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Wei J, Brophy B, Cole SA, Leath S, Oback B, Boch J, Wells DN, Laible G. Production of light-coloured, low heat-absorbing Holstein Friesian cattle by precise embryo-mediated genome editing. Reprod Fertil Dev 2023; 36:112-123. [PMID: 38064192 DOI: 10.1071/rd23163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Genome editing enables the introduction of beneficial sequence variants into the genomes of animals with high genetic merit in a single generation. This can be achieved by introducing variants into primary cells followed by producing a live animal from these cells by somatic cell nuclear transfer cloning. The latter step is associated with low efficiencies and developmental problems due to incorrect reprogramming of the donor cells, causing animal welfare concerns. Direct editing of fertilised one-cell embryos could circumvent this issue and might better integrate with genetic improvement strategies implemented by the industry. METHODS In vitro fertilised zygotes were injected with TALEN editors and repair template to introduce a known coat colour dilution mutation in the PMEL gene. Embryo biopsies of injected embryos were screened by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing for intended biallelic edits before transferring verified embryos into recipients for development to term. Calves were genotyped and their coats scanned with visible and hyperspectral cameras to assess thermal energy absorption. KEY RESULTS Multiple non-mosaic calves with precision edited genotypes were produced, including calves from high genetic merit parents. Compared to controls, the edited calves showed a strong coat colour dilution which was associated with lower thermal energy absorbance. CONCLUSIONS Although biopsy screening was not absolutely accurate, non-mosaic, precisely edited calves can be readily produced by embryo-mediated editing. The lighter coat colouring caused by the PMEL mutation can lower radiative heat gain which might help to reduce heat stress. IMPLICATIONS The study validates putative causative sequence variants to rapidly adapt grazing cattle to changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Wei
- Animal Biotechnology, Ruakura Research Centre, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Brigid Brophy
- Animal Biotechnology, Ruakura Research Centre, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Sally-Ann Cole
- Animal Biotechnology, Ruakura Research Centre, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Shane Leath
- Animal Biotechnology, Ruakura Research Centre, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Björn Oback
- Animal Biotechnology, Ruakura Research Centre, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand; and School of Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand; and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jens Boch
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - David N Wells
- Animal Biotechnology, Ruakura Research Centre, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Götz Laible
- Animal Biotechnology, Ruakura Research Centre, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand; and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Senba H, Sueoka K, Sato S, Higuchi N, Mizuguchi Y, Sato K, Tanaka M. The impact of parental unaffected allele combination on the diagnostic outcome in the preimplantation genetic testing for myotonic dystrophy type 1 in Japanese ancestry. Reprod Med Biol 2020; 19:265-269. [PMID: 32684825 PMCID: PMC7360966 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective is to clarify the practical problem of the preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) for myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) in Japanese subjects. METHODS For the 32 couples who consented to participate in PGT for DM1, CTG repeats number on the unaffected alleles was analyzed. Based on the allele combination, they were classified into 3 groups by the number of diagnostic allelic pattern; "full informative," "semi informative," and "noninformative." According to the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) principle, PGT was performed using the direct diagnosis to the 288 embryos from the 17 couples who received the ethical approval from both our institution and JSOG. RESULTS In the 32 couples, the frequency of CTG repeats on the unaffected alleles showed bimodal distribution. The "full informative," "semi informative," and "noninformative" couples accounted for 46.9% (15/32 couples), 46.9% (15/32 couples) and 6.2% (2/32 couples), respectively. The transferable embryos accounted for 28.9% (33/114 embryos) in the "full informative" couples, although it was limited to 12.6% (22/174 embryos) in the "semi informative" couples. CONCLUSION The loss of unaffected embryos which cannot be diagnosed as transferable was a clinically major problem and implied an increase in oocyte retrieval, especially for "semi informative" couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Senba
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTachikawa HospitalTachikawaJapan
| | - Kou Sueoka
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of Medicine, Keio UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Suguru Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of Medicine, Keio UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Nobuhiko Higuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of Medicine, Keio UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yuki Mizuguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of Medicine, Keio UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Kenji Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of Medicine, Keio UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of Medicine, Keio UniversityTokyoJapan
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Vilarino M, Suchy FP, Rashid ST, Lindsay H, Reyes J, McNabb BR, van der Meulen T, Huising MO, Nakauchi H, Ross PJ. Mosaicism diminishes the value of pre-implantation embryo biopsies for detecting CRISPR/Cas9 induced mutations in sheep. Transgenic Res 2018; 27:525-537. [PMID: 30284144 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-018-0094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The production of knock-out (KO) livestock models is both expensive and time consuming due to their long gestational interval and low number of offspring. One alternative to increase efficiency is performing a genetic screening to select pre-implantation embryos that have incorporated the desired mutation. Here we report the use of sheep embryo biopsies for detecting CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations targeting the gene PDX1 prior to embryo transfer. PDX1 is a critical gene for pancreas development and the target gene required for the creation of pancreatogenesis-disabled sheep. We evaluated the viability of biopsied embryos in vitro and in vivo, and we determined the mutation efficiency using PCR combined with gel electrophoresis and digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). Next, we determined the presence of mosaicism in ~ 50% of the recovered fetuses employing a clonal sequencing methodology. While the use of biopsies did not compromise embryo viability, the presence of mosaicism diminished the diagnostic value of the technique. If mosaicism could be overcome, pre-implantation embryo biopsies for mutation screening represents a powerful approach that will streamline the creation of KO animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Vilarino
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Fabian Patrik Suchy
- School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sheikh Tamir Rashid
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Institute for Liver Studies, King's College, London, UK
| | - Helen Lindsay
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juan Reyes
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bret Roberts McNabb
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Talitha van der Meulen
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mark O Huising
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Pablo Juan Ross
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Perinatal follow-up of children born after preimplantation genetic diagnosis between 1995 and 2014. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:1995-2002. [PMID: 30187425 PMCID: PMC6240547 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aim to evaluate the safety of PGD. We focus on the congenital malformation rate and additionally report on adverse perinatal outcome. Methods We collated data from a large group of singletons and multiples born after PGD between 1995 and 2014. Data on congenital malformation rates in live born children and terminated pregnancies, misdiagnosis rate, birth parameters, perinatal mortality, and hospital admissions were prospectively collected by questionnaires. Results Four hundred thirty-nine pregnancies in 381 women resulted in 364 live born children. Nine children (2.5%) had major malformations. This percentage is consistent with other PGD cohorts and comparable to the prevalence reported by the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT). We reported one misdiagnosis resulting in a spontaneous abortion of a fetus with an unbalanced chromosome pattern. 20% of the children were born premature (< 37 weeks) and less than 15% had a low birth weight. The incidence of hospital admissions is in line with prematurity and low birth weight rate. One child from a twin, one child from a triplet, and one singleton died at 23, 32, and 37 weeks of gestation respectively. Conclusions We found no evidence that PGD treatment increases the risk on congenital malformations or adverse perinatal outcome. Trial registration number NCT 2 149485 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10815-018-1286-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Ramos Vergara P, Porte Barreaux IR, Santos Alcántara M. Aportes éticos y jurídicos para la discusión sobre el Diagnóstico Genético Preimplantacional: una aproximación desde el concebido. PERSONA Y BIOÉTICA 2018. [DOI: 10.5294/pebi.2018.22.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
El diagnostico genético preimplantacional introduce importantes preguntas éticas y jurídicas; entonces, .cuales son los criterios que se deben tener en cuenta? En esta investigación se describen los límites que han considerado algunas legislaciones a la hora de regular esta técnica. Adicionalmente, se analizan fallos que se han pronunciado sobre problemas jurídicos causados por su aplicación, entre ellos, el error en el diagnóstico.
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Derks-Smeets IAP, de Die-Smulders CEM, Mackens S, van Golde R, Paulussen AD, Dreesen J, Tournaye H, Verdyck P, Tjan-Heijnen VCG, Meijer-Hoogeveen M, De Greve J, Geraedts J, De Rycke M, Bonduelle M, Verpoest WM. Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and reproduction: an observational study on the suitability of preimplantation genetic diagnosis for both asymptomatic carriers and breast cancer survivors. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 145:673-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-2951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dreesen J, Destouni A, Kourlaba G, Degn B, Mette WC, Carvalho F, Moutou C, Sengupta S, Dhanjal S, Renwick P, Davies S, Kanavakis E, Harton G, Traeger-Synodinos J. Evaluation of PCR-based preimplantation genetic diagnosis applied to monogenic diseases: a collaborative ESHRE PGD consortium study. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 22:1012-8. [PMID: 24301057 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for monogenic disorders currently involves polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods, which must be robust, sensitive and highly accurate, precluding misdiagnosis. Twelve adverse misdiagnoses reported to the ESHRE PGD-Consortium are likely an underestimate. This retrospective study, involving six PGD centres, assessed the validity of PCR-based PGD through reanalysis of untransferred embryos from monogenic-PGD cycles. Data were collected on the genotype concordance at PGD and follow-up from 940 untransferred embryos, including details on the parameters of PGD cycles: category of monogenic disease, embryo morphology, embryo biopsy and genotype assay strategy. To determine the validity of PCR-based PGD, the sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) and diagnostic accuracy were calculated. Stratified analyses were also conducted to assess the influence of the parameters above on the validity of PCR-based PGD. The analysis of overall data showed that 93.7% of embryos had been correctly classified at the time of PGD, with Se of 99.2% and Sp of 80.9%. The stratified analyses found that diagnostic accuracy is statistically significantly higher when PGD is performed on two cells versus one cell (P=0.001). Se was significantly higher when multiplex protocols versus singleplex protocols were applied (P=0.005), as well as for PGD applied on cells from good compared with poor morphology embryos (P=0.032). Morphology, however, did not affect diagnostic accuracy. Multiplex PCR-based methods on one cell, are as robust as those on two cells regarding false negative rate, which is the most important criteria for clinical PGD applications. Overall, this study demonstrates the validity, robustness and high diagnostic value of PCR-based PGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos Dreesen
- Departments of Clinical Genetics and School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, GROW, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aspasia Destouni
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University of Athens, St Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Kourlaba
- The Stavros Niarchos Foundation-Collaborative Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), First and Second University Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Birte Degn
- Fertility Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Wulf Christensen Mette
- Fertility Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Filipa Carvalho
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Celine Moutou
- Université de Strasbourg FRANCE & HUS - Service de la Biologie de la Reproduction, CMCO, 19, Rue Louis Pasteur, BP120, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Sioban Sengupta
- UCL Centre for PG&D, Institute for Women's Health, London, UK
| | - Seema Dhanjal
- UCL Centre for PG&D, Institute for Women's Health, London, UK
| | - Pamela Renwick
- Guy's & St Thomas' Centre for Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Genetics, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Steven Davies
- Embryogenesis Assisted Conception Unit, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouel Kanavakis
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University of Athens, St Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Gary Harton
- Reprogenetics, 3 Regent Street, Suite 301, Livingston, NJ, USA
| | - Joanne Traeger-Synodinos
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University of Athens, St Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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van Rij MC, de Koning Gans PAM, Aalfs CM, Elting M, Ippel PF, Maat-Kievit JA, Vermeer S, Verschuuren-Bemelmans CC, van Belzen MJ, Belfroid RDM, Losekoot M, Geraedts JPM, Roos RAC, Tibben A, de Die-Smulders CEM, Bijlsma EK. Prenatal testing for Huntington's disease in the Netherlands from 1998 to 2008. Clin Genet 2013; 85:78-86. [PMID: 23350614 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to give an overview of the number of prenatal tests for Huntington's disease (HD), test results, and pregnancy outcomes in the Netherlands between 1998 and 2008 and to compare them with available data from the period 1987 to 1997. A total of 126 couples underwent prenatal diagnosis (PND) on 216 foetuses: 185 (86%) direct tests and 31 (14%) exclusion tests. In 9% of direct tests the risk for the foetus was 25%. Four at-risk parents (4%) carried intermediate alleles. Ninety-one foetuses had CAG expansions ≥36% or 50% risk haplotypes: 75 (82%) were terminated for HD, 12 (13%) were carried to term; four pregnancies were miscarried, terminated for other reasons or lost to follow-up. Unaffected pregnancies (122 foetuses) resulted in the birth of 112 children. The estimated uptake of PND was 22% of CAG expansion carriers (≥36 repeats) at reproductive age. PND was used by two new subgroups: carriers of intermediate alleles and 50% at-risk persons opting for a direct prenatal test of the foetus. A significant number of HD expansion or 50% risk pregnancies were continued. Speculations were made on causative factors contributing to these continuations. Further research on these couples' motives is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C van Rij
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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SNP array-based copy number and genotype analyses for preimplantation genetic diagnosis of human unbalanced translocations. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 20:938-44. [PMID: 22378284 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for chromosomal rearrangements (CR) is mainly based on fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). Application of this technique is limited by the number of available fluorochromes, the extensive preclinical work-up and technical and interpretative artefacts. We aimed to develop a universal, off-the-shelf protocol for PGD by combining single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array-derived copy number (CN) determination and genotyping for detection of unbalanced translocations in cleavage-stage embryos. A total of 36 cleavage-stage embryos that were diagnosed as unbalanced by initial PGD FISH analysis were dissociated (n=146) and amplified by multiple displacement amplification (MDA). SNP CNs and genotypes were determined using SNP array. Epstein-Barr Virus-transformed cell lines with known CR were used for optimising the genomic smoothing (GS) length setting to increase signal to noise ratio. SNP CN analysis showed 23 embryos (64%) that were unbalanced in all blastomeres for the chromosomes involved in the translocation, 5 embryos (14%) that were normal or balanced in all blastomeres and 8 embryos (22%) that were mosaic. SNP genotyping, based on analysis of informative SNP loci with opposing homozygous parental genotypes, confirmed partial monosomies associated with inheritance of unbalanced translocation in surplus embryos. We have developed a universal MDA-SNP array technique for chromosome CN analysis in single blastomeres. SNP genotyping could confirm partial monosomies. This combination of techniques showed improved diagnostic specificity compared with FISH and may provide more reliable PGD analysis associated with higher embryo transfer rate.
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Van Rij MC, De Rademaeker M, Moutou C, Dreesen JCFM, De Rycke M, Liebaers I, Geraedts JPM, De Die-Smulders CEM, Viville S. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for Huntington's disease: the experience of three European centres. Eur J Hum Genet 2011; 20:368-75. [PMID: 22071896 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides an overview of 13 years of experience of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for Huntington's disease (HD) at three European PGD centres in Brussels, Maastricht and Strasbourg. Information on all 331 PGD intakes for HD, couples' reproductive history, PGD approach, treatment cycles and outcomes between 1995 and 2008 were collected prospectively. Of 331 couples for intake, 68% requested direct testing and 32% exclusion testing (with a preponderance of French couples). At the time of PGD intake, 39% of women had experienced one or more pregnancies. A history of pregnancy termination after prenatal diagnosis was observed more frequently in the direct testing group (25%) than in the exclusion group (10%; P=0.0027). PGD workup was based on two approaches: (1) direct testing of the CAG-triplet repeat and (2) linkage analysis using intragenic or flanking microsatellite markers of the HTT gene. In total, 257 couples had started workup and 174 couples (70% direct testing, 30% exclusion testing) completed at least one PGD cycle. In total, 389 cycles continued to oocyte retrieval (OR). The delivery rates per OR were 19.8%, and per embryo transfer 24.8%, resulting in 77 deliveries and the birth of 90 children. We conclude that PGD is a valuable and safe reproductive option for HD carriers and couples at risk of transmitting HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje C Van Rij
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Chang LJ, Chen SU, Tsai YY, Hung CC, Fang MY, Su YN, Yang YS. An update of preimplantation genetic diagnosis in gene diseases, chromosomal translocation, and aneuploidy screening. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2011; 38:126-34. [PMID: 22384431 PMCID: PMC3283069 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2011.38.3.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is gradually widely used in prevention of gene diseases and chromosomal abnormalities. Much improvement has been achieved in biopsy technique and molecular diagnosis. Blastocyst biopsy can increase diagnostic accuracy and reduce allele dropout. It is cost-effective and currently plays an important role. Whole genome amplification permits subsequent individual detection of multiple gene loci and screening all 23 pairs of chromosomes. For PGD of chromosomal translocation, fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) is traditionally used, but with technical difficulty. Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) can detect translocation and 23 pairs of chromosomes that may replace FISH. Single nucleotide polymorphisms array with haplotyping can further distinguish between normal chromosomes and balanced translocation. PGD may shorten time to conceive and reduce miscarriage for patients with chromosomal translocation. PGD has a potential value for mitochondrial diseases. Preimplantation genetic haplotyping has been applied for unknown mutation sites of single gene disease. Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) using limited FISH probes in the cleavage-stage embryo did not increase live birth rates for patients with advanced maternal age, unexplained recurrent abortions, and repeated implantation failure. Polar body and blastocyst biopsy may circumvent the problem of mosaicism. PGS using blastocyst biopsy and array CGH is encouraging and merit further studies. Cryopreservation of biopsied blastocysts instead of fresh transfer permits sufficient time for transportation and genetic analysis. Cryopreservation of embryos may avoid ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and possible suboptimal endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jung Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shee-Uan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yi Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Hung
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Genomics, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ya Fang
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ning Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Genomics, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shih Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Successful application of the strategy of blastocyst biopsy, vitrification, whole genome amplification, and thawed embryo transfer for preimplantation genetic diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 50:74-8. [PMID: 21482379 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2011.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) offers an alternative for women to carry an unaffected fetus risk of hereditary diseases. Trophectoderm biopsy may provide more cells for accurate diagnosis. However, the time allowed for transportation of the specimens to the laboratory and performance of molecular diagnosis is limited. We designed a PGD program of trophectoderm biopsy, vitrification of blastocysts, whole genome amplification (WGA), double confirmatory genotypings, and thawed embryo transfer. CASE REPORT We conducted this strategy for a woman of familial neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1). She had a genotype of heterozygous c.6709C>T mutation of NF1 gene. Trophectoderm biopsies were performed on 13 blastocysts. Then, individual blastocyst was vitrified. WGA was performed for the samples, followed by genotypings with both real-time polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Eight embryos were diagnosed as unaffected, four were affected, and one was inconclusive because of allele drop-out. In the next cycle, two unaffected blastocysts were thawed and transferred, that resulted in a singleton pregnancy. The pregnancy was confirmed as unaffected by means of chorionic villi sampling. CONCLUSION We first demonstrate successful application of blastocyst biopsy, vitrification, WGA, and thawed embryo transfer for PGD of a monogenic disease. Vitrification of blastocysts after biopsy permits sufficient time for shipment of samples and operation of molecular diagnosis.
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Zamora S, Clavero A, Gonzalvo MC, de Dios Luna Del Castillo J, Roldán-Nofuentes JA, Mozas J, Castilla JA. PGS-FISH in reproductive medicine and perspective directions for improvement: a systematic review. J Assist Reprod Genet 2011; 28:747-57. [PMID: 21713549 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-011-9578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Embryo selection can be carried out via morphological criteria or by using genetic studies based on Preimplantation Genetic Screening. In the present study, we evaluate the clinical validity of Preimplantation Genetic Screening with fluorescence in situ hybridization (PGS-FISH) compared with morphological embryo criteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic review was made of the bibliography, with the following goals: firstly, to determine the prevalence of embryo chromosome alteration in clinical situations in which the PGS-FISH technique has been used; secondly, to calculate the statistics of diagnostic efficiency (negative Likelihood Ratio), using 2 × 2 tables, derived from PGS-FISH. The results obtained were compared with those obtained from embryo morphology. We calculated the probability of transferring at least one chromosome-normal embryo when it was selected using either morphological criteria or PGS-FISH, and considered what diagnostic performance should be expected of an embryo selection test with respect to achieving greater clinical validity than that obtained from embryo morphology. RESULTS After an embryo morphology selection that produced a negative result (normal morphology), the likelihood of embryo aneuploidies was found to range from a pre-test value of 65% (prevalence of embryo chromosome alteration registered in all the study groups) to a post-test value of 55% (Confidence interval: 50-61), while after PGS-FISH with a negative result (euploid), the post-test probability was 42% (Confidence interval: 35-49) (p < 0.05). The probability of transferring at least one euploid embryo was the same whether 3 embryos were selected according to morphological criteria or whether 2, selected by PGS-FISH, were transferred. Any embryo selection test, if it is to provide greater clinical validity than embryo morphology, must present a LR-value of 0.40 (Confidence interval: 0.32-0.51) in single embryo transfer, and 0.06 (CI: 0.05-0.07) in double embryo transfer. DISCUSSION With currently available technology, and taking into account the number of embryos to be transferred, the clinical validity of PGS-FISH, although superior to that of morphological criteria, does not appear to be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Zamora
- Reproduction Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014, Granada, Spain.
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Harton G, Braude P, Lashwood A, Schmutzler A, Traeger-Synodinos J, Wilton L, Harper JC. ESHRE PGD consortium best practice guidelines for organization of a PGD centre for PGD/preimplantation genetic screening. Hum Reprod 2010; 26:14-24. [PMID: 20966460 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2005, the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) PGD Consortium published a set of Guidelines for Best Practice PGD to give information, support and guidance to potential, existing and fledgling PGD programmes. Subsequent years have seen the introduction of new technologies as well as the evolution of current techniques. Additionally, in light of recent advice from ESHRE on how practice guidelines should be written/formulated, the Consortium believed it was timely to update the PGD guidelines. Rather than one document that covers all of PGD, the new guidelines are separated into four documents, including one relating to organization of the PGD centre and three relating to the methods used: DNA amplification, fluorescence in situ hybridization and biopsy/embryology. Here, we have updated the sections on organization of the PGD centre. One area that has continued to expand is Transport PGD, in which patients are treated at one IVF centre, whereas their gametes/embryos are tested elsewhere, at an independent PGD centre. Transport PGD/preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) has a unique set of challenges with respect to the nature of the sample and the rapid turn-around time required. PGS is currently controversial. Opinions of laboratory specialists and clinicians interested in PGD and PGS have been taken into account here. Current evidence suggests that PGS at cleavage stages is ineffective, but whether PGS at the blastocyst stage or on polar bodies might show improved delivery rates is still unclear. Thus, in this revision, PGS has been included. This document should assist everyone interested in PGD/PGS in developing the best laboratory and clinical practice possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Harton
- Reprogenetics LLC, Livingston, NJ 07039, USA.
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Kakourou G, Dhanjal S, Mamas T, Serhal P, Delhanty JD, SenGupta SB. Modification of the triplet repeat primed polymerase chain reaction method for detection of the CTG repeat expansion in myotonic dystrophy type 1: application in preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Fertil Steril 2010; 94:1674-9. [PMID: 20171614 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Pediatr 2010; 22:117-26. [PMID: 20068414 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e32833539b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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