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Alhariry J, Kumar A, Yadav TC, Yadav E, Prasad R, Poluri KM, Gupta P. Tyrosol-gold nanoparticle functionalized acacia gum-PVA nanofibers for mitigation of Candida biofilm. Microb Pathog 2024; 193:106763. [PMID: 38925344 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Increasing incidences of fungal infections and prevailing antifungal resistance in healthcare settings has given rise to an antifungal crisis on a global scale. The members of the genus Candida, owing to their ability to acquire sessile growth, are primarily associated with superficial to invasive fungal infections, including the implant-associated infections. The present study introduces a novel approach to combat the sessile/biofilm growth of Candida by fabricating nanofibers using a nanoencapsulation approach. This technique involves the synthesis of tyrosol (TYS) functionalized chitosan gold nanocomposite, which is then encapsulated into PVA/AG polymeric matrix using electrospinning. The FESEM, FTIR analysis of prepared TYS-AuNP@PVA/AG NF suggested the successful encapsulation of TYS into the nanofibers. Further, the sustained and long-term stability of TYS in the medium was confirmed by drug release and storage stability studies. The prepared nanomats can absorb the fluid, as evidenced by the swelling index of the nanofibers. The growth and biofilm inhibition, as well as the disintegration studies against Candida, showed 60-70 % biofilm disintegration when 10 mg of TYS-AuNP@PVA/AG NF was used, hence confirming its biological effectiveness. Subsequently, the nanofibers considerably reduced the hydrophobicity index and ergosterol content of the treated cells. Considering the challenges associated with the inhibition/disruption of fungal biofilm, the fabricated nanofibers prove their effectiveness against Candida biofilm. Therefore, nanocomposite-loaded nanofibers have emerged as potential materials that can control fungal colonization and could also promote healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinan Alhariry
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Tara Chand Yadav
- Department of Electronics, Electric, and Automatic Engineering, Rovira I Virgili University (URV), Tarragona, 43003, Spain
| | - Emansi Yadav
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ramasare Prasad
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Payal Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India.
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Souza JAS, do Amaral JG, Monteiro DR, Fernandes RA, Fernandes GL, Gorup LF, de Souza Neto FN, de Camargo ER, Agostinho AM, Barbosa DB, Delbem ACB. 'Green' silver nanoparticles combined with tyrosol as potential oral antimicrobial therapy. J Dent 2024; 143:104867. [PMID: 38286192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) obtained by a 'green' route associated or not to tyrosol (TYR) against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in planktonic and biofilms states. METHODS AgNPs were obtained by a 'green' route using pomegranate extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against S. mutans and C. albicans was determined for AgNPs and TYR combined and alone, and fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was calculated. Single biofilms of C. albicans and S. mutans were cultivated for 24 h and then treated with drugs alone or in combination for 24 h. RESULTS AgNPs and TYR were effective against C. albicans and S. mutans considering planktonic cells alone and combined. The MIC values obtained for C. albicans was 312.5 µg/mL (AgNPs) and 50 mM (TYR) and for S. mutans was 78.1 µg/mL (AgNPs) and 90 mM (TYR). The combination of these antimicrobial agents was also effective against both microorganisms: 2.44 µg/mL/0.08 mM (AgNPs/TYR) for C. albicans and 39.05 µg/mL /1.25 mM (AgNPs/TYR) for S. mutans. However, synergism was observed only for C. albicans (FICI 0.008). When biofilm was evaluated, a reduction of 4.62 log10 was observed for S. mutans biofilm cells treated with AgNPs (p < 0.05, Tukey test). However, the addition of TYR to AgNPs did not improve their action against biofilm cells (p > 0.05). AgNPs combined with TYR demonstrated a synergistic effect against C. albicans biofilms. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the potential use of AgNPs with or without TYR against C. albicans and S. mutans, important oral pathogens. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE AgNPs obtained by a 'green' route combined or not with TYR can be an alternative to develop several types of oral antimicrobial therapies and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Santos Souza
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
| | - Jackeline Gallo do Amaral
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
| | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
| | - Renan Aparecido Fernandes
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Lopes Fernandes
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Gorup
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Debora Barros Barbosa
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil.
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Jakab Á, Csillag K, Antal K, Boczonádi I, Kovács R, Pócsi I, Emri T. Total transcriptome response for tyrosol exposure in Aspergillus nidulans. Fungal Biol 2024; 128:1664-1674. [PMID: 38575239 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Although tyrosol is a quorum-sensing molecule of Candida species, it has antifungal activity at supraphysiological concentrations. Here, we studied the effect of tyrosol on the physiology and genome-wide transcription of Aspergillus nidulans to gain insight into the background of the antifungal activity of this compound. Tyrosol efficiently reduced germination of conidia and the growth on various carbon sources at a concentration of 35 mM. The growth inhibition was fungistatic rather than fungicide on glucose and was accompanied with downregulation of 2199 genes related to e.g. mitotic cell cycle, glycolysis, nitrate and sulphate assimilation, chitin biosynthesis, and upregulation of 2250 genes involved in e.g. lipid catabolism, amino acid degradation and lactose utilization. Tyrosol treatment also upregulated genes encoding glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), increased specific GST activities and the glutathione (GSH) content of the cells, suggesting that A. nidulans can detoxify tyrosol in a GSH-dependent manner even though this process was weak. Tyrosol did not induce oxidative stress in this species, but upregulated "response to nutrient levels", "regulation of nitrogen utilization", "carbon catabolite activation of transcription" and "autophagy" genes. Tyrosol may have disturbed the regulation and orchestration of cellular metabolism, leading to impaired use of nutrients, which resulted in growth reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Jakab
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Kinga Csillag
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Károly Antal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, 3300, Eger, Hungary
| | - Imre Boczonádi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Renátó Kovács
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary; HUN-REN-UD Fungal Stress Biology Research Group, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Emri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary; HUN-REN-UD Fungal Stress Biology Research Group, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Ranđelović M, Dimitrijević M, Otašević S, Stanojević L, Išljamović M, Ignjatović A, Arsić-Arsenijević V, Stojanović-Radić Z. Antifungal Activity and Type of Interaction of Melissa officinalis Essential Oil with Antimycotics against Biofilms of Multidrug-Resistant Candida Isolates from Vulvovaginal Mucosa. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1080. [PMID: 37998884 PMCID: PMC10672467 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC) is a major therapy issue due to its high resistance rate and virulence factors such as the ability to form biofilms. The possibility of combining commonly used antifungals with natural products might greatly improve therapeutic success. (2) Methods: A total of 49 vulvovaginal isolates, causative agents of recurrent VVC, were tested for their susceptibility to fluconazole, nystatin, and Melissa officinalis essential oil (MOEO). This examination included testing the antibiofilm potential of antifungals and MOEO and the determination of their types of interaction with mature biofilms. (3) Results: Antimicrobial testing showed that 94.4% of the Candida albicans isolates and all the Candida krusei isolates were resistant to fluconazole, while all strains showed resistance to nystatin. The same strains were susceptible to MOEO in 0.156-2.5 mg/mL concentrations. Additionally, the results revealed very limited action of fluconazole, while nystatin and MOEO reduced the amount of biofilm formed by as much as 17.7% and 4.6%, respectively. Testing of the combined effect showed strain-specific synergistic action. Furthermore, the lower concentrations exhibited antagonistic effects even in cases where synergism was detected. (4) Conclusions: This study showed that MOEO had a very good antibiofilm effect. However, combining MOEO with antimycotics demonstrated that the type of action depended on the choice of antifungal drugs as well as the applied concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ranđelović
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
- Centre of Microbiology, Public Health Institute Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Marina Dimitrijević
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (M.D.); (Z.S.-R.)
| | - Suzana Otašević
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
- Centre of Microbiology, Public Health Institute Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Stanojević
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
| | - Milica Išljamović
- Department of Dental Health Care, Health Center Niš, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandra Ignjatović
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
| | | | - Zorica Stojanović-Radić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (M.D.); (Z.S.-R.)
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Balla N, Jakab Á, Kovács F, Ragyák Á, Tóth Z, Balázsi D, Forgács L, Bozó A, Al Refai F, Borman AM, Majoros L, Kovács R. Total transcriptome analysis of Candida auris planktonic cells exposed to tyrosol. AMB Express 2023; 13:81. [PMID: 37532970 PMCID: PMC10397170 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01586-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosol, a secondary metabolite of Candida species, regulates fungal morphogenesis, and its application may represent a novel innovative therapy against emerging multi-resistant fungal superbug such as Candida auris. In the current study, the effects of tyrosol on growth, redox homeostasis, intracellular microelement contents and activities of virulence-related enzymes released by C. auris were examined. To gain further information about the effect of tyrosol exposure, we revealed gene transcriptional changes using total transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq). At a concentration of 15 mM, tyrosol significantly decrease the growth of fungal cells within 2 h of its addition (5.6 × 107±1.2 × 107 and 2.5 × 107±0.6 × 107 colony forming unit/mL for control and tyrosol-treated cells, respectively). Furthermore, it enhanced the release of reactive oxygen species as confirmed by a dichlorofluorescein (DCF) assay (7.3 ± 1.8 [nmol DCF (OD640)-1] versus 16.8 ± 3.9 [nmol DCF (OD640)-1]), which was coincided with elevated superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Tyrosol exerted in a 37%, 25%, 34% and 55% decrease in intracellular manganese, iron, zinc and copper contents, respectively, compared to control cells. The tyrosol treatment led to a 142 and 108 differentially transcripted genes with at least a 1.5-fold increase or decrease in transcription, respectively. Genes related to iron and fatty acid metabolism as well as nucleic acid synthesis were down-regulated, whereas those related to the antioxidative defence, adhesion and oxoacid metabolic processes were up-regulated. This study shows that tyrosol significantly influences growth, intracellular physiological processes and gene transcription in C. auris, which could highly support the development of novel treatment approaches against this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Balla
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Jakab
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina Kovács
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Ágota Ragyák
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Agilent Atomic Spectroscopy Partner Laboratory, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Tóth
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Dávid Balázsi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Lajos Forgács
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Aliz Bozó
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Farah Al Refai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Andrew M Borman
- UK National Mycology Reference Laboratory, Public Health England, Science Quarter, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology (MRCCMM), University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - László Majoros
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Renátó Kovács
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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Similarities and Differences among Species Closely Related to Candida albicans: C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis, and C. auris. Cell Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2599136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although Candida species are widespread commensals of the microflora of healthy individuals, they are also among the most important human fungal pathogens that under certain conditions can cause diseases (candidiases) of varying severity ranging from mild superficial infections of the mucous membranes to life-threatening systemic infections. So far, the vast majority of research aimed at understanding the molecular basis of pathogenesis has been focused on the most common species—Candida albicans. Meanwhile, other closely related species belonging to the CTG clade, namely, Candida tropicalis and Candida dubliniensis, are becoming more important in clinical practice, as well as a relatively newly identified species, Candida auris. Despite the close relationship of these microorganisms, it seems that in the course of evolution, they have developed distinct biochemical, metabolic, and physiological adaptations, which they use to fit to commensal niches and achieve full virulence. Therefore, in this review, we describe the current knowledge on C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis, and C. auris virulence factors, the formation of a mixed species biofilm and mutual communication, the environmental stress response and related changes in fungal cell metabolism, and the effect of pathogens on host defense response and susceptibility to antifungal agents used, highlighting differences with respect to C. albicans. Special attention is paid to common diagnostic problems resulting from similarities between these species and the emergence of drug resistance mechanisms. Understanding the different strategies to achieve virulence, used by important opportunistic pathogens of the genus Candida, is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment.
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Gómez-Casanova N, Torres-Cano A, Elias-Rodriguez AX, Lozano T, Ortega P, Gómez R, Pérez-Serrano J, Copa-Patiño JL, Heredero-Bermejo I. Inhibition of Candida glabrata Biofilm by Combined Effect of Dendritic Compounds and Amphotericin. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081604. [PMID: 36015230 PMCID: PMC9416558 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, Candida glabrata has become an important emerging opportunistic pathogen not only because of the increase in nosocomial infections frequency but also because of its ability to form biofilms and its innate resistance to commercial antifungals. These characteristics make this pathogen a major problem in hospital settings, including problems regarding equipment, and in immunosuppressed patients, who are at high risk for candidemia. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of and search for new antifungal drugs. In this study, the efficacy of two dendritic wedges with 4-phenyl butyric acid (PBA) at the focal point and cationic charges on the surface ArCO2G2(SNMe3I)4 (1) and ArCO2G3(SNMe3I)8 (2) was studied against C. glabrata strain to inhibit the formation of biofilms and eliminate established biofilm. For this, MBIC (minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration), MBDC (minimum biofilm damaging concentrations), as well as MFCB (minimum fungicidal concentration in biofilm) and MBEC (minimum biofilm eradicating concentration) were determined. In addition, different combinations of dendrons and amphotericin B were tested to study possible synergistic effects. On the other hand, cytotoxicity studies were performed. C. glabrata cells and biofilm structure were visualized by confocal microscopy. ArCO2G2(SNMe3I)4 (1) and ArCO2G3(SNMe3I)8 (2) dendrons showed both an MBIC of 8 mg/L and a MBDC of 32 mg/L and 64 mg/L, respectively. These dendrons managed to eradicate the entirety of an established biofilm. In combination with the antifungal amphotericin, it was possible to prevent the generation of biofilms and eradicate established biofilms at lower concentrations than those required individually for each compound at these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gómez-Casanova
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (A.T.-C.); (A.X.E.-R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.L.C.-P.)
| | - Alba Torres-Cano
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (A.T.-C.); (A.X.E.-R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.L.C.-P.)
| | - Alba Xiaohe Elias-Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (A.T.-C.); (A.X.E.-R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.L.C.-P.)
| | - Tania Lozano
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (T.L.); (P.O.); (R.G.)
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain and Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Ortega
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (T.L.); (P.O.); (R.G.)
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain and Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (T.L.); (P.O.); (R.G.)
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain and Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Serrano
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (A.T.-C.); (A.X.E.-R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.L.C.-P.)
| | - José Luis Copa-Patiño
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (A.T.-C.); (A.X.E.-R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.L.C.-P.)
| | - Irene Heredero-Bermejo
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (A.T.-C.); (A.X.E.-R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.L.C.-P.)
- Correspondence:
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Jamiu AT, Albertyn J, Sebolai OM, Pohl CH. Update on Candida krusei, a potential multidrug-resistant pathogen. Med Mycol 2021; 59:14-30. [PMID: 32400853 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Candida albicans remains the main cause of candidiasis, in recent years a significant number of infections has been attributed to non-albicans Candida (NAC) species, including Candida krusei. This epidemiological change can be partly explained by the increased resistance of NAC species to antifungal drugs. C. krusei is a diploid, dimorphic ascomycetous yeast that inhabits the mucosal membrane of healthy individuals. However, this yeast can cause life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients, with hematologic malignancy patients and those using prolonged azole prophylaxis being at higher risk. Fungal infections are usually treated with five major classes of antifungal agents which include azoles, echinocandins, polyenes, allylamines, and nucleoside analogues. Fluconazole, an azole, is the most commonly used antifungal drug due to its low host toxicity, high water solubility, and high bioavailability. However, C. krusei possesses intrinsic resistance to this drug while also rapidly developing acquired resistance to other antifungal drugs. The mechanisms of antifungal resistance of this yeast involve the alteration and overexpression of drug target, reduction in intracellular drug concentration and development of a bypass pathway. Antifungal resistance menace coupled with the paucity of the antifungal arsenal as well as challenges involved in antifungal drug development, partly due to the eukaryotic nature of both fungi and humans, have left researchers to exploit alternative therapies. Here we briefly review our current knowledge of the biology, pathophysiology and epidemiology of a potential multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen, C. krusei, while also discussing the mechanisms of drug resistance of Candida species and alternative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Jamiu
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa, 9301
| | - J Albertyn
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa, 9301
| | - O M Sebolai
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa, 9301
| | - C H Pohl
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa, 9301
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Kovács R, Majoros L. Fungal Quorum-Sensing Molecules: A Review of Their Antifungal Effect against Candida Biofilms. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6030099. [PMID: 32630687 PMCID: PMC7559060 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of effective therapeutic strategies against biofilms is limited; development of novel therapies is urgently needed to treat a variety of biofilm-associated infections. Quorum sensing is a special form of microbial cell-to-cell communication that is responsible for the release of numerous extracellular molecules, whose concentration is proportional with cell density. Candida-secreted quorum-sensing molecules (i.e., farnesol and tyrosol) have a pivotal role in morphogenesis, biofilm formation, and virulence. Farnesol can mediate the hyphae-to-yeast transition, while tyrosol has the opposite effect of inducing transition from the yeast to hyphal form. A number of questions regarding Candida quorum sensing remain to be addressed; nevertheless, the literature shows that farnesol and tyrosol possess remarkable antifungal and anti-biofilm effect at supraphysiological concentration. Furthermore, previous in vitro and in vivo data suggest that they may have a potent adjuvant effect in combination with certain traditional antifungal agents. This review discusses the most promising farnesol- and tyrosol-based in vitro and in vivo results, which may be a foundation for future development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat Candida biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renátó Kovács
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0036-52-255-425; Fax: +0036-52-255-424
| | - László Majoros
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
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Song S, Sun X, Meng L, Wu Q, Wang K, Deng Y. Antifungal activity of hypocrellin compounds and their synergistic effects with antimicrobial agents against Candida albicans. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 14:430-443. [PMID: 32510867 PMCID: PMC7936304 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a common human fungal pathogen. The previous study revealed that quinone compounds showed antimicrobial activity against C. albicans by inhibiting cell growth. However, it was unclear whether quinones have other antifungal effects against C. albicans in addition to fungicidal effects. In this study, we assessed the inhibitory activity of a total of 25 quinone compounds against C. albicans morphological transition, which is essential for the pathogenicity of C. albicans. Several quinones exhibited strong inhibition of mycelium formation by C. albicans SC5314. Three leading compounds, namely hypocrellins A, B and C, also exhibited marked attenuation of C. albicans SC5314 virulence in both human cell lines and mouse infection models. These three compounds significantly suppressed the proliferation of C. albicans SC5314 cells in a mouse mucosal infection model. Intriguingly, hypocrellins not only attenuated the cytotoxicity of a nystatin-resistant C. albicans strain but also showed excellent synergistic effects with antifungal agents against both wild-type C. albicans SC5314 and the drug-resistant mutant strains. In addition, hypocrellins A, B and C interfered with the biological functions and virulence of various clinical Candida species, suggesting the promising potential of these compounds for development as new therapeutic agents against infections caused by Candida pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiuyun Sun
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lili Meng
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qianhua Wu
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yinyue Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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11
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Farnesol and Tyrosol: Secondary Metabolites with a Crucial quorum-sensing Role in Candida Biofilm Development. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040444. [PMID: 32325685 PMCID: PMC7231263 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
When living in biological and interactive communities, microorganisms use quorum-sensing mechanisms for their communication. According to cell density, bacteria and fungi can produce signaling molecules (e.g., secondary metabolites), which participate, for example, in the regulation of gene expression and coordination of collective behavior in their natural niche. The existence of these secondary metabolites plays a main role in competence, colonization of host tissues and surfaces, morphogenesis, and biofilm development. Therefore, for the design of new antibacterials or antifungals and understanding on how these mechanisms occur, to inhibit the secretion of quorum-sensing (e.g., farnesol and tyrosol) molecules leading the progress of microbial infections seems to be an interesting option. In yeasts, farnesol has a main role in the morphological transition, inhibiting hyphae production in a concentration-dependent manner, while tyrosol has a contrary function, stimulating transition from spherical cells to germ tube form. It is beyond doubt that secretion of both molecules by fungi has not been fully described, but specific meaning for their existence has been found. This brief review summarizes the important function of these two compounds as signaling chemicals participating mainly in Candida morphogenesis and regulatory mechanisms.
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Touil HFZ, Boucherit K, Boucherit-Otmani Z, Kohder G, Madkour M, Soliman SSM. Optimum Inhibition of Amphotericin-B-Resistant Candida albicans Strain in Single- and Mixed-Species Biofilms by Candida and Non- Candida Terpenoids. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020342. [PMID: 32098224 PMCID: PMC7072433 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is one of the most common human fungal pathogens and represents the most important cause of opportunistic mycoses worldwide. Surgical devices including catheters are easily contaminated with C. albicans via its formation of drug-resistant biofilms. In this study, amphotericin-B-resistant C. albicans strains were isolated from surgical devices at an intensive care center. The objective of this study was to develop optimized effective inhibitory treatment of resistant C. albicans by terpenoids, known to be produced naturally as protective signals. Endogenously produced farnesol by C. albicans yeast and plant terpenoids, carvacrol, and cuminaldehyde were tested separately or in combination on amphotericin-B-resistant C. albicans in either single- or mixed-infections. The results showed that farnesol did not inhibit hyphae formation when associated with bacteria. Carvacrol and cuminaldehyde showed variable inhibitory effects on C. albicans yeast compared to hyphae formation. A combination of farnesol with carvacrol showed synergistic inhibitory activities not only on C. albicans yeast and hyphae, but also on biofilms formed from single- and mixed-species and at reduced doses. The combined terpenoids also showed biofilm-penetration capability. The aforementioned terpenoid combination will not only be useful in the treatment of different resistant Candida forms, but also in the safe prevention of biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidaya F. Z. Touil
- Laboratory Antibiotics Antifungals: Physico-Chemical, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Tlemcen University, Tlemcen B.P 119, Algeria; (H.F.Z.T.); (K.B.); (Z.B.-O.)
| | - Kebir Boucherit
- Laboratory Antibiotics Antifungals: Physico-Chemical, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Tlemcen University, Tlemcen B.P 119, Algeria; (H.F.Z.T.); (K.B.); (Z.B.-O.)
- University Center Belhadj Bouchaïb, Aïn Temouchent BP 284, Algeria
| | - Zahia Boucherit-Otmani
- Laboratory Antibiotics Antifungals: Physico-Chemical, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Tlemcen University, Tlemcen B.P 119, Algeria; (H.F.Z.T.); (K.B.); (Z.B.-O.)
| | - Ghalia Kohder
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah PO. Box 27272, UAE; (G.K.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah PO. Box 27272, UAE
| | - Mohamed Madkour
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah PO. Box 27272, UAE; (G.K.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Collage of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah PO. Box 27272, UAE
| | - Sameh S. M. Soliman
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah PO. Box 27272, UAE; (G.K.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah PO. Box 27272, UAE
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Zagazig, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-6505-7472
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Physiological and Transcriptional Responses of Candida parapsilosis to Exogenous Tyrosol. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01388-19. [PMID: 31399405 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01388-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosol plays a key role in fungal morphogenesis and biofilm development. Also, it has a remarkable antifungal effect at supraphysiological concentrations. However, the background of the antifungal effect remains unknown, especially in the case of non-albicans Candida species such as Candida parapsilosis We examined the effect of tyrosol on growth, adhesion, redox homeostasis, virulence, as well as fluconazole susceptibility. To gain further insights into the physiological consequences of tyrosol treatment, we also determined genome-wide gene expression changes using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq). A concentration of 15 mM tyrosol caused significant growth inhibition within 2 h of the addition of tyrosol, while the adhesion of yeast cells was not affected. Tyrosol increased the production of reactive oxygen species remarkably, as revealed by a dichlorofluorescein test, and it was associated with elevated superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities. The interaction between fluconazole and tyrosol was antagonistic. Tyrosol exposure resulted in 261 and 181 differentially expressed genes with at least a 1.5-fold increase or decrease in expression, respectively, which were selected for further study. Genes involved in ribosome biogenesis showed downregulation, while genes related to the oxidative stress response and ethanol fermentation were upregulated. In addition, tyrosol treatment upregulated the expression of efflux pump genes, including MDR1 and CDR1, and downregulated the expression of the FAD2 and FAD3 virulence genes involved in desaturated fatty acid formation. Our data demonstrate that exogenous tyrosol significantly affects the physiology and gene expression of C. parapsilosis, which could contribute to the development of treatments targeting quorum sensing in the future.IMPORTANCE Candida-secreted quorum-sensing molecules (i.e., farnesol and tyrosol) are key regulators in fungal physiology, which induce phenotypic adaptations, including morphological changes, altered biofilm formation, and synchronized expression of virulence factors. Moreover, they have a remarkable antifungal activity at supraphysiological concentrations. Limited data are available concerning the tyrosol-induced molecular and physiological effects on non-albicans Candida species such as C. parapsilosis In addition, the background of the previously observed antifungal effect caused by tyrosol remains unknown. This study reveals that tyrosol exposure enhanced the oxidative stress response and the expression of efflux pump genes, while it inhibited growth and ribosome biogenesis as well as several virulence-related genes. Metabolism was changed toward glycolysis and ethanol fermentation. Furthermore, the initial adherence was not influenced significantly in the presence of tyrosol. Our results provide several potential explanations for the previously observed antifungal effect.
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Antimicrobial Activity of Compounds Containing Silver Nanoparticles and Calcium Glycerophosphate in Combination with Tyrosol. Indian J Microbiol 2019; 59:147-153. [PMID: 31031428 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-019-00797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposites containing antimicrobial agents and calcium phosphates have been developed. Thus, this study assessed the effects of two compounds containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and β-calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP), associated or not with tyrosol (TYR), against planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. The nanocompounds were synthesized through chemical and 'green' processes and characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The minimum and fractional inhibitory concentrations of each compound were determined for planktonic cells. Next, 24-h single biofilms of C. albicans and S. mutans were treated for 24 h with the nanocompounds alone or in combination with TYR, and the antibiofilm effect was assessed through enumeration of colony forming units. Biofilm data were statistically examined using one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05). The chemically synthesized nanocompound in combination with TYR demonstrated a synergistic effect against planktonic cells of C. albicans and S. mutans. For the nanocompound obtained through the 'green' route associated with TYR, a synergistic effect was observed only against C. albicans. For biofilms, only the combination obtained through the 'green' route + TYR demonstrated a synergistic effect against C. albicans. Our results may contribute to the development of oral care products containing AgNPs-CaGP and TYR to combat oral infections.
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Agustín MDR, Viceconte FR, Vela Gurovic MS, Costantino A, Brugnoni LI. Effect of quorum sensing molecules and natamycin on biofilms of Candida tropicalis and other yeasts isolated from industrial juice filtration membranes. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1808-1820. [PMID: 30861242 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cells limit the cell number of dense biofilms by releasing self-inhibitory molecules. Here, we aim to assess the effectiveness of yeast quorum sensing (QS) molecules and the antifungal agent natamycin against yeast biofilms of strains commonly isolated from fruit juice ultrafiltration membranes. METHODS AND RESULTS Yeast QS molecules, such as tyrosol, 2-phenylethanol and farnesol, were detected by solvent extraction and HS-SPME GC-MS in Candida tropicalis cultures. The effect of QS molecules on mono- and multispecies biofilms formed by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, C. tropicalis, Candida krusei and Candida kefyr was evaluated by plate count and epifluorescence microscopy. Farnesol caused a decrease in cell number and disrupted mono- and multispecies yeast biofilms during adhesion (0·6 mmol l-1 ). 2-phenyl ethanol 1·2 mmol l-1 stimulated biofilm density and increased cell number in both mono- and multispecies biofilms, while tyrosol did not show effects when tested against C. tropicalis biofilms (0·05-1·2 mmol l-1 ). Natamycin caused a strong decrease in cell number and disruption of biofilm structure in C. tropicalis biofilms at high concentrations (0·3-1·2 mmol l-1 ). The combination of farnesol 0·6 mmol l-1 and natamycin at 0·01 mmol l-1 , the maximum concentration of natamycin accepted for direct addition into fruit juices, effectively reduced cell counts and disrupted the structure of C. tropicalis biofilms. CONCLUSION Farnesol 0·6 mmol l-1 significantly increased the inhibition exerted by natamycin 0·01 mmol l-1 (~5 ppm) reducing biofilm development from juice on stainless steel surfaces. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These results support the use of QS molecules as biofilm inhibitors in beverages and would certainly inspire the design of novel preservative and cleaning products for the food industry based on combinatory approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D R Agustín
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | | | - M S Vela Gurovic
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,CERZOS UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - A Costantino
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - L I Brugnoni
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences of the South (INBIOSUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Liposomal and Deoxycholate Amphotericin B Formulations: Effectiveness against Biofilm Infections of Candida spp. Pathogens 2017; 6:pathogens6040062. [PMID: 29194382 PMCID: PMC5750586 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens6040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: candidiasis is the primary fungal infection encountered in patients undergoing prolonged hospitalization, and the fourth leading cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections. One of the most important Candida spp. virulence factors is the ability to form biofilms, which are extremely refractory to antimicrobial therapy and very difficult to treat with the traditional antifungal therapies. It is known that the prophylaxis or treatment of a systemic candidiasis are recurrently taken without considering the possibility of a Candida spp. biofilm-related infections. Therefore, it is important to assess the effectiveness of the available drugs and which formulations have the best performance in these specific infections. Methods: 24-h-biofilms of four Candida spp. and their response to two amphotericin B (AmB) pharmaceutical formulations (liposomal and deoxycholate) were evaluated. Results: generally, Candida glabrata was the less susceptible yeast species to both AmBs. MBECs revealed that it is therapeutically more appealing to use AmB-L than AmB-Deox for all Candida spp. biofilms, since none of the determined concentrations of AmB-L reached 10% of the maximum daily dose, but both formulations showed a very good capacity in the biomass reduction. Conclusions: the liposomal formulation presents better performance in the eradication of the biofilm cells for all the species in comparison with the deoxycholate formulation.
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Monteiro D, Arias L, Fernandes R, Deszo da Silva L, de Castilho M, da Rosa T, Vieira A, Straioto F, Barbosa D, Delbem A. Antifungal activity of tyrosol and farnesol used in combination against Candida
species in the planktonic state or forming biofilms. J Appl Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D.R. Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD-Master's Degree); University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE); Presidente Prudente São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health; São Paulo State University (Unesp); School of Dentistry; Araçatuba São Paulo Brazil
| | - L.S. Arias
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health; São Paulo State University (Unesp); School of Dentistry; Araçatuba São Paulo Brazil
| | - R.A. Fernandes
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health; São Paulo State University (Unesp); School of Dentistry; Araçatuba São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; São Paulo State University (Unesp); School of Dentistry; Araçatuba São Paulo Brazil
| | - L.F. Deszo da Silva
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD-Master's Degree); University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE); Presidente Prudente São Paulo Brazil
| | - M.O.V.F. de Castilho
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD-Master's Degree); University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE); Presidente Prudente São Paulo Brazil
| | - T.O. da Rosa
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD-Master's Degree); University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE); Presidente Prudente São Paulo Brazil
| | - A.P.M. Vieira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health; São Paulo State University (Unesp); School of Dentistry; Araçatuba São Paulo Brazil
| | - F.G. Straioto
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD-Master's Degree); University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE); Presidente Prudente São Paulo Brazil
| | - D.B. Barbosa
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; São Paulo State University (Unesp); School of Dentistry; Araçatuba São Paulo Brazil
| | - A.C.B. Delbem
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health; São Paulo State University (Unesp); School of Dentistry; Araçatuba São Paulo Brazil
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Kovács R, Tóth Z, Nagy F, Daróczi L, Bozó A, Majoros L. Activity of exogenous tyrosol in combination with caspofungin and micafungin against Candida parapsilosis
sessile cells. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:1529-1536. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Kovács
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Z. Tóth
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - F. Nagy
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - L. Daróczi
- Department of Solid State Physics; Faculty of Science and Technology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - A. Bozó
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - L. Majoros
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
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Manoharan RK, Lee JH, Kim YG, Kim SI, Lee J. Inhibitory effects of the essential oils α-longipinene and linalool on biofilm formation and hyphal growth of Candida albicans. BIOFOULING 2017; 33:143-155. [PMID: 28155334 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1280731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is one of the most common fungal pathogens, and causes systemic and invasive infections in humans. C. albicans biofilms are composed of yeast and hyphal and pseudohyphal elements, and the transition of yeast to the hyphal stage could be a virulence factor. In this study, diverse essential oils were initially investigated for anti-biofilm activity against C. albicans strains, and cascarilla bark oil and helichrysum oil and their components α-longipinene (a major constituent of both) and linalool were found to markedly inhibit biofilm formation without affecting planktonic cell growth. Moreover, α-longipinene and linalool were found to synergistically reduce biofilm formation. Notably, treatments with cascarilla bark oil, helichrysum oil, α-longipinene, or linalool clearly inhibited hyphal formation, and this appeared to be largely responsible for their anti-biofilm effect. Furthermore, the two essential oils, α-longipinene and linalool, reduced C. albicans virulence in Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- a School of Chemical Engineering , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Guy Kim
- a School of Chemical Engineering , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Il Kim
- b Nareso Research Center , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- a School of Chemical Engineering , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Republic of Korea
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Ortega-Peña S, Hidalgo-González C, Robson MC, Krötzsch E. In vitro microbicidal, anti-biofilm and cytotoxic effects of different commercial antiseptics. Int Wound J 2016; 14:470-479. [PMID: 27282307 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical antiseptics are widely used for wound treatment, with the goal of disrupting biofilm capacity. We analysed the effectiveness of a variety of antiseptics to inhibit various stages of biofilm formation and to remove biofilms in vitro as well as the agents' cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts. We found that the chlorine-releasing agents exhibited immediate anti-biofilm effects in the short term, with lesser cytotoxicity than agents prepared from more stable compounds, such as biguanide or modified diallyl disulfide-oxide, which, conversely, have better long-term effectiveness. Among the examined organisms, Gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans were the most sensitive to the antiseptics, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were relatively resistant to them. Formulations whose mechanisms of action involve the release of chemically active chlorine were more effective when administered in solution than the gel form, likely because of the stability of the active ingredients during or after preparation of the formula. Interestingly, hypochlorous acid and some superoxidation solutions were effective in preventing biofilm formation within a short time period and showed virtually no toxicity. Our study indicates that most antiseptics remain effective long enough to prevent biofilm formation; thus, even brief application of an antiseptic agent during initial wound treatment can lead to better wound management outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvestre Ortega-Peña
- Laboratory of Infectology, Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación 'Luís Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra', Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christian Hidalgo-González
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue, Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación 'Luís Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra', Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martin C Robson
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Edgar Krötzsch
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue, Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación 'Luís Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra', Mexico City, Mexico
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Arias LS, Delbem ACB, Fernandes RA, Barbosa DB, Monteiro DR. Activity of tyrosol against single and mixed-species oral biofilms. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1240-9. [PMID: 26801208 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tyrosol on the formation of single and mixed biofilms of Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 formed on acrylic resin (AR) and hydroxyapatite (HA) surfaces. METHODS AND RESULTS Single and mixed biofilms were formed on AR and HA in the presence of tyrosol at 50, 100 and 200 mmol l(-1), during 48 h. Next, antimicrobial activity was assessed through metabolic activity (XTT reduction assay) and the number of colony-forming units (CFUs). Scanning electron microscopy observations were performed in order to analyse biofilm structure. Tyrosol, mainly at 200 mmol l(-1), significantly decreased the metabolic activity and number of CFUs for all single and mixed-species biofilms formed on both surfaces. SEM images suggested cell damage caused by tyrosol. CONCLUSION Tyrosol showed inhibitory effects against biofilms formed by important oral pathogens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first study showing the antibiofilm effect of tyrosol on Candida species and Strep. mutans in single and mixed cultures. These results may be useful in the development of topical therapies focused on preventing biofilm-associated oral diseases, such as denture stomatitis and dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Arias
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - A C B Delbem
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - R A Fernandes
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - D B Barbosa
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - D R Monteiro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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22
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Wongsuk T, Pumeesat P, Luplertlop N. Fungal quorum sensing molecules: Role in fungal morphogenesis and pathogenicity. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 56:440-7. [PMID: 26972663 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
When microorganisms live together in high numbers, they need to communicate with each other. To achieve cell-cell communication, microorganisms secrete molecules called quorum-sensing molecules (QSMs) that control their biological activities and behaviors. Fungi secrete QSMs such as farnesol, tyrosol, phenylethanol, and tryptophol. The role of QSMs in fungi has been widely studied in both yeasts and filamentous fungi, for example in Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, Aspergillus niger, A. nidulans, and Fusarium graminearum. QSMs impact fungal morphogenesis (yeast-to-hypha formation) and also play a role in the germination of macroconidia. QSMs cause fungal cells to initiate programmed cell death, or apoptosis, and play a role in fungal pathogenicity. Several types of QSMs are produced during stages of biofilm development to control cell population or morphology in biofilm communities. This review article emphasizes the role of fungal QSMs, especially in fungal morphogenesis, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity. Information about QSMs may lead to improved measures for controlling fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanwa Wongsuk
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Potjaman Pumeesat
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natthanej Luplertlop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center for Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
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Monteiro DR, Feresin LP, Arias LS, Barão VAR, Barbosa DB, Delbem ACB. Effect of tyrosol on adhesion ofCandida albicansandCandida glabratato acrylic surfaces. Med Mycol 2015; 53:656-65. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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24
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Fernandes T, Silva S, Henriques M. Candida tropicalis biofilm's matrix--involvement on its resistance to amphotericin B. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 83:165-9. [PMID: 26189843 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Candida tropicalis has emerged as one of the most prevalent fungal pathogens, and its ability to form biofilms has been considered one of the most important virulence factors, since they represent high tolerance to antifungal agents. However, the mechanisms of biofilm resistance to antifungal agents remain poorly understood. Thus, the main goal of this study was to infer about the ability of amphotericin B (AMB) to control and combat C. tropicalis biofilms. Additionally, it was also intended to determine the influence of matrix components in biofilm resistance. AMB was unable to totally prevent biofilm formation and to eradicate C. tropicalis preformed biofilms. Moreover, AMB led to a significant increase of the biofilm production due to an augment of the total protein and carbohydrate contents of the matrix. The C. tropicalis biofilm matrix assumes an important role on its resistance to AMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Fernandes
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Laboratório de investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sónia Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Laboratório de investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Henriques
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Laboratório de investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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