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Magdy N, Abdelkader NF, Zaki HF, Kamel AS. Potential exacerbation of polycystic ovary syndrome by saccharin sodium Via taste receptors in a letrozole rat model. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 191:114874. [PMID: 39032681 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The most common cause of anovulatory infertility is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which is closely associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Artificial sweetener, notably saccharin sodium (SS), has been utilized in management of obesity in PCOS. However, accumulating evidence points towards SS deleterious effects on ovarian physiology, potentially through activation of ovarian sweet and bitter taste receptors, culminating in a phenotype reminiscent of PCOS. This research embarked on exploration of SS influence on ovarian functions within a PCOS paradigm. Rats were categorized into six groups: Control, Letrozole-model, two SS groups at 2 dose levels, and two groups receiving 2 doses of SS with Letrozole. The study underscored SS capability to potentiate PCOS-related anomalies. Elevated cystic profile with outer thin granulosa cells, were discernible. This owed to increased apoptotic markers as cleaved CASP-3, mirrored by high BAX and low BCL-2, with enhanced p38-MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway. This manifestation was accompanied by activation of taste receptors and disruption of steroidogenic factors; StAR, CYP11A1, and 17β-HSD. Thus, SS showed an escalation in testosterone, progesterone, estrogen, and LH/FSH ratio, insinuating a perturbation in endocrine regulation. It is found that there is an impact of taste receptor downstream signaling on ovarian steroidogenesis and apoptosis instigating pathophysiological milieu of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Magdy
- Quality Assurance, National Food Safety Authority, Bab El-Louq, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha F Abdelkader
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Kamel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
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2
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Chesnokov MS, Mamedova AR, Zhivotovsky B, Kopeina GS. A matter of new life and cell death: programmed cell death in the mammalian ovary. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:31. [PMID: 38509545 PMCID: PMC10956231 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian ovary is a unique organ that displays a distinctive feature of cyclic changes throughout the entire reproductive period. The estrous/menstrual cycles are associated with drastic functional and morphological rearrangements of ovarian tissue, including follicular development and degeneration, and the formation and subsequent atrophy of the corpus luteum. The flawless execution of these reiterative processes is impossible without the involvement of programmed cell death (PCD). MAIN TEXT PCD is crucial for efficient and careful clearance of excessive, depleted, or obsolete ovarian structures for ovarian cycling. Moreover, PCD facilitates selection of high-quality oocytes and formation of the ovarian reserve during embryonic and juvenile development. Disruption of PCD regulation can heavily impact the ovarian functions and is associated with various pathologies, from a moderate decrease in fertility to severe hormonal disturbance, complete loss of reproductive function, and tumorigenesis. This comprehensive review aims to provide updated information on the role of PCD in various processes occurring in normal and pathologic ovaries. Three major events of PCD in the ovary-progenitor germ cell depletion, follicular atresia, and corpus luteum degradation-are described, alongside the detailed information on molecular regulation of these processes, highlighting the contribution of apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. Ultimately, the current knowledge of PCD aberrations associated with pathologies, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, premature ovarian insufficiency, and tumors of ovarian origin, is outlined. CONCLUSION PCD is an essential element in ovarian development, functions and pathologies. A thorough understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating PCD events is required for future advances in the diagnosis and management of various disorders of the ovary and the female reproductive system in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail S Chesnokov
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aygun R Mamedova
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Gelina S Kopeina
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Tahir MS, Nguyen LT, Schulz BL, Boe-Hansen GA, Thomas MG, Moore SS, Lau LY, Fortes MRS. Proteomics Recapitulates Ovarian Proteins Relevant to Puberty and Fertility in Brahman Heifers ( Bos indicus L.). Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E923. [PMID: 31726744 PMCID: PMC6895798 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High fertility and early puberty in Bos indicus heifers are desirable and genetically correlated traits in beef production. The hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis synthesizes steroid hormones, which contribute to the shift from the pre-pubertal state into the post-pubertal state and influence subsequent fertility. Understanding variations in abundance of proteins that govern steroid synthesis and ovarian signaling pathways remains crucial to understanding puberty and fertility. We used whole ovaries of six pre-pubertal and six post-pubertal Brahman heifers to conduct differential abundance analyses of protein profiles between the two physiological states. Extracted proteins were digested into peptides followed by identification and quantification with massspectrometry (MS) by sequential window acquisition of all instances of theoretical fragment ion mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS). MS and statistical analysis identified 566 significantly differentially abundant (DA) proteins (adjusted p < 0.05), which were then analyzed for gene ontology and pathway enrichment. Our data indicated an up-regulation of steroidogenic proteins contributing to progesterone synthesis at luteal phase post-puberty. Proteins related to progesterone signaling, TGF-β, retinoic acid, extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton, and pleiotrophin signaling were DA in this study. The DA proteins probably relate to the formation and function of the corpus luteum, which is only present after ovulation, post-puberty. Some DA proteins might also be related to granulosa cells signaling, which regulates oocyte maturation or arrest in ovaries prior to ovulation. Ten DA proteins were coded by genes previously associated with reproductive traits according to the animal quantitative trait loci (QTL) database. In conclusion, the DA proteins and their pathways were related to ovarian activity in Bos indicus cattle. The genes that code for these proteins may explain some known QTLs and could be targeted in future genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S. Tahir
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia; (M.S.T.); (B.L.S.); (L.Y.L.)
| | - Loan T. Nguyen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia; (L.T.N.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Benjamin L. Schulz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia; (M.S.T.); (B.L.S.); (L.Y.L.)
| | - Gry A. Boe-Hansen
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4343, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Milton G. Thomas
- Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Stephen S. Moore
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia; (L.T.N.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Li Yieng Lau
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia; (M.S.T.); (B.L.S.); (L.Y.L.)
| | - Marina R. S. Fortes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia; (M.S.T.); (B.L.S.); (L.Y.L.)
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Pandey A, Medhamurthy R, Rao S, Asaithambi K. Hormonal regulation and function of an RNA helicase, Ddx5 in corpus luteum of adult Wistar rats. Reprod Biol 2019; 19:179-188. [PMID: 31151754 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Corpus luteum (CL) is an endocrine tissue involved in regulation of reproductive cycle and early pregnancy establishment. In the present study DEAD-box helicase-5 (Ddx5), a member of the DEAD box family of RNA helicases was investigated for its expression, regulation and function in CL of Wistar rats. Ddx5 was expressed in adult rat CL. Primary cell culture from supra-ovulated ovaries were established for in vitro studies. Addition of luteinizing hormone (LH; 100 ng/ml), a luteotrophic factor in primary cell culture, decreased Ddx5 RNA expression (foldchange:0.6 ± 0.075) while prostaglandin alpha (PGF2α; 1μM), a luteolytic factor caused an increase (foldchange:2.4 ± 0.4) compared to control group. Under in vivo conditions, the administration of PGF2α or gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist; cetrorelix (CET) caused luteolysis as well as an increase in the protein level of Ddx5 (foldchange:1.9 ± 0.27 and 1.4 ± 0.09 viz.; p < 0.05) in CL of adult rats. LH was administered post CET treatment which suppressed Ddx5 protein expression (foldchange:0.8 ± 0.16; p < 0.05) compared to CET treated group. Further, it was observed that the expression of Ddx5 was upregulated (foldchange:1.5 ± 0.23; p < 0.05) in CL during late pregnancy compared to mid pregnancy concomitant to luteolysis in adult rats. Overall, the results suggest for the first time that Ddx5 is expressed in rat CL and regulated by luteolytic and luteotrophic factors in an inverse fashion. Further, the data significantly correlates ddx5 expression to CL regression suggesting involvement of ddx5 in luteolysis. These results suggest a significant role of Ddx5 in female reproduction biology and warrant in depth examination of the function of Ddx5 in CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparamita Pandey
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| | - Rudraiah Medhamurthy
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Swati Rao
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Killivalavan Asaithambi
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Huang X, Chen L, Xia YB, Xie M, Sun Q, Yao B. Effects of electroacupuncture on luteal regression and steroidogenesis in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome model rat. Life Sci 2018; 197:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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6
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Jiang J, Qi L, Wei Q, Shi F. Effects of daily exposure to saccharin sodium and rebaudioside A on the ovarian cycle and steroidogenesis in rats. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 76:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Liu X, Huang D, Guo P, Wu Q, Dai M, Cheng G, Hao H, Xie S, Yuan Z, Wang X. PKA/CREB and NF-κB pathway regulates AKNA transcription: A novel insight into T-2 toxin-induced inflammation and GH deficiency in GH3 cells. Toxicology 2017; 392:81-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Borgbo T, Klučková H, Macek M, Chrudimska J, Kristensen SG, Hansen LL, Andersen CY. The Common Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) Promoter Polymorphism FSHR -29G > A Affects Androgen Production in Normal Human Small Antral Follicles. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017. [PMID: 28626448 PMCID: PMC5454067 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone receptors (FSHRs) are almost exclusively expressed on granulosa cells, and FSH action is probably most clearly reflected in intrafollicular hormone milieu of antral follicles. Little is known about the possible effects of the common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) FSHR -29G > A (rs1394205) on hormonal conditions in humsan small antral follicles (hSAFs) obtained from women in the natural menstrual cycle. This study investigated the follicle fluid (FF) concentrations of anti-Müllerian hormone, estradiol, progesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone in hSAF in relation to the different genotypes of FSHR -29G > A. FF from 362 follicles was collected in 95 women undergoing fertility preservation, who did not suffer from a disease that directly affected ovarian function. The testosterone levels of the minor A/A genotype were significantly increased compared to the A/G and the G/G genotype. Furthermore, significantly reduced androstenedione levels were observed for the G/G genotype, as compared to the A/G genotype, while the other hormones did not show statistical significant differences. In conclusion, the androgen levels of hSAF were significantly elevated in the minor SNP genotype in the FSHR promoter polymorphism FSHR -29G > A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanni Borgbo
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hana Klučková
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Milan Macek
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Chrudimska
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Stine Gry Kristensen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Claus Yding Andersen,
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9
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Analysis of endocrine disruption effect of Roundup ® in adrenal gland of male rats. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1075-1085. [PMID: 28962449 PMCID: PMC5598379 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of Roundup® on adrenal gland steroidogenesis and signaling pathway associated with steroid production was investigated. Doses of 10, 50, 100 and 250 mg/kg bw/d Roundup® were administered for two weeks to adult male rats. The 10 mg/kg bw/d dose which reduced circulatory corticosterone levels, but did not change food consumption and body weight, was selected for further study. The expression of cholesterol receptor (low density lipoprotein receptor), de novo cholesterol synthesis enzyme (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase), hormone-sensitive lipase, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) mRNA and phosphorylated form was decreased. Adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor (ACTH), melanocortin-2 receptor, expression was not changed but circulatory ACTH levels and adrenal cortex protein kinase A (PKA) activity were reduced. Surprisingly, exogenous ACTH treatment rescued steroidogenesis in Roundup®-treated animals. Apoptosis was evident at 250 mg/kg bw/d, but not at 10 mg/kg bw/d dose. These results suggest that Roundup® may be inhibitory to hypothalamic–pituitary axis leading to reduction in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/PKA pathway, StAR phosphorylation and corticosterone synthesis in the adrenal tissue.
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Key Words
- ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone
- Adrenal gland
- Creb, cAMP response element-binding protein
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DPX, distrene, plasticiser, xylene
- EDC, endocrine disrupting chemical
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetate
- EGTA, ethylene glycol tetraacetate
- EIA, enzyme Immunoassay
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- Endocrine disruptor
- Glyphosate
- Hmgcr, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase
- Hmgcs, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase
- Hsl, hormone-sensitive lipase
- L:D cycle, light–dark cycle
- LD50, lethal dose, 50%
- Ldlr, low density lipoprotein receptor
- Mc2r, melanocortin-2 receptor
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- PKA, protein kinase A
- RIA, radioimmunoassay
- RIPA buffer, radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer
- Rat
- SD, standard deviation
- SDS PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- Sr-b1, scavenger receptor class B member 1
- StAR
- StAR, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein
- Steroidogenesis
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- TdT, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- qPCR, quantitative real-time PCR
- β ME, beta mercaptoethanol
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Petersen TS, Kristensen SG, Jeppesen JV, Grøndahl ML, Wissing ML, Macklon KT, Andersen CY. Distribution and function of 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterases in the human ovary. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 403:10-20. [PMID: 25578602 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The concentration of the important second messenger cAMP is regulated by phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and hence an attractive drug target. However, limited human data are available about the PDEs in the ovary. The aim of the present study was to describe and characterise the PDEs in the human ovary. Results were obtained by analysis of mRNA microarray data from follicles and granulosa cells (GCs), combined RT-PCR and enzymatic activity analysis in GCs, immunohistochemical analysis of ovarian sections and by studying the effect of PDE inhibitors on progesterone production from cultured GCs. We found that PDE3, PDE4, PDE7 and PDE8 are the major families present while PDE11A was not detected. PDE8B was differentially expressed during folliculogenesis. In cultured GCs, inhibition of PDE7 and PDE8 increased basal progesterone secretion while PDE4 inhibition increased forskolin-stimulated progesterone secretion. In conclusion, we identified PDE3, PDE4, PDE7 and PDE8 as the major PDEs in the human ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Petersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children, and Reproduction - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; Medical Department, LEO Pharma, Ballerup 2750, Denmark.
| | - S G Kristensen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children, and Reproduction - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - J V Jeppesen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children, and Reproduction - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - M L Grøndahl
- The Fertility Clinic, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Herlev 2730, Denmark
| | - M L Wissing
- The Fertility Clinic, Holbæk Sygehus, Holbæk 4300, Denmark
| | - K T Macklon
- The Fertility Clinic, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children, and Reproduction - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - C Y Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children, and Reproduction - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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Shah KB, Tripathy S, Suganthi H, Rudraiah M. Profiling of luteal transcriptome during prostaglandin F2-alpha treatment in buffalo cows: analysis of signaling pathways associated with luteolysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104127. [PMID: 25102061 PMCID: PMC4125180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In several species including the buffalo cow, prostaglandin (PG) F2α is the key molecule responsible for regression of corpus luteum (CL). Experiments were carried out to characterize gene expression changes in the CL tissue at various time points after administration of luteolytic dose of PGF2α in buffalo cows. Circulating progesterone levels decreased within 1 h of PGF2α treatment and evidence of apoptosis was demonstrable at 18 h post treatment. Microarray analysis indicated expression changes in several of immediate early genes and transcription factors within 3 h of treatment. Also, changes in expression of genes associated with cell to cell signaling, cytokine signaling, steroidogenesis, PG synthesis and apoptosis were observed. Analysis of various components of LH/CGR signaling in CL tissues indicated decreased LH/CGR protein expression, pCREB levels and PKA activity post PGF2α treatment. The novel finding of this study is the down regulation of CYP19A1 gene expression accompanied by decrease in expression of E2 receptors and circulating and intra luteal E2 post PGF2α treatment. Mining of microarray data revealed several differentially expressed E2 responsive genes. Since CYP19A1 gene expression is low in the bovine CL, mining of microarray data of PGF2α-treated macaques, the species with high luteal CYP19A1 expression, showed good correlation between differentially expressed E2 responsive genes between both the species. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that PGF2α interferes with luteotrophic signaling, impairs intra-luteal E2 levels and regulates various signaling pathways before the effects on structural luteolysis are manifest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal B Shah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sudeshna Tripathy
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Hepziba Suganthi
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Medhamurthy Rudraiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Suresh PS, Venkatesh T. Computational interrogation of cis-regulatory elements of genes that are common targets of luteotropin and luteolysin in the primate corpus luteum. Gene 2013; 515:403-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Srivastava V, Dey I, Leung P, Chadee K. Prostaglandin E2 modulates IL-8 expression through formation of a multiprotein enhanceosome in human colonic epithelial cells. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:912-23. [PMID: 22531917 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal inflammation is mediated by the pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin-8 (IL-8) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2) ). PGE(2) binding and coupling through EP2/4 receptor subtypes on colonic epithelial cells stimulates cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and IL-8 production. Here we determined the mechanisms whereby PGE(2) regu-lates IL-8 in Caco2 colonic epithelial cells and in cells over-expressing the EP2/4 receptors (EP2S/EP4S). PGE(2) coupling through EP2 activated the transcription factor inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER), whereas coupling through EP4 receptors activated the cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB). Activation of CREB in Caco2/EP2S was protein kinase A (PKA) dependent, whereas in EP4S cells, activation of CREB occurred through the PKA and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways. Since ICER lacks the transactivation domain, it functions as a transcription repressor as opposed to CREB. PGE(2) coupling through EP2/4 receptors can therefore acts in an opposing manner to either decrease (EP2) or promote IL-8 expression by recruiting CREB-binding protein (CBP) (EP4), which formed a multiprotein IL-8 enhanceosome. A novel half CRE (167CRE) and a composite NFAT1-AP1-like site in the IL-8 promoter participated in binding and complex formation as confirmed by mutagenesis and expression studies. These data unravel the mechanisms by which expression of IL-8 is controlled by different signalling pathways that are activated by PGE(2) but acting through different EP receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Srivastava
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Suresh PS, Medhamurthy R. Luteinizing hormone regulates inhibin-α subunit expression through multiple signaling pathways involving steroidogenic factor-1 and beta-catenin in the macaque corpus luteum. Growth Factors 2012; 30:192-206. [PMID: 22607396 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2012.678844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We employed different experimental model systems to define the role of GATA4, beta-catenin, and steroidogenic factor (SF-1) transcriptional factors in the regulation of monkey luteal inhibin secretion. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions and western blotting analyses show high expression of inhibin-α, GATA4, and beta-catenin in corpus luteum (CL) of the mid-luteal phase. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist-induced luteolysis model suggested the significance of luteinizing hormone (LH) in regulating these transcriptional factors. Inducible cyclic AMP early repressor mRNA expression was detected in the CL and no change was observed in different stages of CL. Following amino acid sequence analysis, interaction between SF-1 and beta-catenin in mid-stage CL was verified by reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation experiments coupled to immunoblot analysis. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis support the role of SF-1 in regulating luteal inhibin-α expression. Our results suggest a possible multiple crosstalk of Wnt, cAMP, and SF-1 in the regulation of luteal inhibin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanaban S Suresh
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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15
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Kunal SB, Killivalavan A, Medhamurthy R. Involvement of Src family of kinases and cAMP phosphodiesterase in the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor-mediated signaling in the corpus luteum of monkey. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:25. [PMID: 22455442 PMCID: PMC3353251 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In higher primates, during non-pregnant cycles, it is indisputable that circulating LH is essential for maintenance of corpus luteum (CL) function. On the other hand, during pregnancy, CL function gets rescued by the LH analogue, chorionic gonadotropin (CG). The molecular mechanisms involved in the control of luteal function during spontaneous luteolysis and rescue processes are not completely understood. Emerging evidence suggests that LH/CGR activation triggers proliferation and transformation of target cells by various signaling molecules as evident from studies demonstrating participation of Src family of tyrosine kinases (SFKs) and MAP kinases in hCG-mediated actions in Leydig cells. Since circulating LH concentration does not vary during luteal regression, it was hypothesized that decreased responsiveness of luteal cells to LH might occur due to changes in LH/CGR expression dynamics, modulation of SFKs or interference with steroid biosynthesis. METHODS Since, maintenance of structure and function of CL is dependent on the presence of functional LH/CGR its expression dynamics as well as mRNA and protein expressions of SFKs were determined throughout the luteal phase. Employing well characterized luteolysis and CL rescue animal models, activities of SFKs, cAMP phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE) and expression of SR-B1 (a membrane receptor associated with trafficking of cholesterol ester) were examined. Also, studies were carried out to investigate the mechanisms responsible for decline in progesterone biosynthesis in CL during the latter part of the non-pregnant cycle. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The decreased responsiveness of CL to LH during late luteal phase could not be accounted for by changes in LH/CGR mRNA levels, its transcript variants or protein. Results obtained employing model systems depicting different functional states of CL revealed increased activity of SFKs [pSrc (Y-416)] and PDE as well as decreased expression of SR-B1 correlating with initiation of spontaneous luteolysis. However, CG, by virtue of its heroic efforts, perhaps by inhibition of SFKs and PDE activation, prevents CL from undergoing regression during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated participation of activated Src and increased activity of cAMP-PDE in the control of luteal function in vivo. That the exogenous hCG treatment caused decreased activation of Src and cAMP-PDE activity with increased circulating progesterone might explain the transient CL rescue that occurs during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah B Kunal
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Asaithambi Killivalavan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Rudraiah Medhamurthy
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Abstract
Inhibins are gonadal peptide hormones belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily that regulate the pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion by negative feedback mechanisms. It is evident that the understanding of inhibins function in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis will provide insights into physiology and pathology of the gonadal function. In recent years, a great deal of attention has been focussed on clinical relevance of measuring circulating inhibins in normal and disease state. The past few years also have witnessed the emergence and discovery of extra pituitary action of inhibins that might provide further insights into the underlying diseases like cancer especially in the reproductive axis and various other new endocrine target organs. In this review after systematic analysis of literature, we discuss briefly the known and recent advances in function of these hormones highlighting also its structure, production and mechanisms of signal transduction. Also this review discusses about the physiological relevance of inhibin association in the normal function to the development of reproductive cancers. Finally, we describe evidence from various emerging studies that inhibins make an important contribution to other physiological functions apart from reproduction which reveals new endocrine target organs of inhibins. The emerging view is inhibin participates in multiple ways to regulate the function in different cell types and still complete repertoire of its actions is under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanaban S Suresh
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) University, Vellore, India.
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Chen SU, Chen RJ, Shieh JY, Chou CH, Lin CW, Lu HF, Yang YS. Human chorionic gonadotropin up-regulates expression of myeloid cell leukemia-1 protein in human granulosa-lutein cells: implication of corpus luteum rescue and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:3982-92. [PMID: 20444920 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The corpus luteum is a dynamic endocrine structure with periodic development and regression during menstrual cycles. Its lifespan can be prolonged by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). However, the signal mechanisms of this phenomenon remain unclear. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of hCG in the maintenance of the viability of granulosa-lutein cells. DESIGN Granulosa-lutein cells were obtained from women undergoing in vitro fertilization. We examined the effects of hCG on the survival of cultured granulosa-lutein cells. The signal pathway inducing antiapoptotic protein was investigated. RESULTS hCG enhanced viability of granulosa-lutein cells through antiapoptosis but not proliferation, because the apoptotic marker of annexin V was decreased, but the proliferative markers of Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were not increased. Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) protein, but not B-cell lymphoma protein-2 or B-cell lymphoma protein-xL, was significantly induced by hCG and LH. The granulosa-lutein cells secreted vascular endothelial growth factor that induced endothelial permeability. Mcl-1 small interfering RNA increased DNA fragmentation and diminished the antiapoptotic effect of hCG. hCG induced Mcl-1 expression through the LH/hCG receptor, adenylate cyclase, protein kinase A, and cAMP response element-binding protein signal pathway. Flavopiridol inhibited Mcl-1 production, released cytochrome c, and induced apoptosis of granulosa-lutein cells. CONCLUSIONS We first demonstrate that hCG prevents apoptosis of granulosa-lutein cells through the induction of Mcl-1 protein via the LH/hCG receptor and a cAMP response element-binding protein-dependent pathway. We may have found the molecular mechanism for luteal rescue during early pregnancy. Mcl-1 prevents apoptosis and increases cell viability but not proliferation as mechanisms for luteal rescue. Mcl-1 is a key molecule of hCG signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shee-Uan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Vázquez-Cuevas FG, Zárate-Díaz EP, Garay E, Arellano RO. Functional expression and intracellular signaling of UTP-sensitive P2Y receptors in theca-interstitial cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010; 8:88. [PMID: 20630102 PMCID: PMC2912313 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-8-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Purinergic receptors are expressed in the ovary of different species; their physiological roles remain to be elucidated. UTP-sensitive P2Y receptor activity may regulate cell proliferation. The aim of the present work was to study the functional expression of these receptors in theca/interstitial cells (TIC). METHODS TIC were isolated by centrifugation in a Percoll gradient. P2Y receptors and cellular markers in TIC were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Intracellular calcium mobilization induced by purinergic drugs was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy, phosphorylation of MAPK p44/p42 and of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) was determined by Western blot and proliferation was quantified by [3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA. RESULTS RT-PCR showed expression of p2y2r and p2y6r transcripts, expression of the corresponding proteins was confirmed. UTP and UDP, agonists for P2Y2 and P2Y6 receptors, induced an intracellular calcium increase with a maximum of more than 400% and 200% of basal level, respectively. The response elicited by UTP had an EC50 of 3.5 +/- 1.01 microM, while that for UDP was 3.24 +/- 0.82 microM. To explore components of the pathway activated by these receptors, we evaluated the phosphorylation induced by UTP or UDP of MAPK p44 and p42. It was found that UTP increased MAPK phosphorylation by up to 550% with an EC50 of 3.34 +/- 0.92 and 1.41 +/- 0.67 microM, for p44 and p42, respectively; these increases were blocked by suramin. UDP also induced p44/p42 phosphorylation, but at high concentrations. Phosphorylation of p44/p42 was dependent on PKC and intracellular calcium. To explore possible roles of this pathway in cell physiology, cell proliferation and hCG-induced CREB-phosphorylation assays were performed; results showed that agonists increased cell proliferation and prevented CREB-phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Here, it is shown that UTP-sensitive P2Y receptors are expressed in cultured TIC and that these receptors had the ability to activate mitogenic signaling pathways and to promote cell proliferation, as well as to prevent CREB-phosphorylation by hCG. Regulation of TIC proliferation and steroidogenesis is relevant in ovarian pathophysiology since theca hyperplasia is involved in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Purinergic receptors described might represent an important new set of molecular therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco G Vázquez-Cuevas
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla Querétaro, CP 76230, México
| | - Erika P Zárate-Díaz
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla Querétaro, CP 76230, México
| | - Edith Garay
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla Querétaro, CP 76230, México
| | - Rogelio O Arellano
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla Querétaro, CP 76230, México
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Andrieu T, Pezzi V, Sirianni R, Le Bas R, Feral C, Benhaim A, Mittre H. cAMP-dependent regulation of CYP19 gene in rabbit preovulatory granulosa cells and corpus luteum. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 116:110-7. [PMID: 19460434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transcription of the CYP19 gene encoding the aromatase P450 enzyme in ovarian cells is under the control of the two gonadotropins, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), via modulation of intracellular cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. Primary cultures of rabbit ovarian cells were used to identify the functional regions of the ovarian promoter (PII) that are responsive to the gonadotropic secondary messenger and to estradiol. Transfection experiments in granulosa and luteal cells with deleted constructs of the PII promoter show that the region between -274 and -193bp is critical for cAMP-dependent transcriptional activity. A comparison of PII activities in granulosa and small luteal cells highlights a 50% decrease consecutive to the LH surge. Sequence analysis of the above mentioned region revealed the presence of a cAMP responsive element like sequence (CLS) and of a nuclear receptor element A (NREA). Binding of CREB to CLS has been shown using granulosa and luteal cells nuclear extracts. In addition, we identified the expression of NR5A1 (Steroidogenic Factor 1) and NR5A2 (Liver Receptor Homologue 1) in granulosa and luteal cells. However, the binding to NREA is observed only with granulosa cells nuclear extracts. Data suggest that the NR5A factors are not the main regulators of CYP19 gene, in contrast with the others genes of streroidogenesis enzymes, and additional sites may play an important role during the post-LH surge down-regulation of CYP19 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Andrieu
- Laboratoire, EA 2608, INRA, USC 2006, Universite, Esplanade de la Paix, F-14000 Caen, France
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Bishop CV, Hennebold JD, Stouffer RL. The effects of luteinizing hormone ablation/replacement versus steroid ablation/replacement on gene expression in the primate corpus luteum. Mol Hum Reprod 2009; 15:181-93. [PMID: 19168862 PMCID: PMC2647108 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gap005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to provide a genome-wide analysis of the effects of luteinizing hormone (LH) versus steroid ablation/replacement on gene expression in the developed corpus luteum (CL) in primates during the menstrual cycle. On Days 9–11 of the luteal phase, female rhesus monkeys were left untreated (control) or received a GnRH antagonist Antide (A), A + LH, A + LH + the 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor Trilostane (TRL) or A + LH + TRL + a progestin R5020. On Day 12 of the luteal phase, CL were removed and samples of RNA from individual CL were hybridized to Affymetrix™ rhesus macaque total genome microarrays. The greatest number of altered transcripts was associated with the ablation/replacement of LH, while steroid ablation/progestin replacement affected fewer transcripts. Replacement of LH during Antide treatment restored the expression of most transcripts to control levels. Validation of a subset of transcripts revealed that the expression patterns were similar between microarray and real-time PCR. Analyses of protein levels were subsequently determined for two transcripts. This is the first genome-wide analysis of LH and steroid regulation of gene transcription in the developed primate CL. Further analysis of novel transcripts identified in this data set can clarify the relative role for LH and steroids in CL maintenance and luteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecily V Bishop
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, 97006, USA.
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