypoxia during natural environmental conditions like flooding. Fruit, on the other hand, is known to be hypoxic under normal oxygen conditions. This observation could be explained (at least partially) as a consequence of diffusional barriers, low tissue diffusivity, and high oxygen consumption by respiration. From the physiological point of view, hypoxia is known to have a profound impact on fruit development, since it is well documented that a low oxygen environment can significantly delay ripening and senescence of some fruit. This effect of a low-oxygen environment is readily used for optimizing storage conditions and transport, and for prolonging the shelf life of several fruit commodities. Therefore, further understanding of the complex relationship between oxygen availability within the cell and fruit development could assist postharvest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Cukrov
- Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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