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Li J, Lardon R, Mangelinckx S, Geelen D. A practical guide to the discovery of biomolecules with biostimulant activity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3797-3817. [PMID: 38630561 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The growing demand for sustainable solutions in agriculture, which are critical for crop productivity and food quality in the face of climate change and the need to reduce agrochemical usage, has brought biostimulants into the spotlight as valuable tools for regenerative agriculture. With their diverse biological activities, biostimulants can contribute to crop growth, nutrient use efficiency, and abiotic stress resilience, as well as to the restoration of soil health. Biomolecules include humic substances, protein lysates, phenolics, and carbohydrates have undergone thorough investigation because of their demonstrated biostimulant activities. Here, we review the process of the discovery and development of extract-based biostimulants, and propose a practical step-by-step pipeline that starts with initial identification of biomolecules, followed by extraction and isolation, determination of bioactivity, identification of active compound(s), elucidation of mechanisms, formulation, and assessment of effectiveness. The different steps generate a roadmap that aims to expedite the transfer of interdisciplinary knowledge from laboratory-scale studies to pilot-scale production in practical scenarios that are aligned with the prevailing regulatory frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- HortiCell, Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robin Lardon
- HortiCell, Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Mangelinckx
- SynBioC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danny Geelen
- HortiCell, Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Addae-Mensah I, Dziwornu GA, Chama MA, Osei-Safo D. The dichapetalins and dichapetalin-type compounds: structural diversity, bioactivity, and future research perspectives. Nat Prod Rep 2024. [PMID: 38963155 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00039g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Covering mainly from 2013 up to 2023 with relevant references to work done before 2013First reported in 1995, the dichapetalins and analogous compounds constitute a novel class of natural dammarane-type merotriterpenoids characterized by their unique 2-phenylpyrano moiety annellated to ring A of the dammarane skeleton. They have been reported from only two genera: Dichapetalum (Dichapetalaceae) and Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae). About 100 novel dichapetalins and dichapetalin-type compounds, including the acutissimatriterpenes and their antitumour and other bioactivities have been reported. In the present review, we cover the distribution, ethnobotanical and medicinal importance and the diversity of secondary metabolites reported from the two genera Dichapetalum and Phyllanthus from 2013 to date, with appropriate reference to relevant information prior to 2013. We also propose and discuss possible biosynthetic pathways, antitumour activity against a broad range of human and murine cancer cell lines, structure activity relationships, and other biological activities and mechanisms of action. Finally, the review deals with future perspectives which include expansion of the structural diversity and bioactivity scope, possible simplification of the structural complexity of the compounds to enhance their drug-likeness, in silico studies, and continuation of the search for new dichapetalins and dichapetalin-type compounds from the over 200 Dichapetalum and over 1200 Phyllanthus species yet to be investigated. It is envisaged that the present review will stimulate further multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Godwin Akpeko Dziwornu
- Holistic Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.
| | - Mary Anti Chama
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Dorcas Osei-Safo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
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3
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Rates ADB, Cesarino I. Pour some sugar on me: The diverse functions of phenylpropanoid glycosylation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 291:154138. [PMID: 38006622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid metabolism is the source of a vast array of specialized metabolites that play diverse functions in plant growth and development and contribute to all aspects of plant interactions with their surrounding environment. These compounds protect plants from damaging ultraviolet radiation and reactive oxygen species, provide mechanical support for the plants to stand upright, and mediate plant-plant and plant-microorganism communications. The enormous metabolic diversity of phenylpropanoids is further expanded by chemical modifications known as "decorative reactions", including hydroxylation, methylation, glycosylation, and acylation. Among these modifications, glycosylation is the major driving force of phenylpropanoid structural diversification, also contributing to the expansion of their properties. Phenylpropanoid glycosylation is catalyzed by regioselective uridine diphosphate (UDP)-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs), whereas glycosyl hydrolases known as β-glucosidases are the major players in deglycosylation. In this article, we review how the glycosylation process affects key physicochemical properties of phenylpropanoids, such as molecular stability and solubility, as well as metabolite compartmentalization/storage and biological activity/toxicity. We also summarize the recent knowledge on the functional implications of glycosylation of different classes of phenylpropanoid compounds. A balance of glycosylation/deglycosylation might represent an essential molecular mechanism to regulate phenylpropanoid homeostasis, allowing plants to dynamically respond to diverse environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur de Barros Rates
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Cesarino
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil; Synthetic and Systems Biology Center, InovaUSP, Avenida Professor Lucio Martins Rodrigues 370, 05508-020, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Temirbekova SK, Polivanova OB, Sardarova II, Bastaubaeva SO, Kalashnikova EA, Begeulov MS, Ashirbekov MZ, Afanasyeva YV, Zhemchuzhina NS, Ionova NE, Statsyuk NV, Kirakosyan RN, Saleh A. Naked Oat and Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc. Responses to Growth Regulator Effects. Pathogens 2023; 12:1051. [PMID: 37624011 PMCID: PMC10459904 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant defense system can be stimulated by growth regulators in plants when they are under stress, such as exposure to pathogens. There are a lot of natural growth regulators on the market, but no research has been carried out yet to determine how effective they are. This field and laboratory study examines the impact of two commonly used Russian growth regulators, Crezacin and Zircon, along with artificial infection with Fusarium culmorum on the antioxidant system of naked oat. The results show that, compared to the control, Crezacin-treated plants had higher contents of low molecular weight fructose and nonenzymatic antioxidants like proline, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. Zircon-treated plants had a lower content of proline, carbohydrates, and lower total antioxidant activity than the control plants. The obtained data show that Crezacin treatment mainly affected nonenzymatic systems of the antioxidant defense. This treatment was more successful than the Zircon application, which did not show any appreciable effectiveness and was typically associated with an improvement in oat productivity. The treatment with growth regulators and a fungal suspension performed at the flowering phase provided the best effect on the biochemical parameters and productivity of naked oats. Moreover, oat treatment with the pathogen promoted the reproductive capabilities of the plants, while growth regulators helped in avoiding infectious stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulukhan K. Temirbekova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshye Vyazemy 143050, Russia; (I.I.S.); (N.S.Z.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Oksana B. Polivanova
- Department of Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Street 49, Moscow 127434, Russia; (O.B.P.); (E.A.K.); (M.S.B.); (R.N.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Irina I. Sardarova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshye Vyazemy 143050, Russia; (I.I.S.); (N.S.Z.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Sholpan O. Bastaubaeva
- Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Almalybakvillage 021601, Kazakhstan;
| | - Elena A. Kalashnikova
- Department of Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Street 49, Moscow 127434, Russia; (O.B.P.); (E.A.K.); (M.S.B.); (R.N.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Marat Sh. Begeulov
- Department of Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Street 49, Moscow 127434, Russia; (O.B.P.); (E.A.K.); (M.S.B.); (R.N.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Mukhtar Zh. Ashirbekov
- Department of Agronomy and Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy, Manash Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University, 86 Pushkin St., Petropavlovsk 150000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Yuliya V. Afanasyeva
- Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, Zagoryevskaya Street 4, Moscow 115598, Russia;
| | - Natalya S. Zhemchuzhina
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshye Vyazemy 143050, Russia; (I.I.S.); (N.S.Z.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Natalya E. Ionova
- Biotechnology and Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan 420008, Russia;
| | - Natalia V. Statsyuk
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshye Vyazemy 143050, Russia; (I.I.S.); (N.S.Z.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Rima N. Kirakosyan
- Department of Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Street 49, Moscow 127434, Russia; (O.B.P.); (E.A.K.); (M.S.B.); (R.N.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Abdulrahman Saleh
- Department of Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Street 49, Moscow 127434, Russia; (O.B.P.); (E.A.K.); (M.S.B.); (R.N.K.); (A.S.)
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Muro-Villanueva F, Pysh LD, Kim H, Bouse T, Ralph J, Luo Z, Cooper BR, Jannasch AS, Zhang Z, Gu C, Chapple C. Pinoresinol rescues developmental phenotypes of Arabidopsis phenylpropanoid mutants overexpressing FERULATE 5-HYDROXYLASE. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216543120. [PMID: 37487096 PMCID: PMC10401026 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216543120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Most phenylpropanoid pathway flux is directed toward the production of monolignols, but this pathway also generates multiple bioactive metabolites. The monolignols coniferyl and sinapyl alcohol polymerize to form guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) units in lignin, components that are characteristic of plant secondary cell walls. Lignin negatively impacts the saccharification potential of lignocellulosic biomass. Although manipulation of its content and composition through genetic engineering has reduced biomass recalcitrance, in some cases, these genetic manipulations lead to impaired growth. The reduced-growth phenotype is often attributed to poor water transport due to xylem collapse in low-lignin mutants, but alternative models suggest that it could be caused by the hyper- or hypoaccumulation of phenylpropanoid intermediates. In Arabidopsis thaliana, overexpression of FERULATE 5-HYDROXYLASE (F5H) shifts the normal G/S lignin ratio to nearly pure S lignin and does not result in substantial changes to plant growth. In contrast, when we overexpressed F5H in the low-lignin mutants cinnamyl dehydrogenase c and d (cadc cadd), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 1, and reduced epidermal fluorescence 3, plant growth was severely compromised. In addition, cadc cadd plants overexpressing F5H exhibited defects in lateral root development. Exogenous coniferyl alcohol (CA) and its dimeric coupling product, pinoresinol, rescue these phenotypes. These data suggest that mutations in the phenylpropanoid pathway limit the biosynthesis of pinoresinol, and this effect is exacerbated by overexpression of F5H, which further draws down cellular pools of its precursor, CA. Overall, these genetic manipulations appear to restrict the synthesis of pinoresinol or a downstream metabolite that is necessary for plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Muro-Villanueva
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
| | | | - Hoon Kim
- US Department of Energy’s Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, WI53726
| | - Tyler Bouse
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
| | - John Ralph
- US Department of Energy’s Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, WI53726
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Zhiwei Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
| | - Bruce R. Cooper
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
| | - Amber S. Jannasch
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
| | - Chong Gu
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
| | - Clint Chapple
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
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6
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Brouckaert M, Peng M, Höfer R, El Houari I, Darrah C, Storme V, Saeys Y, Vanholme R, Goeminne G, Timokhin VI, Ralph J, Morreel K, Boerjan W. QT-GWAS: A novel method for unveiling biosynthetic loci affecting qualitative metabolic traits. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1212-1227. [PMID: 37349988 PMCID: PMC7614782 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Although the plant kingdom provides an enormous diversity of metabolites with potentially beneficial applications for humankind, a large fraction of these metabolites and their biosynthetic pathways remain unknown. Resolving metabolite structures and their biosynthetic pathways is key to gaining biological understanding and to allow metabolic engineering. In order to retrieve novel biosynthetic genes involved in specialized metabolism, we developed a novel untargeted method designated as qualitative trait GWAS (QT-GWAS) that subjects qualitative metabolic traits to a genome-wide association study, while the conventional metabolite GWAS (mGWAS) mainly considers the quantitative variation of metabolites. As a proof of the validity of QT-GWAS, 23 and 15 of the retrieved associations identified in Arabidopsis thaliana by QT-GWAS and mGWAS, respectively, were supported by previous research. Furthermore, seven gene-metabolite associations retrieved by QT-GWAS were confirmed in this study through reverse genetics combined with metabolomics and/or in vitro enzyme assays. As such, we established that CYTOCHROME P450 706A5 (CYP706A5) is involved in the biosynthesis of chroman derivatives, UDP-GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE 76C3 (UGT76C3) is able to hexosylate guanine in vitro and in planta, and SULFOTRANSFERASE 202B1 (SULT202B1) catalyzes the sulfation of neolignans in vitro. Collectively, our study demonstrates that the untargeted QT-GWAS method can retrieve valid gene-metabolite associations at the level of enzyme-encoding genes, even new associations that cannot be found by the conventional mGWAS, providing a new approach for dissecting qualitative metabolic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Brouckaert
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Meng Peng
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - René Höfer
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ilias El Houari
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chiarina Darrah
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Véronique Storme
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Ghent University, Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Goeminne
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Metabolomics Core, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vitaliy I Timokhin
- Department of Biochemistry, and US Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry, and US Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kris Morreel
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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7
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El Houari I, Klíma P, Baekelandt A, Staswick PE, Uzunova V, Del Genio CI, Steenackers W, Dobrev PI, Filepová R, Novák O, Napier R, Petrášek J, Inzé D, Boerjan W, Vanholme B. Non-specific effects of the CINNAMATE-4-HYDROXYLASE inhibitor piperonylic acid. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37036146 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemical inhibitors are often implemented for the functional characterization of genes to overcome the limitations associated with genetic approaches. Although it is well established that the specificity of the compound is key to success of a pharmacological approach, off-target effects are often overlooked or simply neglected in a complex biological setting. Here we illustrate the cause and implications of such secondary effects by focusing on piperonylic acid (PA), an inhibitor of CINNAMATE-4-HYDROXYLASE (C4H) that is frequently used to investigate the involvement of lignin during plant growth and development. When supplied to plants, we found that PA is recognized as a substrate by GRETCHEN HAGEN 3.6 (GH3.6), an amido synthetase involved in the formation of the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) conjugate IAA-Asp. By competing for the same enzyme, PA interferes with IAA conjugation, resulting in an increase in IAA concentrations in the plant. In line with the broad substrate specificity of the GH3 family of enzymes, treatment with PA increased not only IAA levels but also those of other GH3-conjugated phytohormones, namely jasmonic acid and salicylic acid. Finally, we found that interference with the endogenous function of GH3s potentially contributes to phenotypes previously observed upon PA treatment. We conclude that deregulation of phytohormone homeostasis by surrogate occupation of the conjugation machinery in the plant is likely a general phenomenon when using chemical inhibitors. Our results hereby provide a novel and important basis for future reference in studies using chemical inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias El Houari
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petr Klíma
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Baekelandt
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul E Staswick
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Veselina Uzunova
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Charo I Del Genio
- Centre for Fluid and Complex Systems, School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Coventry University, Prior Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Ward Steenackers
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petre I Dobrev
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Roberta Filepová
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jan Petrášek
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
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8
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Kim CY, Mitchell AJ, Kastner DW, Albright CE, Gutierrez MA, Glinkerman CM, Kulik HJ, Weng JK. Emergence of a proton exchange-based isomerization and lactonization mechanism in the plant coumarin synthase COSY. Nat Commun 2023; 14:597. [PMID: 36737607 PMCID: PMC9898226 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants contain rapidly evolving specialized enzymes that support the biosynthesis of functionally diverse natural products. In coumarin biosynthesis, a BAHD acyltransferase-family enzyme COSY was recently discovered to accelerate coumarin formation as the only known BAHD enzyme to catalyze an intramolecular acyl transfer reaction. Here we investigate the structural and mechanistic basis for COSY's coumarin synthase activity. Our structural analyses reveal an unconventional active-site configuration adapted to COSY's specialized activity. Through mutagenesis studies and deuterium exchange experiments, we identify a unique proton exchange mechanism at the α-carbon of the o-hydroxylated trans-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA substrates during the catalytic cycle of COSY. Quantum mechanical cluster modeling and molecular dynamics further support this key mechanism for lowering the activation energy of the rate-limiting trans-to-cis isomerization step in coumarin production. This study unveils an unconventional catalytic mechanism mediated by a BAHD-family enzyme, and sheds light on COSY's evolutionary origin and its recruitment to coumarin biosynthesis in eudicots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Y Kim
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Andrew J Mitchell
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - David W Kastner
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Claire E Albright
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | | | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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9
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Scientific basis for the use of minimally processed homogenates of Kappaphycus alvarezii (red) and Sargassum wightii (brown) seaweeds as crop biostimulants. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.102969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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10
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Trifluoromethylcinnamanilide Michael Acceptors for Treatment of Resistant Bacterial Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315090. [PMID: 36499415 PMCID: PMC9737391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of thirty-two anilides of 3-(trifluoromethyl)cinnamic acid (series 1) and 4-(trifluoromethyl)cinnamic acid (series 2) was prepared by microwave-assisted synthesis. All the compounds were tested against reference strains Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and resistant clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis (VRE). All the compounds were evaluated in vitro against Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 700084 and M. marinum CAMP 5644. (2E)-3-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-enamide (1j), (2E)-N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-enamide (1o) and (2E)-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]prop-2-enamide (2i), (2E)-N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-prop-2-enamide (2p) showed antistaphylococcal (MICs/MBCs 0.15-5.57 µM) as well as anti-enterococcal (MICs/MBCs 2.34-44.5 µM) activity. The growth of M. marinum was strongly inhibited by compounds 1j and 2p in a MIC range from 0.29 to 2.34 µM, while all the agents of series 1 showed activity against M. smegnatis (MICs ranged from 9.36 to 51.7 µM). The performed docking study demonstrated the ability of the compounds to bind to the active site of the mycobacterial enzyme InhA. The compounds had a significant effect on the inhibition of bacterial respiration, as demonstrated by the MTT assay. The compounds showed not only bacteriostatic activity but also bactericidal activity. Preliminary in vitro cytotoxicity screening was assessed using the human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 and, except for compound 2p, all effective agents did show insignificant cytotoxic effect. Compound 2p is an interesting anti-invasive agent with dual (cytotoxic and antibacterial) activity, while compounds 1j and 1o are the most interesting purely antibacterial compounds within the prepared molecules.
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Vlaminck L, De Rouck B, Desmet S, Van Gerrewey T, Goeminne G, De Smet L, Storme V, Kyndt T, Demeestere K, Gheysen G, Inzé D, Vanholme B, Depuydt S. Opposing effects of trans- and cis-cinnamic acid during rice coleoptile elongation. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e465. [PMID: 36545006 PMCID: PMC9763633 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid cinnamic acid (CA) is a plant metabolite that can occur under a trans- or cis-form. In contrast to the proven bioactivity of the cis-form (c-CA), the activity of trans-CA (t-CA) is still a matter of debate. We tested both compounds using a submerged rice coleoptile assay and demonstrated that they have opposite effects on cell elongation. Notably, in the tip of rice coleoptile t-CA showed an inhibiting and c-CA a stimulating activity. By combining transcriptomics and (untargeted) metabolomics with activity assays and genetic and pharmacological experiments, we aimed to explain the underlying mechanistic processes. We propose a model in which c-CA treatment activates proton pumps and stimulates acidification of the apoplast, which in turn leads to the loosening of the cell wall, necessary for elongation. We hypothesize that c-CA also inactivates auxin efflux transporters, which might cause a local auxin accumulation in the tip of the coleoptile. For t-CA, the phenotype can partially be explained by a stimulation of cell wall polysaccharide feruloylation, leading to a more rigid cell wall. Metabolite profiling also demonstrated that salicylic acid (SA) derivatives are increased upon t-CA treatment. As SA is a known antagonist of auxin, the shift in SA homeostasis provides an additional explanation of the observed t-CA-mediated restriction on cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Vlaminck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB‐UGent Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
- Laboratory of Plant Growth AnalysisGhent University Global CampusIncheonSouth Korea
| | - Brix De Rouck
- Laboratory of Plant Growth AnalysisGhent University Global CampusIncheonSouth Korea
| | | | - Thijs Van Gerrewey
- Laboratory of Plant Growth AnalysisGhent University Global CampusIncheonSouth Korea
| | | | - Lien De Smet
- Department of BiotechnologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Veronique Storme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB‐UGent Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of BiotechnologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | | | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB‐UGent Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB‐UGent Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Stephen Depuydt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB‐UGent Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
- Laboratory of Plant Growth AnalysisGhent University Global CampusIncheonSouth Korea
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12
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De Meester B, Vanholme R, Mota T, Boerjan W. Lignin engineering in forest trees: From gene discovery to field trials. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100465. [PMID: 36307984 PMCID: PMC9700206 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wood is an abundant and renewable feedstock for the production of pulp, fuels, and biobased materials. However, wood is recalcitrant toward deconstruction into cellulose and simple sugars, mainly because of the presence of lignin, an aromatic polymer that shields cell-wall polysaccharides. Hence, numerous research efforts have focused on engineering lignin amount and composition to improve wood processability. Here, we focus on results that have been obtained by engineering the lignin biosynthesis and branching pathways in forest trees to reduce cell-wall recalcitrance, including the introduction of exotic lignin monomers. In addition, we draw general conclusions from over 20 years of field trial research with trees engineered to produce less or altered lignin. We discuss possible causes and solutions for the yield penalty that is often associated with lignin engineering in trees. Finally, we discuss how conventional and new breeding strategies can be combined to develop elite clones with desired lignin properties. We conclude this review with priorities for the development of commercially relevant lignin-engineered trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara De Meester
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thatiane Mota
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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13
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Skirycz A, Fernie AR. Past accomplishments and future challenges of the multi-omics characterization of leaf growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:473-489. [PMID: 35325227 PMCID: PMC9157134 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The advent of omics technologies has revolutionized biology and advanced our understanding of all biological processes, including major developmental transitions in plants and animals. Here, we review the vast knowledge accumulated concerning leaf growth in terms of transcriptional regulation before turning our attention to the historically less well-characterized alterations at the protein and metabolite level. We will then discuss how the advent of biochemical methods coupled with metabolomics and proteomics can provide insight into the protein-protein and protein-metabolite interactome of the growing leaves. We finally highlight the substantial challenges in detection, spatial resolution, integration, and functional validation of the omics results, focusing on metabolomics as a prerequisite for a comprehensive understanding of small-molecule regulation of plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Skirycz
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
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14
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Suwanchaikasem P, Idnurm A, Selby-Pham J, Walker R, Boughton BA. Root-TRAPR: a modular plant growth device to visualize root development and monitor growth parameters, as applied to an elicitor response of Cannabis sativa. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:46. [PMID: 35397608 PMCID: PMC8994333 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00875-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant growth devices, for example, rhizoponics, rhizoboxes, and ecosystem fabrication (EcoFAB), have been developed to facilitate studies of plant root morphology and plant-microbe interactions in controlled laboratory settings. However, several of these designs are suitable only for studying small model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Brachypodium distachyon and therefore require modification to be extended to larger plant species like crop plants. In addition, specific tools and technical skills needed for fabricating these devices may not be available to researchers. Hence, this study aimed to establish an alternative protocol to generate a larger, modular and reusable plant growth device based on different available resources. RESULTS Root-TRAPR (Root-Transparent, Reusable, Affordable three-dimensional Printed Rhizo-hydroponic) system was successfully developed. It consists of two main parts, an internal root growth chamber and an external structural frame. The internal root growth chamber comprises a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) gasket, microscope slide and acrylic sheet, while the external frame is printed from a three-dimensional (3D) printer and secured with nylon screws. To test the efficiency and applicability of the system, industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) was grown with or without exposure to chitosan, a well-known plant elicitor used for stimulating plant defense. Plant root morphology was detected in the system, and plant tissues were easily collected and processed to examine plant biological responses. Upon chitosan treatment, chitinase and peroxidase activities increased in root tissues (1.7- and 2.3-fold, respectively) and exudates (7.2- and 21.6-fold, respectively). In addition, root to shoot ratio of phytohormone contents were increased in response to chitosan. Within 2 weeks of observation, hemp plants exhibited dwarf growth in the Root-TRAPR system, easing plant handling and allowing increased replication under limited growing space. CONCLUSION The Root-TRAPR system facilitates the exploration of root morphology and root exudate of C. sativa under controlled conditions and at a smaller scale. The device is easy to fabricate and applicable for investigating plant responses toward elicitor challenge. In addition, this fabrication protocol is adaptable to study other plants and can be applied to investigate plant physiology in different biological contexts, such as plant responses against biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Idnurm
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jamie Selby-Pham
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Nutrifield Pty Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, 3020, Australia
| | - Robert Walker
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Berin A Boughton
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
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15
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Suzuki T, Kuruma M, Seto Y. A New Series of Strigolactone Analogs Derived From Cinnamic Acids as Germination Inducers for Root Parasitic Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:843362. [PMID: 35422835 PMCID: PMC9002265 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.843362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Root parasitic plants such as Striga and Orobanche cause significant damage on crop production, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Their seeds germinate by sensing host root-derived signaling molecules called strigolactones (SLs). SL mimics can be used as suicidal germination inducers for root parasitic plants. Previous attempts to develop such chemicals have revealed that the methylbutenolide ring (D-ring), a common substructure in all the naturally occurring SLs, is critical for SL agonistic activity, suggesting that it should be possible to generate new SL mimics simply by coupling a D-ring with another molecule. Because structural information regarding SLs and their receptor interaction is still limited, such an approach might be an effective strategy to develop new potent SL agonists. Here, we report development of a series of new SL analogs derived from cinnamic acid (CA), the basis of a class of phenylpropanoid natural products that occur widely in plants. CA has an aromatic ring and a double-bond side-chain structure, which are advantageous for preparing structurally diverse derivatives. We prepared SL analogs from cis and trans configuration CA, and found that all the cis-CA-derived SL analogs had stronger activities as seed germination inducers for the root parasitic plants, Orobanche minor and Striga hermonthica, compared with the corresponding trans-CA-derived analogs. Moreover, introduction of a substitution at the C-4 position increased the germination-stimulating activity. We also found that the SL analogs derived from cis-CA were able to interact directly with SL receptor proteins more effectively than the analogs derived from trans-CA. The cis isomer of CA was previously reported to have a growth promoting effect on non-parasitic plants such as Arabidopsis. We found that SL analogs derived from cis-CA also showed growth promoting activity toward Arabidopsis, suggesting that these new SL agonists might be useful not only as suicidal germination inducers for root parasitic weeds, but also as plant growth promoters for the host plants.
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16
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Tang W, Liu X, He Y, Yang F. Enhancement of Vindoline and Catharanthine Accumulation, Antioxidant Enzymes Activities, and Gene Expression Levels in Catharanthus roseus Leaves by Chitooligosaccharides Elicitation. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030188. [PMID: 35323487 PMCID: PMC8950274 DOI: 10.3390/md20030188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don is a plant belonging to the genus Catharanthus of the Apocynaceae family. It contains more than one hundred alkaloids, of which some exhibit significant pharmacological activities. Chitooligosaccharides are the only basic aminooligosaccharides with positively charged cations in nature, which can regulate plant growth and antioxidant properties. In this study, the leaves of Catharanthus roseus were sprayed with chitooligosaccharides of different molecular weights (1 kDa, 2 kDa, 3 kDa) and different concentrations (0.01 μg/mL, 0.1 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL). The fresh weights of its root, stem and leaf were all improved after chitooligosaccharides treatments. More importantly, the chitooligosaccharides elicitor strongly stimulated the accumulation of vindoline and catharanthine in the leaves, especially with the treatment of 0.1 μg/mL 3 kDa chitooligosaccharides, the contents of them were increased by 60.68% and 141.54%, respectively. Furthermore, as the defensive responses, antioxidant enzymes activities (catalase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) were enhanced under chitooligosaccharides treatments. To further elucidate the underlying mechanism, qRT-PCR was used to investigate the genes expression levels of secologanin synthase (SLS), strictosidine synthase (STR), strictosidine glucosidase (SGD), tabersonine 16-hydroxylase (T16H), desacetoxyvindoline-4-hydroxylase (D4H), deacetylvindoline-4-O-acetyltransferase (DAT), peroxidase 1 (PRX1) and octadecanoid-responsive Catharanthus AP2-domain protein 3 (ORCA3). All the genes were significantly up-regulated after chitooligosaccharides treatments, and the transcription abundance of ORCA3, SLS, STR, DAT and PRX1 reached a maximal level with 0.1 μg/mL 3 kDa chitooligosaccharides treatment. All these results suggest that spraying Catharanthus roseus leaves with chitooligosaccharides, especially 0.1 μg/mL of 3 kDa chitooligosaccharides, may effectively improve the pharmaceutical value of Catharanthus roseus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fan Yang
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-411-86323646
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17
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Durán-Medina Y, Ruiz-Cortés BE, Guerrero-Largo H, Marsch-Martínez N. Specialized metabolism and development: An unexpected friendship. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 64:102142. [PMID: 34856480 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a myriad of metabolites. Some of them have been regarded for a long time as secondary or specialized metabolites and are considered to have functions mostly in defense and the adaptation of plants to their environment. However, in the last years, new research has shown that these metabolites can also have roles in the regulation of plant growth and development, some acting as signals, through the interaction with hormonal pathways, and some independently of them. These reports provide a glimpse of the functional possibilities that specialized metabolites present in the modulation of plant development and encourage more research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Durán-Medina
- Biotecnology and Biochemistry Department, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN) Irapuato Unit, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Esperanza Ruiz-Cortés
- Biotecnology and Biochemistry Department, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN) Irapuato Unit, Mexico
| | - Herenia Guerrero-Largo
- Biotecnology and Biochemistry Department, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN) Irapuato Unit, Mexico
| | - Nayelli Marsch-Martínez
- Biotecnology and Biochemistry Department, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN) Irapuato Unit, Mexico.
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Zobir SAM, Ali A, Adzmi F, Sulaiman MR, Ahmad K. A Review on Nanopesticides for Plant Protection Synthesized Using the Supramolecular Chemistry of Layered Hydroxide Hosts. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111077. [PMID: 34827070 PMCID: PMC8614857 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth in the human population has triggered increased demand for food supply, and in turn has prompted a higher amount of agrochemical usage to meet the gaps between food production and consumption. The problem with conventional agro-nanochemicals is the reduced effectiveness of the active ingredient in reaching the target, along with leaching, evaporation, etc., which ultimately affect the environment and life, including humans. Fortunately, nanotechnology platforms offer a new life for conventional pesticides, which improves bioavailability through different kinetics, mechanisms and pathways on their target organisms, thus enabling them to suitably bypass biological and other unwanted resistances and therefore increase their efficacy. This review is intended to serve the scientific community for research, development and innovation (RDI) purposes, by providing an overview on the current status of the host-guest supramolecular chemistry of nanopesticides, focusing on only the two-dimensional (2D), brucite-like inorganic layered hydroxides, layered hydroxide salts and layered double hydroxides as the functional nanocarriers or as the hosts in smart nanodelivery systems of pesticides for plant protection. Zinc layered hydroxides and zinc/aluminum-layered double hydroxides were found to be the most popular choices of hosts, presumably due to their relative ease to prepare and cheap cost. Other hosts including Mg/Al-, Co/Cr-, Mg/Fe-, Mg/Al/Fe-, Zn/Cr- and Zn/Cu-LDHs were also used. This review also covers various pesticides which were used as the guest active agents using supramolecular host-guest chemistry to combat various pests for plant protection. This looks towards a new generation of agrochemicals, "agro-nanochemicals", which are more effective, and friendly to life, humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syazwan Afif Mohd Zobir
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (S.A.M.Z.); (K.A.); Tel.: +601-2631-2550 (K.A.)
| | - Asgar Ali
- Centre of Excellence for Postharvest Biotechnology (CEPB), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Fariz Adzmi
- Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Roslan Sulaiman
- Department of Science and Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Khairulmazmi Ahmad
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (S.A.M.Z.); (K.A.); Tel.: +601-2631-2550 (K.A.)
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19
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Ha CM, Rao X, Saxena G, Dixon RA. Growth-defense trade-offs and yield loss in plants with engineered cell walls. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:60-74. [PMID: 33811329 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As a major component of plant secondary cell walls, lignin provides structural integrity and rigidity, and contributes to primary defense by providing a physical barrier to pathogen ingress. Genetic modification of lignin biosynthesis has been adopted to reduce the recalcitrance of lignified cell walls to improve biofuel production, tree pulping properties and forage digestibility. However, lignin-modification is often, but unpredictably, associated with dwarf phenotypes. Hypotheses suggested to explain this include: collapsed vessels leading to defects in water and solute transport; accumulation of molecule(s) that are inhibitory to plant growth or deficiency of metabolites that are critical for plant growth; activation of defense pathways linked to cell wall integrity sensing. However, there is still no commonly accepted underlying mechanism for the growth defects. Here, we discuss recent data on transcriptional reprogramming in plants with modified lignin content and their corresponding suppressor mutants, and evaluate growth-defense trade-offs as a factor underlying the growth phenotypes. New approaches will be necessary to estimate how gross changes in transcriptional reprogramming may quantitatively affect growth. Better understanding of the basis for yield drag following cell wall engineering is important for the biotechnological exploitation of plants as factories for fuels and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Man Ha
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311428, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Xiaolan Rao
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, No. 28 Nanli Road, Hong-shan District, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430068, China
| | - Garima Saxena
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311428, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Richard A Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311428, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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El Houari I, Van Beirs C, Arents HE, Han H, Chanoca A, Opdenacker D, Pollier J, Storme V, Steenackers W, Quareshy M, Napier R, Beeckman T, Friml J, De Rybel B, Boerjan W, Vanholme B. Seedling developmental defects upon blocking CINNAMATE-4-HYDROXYLASE are caused by perturbations in auxin transport. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:2275-2291. [PMID: 33728703 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid pathway serves a central role in plant metabolism, providing numerous compounds involved in diverse physiological processes. Most carbon entering the pathway is incorporated into lignin. Although several phenylpropanoid pathway mutants show seedling growth arrest, the role for lignin in seedling growth and development is unexplored. We use complementary pharmacological and genetic approaches to block CINNAMATE-4-HYDROXYLASE (C4H) functionality in Arabidopsis seedlings and a set of molecular and biochemical techniques to investigate the underlying phenotypes. Blocking C4H resulted in reduced lateral rooting and increased adventitious rooting apically in the hypocotyl. These phenotypes coincided with an inhibition in AUX transport. The upstream accumulation in cis-cinnamic acid was found to be likely to cause polar AUX transport inhibition. Conversely, a downstream depletion in lignin perturbed phloem-mediated AUX transport. Restoring lignin deposition effectively reestablished phloem transport and, accordingly, AUX homeostasis. Our results show that the accumulation of bioactive intermediates and depletion in lignin jointly cause the aberrant phenotypes upon blocking C4H, and demonstrate that proper deposition of lignin is essential for the establishment of AUX distribution in seedlings. Our data position the phenylpropanoid pathway and lignin in a new physiological framework, consolidating their importance in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias El Houari
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Caroline Van Beirs
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Helena E Arents
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Huibin Han
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
| | - Alexandra Chanoca
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Davy Opdenacker
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Jacob Pollier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Véronique Storme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Ward Steenackers
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Mussa Quareshy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
| | - Bert De Rybel
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
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21
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Song T, Das D, Zhu F, Chen X, Chen M, Yang F, Zhang J. Effect of Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation on the Nutritional Qualities of Milled Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:721160. [PMID: 34567035 PMCID: PMC8458798 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.721160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation has been widely used to save irrigation water during rice production when compared to the traditionally continuous flooding (CF). Although the influence of AWD on water-saving potential and grain yield has been studied before, its detailed effect on grain nutritional quality in milled rice remains relatively unexplored. In this study, AWD could maintain grain yield as compared with CF. Thus, we undertook efforts to compare the nutritional traits of milled rice irrigated with AWD and CF regimes. A targeted metabolome assay on milled rice identified 74 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) with 22 up- and 52 down-accumulated metabolites under AWD vs. CF. Clustering of the metabolite content obtained in this assay suggested that most of the metabolites showing significant changes belonged to "lipids," "alkaloids," and "phenolic acids." In addition, total protein, starch, lipid, and amino acids content were measured to correlate it with the differential accumulation of specific metabolites detected in the metabolome. Overall, the data suggested that AWD may improve the nutritional performance of milled rice by increasing amino acids and phenolic acids and decreasing lipids and alkaloids. Our study provides research proof for the need for the optimization of irrigation to optimize rice nutritional qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Debatosh Das
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuyuan Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Guangdong Provincal Key Laboratory of Seed and Seedling Health Management Technology, Shenzhen Noposion Agrochemical Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Moxian Chen
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Yang
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Jianhua Zhang
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22
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El Houari I, Boerjan W, Vanholme B. Behind the Scenes: The Impact of Bioactive Phenylpropanoids on the Growth Phenotypes of Arabidopsis Lignin Mutants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:734070. [PMID: 34567045 PMCID: PMC8458929 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.734070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid pathway converts the aromatic amino acid phenylalanine into a wide range of secondary metabolites. Most of the carbon entering the pathway incorporates into the building blocks of lignin, an aromatic polymer providing mechanical strength to plants. Several intermediates in the phenylpropanoid pathway serve as precursors for distinct classes of metabolites that branch out from the core pathway. Untangling this metabolic network in Arabidopsis was largely done using phenylpropanoid pathway mutants, all with different degrees of lignin depletion and associated growth defects. The phenotypic defects of some phenylpropanoid pathway mutants have been attributed to differentially accumulating phenylpropanoids or phenylpropanoid-derived compounds. In this perspectives article, we summarize and discuss the reports describing an altered accumulation of these bioactive molecules as the causal factor for the phenotypes of lignin mutants in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias El Houari
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Bartel Vanholme,
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23
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Encapsulation of Cinnamic Acid by Cucurbit[7]uril for Enhancing Photoisomerization. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25163702. [PMID: 32823809 PMCID: PMC7464550 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cis- or Z-configuration is required for the plant growth-promoting activity of cinnamic acid (CA), whereas the E-form is inactive. Herein, we describe the encapsulation of E-CA by cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) and show that photoisomerization reactions can be more efficiently controlled in aqueous solutions by utilizing this supramolecular approach. Measurements of UV–visible absorption and proton NMR spectra at different pH values confirm that E-CA and its methyl ester, methyl-E-cinnamate (MC), form stronger 1:1 host–guest complexes with CB7 compared to cucurbit[8]uril (CB8) or three cyclodextrins (α-, β-, and γ-CD). Irradiation of (300 nm) UV light to an aqueous solution of the CB7-bound E isomers induces E to Z photoisomerization and the dissociation of the complex. When the same solution is irradiated by (254 nm) UV light, Z to E conformational changes of the unbound Z isomers are observed and are accompanied by restoring the host–guest complex formation.
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24
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Rodríguez RB, Iguchi D, Erra-Balsells R, Salum ML, Froimowicz P. Design and Effects of the Cinnamic Acids Chemical Structures as Organocatalyst on the Polymerization of Benzoxazines. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071527. [PMID: 32660123 PMCID: PMC7407967 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the catalytic effect of the two geometric isomers of a cinnamic acid derivative, E and Z-forms of 3-methoxycinnamic acid (3OMeCA), analyzing the influence of their chemical structures. E and Z-3OMeCA isomers show very good catalytic effect in the polymerization of benzoxazines, decreasing by 40 and 55 °C, respectively, the polymerization temperatures, for catalyst contents of up to 10% w/w. Isothermal polymerizations show that polymerizations are easily realized and analyzed at temperatures as low as 130 °C and at much shorter times using Z-3OMeCA instead of E-3OMeCA. Thus, both cinnamic acids are good catalysts, with Z-3OMeCA being better. The molecular reasons for this difference and mechanistic implications in benzoxazine polymerizations are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío B. Rodríguez
- Design and Chemistry of Macromolecules Group, Institute of Technology in Polymers and Nanotechnology (ITPN), UBA-CONICET, FADU, University of Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón III, subsuelo, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (R.B.R.); (D.I.)
| | - Daniela Iguchi
- Design and Chemistry of Macromolecules Group, Institute of Technology in Polymers and Nanotechnology (ITPN), UBA-CONICET, FADU, University of Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón III, subsuelo, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (R.B.R.); (D.I.)
| | - Rosa Erra-Balsells
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, 3er piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina;
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Pabellón II, 3er piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - M. Laura Salum
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, 3er piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina;
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Pabellón II, 3er piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
- Correspondence: (M.L.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Pablo Froimowicz
- Design and Chemistry of Macromolecules Group, Institute of Technology in Polymers and Nanotechnology (ITPN), UBA-CONICET, FADU, University of Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón III, subsuelo, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (R.B.R.); (D.I.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.S.); (P.F.)
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