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Adams JC. Thrombospondins: Conserved mediators and modulators of metazoan extracellular matrix. Int J Exp Pathol 2024. [PMID: 39267379 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides a personal overview of significant scientific developments in the thrombospondin field during the course of my career. Thrombospondins are multidomain, multimeric, calcium-binding extracellular glycoproteins with context-specific roles in tissue organisation. They act at cell surfaces and within ECM to regulate cell phenotype and signalling, differentiation and assembly of collagenous ECM, along with tissue-specific roles in cartilage, angiogenesis and synaptic function. More recently, intracellular, homeostatic roles have also been identified. Resolution of structures for the major domains of mammalian thrombospondins has facilitated major advances in understanding thrombospondin biology from molecule to tissue; for example, in illuminating molecular consequences of disease-causing coding mutations in human pseudoachrondroplasia. Although principally studied in vertebrates, thrombospondins are amongst the most ancient of animal ECM proteins, with many invertebrates encoding a single thrombospondin and the thrombospondin gene family of vertebrates originating through gene duplications. Moreover, thrombospondins form one branch of a thrombospondin superfamily that debuted at the origin of metazoans. The super-family includes additional sub-groups, present only in invertebrates, that differ in N-terminal domain organisation, share the distinctive TSP C-terminal region domain architecture and, to the limited extent studied to date, apparently contribute to tissue development and organisation. Finally, major lines of translational research are discussed, related to fibrosis; TSP1, TSP2 and inhibition of angiogenesis; and the alleviation of chronic cartilage tissue pathologies in pseudoachrondroplasia.
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Lee CH, Zaman S, Kundra V, Anvari B. Erythrocyte nano-ghosts with dual optical and magnetic resonance characteristics. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:085001. [PMID: 39165858 PMCID: PMC11333968 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.8.085001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Significance Fluorescent organic dyes provide imaging capabilities at cellular and sub-cellular levels. However, a common problem associated with some of the existing dyes such as the US FDA-approved indocyanine green (ICG) is their weak fluorescence emission. Alternative dyes with greater emission characteristics would be useful in various imaging applications. Complementing optical imaging, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging enables deep tissue imaging. Nano-sized delivery systems containing dyes with greater fluorescence emission as well as MR contrast agents present a promising dual-mode platform with high optical sensitivity and deep tissue imaging for image-guided surgical applications. Aim We have engineered a nano-sized platform, derived from erythrocyte ghosts (EGs), with dual near-infrared fluorescence and MR characteristics by co-encapsulation of a brominated carbocyanine dye and gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA). Approach We have investigated the use of three brominated carbocyanine dyes (referred to as BrCy106, BrCy111, and BrCy112) with various degrees of bromination, structural symmetry, and acidic modifications for encapsulation by nano-sized EGs (nEGs) and compared their resulting optical characteristics with nEGs containing ICG. Results We find that asymmetric dyes (BrCy106 and BrCy112) with one dibromobenzene ring offer greater fluorescence emission characteristics. For example, the relative fluorescence quantum yield ( ϕ ) for nEGs fabricated using 100 μ M of BrCy112 is ∼ 41 -fold higher than nEGs fabricated using the same concentrations of ICG. The dual-mode nEGs containing BrCy112 and Gd-BOPTA show a nearly twofold increase in their ϕ as compared with their single optical mode counterpart. Cytotoxicity is not observed upon incubation of SKOV3 cells with nEGs containing BrCy112. Conclusions Erythrocyte nano-ghosts with dual optical and MR characteristics may ultimately prove useful in various biomedical imaging applications such as image-guided tumor surgery where MR imaging can be used for tumor staging and mapping, and fluorescence imaging can help visualize small tumor nodules for resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hua Lee
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Biochemistry, Riverside, California, United States
| | - Shamima Zaman
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Bioengineering, Riverside, California, United States
| | - Vikas Kundra
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- University of Maryland, Stuart and Marlene Greenbaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Bahman Anvari
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Biochemistry, Riverside, California, United States
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Bioengineering, Riverside, California, United States
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Tucker RP, Adams JC. Molecular evolution of the Thrombospondin superfamily. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:12-21. [PMID: 37202276 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Thrombospondins (TSPs) are multidomain, calcium-binding glycoproteins that have wide-ranging roles in vertebrates in cell interactions, extracellular matrix (ECM) organisation, angiogenesis, tissue remodelling, synaptogenesis, and also in musculoskeletal and cardiovascular functions. Land animals encode five TSPs, which assembly co-translationally either as trimers (subgroup A) or pentamers (subgroup B). The vast majority of research has focused on this canonical TSP family, which evolved through the whole-genome duplications that took place early in the vertebrate lineage. With benefit of the growth in genome- and transcriptome-predicted proteomes of a much wider range of animal species, examination of TSPs throughout metazoan phyla has revealed extensive conservation of subgroup B-type TSPs in invertebrates. In addition, these searches established that canonical TSPs are, in fact, one branch within a TSP superfamily that includes other clades designated mega-TSPs, sushi-TSPs and poriferan-TSPs. Despite the apparent simplicity of poriferans and cnidarians as organisms, these phyla encode a greater diversity of TSP superfamily members than vertebrates. We discuss here the molecular characteristics of the TSP superfamily members, current knowledge of their expression profiles and functions in invertebrates, and models for the evolution of this complex ECM superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Tucker
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616 USA
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Brealey JC, Kodama M, Rasmussen JA, Hansen SB, Santos-Bay L, Lecaudey LA, Hansen M, Fjære E, Myrmel LS, Madsen L, Bernhard A, Sveier H, Kristiansen K, Gilbert MTP, Martin MD, Limborg MT. Host-gut microbiota interactions shape parasite infections in farmed Atlantic salmon. mSystems 2024; 9:e0104323. [PMID: 38294254 PMCID: PMC10886447 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01043-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Animals and their associated microbiota share long evolutionary histories. However, it is not always clear how host genotype and microbiota interact to affect phenotype. We applied a hologenomic approach to explore how host-microbiota interactions shape lifetime growth and parasite infection in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Multi-omics data sets were generated from the guts of 460 salmon, 82% of which were naturally infected with an intestinal cestode. A single Mycoplasma bacterial strain, MAG01, dominated the gut metagenome of large, non-parasitized fish, consistent with previous studies showing high levels of Mycoplasma in the gut microbiota of healthy salmon. While small and/or parasitized salmon also had high abundance of MAG01, we observed increased alpha diversity in these individuals, driven by increased frequency of low-abundance Vibrionaceae and other Mycoplasma species that carried known virulence genes. Colonization by one of these cestode-associated Mycoplasma strains was associated with host individual genomic variation in long non-coding RNAs. Integrating the multi-omic data sets revealed coordinated changes in the salmon gut mRNA transcriptome and metabolome that correlated with shifts in the microbiota of smaller, parasitized fish. Our results suggest that the gut microbiota of small and/or parasitized fish is in a state of dysbiosis that partly depends on the host genotype, highlighting the value of using a hologenomic approach to incorporate the microbiota into the study of host-parasite dynamics.IMPORTANCEStudying host-microbiota interactions through the perspective of the hologenome is gaining interest across all life sciences. Intestinal parasite infections are a huge burden on human and animal health; however, there are few studies investigating the role of the hologenome during parasite infections. We address this gap in the largest multi-omics fish microbiota study to date using natural cestode infection of farmed Atlantic salmon. We find a clear association between cestode infection, salmon lifetime growth, and perturbation of the salmon gut microbiota. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence that the genetic background of the host may partly determine how the gut microbiota changes during parasite-associated dysbiosis. Our study therefore highlights the value of a hologenomic approach for gaining a more in-depth understanding of parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaelle C Brealey
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Miyako Kodama
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob A Rasmussen
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren B Hansen
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luisa Santos-Bay
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laurène A Lecaudey
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Aquaculture Department, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Hansen
- Department of Environmental Science, Environmental Metabolomics Lab, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael D Martin
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Morten T Limborg
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Carminati L, Carlessi E, Longhi E, Taraboletti G. Controlled extracellular proteolysis of thrombospondins. Matrix Biol 2023; 119:82-100. [PMID: 37003348 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Limited proteolysis of thrombospondins is a powerful mechanism to ensure dynamic tuning of their activities in the extracellular space. Thrombospondins are multifunctional matricellular proteins composed of multiple domains, each with a specific pattern of interactions with cell receptors, matrix components and soluble factors (growth factors, cytokines and proteases), thus with different effects on cell behavior and responses to changes in the microenvironment. Therefore, the proteolytic degradation of thrombospondins has multiple functional consequences, reflecting the local release of active fragments and isolated domains, exposure or disruption of active sequences, altered protein location, and changes in the composition and function of TSP-based pericellular interaction networks. In this review current data from the literature and databases is employed to provide an overview of cleavage of mammalian thrombospondins by different proteases. The roles of the fragments generated in specific pathological settings, with particular focus on cancer and the tumor microenvironment, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carminati
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Elena Carlessi
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Elisa Longhi
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giulia Taraboletti
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
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Borges R, Pelosine AM, de Souza ACS, Machado J, Justo GZ, Gamarra LF, Marchi J. Bioactive Glasses as Carriers of Cancer-Targeted Drugs: Challenges and Opportunities in Bone Cancer Treatment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:9082. [PMID: 36556893 PMCID: PMC9781635 DOI: 10.3390/ma15249082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of bone cancer involves tumor resection followed by bone reconstruction of the defect caused by the tumor using biomaterials. Additionally, post-surgery protocols cover chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or drug administration, which are employed as adjuvant treatments to prevent tumor recurrence. In this work, we reviewed new strategies for bone cancer treatment based on bioactive glasses as carriers of cancer-targeted and other drugs that are intended for bone regeneration in conjunction with adjuvant treatments. Drugs used in combination with bioactive glasses can be classified into cancer-target, osteoclast-target, and new therapies (such as gene delivery and bioinorganic). Microparticulated, nanoparticulated, or mesoporous bioactive glasses have been used as drug-delivery systems. Additionally, surface modification through functionalization or the production of composites based on polymers and hydrogels has been employed to improve drug-release kinetics. Overall, although different drugs and drug delivery systems have been developed, there is still room for new studies involving kinase inhibitors or antibody-conjugated drugs, as these drugs have been poorly explored in combination with bioactive glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Borges
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Agatha Maria Pelosine
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
| | | | - Joel Machado
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 05508-070, Brazil
| | - Giselle Zenker Justo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Marchi
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
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Daugavet MA, Dobrynina MI, Shaposhnikova TG, Solovyeva AI, Mittenberg AG, Shabelnikov SV, Babkina IY, Grinchenko AV, Ilyaskina DV, Podgornaya OI. New putative phenol oxidase in ascidian blood cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14326. [PMID: 35995990 PMCID: PMC9395347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenol oxidase system is ancient and ubiquitously distributed in all living organisms. In various groups it serves for the biosynthesis of pigments and neurotransmitters (dopamine), defence reactions and tissue hardening. Ascidians belong to subphylum Tunicata, which is considered the closest living relative to Vertebrates. Two phenol oxidases previously described for ascidians are vertebrate-like and arthropod-like phenol oxidases. In our present study, we described a new ascidian protein, Tuphoxin, with putative phenol oxidase function, which bears no sequence similarity with two enzymes described previously. The closest related proteins to Tuphoxin are mollusc haemocyanins. Unlike haemocyanins, which are oxygen transporting plasma proteins, Tuphoxin is synthesised in ascidian blood cells and secreted in the extracellular matrix of the tunic—ascidian outer coverings. Single mature transcript coding for this phenol oxidase can give several protein products of different sizes. Thus limited proteolysis of the initial protein is suggested. A unique feature of Tuphoxins and their homologues among Tunicata is the presence of thrombospondin first type repeats (TSP1) domain in their sequence which is supposed to provide interaction with extracellular matrix. The finding of TSP1 in the structure of phenol oxidases is new and we consider this to be an innovation of Tunicata evolutionary lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Daugavet
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - M I Dobrynina
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - A I Solovyeva
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A G Mittenberg
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S V Shabelnikov
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I Yu Babkina
- Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Grinchenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - D V Ilyaskina
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, Russia.,Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O I Podgornaya
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Decreased Thrombospondin-1 and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 Serum Levels as Potential Indices of Advanced Stage Lung Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173859. [PMID: 34501309 PMCID: PMC8432247 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Lung cancer belongs to the most common carcinoma worldwide and is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) is extracellular signaling molecule involved in many important processes, including cell proliferation and mobility, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) belongs to the extracellular matrix proteins. It participates in the cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions and thus plays important role in tumor microenvironment for cancer development and metastasis formation. Aim: To investigate serum levels of TSP-1 and BMP-4 together with BMP-4 polymorphism in lung cancer patients. Material and Methods: A total of 111 patients (76 men) with newly diagnosed lung cancer, including 102 patients with non-small cell lung cancer and 9 patients with small-cell lung cancer. Advanced stage of lung cancer was diagnosed in 99 (89%) of patients: stage IV—in 48, stage IIIB—in 33, stage IIIA—in 18 patients; there were six patients with stage II and six patients with stage I. The control group consisted of 61 healthy persons. In all the subjects, serum levels of BMP-4 and TSP-1 were measured by ELISA. With a Real-Time PCR system genotyping of BMP-4 was performed. Results: BMP-4 and TSP-1 serum levels were significantly lower in the patients with lung cancer than in the controls (TSP-1:10,109.2 ± 9581 ng/mL vs. 11,415.09 ± 9781 ng/mL, p < 0.05; BMP-4: 138.35 ± 62.59 pg/mL vs. 226.68 ± 135.86 pg/mL p < 0.001). In lung cancer patients TSP-1 levels were lower in advanced stages (9282.07 ± 4900.78 ng/mL in the stages III-IV vs. 16,933.60 ± 6299.02 ng/mL in the stages I-II, p < 0.05) and in the patients with than without lymph nodes involvement (10,000.13 ± 9021.41 ng/mL vs. 18,497.75 ± 12,548.25 ng/mL, p = 0.01). There was no correlation between TSP-1 and BMP-4 serum levels. BMP-4 gene polymorphism did not influence the results of the study. Conclusion: Decreased levels of TSP-1 and BMP-4 may serve as potential indices of lung cancer, with additional importance of low TSP-1 level as a marker of advanced stage of the disease.
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Kim MS, Ha SE, Wu M, Zogg H, Ronkon CF, Lee MY, Ro S. Extracellular Matrix Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179185. [PMID: 34502094 PMCID: PMC8430714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular microenvironment composition and changes therein play an extremely important role in cancer development. Changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM), which constitutes a majority of the tumor stroma, significantly contribute to the development of the tumor microenvironment. These alterations within the ECM and formation of the tumor microenvironment ultimately lead to tumor development, invasion, and metastasis. The ECM is composed of various molecules such as collagen, elastin, laminin, fibronectin, and the MMPs that cleave these protein fibers and play a central role in tissue remodeling. When healthy cells undergo an insult like DNA damage and become cancerous, if the ECM does not support these neoplastic cells, further development, invasion, and metastasis fail to occur. Therefore, ECM-related cancer research is indispensable, and ECM components can be useful biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets. Colorectal cancer specifically, is also affected by the ECM and many studies have been conducted to unravel the complex association between the two. Here we summarize the importance of several ECM components in colorectal cancer as well as their potential roles as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seob Kim
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.-S.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Se-Eun Ha
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.-E.H.); (H.Z.); (C.F.R.)
| | - Moxin Wu
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.-S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Hannah Zogg
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.-E.H.); (H.Z.); (C.F.R.)
| | - Charles F. Ronkon
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.-E.H.); (H.Z.); (C.F.R.)
| | - Moon-Young Lee
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.-S.K.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Seungil Ro
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.-E.H.); (H.Z.); (C.F.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.L.); (S.R.)
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Muppala S, Rahman MT, Krukovets I, Verbovetskiy D, Pluskota E, Fleischman A, Vince DG, Plow EF, Stenina-Adognravi O. The P387 thrombospondin-4 variant promotes accumulation of macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. FASEB J 2020; 34:11529-11545. [PMID: 32686880 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901434rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Thrombospondin-4 (TSP4) is a pro-angiogenic protein that has been implicated in tissue remodeling and local vascular inflammation. TSP4 and, in particular, its SNP variant, P387 TSP4, have been associated with cardiovascular disease. Macrophages are central to initiation and resolution of inflammation and development of atherosclerotic lesions, but the effects of the P387 TSP4 on macrophages remain essentially unknown. We examined the effects of the P387 TSP4 variant on macrophages in cell culture and in vivo in a murine model of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the levels and distributions of the two TSP4 variants were assessed in human atherosclerotic arteries. In ApoE- /- /P387-TSP4 knock-in mice, lesions size measured by Oil Red O did not change, but the lesions accumulated more macrophages than lesions bearing A387 TSP4. The levels of inflammatory markers were increased in lesions of ApoE- / - /P387-TSP4 knock-in mice compared to ApoE- / - mice. Lesions in human arteries from individuals carrying the P387 variant had higher levels of TSP4 and higher macrophage accumulation. P387 TSP4 was more active in supporting adhesion of cultured human and mouse macrophages in experiments using recombinant TSP4 variants and in cells derived from P387-TSP4 knock-in mice. TSP4 supports the adhesion of macrophages and their accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions without changing the size of lesions. P387 TSP4 is more active in supporting these pro-inflammatory events in the vascular wall, which may contribute to the increased association of P387 TSP4 with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santoshi Muppala
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Irene Krukovets
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dmitriy Verbovetskiy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Elzbieta Pluskota
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aaron Fleischman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - D Geoffrey Vince
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Olga Stenina-Adognravi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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11
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Fibronectin and Its Role in Human Infective Diseases. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121516. [PMID: 31779172 PMCID: PMC6952806 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin is a multidomain glycoprotein ubiquitously detected in extracellular fluids and matrices of a variety of animal and human tissues where it functions as a key link between matrices and cells. Fibronectin has also emerged as the target for a large number of microorganisms, particularly bacteria. There are clear indications that the binding of microorganism’ receptors to fibronectin promotes attachment to and infection of host cells. Each bacterium may use different receptors which recognize specific fibronectin domains, mostly the N-terminal domain and the central cell-binding domain. In many cases, fibronectin receptors have actions over and above that of simple adhesion: In fact, adhesion is often the prerequisite for invasion and internalization of microorganisms in the cells of colonized tissues. This review updates the current understanding of fibronectin receptors of several microorganisms with emphasis on their biochemical and structural properties and the role they can play in the onset and progression of host infection diseases. Furthermore, we describe the antigenic profile and discuss the possibility of designing adhesion inhibitors based on the structure of the fibronectin-binding site in the receptor or the receptor-binding site in fibronectin.
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Hanley T, Yin R, Mac JT, Tan W, Anvari B. Functionalized erythrocyte-derived optical nanoparticles to target ephrin-B2 ligands. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-9. [PMID: 31429216 PMCID: PMC6983482 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.8.085002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over- or under-expression of erythropoietin-production human hepatocellular receptors (Eph) and their ligands are associated with various diseases. Therefore, these molecular biomarkers can potentially be used as binding targets for the delivery of therapeutic and/or imaging agents to cells characterized by such irregular expressions. We have engineered nanoparticles derived from erythrocytes and doped with the near-infrared (NIR) FDA-approved dye, indocyanine green. We refer to these nanoparticles as NIR erythrocyte-derived transducers (NETs). We functionalized the NETs with the ligand-binding domain of a particular Eph receptor, EphB1, to target the genetically modified human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (hDMVECs) with coexpression of EphB1 receptor and its ligand ephrin-B2. This cell model mimics the pathological phenotypes of lesional endothelial cells (ECs) in port wine stains (PWSs). Our quantitative fluorescence imaging results demonstrate that such functionalized NETs bind to the ephrin-B2 ligands on these hDMVECs in a dose-dependent manner that varies sigmoidally with the number density of the particles. These nanoparticles may potentially serve as agents to target PWS lesional ECs and other diseases characterized with over-expression of Eph receptors or their associated ligands to mediate phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Hanley
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Bioengineering, Riverside, California, United States
| | - Rong Yin
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Jenny T. Mac
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Biochemistry, Riverside, California, United States
| | - Wenbin Tan
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Bahman Anvari
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Bioengineering, Riverside, California, United States
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13
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Shoemark DK, Ziegler B, Watanabe H, Strompen J, Tucker RP, Özbek S, Adams JC. Emergence of a Thrombospondin Superfamily at the Origin of Metazoans. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 36:1220-1238. [PMID: 30863851 PMCID: PMC6526912 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is considered central to the evolution of metazoan multicellularity; however, the repertoire of ECM proteins in nonbilaterians remains unclear. Thrombospondins (TSPs) are known to be well conserved from cnidarians to vertebrates, yet to date have been considered a unique family, principally studied for matricellular functions in vertebrates. Through searches utilizing the highly conserved C-terminal region of TSPs, we identify undisclosed new families of TSP-related proteins in metazoans, designated mega-TSP, sushi-TSP, and poriferan-TSP, each with a distinctive phylogenetic distribution. These proteins share the TSP C-terminal region domain architecture, as determined by domain composition and analysis of molecular models against known structures. Mega-TSPs, the only form identified in ctenophores, are typically >2,700 aa and are also characterized by N-terminal leucine-rich repeats and central cadherin/immunoglobulin domains. In cnidarians, which have a well-defined ECM, Mega-TSP was expressed throughout embryogenesis in Nematostella vectensis, with dynamic endodermal expression in larvae and primary polyps and widespread ectodermal expression in adult Nematostella vectensis and Hydra magnipapillata polyps. Hydra Mega-TSP was also expressed during regeneration and siRNA-silencing of Mega-TSP in Hydra caused specific blockade of head regeneration. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the conserved TSP C-terminal region identified each of the TSP-related groups to form clades distinct from the canonical TSPs. We discuss models for the evolution of the newly defined TSP superfamily by gene duplications, radiation, and gene losses from a debut in the last metazoan common ancestor. Together, the data provide new insight into the evolution of ECM and tissue organization in metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Berenice Ziegler
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Department of Molecular Evolution and Genomics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Evolutionary Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Jennifer Strompen
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Department of Molecular Evolution and Genomics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard P Tucker
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Suat Özbek
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Department of Molecular Evolution and Genomics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Josephine C Adams
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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14
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Boison SA, Gjerde B, Hillestad B, Makvandi-Nejad S, Moghadam HK. Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Amoebic Gill Disease Resistance in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.). Front Genet 2019; 10:68. [PMID: 30873203 PMCID: PMC6400892 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amoebic gill disease (AGD) is one of the most important parasitic diseases of farmed Atlantic salmon. It is a source of major economic loss to the industry and poses significant threats to animal welfare. Previous studies have shown that resistance against this disease has a moderate, heritable genetic component, although the genes and the genetic pathways that contribute to this process have yet to be elucidated. In this study, to identify the genetic mechanisms of AGD resistance, we first investigated the molecular signatures of AGD infection in Atlantic salmon through a challenge model, where we compared the transcriptome profiles of the naïve and infected animals. We then conducted a genome-wide association analysis with 1,333 challenged tested fish to map the AGD resistance genomic regions, supported by the results from the transcriptomic data. Further, we investigated the potential of incorporating gene expression analysis results in genomic prediction to improve prediction accuracy. Our data suggest thousands of genes have modified their expression following infection, with a significant increase in the transcription of genes with functional properties in cell adhesion and a sharp decline in the abundance of various components of the immune system genes. From the genome-wide association analysis, QTL regions on chromosomes ssa04, ssa09, and ssa13 were detected to be linked with AGD resistance. In particular, we found that QTL region on ssa04 harbors members of the cadherin gene family. These genes play a critical role in target recognition and cell adhesion. The QTL region on ssa09 also is associated with another member of the cadherin gene family, protocadherin Fat 4. The associated genetic markers on ssa13 span a large genomic region that includes interleukin-18-binding protein, a gene with function essential in inhibiting the proinflammatory effect of cytokine IL18. Incorporating gene expression information through a weighted genomic relationship matrix approach decreased genomic prediction accuracy and increased bias of prediction. Together, these findings help to improve our breeding programs and animal welfare against AGD and advance our knowledge of the genetic basis of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bjarne Gjerde
- Department of Breeding and Genetics, Nofima, Ås, Norway
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15
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The in-silico characterization of the Caenorhabditis elegans matrisome and proposal of a novel collagen classification. Matrix Biol Plus 2019; 1:100001. [PMID: 33543001 PMCID: PMC7852208 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins are the building blocks of life. While proteins and their localization within cells and sub-cellular compartments are well defined, the proteins predicted to be secreted to form the extracellular matrix - or matrisome - remain elusive in the model organism C. elegans. Here, we used a bioinformatic approach combining gene orthology and protein structure analysis and an extensive curation of the literature to define the C. elegans matrisome. Similar to the human genome, we found that 719 out of ~20,000 genes (~4%) of the C. elegans genome encodes matrisome proteins, including 181 collagens, 35 glycoproteins, 10 proteoglycans, and 493 matrisome-associated proteins. We report that 173 out of the 181 collagen genes are unique to nematodes and are predicted to encode cuticular collagens, which we are proposing to group into five clusters. To facilitate the use of our lists and classification by the scientific community, we developed an automated annotation tool to identify ECM components in large datasets. We also established a novel database of all C. elegans collagens (CeColDB). Last, we provide examples of how the newly defined C. elegans matrisome can be used for annotations and gene ontology analyses of transcriptomic, proteomic, and RNAi screening data. Because C. elegans is a widely used model organism for high throughput genetic and drug screens, and to study biological and pathological processes, the conserved matrisome genes may aid in identifying potential drug targets. In addition, the nematode-specific matrisome may be exploited for targeting parasitic infection of man and crops. Pipeline combining gene- and protein-sequence analysis to predict the C. elegans matrisome The in-silicoC. elegans matrisome comprises 719 genes. The 185 C. elegans collagen-domain-containing proteins are classified into 4 groups. The 173 cuticular collagens are further classified into 5 clusters based on their domain organization. The C. elegans Matrisome Annotator is an online tool to identify matrisome genes and proteins in large datasets.
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16
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Schips TG, Vanhoutte D, Vo A, Correll RN, Brody MJ, Khalil H, Karch J, Tjondrokoesoemo A, Sargent MA, Maillet M, Ross RS, Molkentin JD. Thrombospondin-3 augments injury-induced cardiomyopathy by intracellular integrin inhibition and sarcolemmal instability. Nat Commun 2019; 10:76. [PMID: 30622267 PMCID: PMC6325143 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondins (Thbs) are a family of five secreted matricellular glycoproteins in vertebrates that broadly affect cell-matrix interaction. While Thbs4 is known to protect striated muscle from disease by enhancing sarcolemmal stability through increased integrin and dystroglycan attachment complexes, here we show that Thbs3 antithetically promotes sarcolemmal destabilization by reducing integrin function, augmenting disease-induced decompensation. Deletion of Thbs3 in mice enhances integrin membrane expression and membrane stability, protecting the heart from disease stimuli. Transgene-mediated overexpression of α7β1D integrin in the heart ameliorates the disease predisposing effects of Thbs3 by augmenting sarcolemmal stability. Mechanistically, we show that mutating Thbs3 to contain the conserved RGD integrin binding domain normally found in Thbs4 and Thbs5 now rescues the defective expression of integrins on the sarcolemma. Thus, Thbs proteins mediate the intracellular processing of integrin plasma membrane attachment complexes to regulate the dynamics of cellular remodeling and membrane stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias G Schips
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Davy Vanhoutte
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Alexander Vo
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Robert N Correll
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Matthew J Brody
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Hadi Khalil
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jason Karch
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Andoria Tjondrokoesoemo
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Michelle A Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Marjorie Maillet
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Robert S Ross
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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17
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Bender HR, Campbell GE, Aytoda P, Mathiesen AH, Duffy DM. Thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) Promotes Follicular Angiogenesis, Luteinization, and Ovulation in Primates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:727. [PMID: 31787928 PMCID: PMC6855263 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential to both ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum. The thrombospondin (THBS) family of glycoproteins plays diverse roles in regulation of angiogenesis, but the role of these vascular regulators in ovulation and luteinization remain to be elucidated. Using the cynomolgus macaque as a model for human ovulation, we demonstrated that levels of THBS1 mRNA and protein in preovulatory follicle granulosa cells increased after the ovulatory gonadotropin surge, with peak levels just before the expected time of ovulation. THBS1 treatment of monkey ovarian microvascular endothelial cells in vitro stimulated migration, proliferation, and capillary sprout formation, consistent with a pro-angiogenic action of THBS1. Injection of an anti-THBS1 antibody into monkey preovulatory follicles reduced rates of follicle rupture and oocyte release in response to an ovulatory gonadotropin stimulus when compared with control IgG-injected follicles. Interestingly, two of three oocytes from anti-THBS1 antibody injected follicles were germinal vesicle intact, indicating that meiosis failed to resume as anticipated. Follicles injected with anti-THBS1 antibody also showed reduced granulosa cell layer expansion, endothelial cell invasion, and capillary formation when compared to control IgG-injected follicles. Overall, these findings support a critical role for THBS1 in follicular angiogenesis, with implications for both successful ovulation and corpus luteum formation.
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18
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Abstract
Vascular remodeling defines cancer growth and aggressiveness. Although cancer cells produce pro-angiogenic signals, the fate of angiogenesis critically depends on the cancer microenvironment. Composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and tumor inflammation determine whether a cancer will remain dormant, will be recognized by the immune system and eliminated, or whether the tumor will develop and lead to the spread and metastasis of cancer cells. Thrombospondins (TSPs), a family of ECM proteins that has long been associated with the regulation of angiogenesis and cancer, regulate multiple physiological processes that determine cancer growth and spreading, from angiogenesis to inflammation, metabolic changes, and properties of ECM. Here, we sought to review publications that describe various functions of TSPs that link these proteins to regulation of cancer growth by modulating multiple physiological and pathological events that prevent or support tumor development. In addition to its direct effects on angiogenesis, TSPs have important roles in regulation of inflammation, immunity, ECM properties and composition, and glucose and insulin metabolism. Furthermore, TSPs have distinct roles as regulators of remodeling in tissues and tumors, such that the pathways activated by a single TSP can interact and influence each other. The complex nature of TSP interactions and functions, including their different cell- and tissue-specific effects, may lead to confusing results and controversial conclusions when taken out of the context of interdisciplinary and holistic approaches. However, studies of TSP functions and roles in different systems of the organism offer an integrative view of tumor remodeling and a potential for finding therapeutic targets that would modulate multiple complementary processes associated with cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santoshi Muppala
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, 44195, USA
| | - Jasmine Gajeton
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, 44195, USA
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19
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Ramirez MU, Stirling ER, Emenaker NJ, Roberts DD, Soto-Pantoja DR. Thrombospondin-1 interactions regulate eicosanoid metabolism and signaling in cancer-related inflammation. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 37:469-476. [PMID: 29909440 PMCID: PMC6295347 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism of arachidonic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids produces eicosanoids, a family of biologically active lipids that are implicated in homeostasis and in several pathologies that involve inflammation. Inflammatory processes mediated by eicosanoids promote carcinogenesis by exerting direct effects on cancer cells and by affecting the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, understanding how eicosanoids mediate cancer progression may lead to better approaches and chemopreventive strategies for the treatment of cancer. The matricellular protein thrombospondin-1 is involved in processes that profoundly regulate inflammatory pathways that contribute to carcinogenesis and metastatic spread. This review focuses on interactions of thrombospondin-1 and eicosanoids in the microenvironment that promote carcinogenesis and how the microenvironment can be targeted for cancer prevention to increase curative responses of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel U Ramirez
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Stirling
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nancy J Emenaker
- Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David D Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - David R Soto-Pantoja
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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20
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Thrombospondin-1 Production Regulates the Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion in THP-1 Cells Through NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2018. [PMID: 28634844 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0601-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is upregulated in several inflammatory diseases. Recent data have shown that macrophages from TSP-1-deficient mice have a reduced inflammatory phenotype, suggesting that TSP-1 plays a part in macrophage activation. DNA microarray approach revealed that Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis LPS) may induce the enhanced TSP-1 expression in human monocytes, suggesting a role of TSP-1-mediated pathogenesis in periodontitis. Until recently, the function of TSP-1 has been a matter of debate. In this study, we explored the role of TSP-1 in inflammatory cytokine secretions and its putative mechanism in pathogenesis of periodontitis. We demonstrated that TSP-1 expression was significantly upregulated in gingival tissues with periodontitis and in P. gingivalis LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. Deficiency of TSP-1 by transfecting siRNAs decreased IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α secretions in THP-1 cells, whereas overexpression of TSP-1 resulted in an upregulation of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α productions. Additional experiments showed that Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) inhibited IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression induced by overexpression of TSP-1, accompanying with downregulation of phosphorylated p65 and IκBα protein levels in response to P. gingivalis LPS. These results indicated that TSP-1 played a significant role in P. gingivalis LPS-initiated inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) secretions of THP-1 cells, and the NF-κB signaling is involved in its induction of expression. Thus, TSP-1 effectively elevated P. gingivalis LPS-induced inflammation mediated by the NF-κB pathway and may be critical for pathology of periodontitis.
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21
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Lommel M, Strompen J, Hellewell AL, Balasubramanian GP, Christofidou ED, Thomson AR, Boyle AL, Woolfson DN, Puglisi K, Hartl M, Holstein TW, Adams JC, Özbek S. Hydra Mesoglea Proteome Identifies Thrombospondin as a Conserved Component Active in Head Organizer Restriction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11753. [PMID: 30082916 PMCID: PMC6079037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondins (TSPs) are multidomain glycoproteins with complex matricellular functions in tissue homeostasis and remodeling. We describe a novel role of TSP as a Wnt signaling target in the basal eumetazoan Hydra. Proteome analysis identified Hydra magnipapillata TSP (HmTSP) as a major component of the cnidarian mesoglea. In general, the domain organization of cnidarian TSPs is related to the pentameric TSPs of bilaterians, and in phylogenetic analyses cnidarian TSPs formed a separate clade of high sequence diversity. HmTSP expression in polyps was restricted to the hypostomal tip and tentacle bases that harbor Wnt-regulated organizer tissues. In the hypostome, HmTSP- and Wnt3-expressing cells were identical or in close vicinity to each other, and regions of ectopic tentacle formation induced by pharmacological β-Catenin activation (Alsterpaullone) corresponded to foci of HmTSP expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) confirmed binding of Hydra TCF to conserved elements in the HmTSP promotor region. Accordingly, β-Catenin knockdown by siRNAs reduced normal HmTSP expression at the head organizer. In contrast, knockdown of HmTSP expression led to increased numbers of ectopic organizers in Alsterpaullone-treated animals, indicating a negative regulatory function. Our data suggest an unexpected role for HmTSP as a feedback inhibitor of Wnt signaling during Hydra body axis patterning and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lommel
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Organismal Studies, Department of Molecular Evolution and Genomics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Strompen
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Organismal Studies, Department of Molecular Evolution and Genomics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew L Hellewell
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Gnana Prakash Balasubramanian
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Organismal Studies, Department of Molecular Evolution and Genomics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,G200 Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Institute (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena D Christofidou
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Andrew R Thomson
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland
| | - Aimee L Boyle
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.,School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.,Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, POB 9502, NL-2300, RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Derek N Woolfson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.,School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Kane Puglisi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Hartl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas W Holstein
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Organismal Studies, Department of Molecular Evolution and Genomics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Josephine C Adams
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Suat Özbek
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Organismal Studies, Department of Molecular Evolution and Genomics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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22
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Mac JT, Vankayala R, Patel DK, Wueste S, Anvari B. Erythrocyte-Derived Optical Nanoprobes Doped with Indocyanine Green-Bound Albumin: Material Characteristics and Evaluation for Cancer Cell Imaging. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3055-3062. [PMID: 33435025 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanosize structures activated by near-infrared (NIR) photoexcitation can provide an optical platform for the image-guided removal of small tumor nodules. We have engineered nanoparticles derived from erythrocytes that can be doped with NIR fluorophore indocyanine green (ICG). We refer to these constructs as NIR erythrocyte-derived transducers (NETs). The objective of this study was to determine if ICG-bound albumin (IbA), as the doping material, could enhance the fluorescence emission of NETs, and evaluate the capability of these nanoprobes in imaging cancer cells. Erythrocytes were isolated from bovine whole blood and depleted of hemoglobin to form erythrocyte ghosts (EGs). EGs were then extruded through nanosize porous membranes in the presence of 10-100 μm ICG or Iba (1:1 molar ratio) to form ICG- or IbA-doped NETs. The resulting nanosize constructs were characterized for their diameters, zeta-potentials, absorption, and fluorescence emission spectra. We used fluorescence microscopic imaging to evaluate the capability of the constructs in imaging SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. Based on dynamic light-scattering measurements, ICG- and IbA-doped NETs had similar diameter distributions (Z-average diameter of 236 and 238 nm, respectively) in phosphate-buffered saline supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, which remained nearly constant over the course of 2 h at 37 °C. Despite a much-lower loading efficiency of IbA (∼0.7-8%) as compared to ICG (10-45%), the integrated normalized fluorescence emission of IbA-NETs was 2- to 6-fold higher than ICG-doped NETs. IbA-NETs also demonstrated an enhanced capability in fluorescence imaging of SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells, and can serve as potentially effective nanoprobes for the fluorescence imaging of cancerous cells.
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23
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Rosini S, Pugh N, Bonna AM, Hulmes DJS, Farndale RW, Adams JC. Thrombospondin-1 promotes matrix homeostasis by interacting with collagen and lysyl oxidase precursors and collagen cross-linking sites. Sci Signal 2018; 11:eaar2566. [PMID: 29844053 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aar2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillar collagens of the extracellular matrix are critical for tissue structure and physiology; however, excessive or abnormal deposition of collagens is a defining feature of fibrosis. Regulatory mechanisms that act on collagen fibril assembly potentially offer new targets for antifibrotic treatments. Tissue weakening, altered collagen fibril morphologies, or both, are shared phenotypes of mice lacking matricellular thrombospondins. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) plays an indirect role in collagen homeostasis through interactions with matrix metalloproteinases and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). We found that TSP1 also affects collagen fibril formation directly. Compared to skin from wild-type mice, skin from Thbs1-/- mice had reduced collagen cross-linking and reduced prolysyl oxidase (proLOX) abundance with increased conversion to catalytically active LOX. In vitro, TSP1 bound to both the C-propeptide domain of collagen I and the highly conserved KGHR sequences of the collagen triple-helical domain that participate in cross-linking. TSP1 also bound to proLOX and inhibited proLOX processing by bone morphogenetic protein-1. In human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), TSP1 and collagen I colocalized in intracellular vesicles and on extracellular collagen fibrils, whereas TSP1 and proLOX colocalized only in intracellular vesicles. Inhibition of LOX-mediated collagen cross-linking did not prevent the extracellular association between collagen and TSP1; however, treatment of HDFs with KGHR-containing, TSP1-binding, triple-helical peptides disrupted the collagen-TSP1 association, perturbed the collagen extracellular matrix, and increased myofibroblastic differentiation in a manner that depended on TGF-β receptor 1. Thus, the extracellular KGHR-dependent interaction of TSP1 with fibrillar collagens contributes to fibroblast homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rosini
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Nicholas Pugh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Arkadiusz M Bonna
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - David J S Hulmes
- Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Unit (LBTI), UMR5305, CNRS/University of Lyon I, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Richard W Farndale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
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Celli R, Santolini I, Guiducci M, van Luijtelaar G, Parisi P, Striano P, Gradini R, Battaglia G, Ngomba RT, Nicoletti F. The α2δ Subunit and Absence Epilepsy: Beyond Calcium Channels? Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 15:918-925. [PMID: 28290248 PMCID: PMC5652034 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170309105451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Spike-wave discharges, underlying absence seizures, are generated within a cortico-thalamo-cortical network that involves the somatosensory cortex, the reticular thalamic nucleus, and the ventrobasal thalamic nuclei. Activation of T-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) contributes to the pathological oscillatory activity of this network, and some of the first-line drugs used in the treatment of absence epilepsy inhibit T-type calcium channels. The α2δ subunit is a component of high voltage-activated VSCCs (i.e., L-, N-, P/Q-, and R channels) and studies carried out in heterologous expression systems suggest that it may also associate with T channels. The α2δ subunit is also targeted by thrombospondins, which regulate synaptogenesis in the central nervous system. Objective: To discuss the potential role for the thrombospondin/α2δ axis in the pathophysiology of absence epilepsy. Methods: We searched PubMed articles for the terms “absence epilepsy”, “T-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels”, “α2δ subunit”, “ducky mice”, “pregabalin”, “gabapentin”, “thrombospondins”, and included papers focusing this Review's scope. Results: We moved from the evidence that mice lacking the α2δ-2 subunit show absence seizures and α2δ ligands (gabapentin and pregabalin) are detrimental in the treatment of absence epilepsy. This suggests that α2δ may be protective against absence epilepsy via a mechanism that does not involve T channels. We discuss the interaction between thrombospondins and α2δ and its potential relevance in the regulation of excitatory synaptic formation in the cortico-thalamo-cortical network. Conclusion: We speculate on the possibility that the thrombospondin/α2δ axis is critical for the correct functioning of the cortico-thalamo-cortical network, and that abnormalities in this axis may play a role in the pathophysiology of absence epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Celli
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Neuropharmacology Unit, Pozzilli, (IS), Italy
| | - Ines Santolini
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Neuropharmacology Unit, Pozzilli, (IS), Italy
| | - Michela Guiducci
- Departments of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Experimental Medicine, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Gilles van Luijtelaar
- Donders Centre for Cognition, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen. Netherlands
| | - Pasquale Parisi
- Departments of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Experimental Medicine, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Gradini
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Neuropharmacology Unit, Pozzilli, (IS), Italy
| | | | - Richard T Ngomba
- University of Lincoln, School of Pharmacy, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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25
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Lin CY, He JY, Zeng CW, Loo MR, Chang WY, Zhang PH, Tsai HJ. microRNA-206 modulates an Rtn4a/Cxcr4a/Thbs3a axis in newly forming somites to maintain and stabilize the somite boundary formation of zebrafish embryos. Open Biol 2018; 7:rsob.170009. [PMID: 28701377 PMCID: PMC5541343 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although microRNA-206 (miR-206) is known to regulate proliferation and differentiation of muscle fibroblasts, the role of miR-206 in early-stage somite development is still unknown. During somitogenesis of zebrafish embryos, reticulon4a (rtn4a) is specifically repressed by miR-206. The somite boundary was defective, and actin filaments were crossing over the boundary in either miR-206-knockdown or rtn4a-overexpressed embryos. In these treated embryos, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4a (cxcr4a) was reduced, while thrombospondin 3a (thbs3a) was increased. The defective boundary was phenocopied in either cxcr4a-knockdown or thbs3a-overexpressed embryos. Repression of thbs3a expression by cxcr4a reduced the occurrence of the boundary defect. We demonstrated that cxcr4a is an upstream regulator of thbs3a and that defective boundary cells could not process epithelialization in the absence of intracellular accumulation of the phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK) in boundary cells. Therefore, in the newly forming somites, miR-206-mediated downregulation of rtn4a increases cxcr4a. This activity largely decreases thbs3a expression in the epithelial cells of the somite boundary, which causes epithelialization of boundary cells through mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) and eventually leads to somite boundary formation. Collectively, we suggest that miR-206 mediates a novel pathway, the Rtn4a/Cxcr4a/Thbs3a axis, that allows boundary cells to undergo MET and form somite boundaries in the newly forming somites of zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yung Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, No. 46, Section 3 Zhongzhen Road, Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City 252, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jun-Yu He
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Wei Zeng
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Moo-Rumg Loo
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yen Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Po-Hsiang Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, No. 46, Section 3 Zhongzhen Road, Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City 252, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Huai-Jen Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, No. 46, Section 3 Zhongzhen Road, Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City 252, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) has central roles in tissue integrity and remodeling throughout the life span of animals. While collagens are the most abundant structural components of ECM in most tissues, tissue-specific molecular complexity is contributed by ECM glycoproteins. The matricellular glycoproteins are categorized primarily according to functional criteria and represented predominantly by the thrombospondin, tenascin, SPARC/osteonectin, and CCN families. These proteins do not self-assemble into ECM fibrils; nevertheless, they shape ECM properties through interactions with structural ECM proteins, growth factors, and cells. Matricellular proteins also promote cell migration or morphological changes through adhesion-modulating or counter-adhesive actions on cell-ECM adhesions, intracellular signaling, and the actin cytoskeleton. Typically, matricellular proteins are most highly expressed during embryonic development. In adult tissues, expression is more limited unless activated by cues for dynamic tissue remodeling and cell motility, such as occur during inflammatory response and wound repair. Many insights in the complex roles of matricellular proteins have been obtained from studies of gene knockout mice. However, with the exception of chordate-specific tenascins, these are highly conserved proteins that are encoded in many animal phyla. This review will consider the increasing body of research on matricellular proteins in nonmammalian animal models. These models provide better access to the very earliest stages of embryonic development and opportunities to study biological processes such as limb and organ regeneration. In aggregate, this research is expanding concepts of the functions and mechanisms of action of matricellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine C Adams
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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27
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Stenina-Adognravi O, Plow EF. Thrombospondin-4 in tissue remodeling. Matrix Biol 2017; 75-76:300-313. [PMID: 29138119 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Thrombospondin-4 (TSP-4) belongs to the thrombospondin protein family that consists of five highly homologous members. A number of novel functions have been recently assigned to TSP-4 in cardiovascular and nervous systems, inflammation, cancer, and the motor unit, which have attracted attention to this extracellular matrix (ECM) protein. These newly discovered functions set TSP-4 apart from other thrombospondins. For example, TSP-4 promotes angiogenesis while other TSPs either prevent it or have no effect on new blood vessel growth; TSP-4 reduces fibrosis and collagen production while TSP-1 and TSP-2 promote fibrosis in several organs; unlike other TSPs, TSP-4 appears to have some structural functions in ECM. The current information about TSP-4 functions in different organs and physiological systems suggests that this evolutionary conserved protein is a major regulator of the extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and production and tissue remodeling during the embryonic development and response to injury. In this review article, we summarize the properties and functions of TSP-4 and discuss its role in tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Stenina-Adognravi
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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28
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Thrombospondins: A Role in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071540. [PMID: 28714932 PMCID: PMC5536028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondins (TSPs) represent extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins belonging to the TSP family that comprises five members. All TSPs have a complex multidomain structure that permits the interaction with various partners including other ECM proteins, cytokines, receptors, growth factors, etc. Among TSPs, TSP1, TSP2, and TSP4 are the most studied and functionally tested. TSP1 possesses anti-angiogenic activity and is able to activate transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, a potent profibrotic and anti-inflammatory factor. Both TSP2 and TSP4 are implicated in the control of ECM composition in hypertrophic hearts. TSP1, TSP2, and TSP4 also influence cardiac remodeling by affecting collagen production, activity of matrix metalloproteinases and TGF-β signaling, myofibroblast differentiation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and stretch-mediated enhancement of myocardial contraction. The development and evaluation of TSP-deficient animal models provided an option to assess the contribution of TSPs to cardiovascular pathology such as (myocardial infarction) MI, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, atherosclerosis, and aortic valve stenosis. Targeting of TSPs has a significant therapeutic value for treatment of cardiovascular disease. The activation of cardiac TSP signaling in stress and pressure overload may be therefore beneficial.
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29
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Neubauer EF, Poole AZ, Neubauer P, Detournay O, Tan K, Davy SK, Weis VM. A diverse host thrombospondin-type-1 repeat protein repertoire promotes symbiont colonization during establishment of cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28481198 PMCID: PMC5446238 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutualistic endosymbiosis between cnidarians and dinoflagellates is mediated by complex inter-partner signaling events, where the host cnidarian innate immune system plays a crucial role in recognition and regulation of symbionts. To date, little is known about the diversity of thrombospondin-type-1 repeat (TSR) domain proteins in basal metazoans or their potential role in regulation of cnidarian-dinoflagellate mutualisms. We reveal a large and diverse repertoire of TSR proteins in seven anthozoan species, and show that in the model sea anemone Aiptasia pallida the TSR domain promotes colonization of the host by the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium minutum. Blocking TSR domains led to decreased colonization success, while adding exogenous TSRs resulted in a ‘super colonization’. Furthermore, gene expression of TSR proteins was highest at early time-points during symbiosis establishment. Our work characterizes the diversity of cnidarian TSR proteins and provides evidence that these proteins play an important role in the establishment of cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.24494.001 Cnidarians, such as corals and sea anemones, often form a close relationship with microscopic algae that live inside their cells – a partnership, on which the entire coral reef ecosystem depends. These microalgae produce sugars and other compounds that the cnidarians need to survive, while the cnidarians protect the microalgae from the environment and provide the raw materials they need to harness energy from sunlight. However, very little is known about how the two partners are able to communicate with each other to form this close relationship, which is referred to as a symbiosis. Symbiotic relationships between a host and a microbe require a number of adaptations on both sides, and involve numerous signalling molecules. A host species is under constant pressure to develop mechanisms to recognize and tolerate the beneficial microbes without leaving itself vulnerable to attack by microbes that might cause disease. Similarly, the beneficial microbes need to be able to invade and survive inside their host. Previous research has shown that TSR proteins in hosts play a role in recognizing and controlling disease-causing microbes. Until now, however, it was unknown whether TSR proteins are involved in establishing a symbiosis between cnidarians and their algal partners. Neubauer et al. analysed six species of symbiotic cnidarians and discovered a diverse repertoire of TSR proteins. These proteins were found in the host genomes, rather than in the symbiotic algae, strongly suggesting that they originated from the host. Neubauer et al. next incubated a sea anemone species in a solution of TSR proteins and saw that it became ‘super-colonized’ with algae, meaning that over time, millions of the microalgae entered and stayed in the anemone’s tentacles. In contrast, when the TSR proteins were blocked, colonization was almost entirely stopped. This suggests that host TSR proteins play an important role for the microalgae when they colonialize corals and other cnidarians. The signals that enable microalgae to successfully colonialize cnidarians are unquestionably complex and there is still much to learn. These findings add another piece to the puzzle of how symbiotic algae bypass the cnidarian’s immune system to persist and flourish in their host. An important next step will be to test how blocking the genes that encode the TSR proteins will affect the symbiotic relationship between these species. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.24494.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie-Fleur Neubauer
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Angela Z Poole
- Department of Biology, Western Oregon University, Monmouth, United States.,Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States
| | | | | | - Kenneth Tan
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States
| | - Simon K Davy
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Virginia M Weis
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States
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30
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Mononuclear phagocytes as a target, not a barrier, for drug delivery. J Control Release 2017; 259:53-61. [PMID: 28108325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes have been generally recognized as a barrier to drug delivery. Recently, a new understanding of mononuclear phagocytes (MPS) ontogeny has surfaced and their functions in disease have been unveiled, demonstrating the need for re-evaluation of perspectives on mononuclear phagocytes in drug delivery. In this review, we described mononuclear phagocyte biology and focus on their accumulation mechanisms in disease sites with explanations of monocyte heterogeneity. In the 'MPS as a barrier' section, we summarized recent studies on mechanisms to avoid phagocytosis based on two different biological principles: protein adsorption and self-recognition. In the 'MPS as a target' section, more detailed descriptions were given on mononuclear phagocyte-targeted drug delivery systems and their applications to various diseases. Collectively, we emphasize in this review that mononuclear phagocytes are potent targets for future drug delivery systems. Mononuclear phagocyte-targeted delivery systems should be created with an understanding of mononuclear phagocyte ontogeny and pathology. Each specific subset of phagocytes should be targeted differently by location and function for improved disease-drug delivery while avoiding RES clearance such as Kupffer cells and splenic macrophages.
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31
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Pérez-Moreno JJ, Espina-Zambrano AG, García-Calderón CB, Estrada B. Kon-tiki/Perdido enhances PS2 integrin adhesion and localizes its ligand, Thrombospondin, in the myotendinous junction. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:950-962. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.197459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-extracellular matrix adhesion is mediated by cell receptors, mainly integrins and transmembrane proteoglycans, which can functionally interact. How these receptors are regulated and coordinated is largely unknown and key to understand cell adhesion in development. We show that the conserved transmembrane proteoglycan Kon-tiki/Perdido (Kon) interacts with αPS2βPS integrin to mediate muscle-tendon adhesion. Double mutant embryos for kon and inflated show a synergistic increase in muscle detachment. Furthermore, Kon modulates αPS2βPS signaling at the muscle attachment, since P-Fak is reduced in kon mutants. This reduction in integrin signaling can be rescued by the expression of a truncated Kon protein containing the transmembrane and extracellular domains, suggesting that these domains are sufficient to mediate this signaling. We show that these domains are sufficient to properly localize the αPS2βPS ligand, Thrombospondin, to the muscle attachment, and to partially rescue Kon dependent muscle-tendon adhesion. We propose that Kon can engage in a protein complex with αPS2βPS and enhance integrin-mediated signaling and adhesion by recruiting its ligand, which would increase integrin-binding affinity to the extracellular matrix, resulting in the consolidation of the myotendinous junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Pérez-Moreno
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide/CSIC/JA, Seville, Spain
- Present address: Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A. G. Espina-Zambrano
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide/CSIC/JA, Seville, Spain
| | - C. B. García-Calderón
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide/CSIC/JA, Seville, Spain
- Present address: Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - B. Estrada
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide/CSIC/JA, Seville, Spain
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32
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Cheng C, Lau SKM, Doering LC. Astrocyte-secreted thrombospondin-1 modulates synapse and spine defects in the fragile X mouse model. Mol Brain 2016; 9:74. [PMID: 27485117 PMCID: PMC4971702 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are key participants in various aspects of brain development and function, many of which are executed via secreted proteins. Defects in astrocyte signaling are implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by abnormal neural circuitry such as Fragile X syndrome (FXS). In animal models of FXS, the loss in expression of the Fragile X mental retardation 1 protein (FMRP) from astrocytes is associated with delayed dendrite maturation and improper synapse formation; however, the effect of astrocyte-derived factors on the development of neurons is not known. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is an important astrocyte-secreted protein that is involved in the regulation of spine development and synaptogenesis. In this study, we found that cultured astrocytes isolated from an Fmr1 knockout (Fmr1 KO) mouse model of FXS displayed a significant decrease in TSP-1 protein expression compared to the wildtype (WT) astrocytes. Correspondingly, Fmr1 KO hippocampal neurons exhibited morphological deficits in dendritic spines and alterations in excitatory synapse formation following long-term culture. All spine and synaptic abnormalities were prevented in the presence of either astrocyte-conditioned media or a feeder layer derived from FMRP-expressing astrocytes, or following the application of exogenous TSP-1. Importantly, this work demonstrates the integral role of astrocyte-secreted signals in the establishment of neuronal communication and identifies soluble TSP-1 as a potential therapeutic target for Fragile X syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Cheng
- McMaster Integrative Neuroscience Discovery and Study Program (MINDS), McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, HSC 1R15A, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Sally K M Lau
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, HSC 1R15A, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Laurie C Doering
- McMaster Integrative Neuroscience Discovery and Study Program (MINDS), McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, HSC 1R15A, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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33
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Mac JT, Nuñez V, Burns JM, Guerrero YA, Vullev VI, Anvari B. Erythrocyte-derived nano-probes functionalized with antibodies for targeted near infrared fluorescence imaging of cancer cells. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:1311-22. [PMID: 27446657 PMCID: PMC4929643 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.001311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Constructs derived from mammalian cells are emerging as a new generation of nano-scale platforms for clinical imaging applications. Herein, we report successful engineering of hybrid nano-structures composed of erythrocyte-derived membranes doped with FDA-approved near infrared (NIR) chromophore, indocyanine green (ICG), and surface-functionalized with antibodies to achieve molecular targeting. We demonstrate that these constructs can be used for targeted imaging of cancer cells in vitro. These erythrocyte-derived optical nano-probes may provide a potential platform for clinical translation, and enable molecular imaging of cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny T. Mac
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Vicente Nuñez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Joshua M. Burns
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Yadir A. Guerrero
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Valentine I. Vullev
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Bahman Anvari
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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34
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Rienks M, Papageorgiou AP. Novel regulators of cardiac inflammation: Matricellular proteins expand their repertoire. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 91:172-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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35
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Sosale NG, Spinler KR, Alvey C, Discher DE. Macrophage engulfment of a cell or nanoparticle is regulated by unavoidable opsonization, a species-specific 'Marker of Self' CD47, and target physical properties. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 35:107-12. [PMID: 26172292 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Professional phagocytes of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), especially ubiquitous macrophages, are commonly thought to engulf or not a target based strictly on 'eat me' molecules such as Antibodies. The target might be a viable 'self' cell or a drug-delivering nanoparticle, or it might be a cancer cell or a microbe. 'Marker of Self' CD47 signals into a macrophage to inhibit the acto-myosin cytoskeleton that makes engulfment efficient. In adhesion of any cell, the same machinery is generally activated by rigidity of target surfaces, and recent results confirm phagocytosis is likewise driven by the rigidity typical of microbes and many synthetics. Basic insights are already being applied in order to make macrophages eat cancer or to delay nanoparticle clearance for better drug delivery and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha G Sosale
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics and NanoBioPolymers Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Kyle R Spinler
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics and NanoBioPolymers Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Cory Alvey
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics and NanoBioPolymers Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics and NanoBioPolymers Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Modulation of the extracellular matrix patterning of thrombospondins by actin dynamics and thrombospondin oligomer state. Biosci Rep 2015; 35:BSR20140168. [PMID: 26182380 PMCID: PMC4613707 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20140168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondins (TSPs) are evolutionarily-conserved, secreted glycoproteins that interact with cell surfaces and extracellular matrix (ECM) and have complex roles in cell interactions. Unlike the structural components of the ECM that form networks or fibrils, TSPs are deposited into ECM as arrays of nanoscale puncta. The cellular and molecular mechanisms for the patterning of TSPs in ECM are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated whether the mechanisms of TSP patterning in cell-derived ECM involves actin cytoskeletal pathways or TSP oligomer state. From tests of a suite of pharmacological inhibitors of small GTPases, actomyosin-based contractility, or actin microfilament integrity and dynamics, cytochalasin D and jasplakinolide treatment of cells were identified to result in altered ECM patterning of a model TSP1 trimer. The strong effect of cytochalasin D indicated that mechanisms controlling puncta patterning depend on global F-actin dynamics. Similar spatial changes were obtained with endogenous TSPs after cytochalasin D treatment, implicating physiological relevance. Under matched experimental conditions with ectopically-expressed TSPs, the magnitude of the effect was markedly lower for pentameric TSP5 and Drosophila TSP, than for trimeric TSP1 or dimeric Ciona TSPA. To distinguish between the variables of protein sequence or oligomer state, we generated novel, chimeric pentamers of TSP1. These proteins accumulated within ECM at higher levels than TSP1 trimers, yet the effect of cytochalasin D on the spatial distribution of puncta was reduced. These findings introduce a novel concept that F-actin dynamics modulate the patterning of TSPs in ECM and that TSP oligomer state is a key determinant of this process.
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Kim DJ, Christofidou ED, Keene DR, Hassan Milde M, Adams JC. Intermolecular interactions of thrombospondins drive their accumulation in extracellular matrix. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:2640-54. [PMID: 25995382 PMCID: PMC4501361 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-05-0996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel mechanism of intermolecular interactions in trans is identified by which thrombospondin molecules accumulate as puncta within the extracellular matrix. This process depends on a novel, conserved, surface-exposed site on the thrombospondin L-type lectin domain. Thrombospondins participate in many aspects of tissue organization in adult tissue homeostasis, and their dysregulation contributes to pathological processes such as fibrosis and tumor progression. The incorporation of thrombospondins into extracellular matrix (ECM) as discrete puncta has been documented in various tissue and cell biological contexts, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We find that collagen fibrils are disorganized in multiple tissues of Thbs1−/− mice. In investigating how thrombospondins become retained within ECM and thereby affect ECM organization, we find that accumulation of thrombospondin-1 or thrombospondin-5 puncta within cell-derived ECM is controlled by a novel, conserved, surface-exposed site on the thrombospondin L-type lectin domain. This site acts to recruit thrombospondin molecules into ECM by intermolecular interactions in trans. This mechanism is fibronectin independent, can take place extracellularly, and is demonstrated to be direct in vitro. The trans intermolecular interactions can also be heterotypic—for example, between thrombospondin-1 and thrombospondin-5. These data identify a novel concept of concentration-dependent, intermolecular “matrix trapping” as a conserved mechanism that controls the accumulation and thereby the functionality of thrombospondins in ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Joong Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | | | - Douglas R Keene
- Micro-Imaging Center, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Marwah Hassan Milde
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Josephine C Adams
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
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Ivanova VP, Krivchenko AI. Current viewpoint on structure and on evolution of collagens. II. Fibril-associated collagens. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093014040012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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39
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Pepino MY, Kuda O, Samovski D, Abumrad NA. Structure-function of CD36 and importance of fatty acid signal transduction in fat metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr 2014; 34:281-303. [PMID: 24850384 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071812-161220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36) is a scavenger receptor that functions in high-affinity tissue uptake of long-chain fatty acids (FAs) and contributes under excessive fat supply to lipid accumulation and metabolic dysfunction. This review describes recent evidence regarding the CD36 FA binding site and a potential mechanism for FA transfer. It also presents the view that CD36 and FA signaling coordinate fat utilization, a view that is based on newly identified CD36 actions that involve oral fat perception, intestinal fat absorption, secretion of the peptides cholecystokinin and secretin, regulation of hepatic lipoprotein output, activation of beta oxidation by muscle, and regulation of the production of the FA-derived bioactive eicosanoids. Thus abnormalities of fat metabolism and the associated pathology might involve dysfunction of CD36-mediated signal transduction in addition to the changes in FA uptake.
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Rienks M, Papageorgiou AP, Frangogiannis NG, Heymans S. Myocardial extracellular matrix: an ever-changing and diverse entity. Circ Res 2014; 114:872-88. [PMID: 24577967 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.302533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex architectural network consisting of structural and nonstructural proteins, creating strength and plasticity. The nonstructural compartment of the ECM houses a variety of proteins, which are vital for ECM plasticity, and can be divided into 3 major groups: glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans. The common denominator for these groups is glycosylation, which refers to the decoration of proteins or lipids with sugars. This review will discuss the fundamental role of the matrix in cardiac development, homeostasis, and remodeling, from a glycobiology point of view. Glycoproteins (eg, thrombospondins, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, tenascins), proteoglycans (eg, versican, syndecans, biglycan), and glycosaminoglycans (eg, hyaluronan, heparan sulfate) are upregulated on cardiac injury and regulate key processes in the remodeling myocardium such as inflammation, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. Albeit some parallels can be made regarding the processes these proteins are involved in, their specific functions are extremely diverse. In fact, under varying conditions, individual proteins can even have opposing functions, making spatiotemporal contribution of these proteins in the rearrangement of multifaceted ECM very hard to grasp. Alterations of protein characteristics by the addition of sugars may explain the immense, yet tightly regulated, variability of the remodeling cardiac matrix. Understanding the role of glycosylation in altering the ultimate function of glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans in the myocardium may lead to the development of new biochemical structures or compounds with great therapeutic potential for patients with heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Rienks
- From Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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41
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Mendus D, Sundaresan S, Grillet N, Wangsawihardja F, Leu R, Müller U, Jones SM, Mustapha M. Thrombospondins 1 and 2 are important for afferent synapse formation and function in the inner ear. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 39:1256-67. [PMID: 24460873 PMCID: PMC4132060 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thrombospondins (TSPs) constitute a family of secreted extracellular matrix proteins that have been shown to be involved in the formation of synapses in the central nervous system. In this study, we show that TSP1 and TSP2 are expressed in the cochlea, and offer the first description of their putative roles in afferent synapse development and function in the inner ear. We examined mice with deletions of TSP1, TSP2 and both (TSP1/TSP2) for inner ear development and function. Immunostaining for synaptic markers indicated a significant decrease in the number of formed afferent synapses in the cochleae of TSP2 and TSP1/TSP2 knockout (KO) mice at postnatal day (P)29. In functional studies, TSP2 and TSP1/TSP2 KO mice showed elevated auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds as compared with wild-type littermates, starting at P15, with the most severe phenotype being seen for TSP1/TSP2 KO mice. TSP1/TSP2 KO mice also showed reduced wave I amplitudes of ABRs and vestibular evoked potentials, suggesting synaptic dysfunction in both the auditory and vestibular systems. Whereas ABR thresholds in TSP1 KO mice were relatively unaffected at early ages, TSP1/TSP2 KO mice showed the most severe phenotype among all of the genotypes tested, suggesting functional redundancy between the two genes. On the basis of the above results, we propose that TSPs play an important role in afferent synapse development and function of the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Mendus
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305
| | - Srividya Sundaresan
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305
| | - Nicolas Grillet
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92037
| | - Felix Wangsawihardja
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305
| | - Rose Leu
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305
| | - Ulrich Müller
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92037
| | - Sherri M. Jones
- Department of Special Education & Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA, 68583
| | - Mirna Mustapha
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305
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42
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Stenina-Adognravi O. Invoking the power of thrombospondins: regulation of thrombospondins expression. Matrix Biol 2014; 37:69-82. [PMID: 24582666 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests critical functions of thrombospondins (TSPs) in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. With the growing understanding of the importance of these matricellular proteins, the need to understand the mechanisms of regulation of their expression and potential approaches to modulate their levels is also increasing. The regulation of TSP expression is multi-leveled, cell- and tissue-specific, and very precise. However, the knowledge of mechanisms modulating the levels of TSPs is fragmented and incomplete. This review discusses the known mechanisms of regulation of TSP levels and the gaps in our knowledge that prevent us from developing strategies to modulate the expression of these physiologically important proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Stenina-Adognravi
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave NB50, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
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43
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Tucker RP, Adams JC. Adhesion networks of cnidarians: a postgenomic view. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 308:323-77. [PMID: 24411175 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800097-7.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell-cell adhesion systems are fundamental to the multicellularity of metazoans. Members of phylum Cnidaria were classified historically by their radial symmetry as an outgroup to bilaterian animals. Experimental study of Hydra and jellyfish has fascinated zoologists for many years. Laboratory studies, based on dissection, biochemical isolations, or perturbations of the living organism, have identified the ECM layer of cnidarians (mesoglea) and its components as important determinants of stem cell properties, cell migration and differentiation, tissue morphogenesis, repair, and regeneration. Studies of the ultrastructure and functions of intercellular gap and septate junctions identified parallel roles for these structures in intercellular communication and morphogenesis. More recently, the sequenced genomes of sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, Hydra magnipapillata, and coral Acropora digitifera have opened up a new frame of reference for analyzing the cell-ECM and cell-cell adhesion molecules of cnidarians and examining their conservation with bilaterians. This chapter integrates a review of literature on the structure and functions of cell-ECM and cell-cell adhesion systems in cnidarians with current analyses of genome-encoded repertoires of adhesion molecules. The postgenomic perspective provides a fresh view on fundamental similarities between cnidarian and bilaterian animals and is impelling wider adoption of species from phylum Cnidaria as model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Tucker
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
| | - Josephine C Adams
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Thrombospondins (TSPs) are secreted extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins from TSP family, which consists of five homologous members. They share a complex domain structure and have numerous binding partners in ECM and multiple cell surface receptors. Information that has emerged over the past decade identifies TSPs as important mediators of cellular homeostasis, assigning new important roles in cardiovascular pathology to these proteins. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies of the functions of TSP in the cardiovascular system, diabetes and aging, which placed several TSPs in a position of critical regulators, demonstrated the involvement of these proteins in practically every aspect of cardiovascular pathophysiology related to atherosclerosis: inflammation, immunity, leukocyte recruitment and function, function of vascular cells, angiogenesis, and responses to hypoxia, ischemia and hyperglycemia. TSPs are also critically important in the development and ultimate outcome of the complications associated with atherosclerosis--myocardial infarction, and heart hypertrophy and failure. Their expression and significance increase with age and with the progression of diabetes, two major contributors to the development of atherosclerosis and its complications. SUMMARY This overview of recent literature examines the latest information on the newfound functions of TSPs that emphasize the importance of ECM in cardiovascular homeostasis and pathology. The functions of TSPs in myocardium, vasculature, vascular complications of diabetes, aging and immunity are discussed.
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45
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Vincent TL, Woolfson DN, Adams JC. Prediction and analysis of higher-order coiled-coils: insights from proteins of the extracellular matrix, tenascins and thrombospondins. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2392-401. [PMID: 23891848 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
α-Helical coiled-coil domains (CCDs) direct protein oligomerisation in many biological processes and are of great interest as tools in protein engineering. Although CCDs are recognizable from protein sequences, prediction of oligomer state remains challenging especially for trimeric states and above. Here we evaluate LOGICOIL, a new multi-state predictor for CCDs, with regard to families of extracellular matrix proteins. Tenascins, which are known to assemble as trimers, were the first test case. LOGICOIL out-performed other algorithms in predicting trimerisation of these proteins and sequence analyses identified features associated with many other trimerising CCDs. The thrombospondins are a larger and more ancient family that includes sub-groups that assemble as trimers or pentamers. LOGICOIL predicted the pentamerising CCDs accurately. However, prediction of TSP trimerisation was relatively poor, although accuracy was improved by analyzing only the central regions of the CCDs. Sequence clustering and phylogenetic analyses grouped the TSP CCDs into three clades comprising trimers and pentamers from vertebrates, and TSPs from invertebrates. Sequence analyses revealed distinctive, conserved features that distinguish trimerising and pentamerising CCDs. Together, these analyses provide insight into the specification of higher-order CCDs that should direct improved CCD predictions and future experimental investigations of sequence-to-structure functional relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Vincent
- Bristol Centre for Complexity Sciences, University of Bristol, Queen's Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK; School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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Robertson IB, Rifkin DB. Unchaining the beast; insights from structural and evolutionary studies on TGFβ secretion, sequestration, and activation. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:355-72. [PMID: 23849989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
TGFβ is secreted in a latent state and must be "activated" by molecules that facilitate its release from a latent complex and allow binding to high affinity cell surface receptors. Numerous molecules have been implicated as potential mediators of this activation process, but only a limited number of these activators have been demonstrated to play a role in TGFβ mobilisation in vivo. Here we review the process of TGFβ secretion and activation using evolutionary data, sequence conservation and structural information to examine the molecular mechanisms by which TGFβ is secreted, sequestered and released. This allows the separation of more ancient TGFβ activators from those factors that emerged more recently, and helps to define a potential hierarchy of activation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian B Robertson
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, Cell Biology Floor 6 Room 650, Medical Science Building, New York, NY 10016, United States.
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47
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Green DW, Padula MP, Santos J, Chou J, Milthorpe B, Ben-Nissan B. A therapeutic potential for marine skeletal proteins in bone regeneration. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:1203-20. [PMID: 23574983 PMCID: PMC3705399 DOI: 10.3390/md11041203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A vital ingredient for engineering bone tissue, in the culture dish, is the use of recombinant matrix and growth proteins to help accelerate the growth of cultivated tissues into clinically acceptable quantities. The skeletal organic matrices of calcifying marine invertebrates are an untouched potential source of such growth inducing proteins. They have the advantage of being ready-made and retain the native state of the original protein. Striking evidence shows that skeleton building bone morphogenic protein-2/4 (BMP) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) exist within various marine invertebrates such as, corals. Best practice mariculture and the latest innovations in long-term marine invertebrate cell cultivation can be implemented to ensure that these proteins are produced sustainably and supplied continuously. This also guarantees that coral reef habitats are not damaged during the collection of specimens. Potential proteins for bone repair, either extracted from the skeleton or derived from cultivated tissues, can be identified, evaluated and retrieved using chromatography, cell assays and proteomic methods. Due to the current evidence for bone matrix protein analogues in marine invertebrates, together with the methods established for their production and retrieval there is a genuine prospect that they can be used to regenerate living bone for potential clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Green
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; E-Mails: (J.C.); (B.M.); (B.B.-N.)
| | - Matthew P. Padula
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; E-Mails: (M.P.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Jerran Santos
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; E-Mails: (M.P.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Joshua Chou
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; E-Mails: (J.C.); (B.M.); (B.B.-N.)
| | - Bruce Milthorpe
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; E-Mails: (J.C.); (B.M.); (B.B.-N.)
| | - Besim Ben-Nissan
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; E-Mails: (J.C.); (B.M.); (B.B.-N.)
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Rodriguez PL, Harada T, Christian DA, Pantano DA, Tsai RK, Discher DE. Minimal "Self" peptides that inhibit phagocytic clearance and enhance delivery of nanoparticles. Science 2013; 339:971-5. [PMID: 23430657 PMCID: PMC3966479 DOI: 10.1126/science.1229568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 707] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Foreign particles and cells are cleared from the body by phagocytes that must also recognize and avoid clearance of "self" cells. The membrane protein CD47 is reportedly a "marker of self" in mice that impedes phagocytosis of self by signaling through the phagocyte receptor CD172a. Minimal "Self" peptides were computationally designed from human CD47 and then synthesized and attached to virus-size particles for intravenous injection into mice that express a CD172a variant compatible with hCD47. Self peptides delay macrophage-mediated clearance of nanoparticles, which promotes persistent circulation that enhances dye and drug delivery to tumors. Self-peptide affinity for CD172a is near the optimum measured for human CD172a variants, and Self peptide also potently inhibits nanoparticle uptake mediated by the contractile cytoskeleton. The reductionist approach reveals the importance of human Self peptides and their utility in enhancing drug delivery and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia L. Rodriguez
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics and NanoBioPolymers Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Takamasa Harada
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics and NanoBioPolymers Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David A. Christian
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics and NanoBioPolymers Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Diego A. Pantano
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics and NanoBioPolymers Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Richard K. Tsai
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics and NanoBioPolymers Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics and NanoBioPolymers Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Pharmacological Sciences Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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49
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50
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Tucker RP, Hess JF, Gong Q, Garvey K, Shibata B, Adams JC. A thrombospondin in the anthozoan Nematostella vectensis is associated with the nervous system and upregulated during regeneration. Biol Open 2012; 2:217-26. [PMID: 23430283 PMCID: PMC3575656 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20123103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondins are multimeric extracellular matrix glycoproteins that play important roles in development, synaptogenesis and wound healing in mammals. We previously identified four putative thrombospondins in the genome of the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. This study presents the first analysis of these thrombospondins, with the goals of understanding fundamental roles of thrombospondins in the Eumetazoa. Reverse transcriptase PCR showed that each of the N. vectensis thrombospondins (Nv85341, Nv22035, Nv168100 and Nv30790) is transcribed. Three of the four thrombospondins include an RGD or KGD motif in their thrombospondin type 3 repeats at sites equivalent to mammalian thrombospondins, suggesting ancient roles as RGD integrin ligands. Phylogenetic analysis based on the C-terminal regions demonstrated a high level of sequence diversity between N. vectensis thrombospondins. A full-length cDNA sequence was obtained for Nv168100 (NvTSP168100), which has an unusual domain organization. Immunohistochemistry with an antibody to NvTSP168100 revealed labeling of neuron-like cells in the mesoglea of the retractor muscles and the pharynx. In situ hybridization and quantitative PCR showed that NvTSP168100 is upregulated during regeneration. Immunohistochemistry of the area of regeneration identified strong immunostaining of the glycocalyx, the carbohydrate-rich matrix coating the epidermis, and electron microscopy identified changes in glycocalyx organization during regeneration. Thus, N. vectensis thrombospondins share structural features with thrombospondins from mammals and may have roles in the nervous system and in matrix reorganization during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Tucker
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California , Davis, CA 95616 , USA
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