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Qiang L, Deng X, Yang Y, Wang Z, Gai W. Disseminated Histoplasmosis Infection Diagnosed by Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing: A Case Report. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:865-873. [PMID: 38468846 PMCID: PMC10926916 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s451564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Histoplasmosis is an endemic disease caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. This systemic disease can affect various organs beyond the lungs, such as the liver, spleen, adrenal gland, and lymph nodes. The clinical symptoms can range from asymptomatic to severe, life-threatening conditions, depending on the state of the patient's immune system. This report describes a 40-year-old male who presented with reports of weight loss, low back pain, and progressively worsening movement disorder of the bilateral lower extremities for months. Computed tomography (CT) examination showed multiple lytic lesions of vertebral bodies, bilateral ribs, and pelvic bone, histopathological examination and tumor-related serum markers exclude tumors. mNGS was employed to identify H. capsulatum var. capsulatum as the etiological agent of the lesions in the bone biopsy. Through phylogenetic tree analysis, Histoplasma capsulatum var. Capsulatum (Hcc) was the main responsible pathogen, rarely reported in bone lesions. The patient underwent spinal surgery and was successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B and itraconazole. Based on the diagnosis and treatment of this case, we discuss the epidemiologic status, clinical presentations, diagnostic criteria, and treatment guidelines of histoplasmosis to provide additional information about this disease. mNGS is utilized in this case, and it appears to be a reliable method for early and accurate diagnosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianghui Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Gai
- WillingMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Wilmes D, Hagen F, Verissimo C, Alanio A, Rickerts V, Buitrago MJ. A multicentre external quality assessment: A first step to standardise PCR protocols for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis. Mycoses 2023. [PMID: 37169736 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In-house real-time PCR (qPCR) is increasingly used to diagnose the so-called endemic mycoses as commercial assays are not widely available. OBJECTIVES To compare the performance of different molecular diagnostic assays for detecting Histoplasma capsulatum and Coccidioides spp. in five European reference laboratories. METHODS Two blinded external quality assessment (EQA) panels were sent to each laboratory that performed the analysis with their in-house assays. Both panels included a range of concentrations of H. capsulatum (n = 7) and Coccidioides spp. (n = 6), negative control and DNA from other fungi. Four laboratories used specific qPCRs, and one laboratory a broad-range fungal conventional PCR (cPCR) and a specific cPCR for H. capsulatum with subsequent sequencing. RESULTS qPCR assays were the most sensitive for the detection of H. capsulatum DNA. The lowest amount of H. capsulatum DNA detected was 1-4 fg, 0.1 pg and 10 pg for qPCRs, specific cPCR and broad-range cPCR, respectively. False positive results occurred with high concentrations of Blastomyces dermatitidis DNA in two laboratories and with Emergomyces spp. in one laboratory. For the Coccidioides panel, the lowest amount of DNA detected was 1-16 fg by qPCRs and 10 pg with the broad-range cPCR. One laboratory reported a false positive result by qPCR with high load of Uncinocarpus DNA. CONCLUSION All five laboratories were able to correctly detect H. capsulatum and Coccidioides spp. DNA and qPCRs had a better performance than specific cPCR and broad-range cPCR. EQAs may help standardise in-house molecular tests for the so-called endemic mycoses improving patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Wilmes
- FG16, Unit for Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ferry Hagen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute (WI-KNAW), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Verissimo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Reference Laboratory for Parasites and Fungal infections, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Alanio
- Mycology Department, Translational Mycology Research Group, National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Volker Rickerts
- FG16, Unit for Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Konsiliarlabor für Kryptokokkose und Seltene Systemmykosen, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria José Buitrago
- Reference Mycology Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Identification of Pneumocystis jirovecii with Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization (FISH) in Patient Samples-A Proof-of-Principle. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 8:jof8010013. [PMID: 35049953 PMCID: PMC8778293 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In resource-limited settings, where pneumocystosis in immunocompromised patients is infrequently observed, cost-efficient, reliable, and sensitive approaches for the diagnostic identification of Pneumocystis jirovecii in human tissue samples are desirable. Here, an in-house fluorescence in situ hybridization assay was comparatively evaluated against Grocott’s staining as a reference standard with 30 paraffin-embedded tissue samples as well as against in-house real-time PCR with 30 respiratory secretions from immunocompromised patients with clinical suspicion of pneumocystosis. All pneumocystosis patients included in the study suffered from HIV/AIDS. Compared with Grocott’s staining as the reference standard, sensitivity of the FISH assay was 100% (13/13), specificity was 41% (7/17), and the overall concordance was 66.7% with tissue samples. With respiratory specimens, sensitivity was 83.3% (10/12), specificity was 100% (18/18), and the overall concordance was 93.3% as compared with real-time PCR. It remained unresolved to which proportions sensitivity limitations of Grocott’s staining or autofluorescence phenomena affecting the FISH assay accounted for the recorded reduced specificity with the tissue samples. The assessment confirmed Pneumocystis FISH in lung tissue as a highly sensitive screening approach; however, dissatisfying specificity in paraffin-embedded biopsies calls for confirmatory testing with other techniques in case of positive FISH screening results. In respiratory secretions, acceptable sensitivity and excellent specificity were demonstrated for the diagnostic application of the P. jirovecii-specific FISH assay.
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Rakislova N, Hurtado JC, Palhares AEM, Ferreira L, Freire M, Lacerda M, Monteiro W, Navarro M, Casas I, Teixeira MDM, Castillo P, Rodrigo-Calvo MT, Marimon L, Guerrero J, Varo R, Delgado V, Quintó L, Marco F, Letang E, Vila J, Bassat Q, Menéndez C, Ordi J, Martínez MJ. High prevalence and mortality due to Histoplasma capsulatum in the Brazilian Amazon: An autopsy study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009286. [PMID: 33819269 PMCID: PMC8049479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histoplasmosis is acquired by inhalation of spores of the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma spp. Although this pathogen is distributed worldwide, it is more prevalent in the Americas. However, the real burden of histoplasmosis remains undefined in many endemic regions. METHODOLOGY We conducted a series of 61 autopsies to individuals who died in a hospital in the Brazilian Amazon focused on infectious diseases. We performed a detailed histological and microbiological evaluation with genetic characterization of Histoplasma strains with the aim to evaluate the contribution of histoplasmosis to morbidity and mortality. Additionally, we assessed the clinicopathological correlation. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Evidence of Histoplasma infection was detected in 21 patients (34%). Eight cases were disseminated infections, all of them occurred in HIV-positive patients. Six cases were localized histoplasmosis, limited to the lungs. In seven patients Histoplasma DNA was detected by PCR in patients with no histological lesions. Histoplasma infection was detected in 38% of HIV-positive patients and was a major contributor to death in 22% of them. Lungs, liver and spleen were affected in all cases of disseminated histoplasmosis. Phylogenetic analysis of the strains suggested a high diversity of Histoplasma species circulating in the Brazilian Amazon. Histoplasmosis was clinically missed in 75% of the disseminated infections. CONCLUSIONS The high incidence of histoplasmosis, the low index of clinical suspicion, and the severity of the disseminated disease highlight the need of proactively implementing sensitive routine screening methods for this pathogen in endemic areas. Antifungal prophylaxis against Histoplasma should be encouraged in the severely immunocompromised HIV patients in these areas. In conclusion, substantial mortality is associated with disseminated histoplasmosis among HIV-positive patients in the Brazilian Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rakislova
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Hurtado
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Luiz Ferreira
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Viera Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Monique Freire
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Viera Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Fundação Centro de Controle de Oncologia do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marcus Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Viera Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Leônidas & Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Wuelton Monteiro
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Viera Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Mireia Navarro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Casas
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcus de Melo Teixeira
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Paola Castillo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lorena Marimon
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Guerrero
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosauro Varo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vima Delgado
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llorenç Quintó
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Marco
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Letang
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Vila
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Quique Bassat
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
- ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (University of Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Menéndez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaume Ordi
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel J. Martínez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Gremião IDF, Martins da Silva da Rocha E, Montenegro H, Carneiro AJB, Xavier MO, de Farias MR, Monti F, Mansho W, de Macedo Assunção Pereira RH, Pereira SA, Lopes-Bezerra LM. Guideline for the management of feline sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis and literature revision. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:107-124. [PMID: 32990922 PMCID: PMC7966609 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00365-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We herein present a Brazilian guideline for the management of feline sporotrichosis, a mycosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis. This guideline is an effort of a national technical group organized by the Working Group on Sporothrix and Sporotrichosis of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM). This publication intends to provide information on clinical-epidemiological aspects of this zoonosis, as well as a literature revision. Moreover, it gives some practical information on diagnosis and treatment of feline sporotrichosis. It also contains information that can be helpful for the prevention and control of S. brasiliensis transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremião
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro. Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Hildebrando Montenegro
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico de Zoonoses, Divisão de Vigilância de Zoonoses (COVISA/SMS/PMSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aroldo José Borges Carneiro
- Secretaria Municipal da Saúde de Salvador (SMS), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva (ISC), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Melissa Orzechowski Xavier
- Laboratório de Micologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Monti
- Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Wilson Mansho
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses (CCZ), Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sandro Antonio Pereira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro. Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Leila M Lopes-Bezerra
- BIDiagnostics, Centro de Inovação, Empreendedorismo e Tecnologia (CIETEC)/Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Toscanini MA, Nusblat AD, Cuestas ML. Diagnosis of histoplasmosis: current status and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1837-1859. [PMID: 33587157 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Histoplasmosis is a worldwide-distributed systemic mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Its clinical manifestations range from subclinical or mild respiratory illness to progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH), a life-threatening disease, whose accurate diagnosis is still challenging and limited in many countries, where this disease is highly endemic. In this regard, Histoplasma antigen testing is now included in the WHO Essential Diagnostics List. The final diagnosis of histoplasmosis is established by culture and/or visualization of the yeast cells by cytology or histopathology using specific stains. However, both procedures have limited sensitivity to detect the disease and cultures are time-consuming. Antibody detection assays are effective for the subacute and chronic clinical forms of histoplasmosis. However, their sensitivity is low in the immunocompromised host. Several molecular "in-house" tests were also developed and showed promising results, but none of these tests are commercially available and their standardization and validation are still pending. Antigen detection assays have high sensitivity in PDH cases and are of great value for the follow-up of patients with histoplasmosis; however, cross-reactivity with other related fungi are common. In addition, this assay is expensive and only performed in few laboratories. Novel protein antigen candidates have been recently identified and produced by DNA-recombinant techniques in order to obtain standardized and specific reagents for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis, as opposed to the unspecific antigens or crude extracts currently used. This review describes the currently available assays, highlighting their strengths and limitations and reports the latest approaches to achieve reliable and rapid diagnostic tests for histoplasmosis. KEY POINTS: • PDH causes thousands of deaths per year globally. • Rapid accurate diagnosis of PDH is unfeasible in many regions. • Fast, accurate, and low-cost diagnostic alternatives are currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Agustina Toscanini
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, CONICET, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro David Nusblat
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, CONICET, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Luján Cuestas
- CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Current and New Perspectives in the Diagnosis of Blastomycosis and Histoplasmosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 7:jof7010012. [PMID: 33383637 PMCID: PMC7823406 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of blastomycosis and histoplasmosis can be difficult for clinicians who rarely see infections caused by these environmentally restricted dimorphic fungi. Historically, the diagnosis of blastomycosis has been established by culture and sometimes by histopathologic identification. Currently, antigen detection in urine and serum has been shown to aid in the rapid diagnosis of blastomycosis, and newer antibody assays are likely to contribute to our diagnostic capability in the near future. The gold standard for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis has been culture of the organism from involved tissues, aided in some patients by histopathological verification of the typical yeast forms in tissues. Antigen detection has contributed greatly to the ability of clinicians to rapidly establish the diagnosis of histoplasmosis, especially in severely ill and immunocompromised patients, and antibody testing for Histoplasma capsulatum provides important adjunctive diagnostic capability for several forms of both acute and chronic histoplasmosis. For both of these endemic mycoses, novel molecular tests are under active investigation, but remain available in only a few reference laboratories. In this review, we provide a synopsis of diagnostic test options that aid in establishing whether a patient has blastomycosis or histoplasmosis.
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Innovative Approaches for Histoplasma Detection. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-020-00393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Palhares AEM, Ferreira L, Freire M, Castillo P, Martínez MJ, Hurtado JC, Rakislova N, Varo R, Navarro M, Casas I, Vila J, Monteiro WM, Sanz A, Quintó L, Fernandes F, Carrilho C, Menéndez C, Ordi J, Bassat Q, Lacerda M. Performance of the minimally invasive autopsy tool for cause of death determination in adult deaths from the Brazilian Amazon: an observational study. Virchows Arch 2019; 475:649-658. [PMID: 31201504 PMCID: PMC6861203 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The uncertainty about the real burden of causes of death (CoD) is increasingly recognized by the international health community as a critical limitation for prioritizing effective public health measures. The minimally invasive autopsy (MIA) has shown to be a satisfactory substitute of the complete diagnostic autopsy (CDA), the gold standard for CoD determination in low- and middle-income countries. However, more studies are needed to confirm its adequate performance in settings with different epidemiology. In this observational study, the CoD obtained with the MIA were compared with the clinical diagnosis and the results of the CDA in 61 deaths that occurred in an infectious diseases referral hospital in Manaus, Brazilian Amazon. Concordance between the categories of diseases obtained by the three methods was evaluated by the Kappa statistic. Additionally, we evaluated discrepancies between clinical and complete diagnostic autopsy diagnoses. The MIA showed a substantial concordance with the CDA (Kappa = 0.777, 95% CI 0.608-0.946), and a perfect or almost perfect coincidence in specific diagnosis (ICD-10 code) between MIA and CDA was observed in 85% of the cases. In contrast, the clinical diagnosis showed a fair concordance with the CDA (Kappa = 0.311, 95% CI 0.071-0.552). Major clinico-pathological discrepancies were identified in 49% of cases. In conclusion, the MIA showed a substantial performance for CoD identification. Clinico-pathological discrepancies remain high and justify the need for post-mortem studies, even in referral hospitals. The MIA is a robust substitute of the CDA for CoD surveillance and quality improvement of clinical practice in low- and middle-income settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Ferreira
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Viera Dourado, Manaus, 69040-000, Brazil
| | - Monique Freire
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Viera Dourado, Manaus, 69040-000, Brazil
| | - Paola Castillo
- ISGlobal-Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic - Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel J Martínez
- ISGlobal-Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clinic - Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Hurtado
- ISGlobal-Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clinic - Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rakislova
- ISGlobal-Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic - Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosauro Varo
- ISGlobal-Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Mireia Navarro
- ISGlobal-Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Casas
- ISGlobal-Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Vila
- ISGlobal-Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clinic - Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wuelton M Monteiro
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Viera Dourado, Manaus, 69040-000, Brazil
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brasilia, Brazil) fellow, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ariadna Sanz
- ISGlobal-Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llorenç Quintó
- ISGlobal-Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabiola Fernandes
- Department of Pathology, Maputo Central Hospital, 1653, Maputo, Mozambique
- Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, 1653, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Carla Carrilho
- Department of Pathology, Maputo Central Hospital, 1653, Maputo, Mozambique
- Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, 1653, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Clara Menéndez
- ISGlobal-Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Jaume Ordi
- ISGlobal-Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic - Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Quique Bassat
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
- ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig de Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Paediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu - Universitat de Barcelona, 8950, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcus Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Viera Dourado, Manaus, 69040-000, Brazil
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brasilia, Brazil) fellow, Brasília, Brazil
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de Souza EW, Borba CDM, Pereira SA, Gremião IDF, Langohr IM, Oliveira MME, de Oliveira RDVC, da Cunha CR, Zancopé-Oliveira RM, de Miranda LHM, Menezes RC. Clinical features, fungal load, coinfections, histological skin changes, and itraconazole treatment response of cats with sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9074. [PMID: 29899416 PMCID: PMC5998065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic sporotrichosis caused by the fungus Sporothrix brasiliensis is usually severe in cats. This study investigated the associations between clinical features, fungal load, coinfections, histological skin changes, and response to itraconazole in cats with sporotrichosis caused by S. brasiliensis. Fifty-two cats with skin lesions and a definitive diagnosis of sporotrichosis were treated with itraconazole for a maximum period of 36 weeks. The animals were submitted to clinical examination and two subsequent collections of samples from the same skin lesion for fungal diagnosis and histopathology, as well as serology for feline immunodeficiency (FIV) and leukaemia (FeLV) viruses. Thirty-seven (71%) cats were clinically cured. Nasal mucosa lesions and respiratory signs were associated with treatment failure. Cats coinfected with FIV/FeLV (n = 12) had a lower neutrophil count in the lesion. A high fungal load in skin lesions was linked to young age and treatment failure, as well as to a longer time of wound healing, poorly formed granulomas and fewer neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes in these lesions. These results indicate that itraconazole is effective, but nasal mucosal involvement, respiratory signs and high fungal loads in skin lesions are predictors of treatment failure that will assist in the development of better treatment protocols for cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Waite de Souza
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Sandro Antonio Pereira
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ingeborg Maria Langohr
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Camila Rocha da Cunha
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Caldas Menezes
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Abstract
With increasing numbers of travelers and immunocompromised patients, histoplasmosis, caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, has become a disease of national extent. The clinical spectrum of histoplasmosis is very wide, in terms of disease cadence, onset, distribution, and severity. A multipronged approach is recommended for diagnosis. Manifestations that are always treated include moderate to severe acute pulmonary histoplasmosis, disseminated disease, and histoplasmosis in immunocompromised individuals. Amphotericin B is the drug of choice for moderate to severe and disseminated presentations, whereas itraconazole is appropriate for mild disease and as step-down therapy.
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Abstract
The diagnosis of histoplasmosis is based on a multifaceted approach that includes clinical, radiographic, and laboratory evidence of disease. The gold standards for laboratory diagnosis include demonstration of yeast on pathological examination of tissue and isolation of the mold in the culture of clinical specimens; however, antigen detection has provided a rapid, noninvasive, and highly sensitive method for diagnosis and is a useful marker of treatment response. Molecular methods with improved sensitivity on clinical specimens are being developed but are not yet ready for widespread clinical use. This review synthesizes currently available laboratory diagnostics for histoplasmosis, with an emphasis on complexities of testing and performance in various clinical contexts.
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Frickmann H, Zautner AE, Moter A, Kikhney J, Hagen RM, Stender H, Poppert S. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the microbiological diagnostic routine laboratory: a review. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 43:263-293. [PMID: 28129707 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2016.1169990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Early identification of microbial pathogens is essential for rational and conservative antibiotic use especially in the case of known regional resistance patterns. Here, we describe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as one of the rapid methods for easy identification of microbial pathogens, and its advantages and disadvantages for the diagnosis of pathogens in human infections in the laboratory diagnostic routine. Binding of short fluorescence-labeled DNA or nucleic acid-mimicking PNA probes to ribosomes of infectious agents with consecutive analysis by fluorescence microscopy allows identification of bacterial and eukaryotic pathogens at genus or species level. FISH analysis leads to immediate differentiation of infectious agents without delay due to the need for microbial culture. As a microscopic technique, FISH has the unique potential to provide information about spatial resolution, morphology and identification of key pathogens in mixed species samples. On-going automation and commercialization of the FISH procedure has led to significant shortening of the time-to-result and increased test reliability. FISH is a useful tool for the rapid initial identification of microbial pathogens, even from primary materials. Among the rapidly developing alternative techniques, FISH serves as a bridging technology between microscopy, microbial culture, biochemical identification and molecular diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagen Frickmann
- a German Armed Forces Hospital of Hamburg, Department of Tropical Medicine at the Bernhard Nocht Institute , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Andreas Erich Zautner
- b Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Annette Moter
- c University Medical Center Berlin, Biofilmcenter at the German Heart Institute Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Judith Kikhney
- c University Medical Center Berlin, Biofilmcenter at the German Heart Institute Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Ralf Matthias Hagen
- a German Armed Forces Hospital of Hamburg, Department of Tropical Medicine at the Bernhard Nocht Institute , Hamburg , Germany
| | | | - Sven Poppert
- e Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Giessen , Germany
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Identification of Fungal Pathogens in Tissue Samples from Patients with Proven Invasive Infection by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization. Methods Mol Biol 2016. [PMID: 27837511 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6515-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Identification of fungal pathogens in clinical samples by hybridization with short oligonucleotide probes is increasingly used in the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections. Rapid and specific fungal identification has been documented in different diagnostic settings allowing for specific patient management. Identification of fungal pathogens in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples appears to be rewarding as these materials are stored in pathology archives offering an insight into the etiology of deep fungal infections that is often not achieved by non-molecular tests. In contrast to PCR based methods, amplification of target sequences is unnecessary limiting the potential for contamination and localization within infected tissue is possible helping to distinguish between colonization and infection.
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Kaewpoowat Q, Nachimuthu N, Ostrosky-Zeichner L. Fungal Diagnostics: A Practical Approach. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-016-0036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Rickerts V. Identification of fungal pathogens in Formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded tissue samples by molecular methods. Fungal Biol 2015; 120:279-87. [PMID: 26781382 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of invasive fungal infections (IFI) is incompletely understood due to diagnostic limitations including insensitivity of cultures and failure of histopathology to discriminate between different species. This diagnostic gap precludes the optimal use of antifungals, leading to adverse patient outcomes. The identification of fungal pathogens from Formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPE) blocks by molecular methods is emerging as an alternative approach to study the etiology of IFI. PCR assays, including species specific- and broadrange fungal tests are used with FFPE samples from patients with proven IFI. Fungal species identification is achieved in 15-90% of the samples. This heterogeneity may be explained by the samples studied. However, comparison of different studies is impaired, as controls ruling out false positive-, false negative test results or PCR inhibition are frequently not reported. Studies using in situ hybridization also vary in the clinical samples included and the targeted fungi. In addition, target sequences, the probe chemistry and the detection of hybridization signals also account for the differences in diagnostic sensitivity. Using both approaches in parallel yields additive insights, potentially leading to a superior identification of fungal etiology and awareness of the limitations of both molecular diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Rickerts
- Robert Koch Institut, FG 16, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Detection of tropical fungi in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue: still an indication for microscopy in times of sequence-based diagnosis? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:938721. [PMID: 25961048 PMCID: PMC4417575 DOI: 10.1155/2015/938721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was the evaluation of panfungal PCR protocols with subsequent sequence analysis for the diagnostic identification of invasive mycoses in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples with rare tropical mycoses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five different previously described panfungal PCR/sequencing protocols targeting 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA gene fragments as well as internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 fragments were evaluated with a collection of 17 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of patients with rare and/or tropical invasive mycoses, comprising chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, mucormycosis, mycetoma/maduromycosis, and rhinosporidiosis, in a proof-of-principle analysis. RESULTS The primers of the panfungal PCRs readily and predominantly reacted with contaminating environmental fungi that had deposited on the paraffin blocks. Altogether three sequence results of histoplasmosis and mycetoma samples that matched the histological assessment were associated with sample age <10 years and virtually without PCR inhibition. CONCLUSIONS The high risk of amplifying environmental contaminants severely reduces the usefulness of the assessed panfungal PCR/sequencing protocols for the identification of rare and/or tropical mycoses in stored formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Histological assessment remains valuable for such indications if cultural differentiation is impossible from inactivated sample material.
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Da Silva RM, Da Silva Neto JR, Santos CS, Frickmann H, Poppert S, Cruz KS, Koshikene D, De Souza JVB. Evaluation of fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) for the detection of fungi directly from blood cultures and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with suspected invasive mycoses. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2015; 14:6. [PMID: 25637361 PMCID: PMC4322816 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-015-0065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of in-house FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridisation) procedures for the direct identification of invasive fungal infections in blood cultures and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and to compare these FISH results with those obtained using traditional microbiological techniques and PCR targeting of the ITS1 region of the rRNA gene. In total, 112 CSF samples and 30 positive blood cultures were investigated by microscopic examination, culture, PCR-RFLP and FISH. The sensitivity of FISH for fungal infections in CSF proved to be slightly better than that of conventional microscopy (India ink) under the experimental conditions, detecting 48 (instead of 46) infections in 112 samples. The discriminatory powers of traditional microbiology, PCR-RFLP and FISH for fungal bloodstream infections were equivalent, with the detection of 14 fungal infections in 30 samples. However, the mean times to diagnosis after the detection of microbial growth by automated blood culture systems were 5 hours, 20 hours and 6 days for FISH, PCR-RFLP and traditional microbiology, respectively. The results demonstrate that FISH is a valuable tool for the identification of invasive mycoses that can be implemented in the diagnostic routine of hospital laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hagen Frickmann
- Department of Tropical Medicine at the Bernhard Nocht Institute, German Armed Forces Hospital of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sven Poppert
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Kátia Santana Cruz
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil.
| | | | - João Vicente Braga De Souza
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil. .,Biotecnólogo/Tecnologista Pleno III, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Sociedade, Ambiente e Saúde, Laboratório de Micologia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo, Manaus, AM, CEP 69060-001, Brazil.
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