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McGarry RC, Ayre BG. Cotton Meristem Transcriptomes: Constructing an RNA-Seq Pipeline to Explore Crop Architecture Regulation. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2812:215-233. [PMID: 39068365 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3886-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Plants stem cells, known as meristems, specify all patterns of growth and organ size. Differences in meristem activities contribute to diverse shoot architectures. As many architectural traits, such as branching patterns, flowering time, and fruit size, are yield determinants, meristem regulation is of fundamental importance to crop productivity. Cotton (Gossypium spp.) produces our most prevalent natural fiber that finds its way into products ranging from industrial cellulose, medical supplies, and paper currency, to a broad diversity of textiles, not least of which is our clothing. However, the cotton plant has growth habits that challenge management practices and limit harvest yield and quality. Unraveling and leveraging the genetic networks regulating meristem activities offers the potential to overcome these limitations. We use virus-based technologies in cotton to perturb signals regulating meristem fate and size. In this chapter, we describe our pipeline for altering cotton meristem dynamics and preparing, analyzing, and exploring the transcriptomes from isolated meristems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róisín C McGarry
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Brian G Ayre
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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Eswaramoorthy V, Kandasamy T, Thiyagarajan K, Chockalingam V, Jegadeesan S, Natesan S, Adhimoolam K, Prabhakaran J, Singh R, Muthurajan R. Characterization of terminal flowering cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) mutants obtained by induced mutagenesis digs out the loss-of-function of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295509. [PMID: 38096151 PMCID: PMC10721064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is one of the major food legume crops grown extensively in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The determinate habit of cowpea has many advantages over the indeterminate and is well adapted to modern farming systems. Mutation breeding is an active research area to develop the determinate habit of cowpea. The present study aimed to develop new determinate habit mutants with terminal flowering (TFL) in locally well-adapted genetic backgrounds. Consequently, the seeds of popular cowpea cv P152 were irradiated with doses of gamma rays (200, 250, and, 300 Gy), and the M1 populations were grown. The M2 populations were produced from the M1 progenies and selected determinate mutants (TFLCM-1 and TFLCM-2) from the M2 generation (200 Gy) were forwarded up to the M5 generation to characterize the mutants and simultaneously they were crossed with P152 to develop a MutMap population. In the M5 generation, determinate mutants (80-81 days) were characterized by evaluating the TFL growth habit, longer peduncles (30.75-31.45 cm), erect pods (160°- 200°), number of pods per cluster (4-5 nos.), and early maturity. Further, sequencing analysis of the VuTFL1 gene in the determinate mutants and MutMap population revealed a single nucleotide transversion (A-T at 1196 bp) in the fourth exon and asparagine (N) to tyrosine (Y) amino acid change at the 143rd position of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP). Notably, the loss of function PEPB with a higher confidence level modification of anti-parallel beta-sheets and destabilization of the protein secondary structure was observed in the mutant lines. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the VuTFL1 gene was downregulated at the flowering stage in TFL mutants. Collectively, the insights garnered from this study affirm the effectiveness of induced mutation in modifying the plant's ideotype. The TFL mutants developed during this investigation have the potential to serve as a valuable resource for fostering determinate traits in future cowpea breeding programs and pave the way for mechanical harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Eswaramoorthy
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thangaraj Kandasamy
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalaimagal Thiyagarajan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vanniarajan Chockalingam
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Souframanien Jegadeesan
- Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Senthil Natesan
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Karthikeyan Adhimoolam
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Jeyakumar Prabhakaran
- Department of Crop Physiology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramji Singh
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raveendran Muthurajan
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
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Huang X, Liu H, Ma B. The Current Progresses in the Genes and Networks Regulating Cotton Plant Architecture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:882583. [PMID: 35755647 PMCID: PMC9218861 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.882583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is the most important source of natural fiber in the world as well as a key source of edible oil. The plant architecture and flowering time in cotton are crucial factors affecting cotton yield and the efficiency of mechanized harvest. In the model plant arabidopsis, the functions of genes related to plant height, inflorescence structure, and flowering time have been well studied. In the model crops, such as tomato and rice, the similar genetic explorations have greatly strengthened the economic benefits of these crops. Plants of the Gossypium genus have the characteristics of perennials with indeterminate growth and the cultivated allotetraploid cottons, G. hirsutum (Upland cotton), and G. barbadense (Sea-island cotton), have complex branching patterns. In this paper, we review the current progresses in the identification of genes affecting cotton architecture and flowering time in the cotton genome and the elucidation of their functional mechanisms associated with branching patterns, branching angle, fruit branch length, and plant height. This review focuses on the following aspects: (i) plant hormone signal transduction pathway; (ii) identification of cotton plant architecture QTLs and PEBP gene family members; (iii) functions of FT/SFT and SP genes; (iv) florigen and anti-florigen systems. We highlight areas that require further research, and should lay the groundwork for the targeted bioengineering of improved cotton cultivars with flowering times, plant architecture, growth habits and yields better suited for modern, mechanized cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhong Huang
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Curtin S, Qi Y, Peres LEP, Fernie AR, Zsögön A. Pathways to de novo domestication of crop wild relatives. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1746-1756. [PMID: 34850221 PMCID: PMC8968405 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Growing knowledge about crop domestication, combined with increasingly powerful gene-editing toolkits, sets the stage for the continual domestication of crop wild relatives and other lesser-known plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Curtin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
- Center for Plant Precision Genomics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Yiping Qi
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Lázaro E P Peres
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, CP 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Prewitt SF, Shalit-Kaneh A, Maximova SN, Guiltinan MJ. Inter-species functional compatibility of the Theobroma cacao and Arabidopsis FT orthologs: 90 million years of functional conservation of meristem identity genes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:218. [PMID: 33990176 PMCID: PMC8122565 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02982-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In angiosperms the transition to flowering is controlled by a complex set of interacting networks integrating a range of developmental, physiological, and environmental factors optimizing transition time for maximal reproductive efficiency. The molecular mechanisms comprising these networks have been partially characterized and include both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory pathways. Florigen, encoded by FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) orthologs, is a conserved central integrator of several flowering time regulatory pathways. To characterize the molecular mechanisms involved in controlling cacao flowering time, we have characterized a cacao candidate florigen gene, TcFLOWERING LOCUS T (TcFT). Understanding how this conserved flowering time regulator affects cacao plant's transition to flowering could lead to strategies to accelerate cacao breeding. RESULTS BLAST searches of cacao genome reference assemblies identified seven candidate members of the CENTRORADIALIS/TERMINAL FLOWER1/SELF PRUNING gene family including a single florigen candidate. cDNA encoding the predicted cacao florigen was cloned and functionally tested by transgenic genetic complementation in the Arabidopsis ft-10 mutant. Transgenic expression of the candidate TcFT cDNA in late flowering Arabidopsis ft-10 partially rescues the mutant to wild-type flowering time. Gene expression studies reveal that TcFT is spatially and temporally expressed in a manner similar to that found in Arabidopsis, specifically, TcFT mRNA is shown to be both developmentally and diurnally regulated in leaves and is most abundant in floral tissues. Finally, to test interspecies compatibility of florigens, we transformed cacao tissues with AtFT resulting in the remarkable formation of flowers in tissue culture. The morphology of these in vitro flowers is normal, and they produce pollen that germinates in vitro with high rates. CONCLUSION We have identified the cacao CETS gene family, central to developmental regulation in angiosperms. The role of the cacao's single FT-like gene (TcFT) as a general regulator of determinate growth in cacao was demonstrated by functional complementation of Arabidopsis ft-10 late-flowering mutant and through gene expression analysis. In addition, overexpression of AtFT in cacao resulted in precocious flowering in cacao tissue culture demonstrating the highly conserved function of FT and the mechanisms controlling flowering in cacao.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Prewitt
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - A Shalit-Kaneh
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - S N Maximova
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - M J Guiltinan
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Zheng J, Kong X, Li B, Khan A, Li Z, Liu Y, Kang H, Ullah Dawar F, Zhou R. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis between a Novel Allohexaploid Cotton Progeny CMS Line LD6A and Its Maintainer Line LD6B. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246127. [PMID: 31817342 PMCID: PMC6940886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is an important agronomic feature and provides an effective tool for heterosis utilization of crops. This study reports the comparative transcriptomic sketches between a novel allohexaploid cotton progeny CMS line LD6A and its maintainer line LD6B using de novo transcriptome sequencing technology at the pollen abortion stage. A total of 128,901 Unigenes were identified, in which 2007 were upregulated and 11,864 were downregulated. The significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LD6A show a distant and diverse genetic nature due to their distant hybrid hexaploidy progeny. Further analysis revealed that most of the DEGs participated in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, histone acetyltransferase activity, sepal development, stigma development, cotyledon development and microsporogenesis. A highly differentially expressed toxic protein, Abrin, was identified in the CMS line LD6A, which can catalyze the inactivation of ribosomes and consequently lead to cell death through the mitochondrial pathway in human cells. Twelve DEGs were selected randomly to validate transcriptome data using quantitative reverse-transcribed PCR (qRT-PCR). This study will contribute to new ideas and foundations related to the molecular mechanism of CMS and the innovation of cotton germplasm resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530006, China; (J.Z.); (X.K.); (B.L.); (A.K.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (H.K.)
| | - Xiangjun Kong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530006, China; (J.Z.); (X.K.); (B.L.); (A.K.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (H.K.)
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530006, China; (J.Z.); (X.K.); (B.L.); (A.K.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (H.K.)
| | - Aziz Khan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530006, China; (J.Z.); (X.K.); (B.L.); (A.K.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (H.K.)
| | - Zhiling Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530006, China; (J.Z.); (X.K.); (B.L.); (A.K.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (H.K.)
| | - Yiding Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530006, China; (J.Z.); (X.K.); (B.L.); (A.K.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (H.K.)
| | - Haodong Kang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530006, China; (J.Z.); (X.K.); (B.L.); (A.K.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (H.K.)
| | - Farman Ullah Dawar
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan;
| | - Ruiyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530006, China; (J.Z.); (X.K.); (B.L.); (A.K.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Sang N, Cai D, Li C, Sun Y, Huang X. Characterization and Activity Analyses of the FLOWERING LOCUS T Promoter in Gossypium Hirsutum. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4769. [PMID: 31561427 PMCID: PMC6801411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowering transition is a crucial development process in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and the flowering time is closely correlated with the timing of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) expression. However, the mechanism underlying the coordination of various cis-regulatory elements in the FT promoter of cotton has not been determined. In this study, a 5.9-kb promoter of FT was identified from cotton. A bioinformatics analysis showed that multiple insertion-deletion sites existed in the 5.9-kb promoter. Different expression levels of a reporter gene, and the induction by sequential deletions in GhFT promoter, demonstrated that 1.8-kb of the GhFT promoter was stronger than 4.2-, 4.8-, and 5.9-kb promoter fragments. The binding sites of the CONSTANS (CO) and NUCLEAR FACTOR Y transcription factors were located within the 1.0-kb sequence upstream of the FT transcription start site. A large number of repeat segments were identified in proximal promoter regions (-1.1 to -1.4 kb). A complementation analysis of deletion constructs between 1.0 and 1.8 kb of G. hirsutum, Gossypium arboretum, and Gossypium raimondii FT promoters revealed that the 1.0-kb fragment significantly rescued the late-flowering phenotype of the Arabidopsis FT loss-of-function mutant ft-10, whereas the 1.8-kb promoter only slightly rescued the late-flowering phenotype. Furthermore, the conserved CORE motif in the cotton FT promoter is an atypical TGTG(N2-3)ATG, but the number of arbitrary bases between TGTG and ATG is uncertain. Thus, the proximal FT promoter region might play an important role affecting the activity levels of FT promoters in cotton flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.
- Special Plant Genomics Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.
| | - Darun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yuqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xianzhong Huang
- Special Plant Genomics Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, Anhui, China.
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Qanmber G, Lu L, Liu Z, Yu D, Zhou K, Huo P, Li F, Yang Z. Genome-wide identification of GhAAI genes reveals that GhAAI66 triggers a phase transition to induce early flowering. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4721-4736. [PMID: 31106831 PMCID: PMC6760319 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants undergo a phase transition from vegetative to reproductive development that triggers floral induction. Genes containing an AAI (α-amylase inhibitor) domain form a large gene family, but there have been no comprehensive analyses of this gene family in any plant species. Here, we identified 336 AAI genes from nine plant species including122 AAI genes in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). The AAI gene family has evolutionarily conserved amino acid residues throughout the plant kingdom. Phylogenetic analysis classified AAI genes into five major clades with significant polyploidization and showing effects of genome duplication. Our study identified 42 paralogous and 216 orthologous gene pairs resulting from segmental and whole-genome duplication, respectively, demonstrating significant contributions of gene duplication to expansion of the cotton AAI gene family. Further, GhAAI66 was preferentially expressed in flower tissue and as responses to phytohormone treatments. Ectopic expression of GhAAI66 in Arabidopsis and silencing in cotton revealed that GhAAI66 triggers a phase transition to induce early flowering. Further, GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis of RNA sequencing data and qRT-PCR (quantitative reverse transcription-PCR) analysis indicated that GhAAI66 integrates multiple flower signaling pathways including gibberellin, jasmonic acid, and floral integrators to trigger an early flowering cascade in Arabidopsis. Therefore, characterization of the AAI family provides invaluable insights for improving cotton breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Qanmber
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Lili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Daoqian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Kehai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Peng Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Zuoren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Correspondence: or
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Yu X, Liu H, Sang N, Li Y, Zhang T, Sun J, Huang X. Identification of cotton MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 homologs, GhMFT1 and GhMFT2, involved in seed germination. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215771. [PMID: 31002698 PMCID: PMC6474632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) is comprised of three clades: FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) and MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (MFT). FT/TFL1-like clades regulate identities of the determinate and indeterminate meristems, and ultimately affect flowering time and plant architecture. MFT is generally considered to be the ancestor of FT/TFL1, but its function is not well understood. Here, two MFT homoeologous gene pairs in Gossypium hirsutum, GhMFT1-A/D and GhMFT2-A/D, were identified by genome-wide identification of MFT-like genes. Detailed expression analysis revealed that GhMFT1 and GhMFT2 homoeologous genes were predominately expressed in ovules, and their expression increased remarkably during ovule development but decreased quickly during seed germination. Expressions of GhMFT1 and GhMFT2 homoeologous genes in germinating seeds were upregulated in response to abscisic acid (ABA), and their expressions also responded to gibberellin (GA). In addition, ectopic overexpression of GhMFT1 and GhMFT2 in Arabidopsis inhibited seed germination at the early stage. Gene transcription analysis showed that ABA metabolism genes ABA-INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3) and ABI5, GA signal transduction pathway genes REPRESSOR OF ga1-3 (RGA) and RGA-LIKE2 (RGL2) were all upregulated in the 35S:GhMFT1 and 35S:GhMFT2 transgenic Arabidopsis seeds. GhMFT1 and GhMFT2 localize in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and both interact with a cotton bZIP transcription factor GhFD, suggesting that both of GhMFT1, 2 have similar intracellular regulation mechanisms. Taken together, the results suggest that GhMFT1 and GhMFT2 may act redundantly and differentially in the regulation of seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Special Plant Genomics Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Special Plant Genomics Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Na Sang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Special Plant Genomics Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Special Plant Genomics Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Special Plant Genomics Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xianzhong Huang
- Special Plant Genomics Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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