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Nagashima T, Tsumoto S, Yazawa D, Omura M, Ochiai K, Yoshida K, Sugibayashi K, Machida Y, Suzuki R, Igarashi K, Makimura K, Hara Y, Michishita M. Disseminated granulomatous encephalitis caused by Schizophyllum commune in a dog with severe neurological signs. J Comp Pathol 2024; 213:73-77. [PMID: 39146622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
A 10-year-old spayed mixed breed dog presented with severe neurological signs. Computed tomography revealed a cranial mediastinal mass, osteolysis of the right second rib and second thoracic vertebra, tracheobronchial and mesenteric lymph node enlargement, pneumonia and pleural effusion. Magnetic resonance imaging detected lesions in the white matter of the right frontal lobe and left cerebral hemisphere with contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images showing demarcated enhancement. On cut section, the surface of the right cerebral frontal lobe and left cerebral hemisphere corticomedullary junctions were indistinct and the white matter was discoloured. Microscopically, multicentric granulomatous inflammation was seen in the brain, cranial mediastinal mass, masses on the right second rib, tracheobronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes, heart, kidneys, lungs and oesophagus. Necrosis and hyaline fungal structures were frequently observed in the centre of the granulomas. These fungi had septae, Y-shaped branching and were 2-3 μm in width. Sequence analysis of DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples identified the fungi as Schizophyllum commune. Based on these findings, this case was diagnosed as disseminated S. commune infection. This is the first report of granulomatous encephalitis caused by S. commune in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Nagashima
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Shohei Tsumoto
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yazawa
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Miki Omura
- MycoLabo, Flatsseran 101, 6-6-54 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-0013, Japan; Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Karin Yoshida
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Kayoko Sugibayashi
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yukino Machida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Suzuki
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan; Inokashira Street Animal Hospital, 1-38-5 Nishikubo, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-0013, Japan
| | - Koh Igarashi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Koichi Makimura
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hara
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Masaki Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.
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Fujii M, Ito S, Katsumata E, Chambers JK, Matsugo H, Takenaka-Uema A, Murakami S, Uchida K, Horimoto T. Japanese Encephalitis Virus and Schizophyllum commune Co-Infection in a Harbor Seal in Japan. Vet Sci 2024; 11:215. [PMID: 38787188 PMCID: PMC11125775 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, has a wide host range, extending from pigs and ardeid birds to opportunistic dead-end hosts, such as humans and horses. However, JEV encephalitis infections in aquatic mammals are rare, with only two cases in seals reported to date. Here, we report a lethal case of JEV and Schizophyllum commune co-infection in an aquarium-housed harbor seal in Japan. We isolated JEV from the brain of the dead seal and characterized its phylogeny and pathogenicity in mice. The virus isolate from the seal was classified as genotype GIb, which aligns with recent Japanese human and mosquito isolates as well as other seal viruses detected in China and Korea, and does not exhibit a unique sequence trait distinct from that of human and mosquito strains. We demonstrated that the seal isolate is pathogenic to mice and causes neuronal symptoms. These data suggest that seals should be considered a susceptible dead-end host for circulating JEV in natural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fujii
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.F.); (H.M.); (A.T.-U.); (S.M.)
| | - Soma Ito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (S.I.); (J.K.C.)
| | | | - James K. Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (S.I.); (J.K.C.)
| | - Hiromichi Matsugo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.F.); (H.M.); (A.T.-U.); (S.M.)
| | - Akiko Takenaka-Uema
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.F.); (H.M.); (A.T.-U.); (S.M.)
| | - Shin Murakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.F.); (H.M.); (A.T.-U.); (S.M.)
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (S.I.); (J.K.C.)
| | - Taisuke Horimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.F.); (H.M.); (A.T.-U.); (S.M.)
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NOGUCHI S, TOYOTA K, OZAKI M, WADA Y, TAKAMI Y, TANAKA M, KUWAMURA M, SHIMADA T. Successful management of nasopharyngitis caused by Schizophyllum commune in a captive cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1074-1076. [PMID: 37574282 PMCID: PMC10600532 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe the management of nasopharyngitis caused by Schizophyllum commune infection in a captive cheetah. Computed tomography revealed a nodule in the nasal cavity and pharynx, and an endoscopic biopsy was performed. As a result, the nodule was surgically resected because of a suspected carcinoma. However, the surgical specimen was histologically re-evaluated and a fungal granuloma was diagnosed. Sequence analysis of DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples revealed S. commune infection. The cheetah was administered fluconazole orally for 73 days. However, the drug was ineffective and itraconazole was administered for 14 days. Symptoms such as nasal discharge and sneezing have completely resolved for 4 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke NOGUCHI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Graduate School of
Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Yusuke WADA
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Life, Environment, and
Advanced Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki TAKAMI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of
Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miyuu TANAKA
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Life, Environment, and
Advanced Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of
Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru KUWAMURA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of
Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Terumasa SHIMADA
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Life, Environment, and
Advanced Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF NEUROLOGIC DISEASE IN STRANDED ATLANTIC HARBOR SEALS ( PHOCA VITULINA CONCOLOR) ALONG THE NEW ENGLAND COAST. J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 53:705-713. [PMID: 36640072 DOI: 10.1638/2021-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) are a common species admitted to marine mammal rehabilitation facilities. As important indicators of marine ecosystem health, monitoring trends of disease in harbor seal populations is critical. However, few studies have evaluated neurologic disease in this species. The general objective of this study was to retrospectively review and delineate neurologic disease in free-ranging Atlantic harbor seals (P. vitulina concolor) that stranded along the New England (United States) coast and entered a rehabilitation facility between 2006 and 2019. Any Atlantic harbor seal that stranded live along the New England coast during the study period and was diagnosed with neurologic disease on either antemortem or postmortem evaluation was included; medical records and pathologic reports were reviewed. From 211 records, 24 animals met the inclusion criteria. Prevalence of neurologic disease was 11% in the study population and six major categories of neurologic disease were identified including: inflammatory (54%), idiopathic (33%), trauma (4%), congenital (4%), and degenerative (4%). Of the seals diagnosed with neurologic disease, 13 (54%) seals died during rehabilitation, 10 (42%) seals were euthanized, and 1 (4%) seal survived to release. Unique cases seen included a seal with Dandy-Walker-like malformation and another seal with histopathologic findings compatible with neuroaxonal dystrophy, a degenerative process that has not been previously reported in marine mammals. This study contributes to the overall knowledge of the health of free-ranging Atlantic harbor seals and may aid clinicians in characterizing neurologic conditions that may be present in seals undergoing rehabilitation.
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Go H, Yeon KD, Lee JH, Ahn SY, Nam A. Disseminated fungal infection with Aspergillus versicolor and Schizophyllum commune in a dog. Med Mycol Case Rep 2022; 38:25-29. [PMID: 36245568 PMCID: PMC9561684 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A two-year-old neutered male Coton de Tulear presented with lethargy, anorexia, and tachypnea. Cystic masses noticed at the cranial mediastinal region were diagnosed as granuloma containing hyphae of Aspergillus versicolor. Despite antifungal treatment using itraconazole, fluconazole, and voriconazole, the lesions spread to the lung. After euthanasia, Schizophyllum commune was identified in the lung and splenic lymph node. This is the first case of fungal infection caused by A. versicolor and S. commune in a dog. Two-year-old neutered male dog presented with lethargy and anorexia. Disseminated fungal infection caused by Aspergillus versicolor and Schizophyllum commune. Eventually euthanized humanely due to the severity of the disseminated lesions. Disseminated aspergillosis has poor prognosis despite aggressive antifungal agents. Antifungal resistance of aspergillosis is a newly emerging challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanah Go
- VIP Animal Medical Center, Seoul, 02830, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Duk Yeon
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Jang Hwan Lee
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | | | - Aryung Nam
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul, 05029, South Korea,Corresponding author.
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SATO T, SEKIGUCHI M, MATSUMOTO A, SHIMADA K, IWANAGA M, IKEZAWA M, HANAFUSA Y, SHIBAHARA T. Bovine abortion and necrotic placentitis by Aspergillus terreus. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:342-345. [PMID: 35022361 PMCID: PMC8983276 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 31-month-old Japanese Black cow (Bos taurus) aborted at 5 months of gestation with no clinical symptoms. Histopathological examination of the placenta and fetus revealed severe necrotic placentitis associated with numerous irregular degenerative fungi and inflammatory cells. Regular filamentous fungi were also detected, without inflammatory response in the fetal digestive and respiratory organs. Both fungi had aleurioconidia and septa in the placenta and fetal organs and immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against Aspergillus spp. Aspergillus terreus was isolated from the fetal lung and abomasal contents as confirmed using mycological and molecular methods. This is the first immunohistochemical, morphological, and molecular identification of A. terreus in bovine placenta and aborted fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro SATO
- Chiba Prefectural Chuou Livestock Hygiene Service Office, Chiba, Japan
| | - Maki SEKIGUCHI
- Chiba Prefectural Chuou Livestock Hygiene Service Office, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsuko MATSUMOTO
- Chiba Prefectural Chuou Livestock Hygiene Service Office, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaho SHIMADA
- Chiba Prefectural Chuou Livestock Hygiene Service Office, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mikuya IWANAGA
- Fukushima Prefectural Chuou Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka IKEZAWA
- Division of Transboundary Animal Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuko HANAFUSA
- Division of Zoonosis Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki SHIBAHARA
- Division of Hygiene Management Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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Qian J, Xie J, Lakshmipriya T, Gopinath SCB, Xu H. Heart Infection Prognosis Analysis by Two-dimensional Spot Tracking Imaging. Curr Med Imaging 2020; 16:534-544. [PMID: 32484087 DOI: 10.2174/1573405615666190130164037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular death is one of the leading causes worldwide; an accurate identification followed by diagnosing the cardiovascular disease increases the chance of a better recovery. Among different demonstrated strategies, imaging on cardiac infections yields a visible result and highly reliable compared to other analytical methods. Two-dimensional spot tracking imaging is the emerging new technology that has been used to study the function and structure of the heart and test the deformation and movement of the myocardium. Particularly, it helps to capture the images of each segment in different directions of myocardial strain values, such as valves of radial strain, longitudinal strain, and circumferential strain. In this overview, we discussed the imaging of infections in the heart by using the two-dimensional spot tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qian
- Department of ICU, Shuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuyang, Suqian, Jiangsu 223600, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of ICU, Shuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuyang, Suqian, Jiangsu 223600, China
| | - Thangavel Lakshmipriya
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia.,School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Huaigang Xu
- Department of ICU, Shuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuyang, Suqian, Jiangsu 223600, China
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Viswanathan K, Kumaresan V, Sannasimuthu A, Paray BA, Al-Sadoon MK, Arockiaraj J. Resolving the pathogenicity factors of a novel opportunistic fungus Schizophyllum commune at molecular level. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3877-3886. [PMID: 31016617 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04830-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Schizophyllum commune is a well-known mushroom forming fungi which is an edible one due to its nutritive value. It exhibits a special wood degrading mechanism to grow in decay matters by releasing a series of enzymes. These enzymes might make them an opportunistic pathogen which has been reported to infect various animals and human beings too. Although these fungi were identified as human and animal pathogens, their mechanisms of pathogenesis and the key virulence factors involved in disease establishment are not known. In this study, we reported this fungal infection in freshwater fish for the first time and its morphological features. Further, we employed RNA-seq technique to identify the major virulence factors involved in the pathogenesis in fish and the network of interaction between the identified virulence factors were analysed. Also, we confirmed the virulence roles of this fungus during infection by qRT-PCR analysis. This study emphasizes the virulence nature of the common mushroom forming food fungus and the involvement of enzymes such as phosphoinositide phospholipase C, hexosaminidase and few toxins such as pesticidal and insecticidal crystal proteins which opened a new avenue in the virulence nature of edible mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasi Viswanathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Venkatesh Kumaresan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Anbazahan Sannasimuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad K Al-Sadoon
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
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Yoshizawa M, Kawarai S, Torii Y, Ota K, Tasaka K, Nishimura K, Fujii C, Kanemaki N. Eosinophilic plasmacytic conjunctivitis concurrent with gingival fistula caused by Schizophyllum commune in a captive cheetah ( Acinonyx jubatus). Med Mycol Case Rep 2017; 18:34-39. [PMID: 29034160 PMCID: PMC5633821 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe for the first time the diagnosis of Schizophyllum commune infection in a captive cheetah. Eosinophilic plasmacytic conjunctivitis was detected histopathologically in a biopsy specimen. Both a second surgical specimen and drainage fluid from a gingival mass and fistula contained fungal hyphae in giant cells with granulomatous inflammation. Allergic S. commune mycosis was suspected at this point. A monokaryotic isolate was characterized morphologically, and then identified genetically. Treatment with itraconazole and pimaricin was effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Yoshizawa
- Tama Zoological Park,7-1-1, Hodokubo, Hino-shi, Tokyo 191-0042, Japan
- Tokyo Sea Life Park, 6-2-3, Rinkaicho, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8587, Japan
| | - Shinpei Kawarai
- Laboratory of Small Animal Clinics, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Torii
- Tama Zoological Park,7-1-1, Hodokubo, Hino-shi, Tokyo 191-0042, Japan
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kaori Ota
- Tama Zoological Park,7-1-1, Hodokubo, Hino-shi, Tokyo 191-0042, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Tasaka
- Tama Zoological Park,7-1-1, Hodokubo, Hino-shi, Tokyo 191-0042, Japan
| | - Kazuko Nishimura
- Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Chieko Fujii
- Tama Zoological Park,7-1-1, Hodokubo, Hino-shi, Tokyo 191-0042, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kanemaki
- Laboratory of Small Animal Clinics, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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de Mattos-Shipley K, Ford K, Alberti F, Banks A, Bailey A, Foster G. The good, the bad and the tasty: The many roles of mushrooms. Stud Mycol 2016; 85:125-157. [PMID: 28082758 PMCID: PMC5220184 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are often inconspicuous in nature and this means it is all too easy to overlook their importance. Often referred to as the "Forgotten Kingdom", fungi are key components of life on this planet. The phylum Basidiomycota, considered to contain the most complex and evolutionarily advanced members of this Kingdom, includes some of the most iconic fungal species such as the gilled mushrooms, puffballs and bracket fungi. Basidiomycetes inhabit a wide range of ecological niches, carrying out vital ecosystem roles, particularly in carbon cycling and as symbiotic partners with a range of other organisms. Specifically in the context of human use, the basidiomycetes are a highly valuable food source and are increasingly medicinally important. In this review, seven main categories, or 'roles', for basidiomycetes have been suggested by the authors: as model species, edible species, toxic species, medicinal basidiomycetes, symbionts, decomposers and pathogens, and two species have been chosen as representatives of each category. Although this is in no way an exhaustive discussion of the importance of basidiomycetes, this review aims to give a broad overview of the importance of these organisms, exploring the various ways they can be exploited to the benefit of human society.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.M.J. de Mattos-Shipley
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - K.L. Ford
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - F. Alberti
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
- School of Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - A.M. Banks
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
- School of Biology, Devonshire Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - A.M. Bailey
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - G.D. Foster
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
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