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Bala IA, Nicolescu A, Georgescu F, Dumitrascu F, Airinei A, Tigoianu R, Georgescu E, Constantinescu-Aruxandei D, Oancea F, Deleanu C. Synthesis and Biological Properties of Fluorescent Strigolactone Mimics Derived from 1,8-Naphthalimide. Molecules 2024; 29:2283. [PMID: 38792143 PMCID: PMC11124091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) have potential to be used in sustainable agriculture to mitigate various stresses that plants have to deal with. The natural SLs, as well as the synthetic analogs, are difficult to obtain in sufficient amounts for practical applications. At the same time, fluorescent SLs would be useful for the mechanistic understanding of their effects based on bio-imaging or spectroscopic techniques. In this study, new fluorescent SL mimics containing a substituted 1,8-naphthalimide ring system connected through an ether link to a bioactive furan-2-one moiety were prepared. The structural, spectroscopic, and biological activity of the new SL mimics on phytopathogens were investigated and compared with previously synthetized fluorescent SL mimics. The chemical group at the C-6 position of the naphthalimide ring influences the fluorescence parameters. All SL mimics showed effects similar to GR24 on phytopathogens, indicating their suitability for practical applications. The pattern of the biological activity depended on the fungal species, SL mimic and concentration, and hyphal order. This dependence is probably related to the specificity of each fungal receptor-SL mimic interaction, which will have to be analyzed in-depth. Based on the biological properties and spectroscopic particularities, one SL mimic could be a good candidate for microscopic and spectroscopic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana-Alexandra Bala
- Bioproducts Team, Bioresources Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței Nr. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bd. Mărăști Nr. 59, Sector 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Nicolescu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda Nr. 41-A, 700487 Iaşi, Romania; (A.N.); (A.A.); (R.T.)
- “Costin D. Nenițescu” Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei Nr. 202B, Sector 6, 060023 Bucharest, Romania;
| | | | - Florea Dumitrascu
- “Costin D. Nenițescu” Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei Nr. 202B, Sector 6, 060023 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anton Airinei
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda Nr. 41-A, 700487 Iaşi, Romania; (A.N.); (A.A.); (R.T.)
| | - Radu Tigoianu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda Nr. 41-A, 700487 Iaşi, Romania; (A.N.); (A.A.); (R.T.)
| | - Emilian Georgescu
- Research Center Oltchim, St. Uzinei 1, 240050 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania;
| | - Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei
- Bioproducts Team, Bioresources Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței Nr. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Florin Oancea
- Bioproducts Team, Bioresources Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței Nr. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bd. Mărăști Nr. 59, Sector 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Calin Deleanu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda Nr. 41-A, 700487 Iaşi, Romania; (A.N.); (A.A.); (R.T.)
- “Costin D. Nenițescu” Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei Nr. 202B, Sector 6, 060023 Bucharest, Romania;
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Pyrzanowska-Banasiak A, Boyunegmez Tumer T, Bukowska B, Krokosz A. A multifaceted assessment of strigolactone GR24 and its derivatives: from anticancer and antidiabetic activities to antioxidant capacity and beyond. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1242935. [PMID: 37954978 PMCID: PMC10639149 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1242935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Strigolactones are signaling molecules produced by plants, the main functions are the intracorporeal control of plant development and plant growth. GR24 strigolactone is one of the synthetic strigolactones and due to its universality and easy availability, it is a standard and model compound for research on the properties and role of strigolactones in human health. Purpose: In this research work, the impact of mainly GR24 strigolactone on the human body and the role of this strigol-type lactone in many processes that take place within the human body are reviewed. Study design: The article is a review of publications on the use of GR24 strigolactone in studies from 2010-2023. Publications were searched using PubMed, Elsevier, Frontiers, and Springer databases. The Google Scholar search engine was also used. For the review original research papers and reviews related to the presented topic were selected. Results: The promising properties of GR24 and other strigolactone analogs in anti-cancer therapy are presented. Tumor development is associated with increased angiogenesis. Strigolactones have been shown to inhibit angiogenesis, which may enhance the anticancer effect of these γ-lactones. Furthermore, it has been shown that strigolactones have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. There are also a few reports which show that the strigolactone analog may have antimicrobial and antiviral activity against human pathogens. Conclusion: When all of this is considered, strigolactones are molecules whose versatile action is their undeniable advantage. The development of research on these phytohormones makes it possible to discover their new, unique properties and surprising biological activities in relation to many mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Pyrzanowska-Banasiak
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tugba Boyunegmez Tumer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Türkiye
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anita Krokosz
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Fan X, Li Y, Deng CH, Wang S, Wang Z, Wang Y, Qiu C, Xu X, Han Z, Li W. Strigolactone regulates adventitious root formation via the MdSMXL7-MdWRKY6-MdBRC1 signaling cascade in apple. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:772-786. [PMID: 36575587 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Propagation through stem cuttings is a popular method worldwide for species such as fruit tree rootstocks and forest trees. Adventitious root (AR) formation from stem cuttings is crucial for effective and successful clonal propagation of apple rootstocks. Strigolactones (SLs) are newly identified hormones involved in AR formation. However, the regulatory mechanisms underpinning this process remain elusive. In the present study, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, as well as rooting assays using stable transgenic apple materials, revealed that MdBRC1 served as a key gene in the inhibition of AR formation by SLs. We have demonstrated that MdSMXL7 and MdWRKY6 synergistically regulated MdBRC1 expression, depending on the interactions of MdSMXL7 and MdWRKY6 at the protein level downstream of SLs as well as the direct promoter binding on MdBRC1 by MdWRKY6. Furthermore, biochemical studies and genetic analysis revealed that MdBRC1 inhibited AR formation by triggering the expression of MdGH3.1 in a transcriptional activation pathway. Finally, the present study not only proposes a component, MdWRKY6, that enables MdSMXL7 to regulate MdBRC1 during the process of SL-controlled AR formation in apple, but also provides prospective target genes to enhance AR formation capacity using CRISPR (i.e. clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) technology, particularly in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiang Fan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cecilia H Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mt Albert Road, Mt Albert, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Shiyao Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zijun Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Changpeng Qiu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Soliman S, Wang Y, Han Z, Pervaiz T, El-kereamy A. Strigolactones in Plants and Their Interaction with the Ecological Microbiome in Response to Abiotic Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3499. [PMID: 36559612 PMCID: PMC9781102 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones play an essential role in enhancing plant tolerance by responding to abiotic stresses, such as nutrient deficiency, drought, high temperature, and light stress. Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid derivatives that occur naturally in plants and are defined as novel phytohormones that regulate plant metabolism, growth, and development. Strigolactone assists plants in the acquisition of defensive characteristics against drought stress by initiating physiological responses and mediating the interaction with soil microorganisms. Nutrient deficiency is an important abiotic stress factor, hence, plants perform many strategies to survive against nutrient deficiency, such as enhancing the efficiency of nutrient uptake and forming beneficial relationships with microorganisms. Strigolactone attracts various microorganisms and provides the roots with essential elements, including nitrogen and phosphorus. Among these advantageous microorganisms are arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), which regulate plant metabolic activities through phosphorus providing in roots. Bacterial nodulations are also nitrogen-fixing microorganisms found in plant roots. This symbiotic relationship is maintained as the plant provides organic molecules, produced in the leaves, that the bacteria could otherwise not independently generate. Related stresses, such as light stress and high-temperature stress, could be affected directly or indirectly by strigolactone. However, the messengers of these processes are unknown. The most prominent connector messengers have been identified upon the discovery of SLs and the understanding of their hormonal effect. In addition to attracting microorganisms, these groups of phytohormones affect photosynthesis, bridge other phytohormones, induce metabolic compounds. In this article, we highlighted the brief information available on SLs as a phytohormone group regarding their common related effects. In addition, we reviewed the status and described the application of SLs and plant response to abiotic stresses. This allowed us to comprehend plants' communication with the ecological microbiome as well as the strategies plants use to survive under various stresses. Furthermore, we identify and classify the SLs that play a role in stress resistance since many ecological microbiomes are unexplained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabry Soliman
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tariq Pervaiz
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Ashraf El-kereamy
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Fan X, Li H, Guo Y, Sun H, Wang S, Qi Q, Jiang X, Wang Y, Xu X, Qiu C, Li W, Han Z. Integrated multi-omics analysis uncovers roles of mdm-miR164b-MdORE1 in strigolactone-mediated inhibition of adventitious root formation in apple. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3582-3603. [PMID: 36000454 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Apple is one of the most important fruit crops in temperate regions and largely relies on cutting propagation. Adventitious root formation is crucial for the success of cutting propagation. Strigolactones have been reported to function in rooting of woody plants. In this study, we determined that strigolactones have inhibitory effects on adventitious root formation in apple. Transcriptome analysis identified 12 051 differentially expressed genes over the course of adventitious root initiation, with functions related to organogenesis, cell wall biogenesis or plant development. Further analysis indicated that strigolactones might inhibit adventitious root formation through repressing two core hub genes, MdLAC3 and MdORE1. Combining small RNA and degradome sequencing, as well as dual-luciferase sensor assays, we identified and validated three negatively correlated miRNA-mRNA pairs, including mdm-miR397-MdLAC3 and mdm-miR164a/b-MdORE1. Overexpression of mdm-miR164b and silencing MdORE1 exhibited enhanced adventitious root formation in tobacco and apple, respectively. Finally, we verified the role of mdm-miR164b-MdORE1 in strigolactone-mediated repression of rooting ability. Overall, the identified comprehensive regulatory network in apple not only provides insight into strigolactone-mediated adventitious root formation in other woody plants, but also points to a potential strategy for genetic improvement of rooting capacity in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yushuang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haochen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changpeng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Kleman J, Matusova R. Strigolactones: Current research progress in the response of plants to abiotic stress. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Probing strigolactone perception mechanisms with rationally designed small-molecule agonists stimulating germination of root parasitic weeds. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3987. [PMID: 35810153 PMCID: PMC9271048 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31710-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of potent strigolactone (SL) agonists as suicidal germination inducers could be a useful strategy for controlling root parasitic weeds, but uncertainty about the SL perception mechanism impedes real progress. Here we describe small-molecule agonists that efficiently stimulate Phelipanchce aegyptiaca, and Striga hermonthica, germination in concentrations as low as 10−8 to 10−17 M. We show that full efficiency of synthetic SL agonists in triggering signaling through the Striga SL receptor, ShHTL7, depends on the receptor-catalyzed hydrolytic reaction of the agonists. Additionally, we reveal that the stereochemistry of synthetic SL analogs affects the hydrolytic ability of ShHTL7 by influencing the probability of the privileged conformations of ShHTL7. Importantly, an alternative ShHTL7-mediated hydrolysis mechanism, proceeding via nucleophilic attack of the NE2 atom of H246 to the 2′C of the D-ring, is reported. Together, our findings provide insight into SL hydrolysis and structure-perception mechanisms, and potent suicide germination stimulants, which would contribute to the elimination of the noxious parasitic weeds. Strigolactone agonists could potentially help control noxious weeds by promoting suicidal germination. Here the authors describe a series of small molecule agonists that stimulate germination via the Striga ShHTL7 receptor and show that stereochemistry and hydrolysis-independent signalling mediate potency.
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Prandi C, Kapulnik Y, Koltai H. Strigolactones: Phytohormones with Promising Biomedical Applications. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Prandi
- Department of Chemistry University of Turin via P.Giuria 7 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Yoram Kapulnik
- BARD (Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund) Rishon LeZion 7505101 Israel
| | - Hinanit Koltai
- Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Center Rishon Lezion Israel
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Strigolactones, from Plants to Human Health: Achievements and Challenges. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154579. [PMID: 34361731 PMCID: PMC8348160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of sesquiterpenoid plant hormones that play a role in the response of plants to various biotic and abiotic stresses. When released into the rhizosphere, they are perceived by both beneficial symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi and parasitic plants. Due to their multiple roles, SLs are potentially interesting agricultural targets. Indeed, the use of SLs as agrochemicals can favor sustainable agriculture via multiple mechanisms, including shaping root architecture, promoting ideal branching, stimulating nutrient assimilation, controlling parasitic weeds, mitigating drought and enhancing mycorrhization. Moreover, over the last few years, a number of studies have shed light onto the effects exerted by SLs on human cells and on their possible applications in medicine. For example, SLs have been demonstrated to play a key role in the control of pathways related to apoptosis and inflammation. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms behind their action has inspired further investigations into their effects on human cells and their possible uses as anti-cancer and antimicrobial agents.
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Li S, Li Y, Chen L, Zhang C, Wang F, Li H, Wang M, Wang Y, Nan F, Xie D, Yan J. Strigolactone mimic 2-nitrodebranone is highly active in Arabidopsis growth and development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:67-76. [PMID: 33860570 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones play crucial roles in regulating plant architecture and development, as endogenous hormones, and orchestrating symbiotic interactions with fungi and parasitic plants, as components of root exudates. rac-GR24 is currently the most widely used strigolactone analog and serves as a reference compound in investigating the action of strigolactones. In this study, we evaluated a suite of debranones and found that 2-nitrodebranone (2NOD) exhibited higher biological activity than rac-GR24 in various aspects of plant growth and development in Arabidopsis, including hypocotyl elongation inhibition, root hair promotion and senescence acceleration. The enhanced activity of 2NOD in promoting AtD14-SMXL7 and AtD14-MAX2 interactions indicates that the molecular structure of 2NOD is a better match for the ligand perception site pocket of D14. Moreover, 2NOD showed lower activity than rac-GR24 in promoting Orobanche cumana seed germination, suggesting its higher ability to control plant architecture than parasitic interactions. In combination with the improved stability of 2NOD, these results demonstrate that 2NOD is a strigolactone analog that can specifically mimic the activity of strigolactones and that 2NOD exhibits strong potential as a tool for studying the strigolactone signaling pathway in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhua Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Agricultural Synthetic Biology, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Linhai Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Agricultural Synthetic Biology, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | - Fei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haiou Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Yupei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fajun Nan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Daoxin Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianbin Yan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Agricultural Synthetic Biology, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
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Aliche EB, Screpanti C, De Mesmaeker A, Munnik T, Bouwmeester HJ. Science and application of strigolactones. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1001-1011. [PMID: 32067235 PMCID: PMC7384091 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) represent a class of plant hormones that regulate developmental processes and play a role in the response of plants to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Both in planta hormonal roles and ex planta signalling effects of SLs are potentially interesting agricultural targets. In this review, we explore various aspects of SL function and highlight distinct areas of agriculture that may benefit from the use of synthetic SL analogues, and we identify possible bottlenecks. Our objective is to identify where the contributions of science and stakeholders are still needed to achieve harnessing the benefits of SLs for a sustainable agriculture of the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest B. Aliche
- Plant Hormone BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 904Amsterdam1098 XHthe Netherlands
| | - Claudio Screpanti
- Chemical ResearchSyngenta Crop Protection AGSchaffhausenstrasse 101CH‐4332SteinSwitzerland
| | - Alain De Mesmaeker
- Chemical ResearchSyngenta Crop Protection AGSchaffhausenstrasse 101CH‐4332SteinSwitzerland
| | - Teun Munnik
- Plant Cell BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 904Amsterdam1098 XHthe Netherlands
| | - Harro J. Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 904Amsterdam1098 XHthe Netherlands
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Jamil M, Kountche BA, Wang JY, Haider I, Jia KP, Takahashi I, Ota T, Asami T, Al-Babili S. A New Series of Carlactonoic Acid Based Strigolactone Analogs for Fundamental and Applied Research. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:434. [PMID: 32373143 PMCID: PMC7179673 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a group of carotenoid derived plant hormones that play a key role in establishing plant architecture and adapting it to environmental changes, and are involved in plants response to biotic and abiotic stress. SLs are also released into the soil to serve as a chemical signal attracting beneficial mycorrhizal fungi. However, this signal also induces seed germination in root parasitic weeds that represent a major global threat for agriculture. This wide spectrum of biological functions has made SL research one of the most important current topics in fundamental and applied plant science. The availability of SLs is crucial for investigating SL biology as well as for agricultural application. However, natural SLs are produced in very low amounts, and their organic synthesis is quite difficult, which creates a need for efficient and easy-to-synthesize analogs and mimics. Recently, we have generated a set of SL analogs, Methyl Phenlactonoates (MPs), which resemble the non-canonical SL carlactonoic acid. In this paper, we describe the development and characterization of a new series of easy-to-synthesize MPs. The new analogs were assessed with respect to regulation of shoot branching, impact on leaf senescence, and induction of seed germination in different root parasitic plants species. Some of the new analogs showed higher efficiency in inhibiting shoot branching as well as in triggering parasitic seed germination, compared to the commonly used GR24. MP16 was the most outstanding analog showing high activity in different SL biological functions. In summary, our new analogs series contains very promising candidates for different applications, which include the usage in studies for understanding different aspects of SL biology as well as large scale field application for combating root parasitic weeds, such as Striga hermonthica that devastates cereal yields in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jamil
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environment Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Boubacar A. Kountche
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environment Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jian You Wang
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environment Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Haider
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environment Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kun-Peng Jia
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environment Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikuo Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ota
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environment Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Salim Al-Babili,
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Van Overtveldt M, Braem L, Struk S, Kaczmarek AM, Boyer FD, Van Deun R, Gevaert K, Goormachtig S, Heugebaert TSA, Stevens CV. Design and visualization of second-generation cyanoisoindole-based fluorescent strigolactone analogs. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 98:165-180. [PMID: 30552776 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a family of terpenoid allelochemicals that were recognized as plant hormones only a decade ago. They influence a myriad of both above- and below-ground developmental processes, and are an important survival strategy for plants in nutrient-deprived soils. A rapidly emerging approach to gain knowledge on hormone signaling is the use of traceable analogs. A unique class of labeled SL analogs was constructed, in which the original tricyclic lactone moiety of natural SLs is replaced by a fluorescent cyanoisoindole ring system. Biological evaluation as parasitic seed germination stimulant and hypocotyl elongation repressor proved the potency of the cyanoisoindole strigolactone analogs (CISAs) to be comparable to the commonly accepted standard GR24. Additionally, via a SMXL6 protein degradation assay, we provided molecular evidence that the compounds elicit SL-like responses through the natural signaling cascade. All CISAs were shown to exhibit fluorescent properties, and the high quantum yield and Stokes shift of the pyrroloindole derivative CISA-7 also enabled in vivo visualization in plants. In contrast to the previously reported fluorescent analogs, CISA-7 displays a large similarity in shape and structure with natural SLs, which renders the analog a promising tracer to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of SLs in plants and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Van Overtveldt
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Campus Coupure, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lukas Braem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylwia Struk
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna M Kaczmarek
- Luminescent Lanthanide Lab, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 - S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles, France
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rik Van Deun
- Luminescent Lanthanide Lab, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 - S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas S A Heugebaert
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Campus Coupure, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian V Stevens
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Campus Coupure, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Hagihara S, Yamada R, Itami K, Torii KU. Dissecting plant hormone signaling with synthetic molecules: perspective from the chemists. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 47:32-37. [PMID: 30248557 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic molecules can be powerful tools to overcome the limitations of the biological approaches. Especially redundancy, lethality, and intractability of the target genes, which often hamper the progress of plant science, could be bypassed by elaborately designed small molecules. In this review, we discuss how synthetic chemistry can contribute to increasing our understanding of plant hormone signaling. Specific focus will be on the visualization and hijacking of hormone signaling with novel synthetic chemicals, with emphasis on perception of ABA, strigolactones, and auxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Hagihara
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; PRESTO, JST, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Japan.
| | - Ryotaro Yamada
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA; Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA.
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15
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Hýlová A, Pospíšil T, Spíchal L, Mateman JJ, Blanco-Ania D, Zwanenburg B. New hybrid type strigolactone mimics derived from plant growth regulator auxin. N Biotechnol 2019; 48:76-82. [PMID: 30077756 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) constitute a new class of plant hormones of increasing importance in plant science. The structure of natural SLs is too complex for ready access by synthesis. Therefore, much attention is being given to design of SL analogues and mimics with a simpler structure but with retention of bioactivity. Here new hybrid type SL mimics have been designed derived from auxins, the common plant growth regulators. Auxins were simply coupled with the butenolide D-ring using bromo (or chloro) butenolide. D-rings having an extra methyl group at the vicinal C-3' carbon atom, or at the C-2' carbon atom, or at both have also been studied. The new hybrid type SL mimics were bioassayed for germination activity of seeds of the parasitic weeds S. hermonthica, O. minor and P. ramosa using the classical method of counting germinated seeds and a colorimetric method. For comparison SL mimics derived from phenyl acetic acid were also investigated. The bioassays revealed that mimics with a normal D-ring had appreciable to good activity, those with an extra methyl group at C-2' were also appreciably active, whereas those with a methyl group in the vicinal C-3' position were inactive (S. hermonthica) or only slightly active. The new hybrid type mimics may be attractive as potential suicidal germination agents in agronomic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adéla Hýlová
- Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Šlechtitelů 241/27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Pospíšil
- Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Šlechtitelů 241/27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Šlechtitelů 241/27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jurgen J Mateman
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Cluster of Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalsweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Blanco-Ania
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Cluster of Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalsweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Binne Zwanenburg
- Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Šlechtitelů 241/27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Cluster of Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalsweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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16
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Geisler M. Seeing is better than believing: visualization of membrane transport in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 46:104-112. [PMID: 30253307 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the plant transport field has shifted their research focus toward a more integrative investigation of transport networks thought to provide the basis for long-range transport routes. Substantial progress was provided by of a series of elegant techniques that allow for a visualization or prediction of substrate movements in plant tissues in contrast to established quantitative methods offering low spatial resolution. These methods are critically evaluated in respect to their spatio-temporal resolution, invasiveness, dynamics and overall quality. Current limitations of transport route predictions-based on transporter locations and transport modeling are addressed. Finally, the potential of new tools that have not yet been fully implemented into plant research is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Geisler
- University of Fribourg, Department of Biology, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Kameoka H, Kyozuka J. Spatial regulation of strigolactone function. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2255-2264. [PMID: 29300937 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are plant hormones that control many aspects of plant development and environmental responses. Despite recent and rapid progress in the biochemical and molecular understanding of strigolactone biosynthesis, transport, and signaling, our knowledge about where strigolactones are produced and where they act is fragmented. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about these aspects of strigolactones, obtained from mutant phenotypes, grafting experiments, gene expression patterns, and protein localization studies. We also discuss the potential of new imaging technologies to reveal the spatial regulation of strigolactone function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Kameoka
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Jamil M, Kountche BA, Haider I, Guo X, Ntui VO, Jia KP, Ali S, Hameed US, Nakamura H, Lyu Y, Jiang K, Hirabayashi K, Tanokura M, Arold ST, Asami T, Al-Babili S. Methyl phenlactonoates are efficient strigolactone analogs with simple structure. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2319-2331. [PMID: 29300919 PMCID: PMC5913645 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a new class of phytohormones that also act as germination stimulants for root parasitic plants, such as Striga spp., and as branching factors for symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Sources for natural SLs are very limited. Hence, efficient and simple SL analogs are needed for elucidating SL-related biological processes as well as for agricultural applications. Based on the structure of the non-canonical SL methyl carlactonoate, we developed a new, easy to synthesize series of analogs, termed methyl phenlactonoates (MPs), evaluated their efficacy in exerting different SL functions, and determined their affinity for SL receptors from rice and Striga hermonthica. Most of the MPs showed considerable activity in regulating plant architecture, triggering leaf senescence, and inducing parasitic seed germination. Moreover, some MPs outperformed GR24, a widely used SL analog with a complex structure, in exerting particular SL functions, such as modulating Arabidopsis roots architecture and inhibiting rice tillering. Thus, MPs will help in elucidating the functions of SLs and are promising candidates for agricultural applications. Moreover, MPs demonstrate that slight structural modifications clearly impact the efficiency in exerting particular SL functions, indicating that structural diversity of natural SLs may mirror a functional specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jamil
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Boubacar A Kountche
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Haider
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiujie Guo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valentine O Ntui
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kun-Peng Jia
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shawkat Ali
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umar S Hameed
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Computational Bioscience Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hidemitsu Nakamura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ying Lyu
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kai Jiang
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Hirabayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefan T Arold
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Computational Bioscience Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Zwanenburg B, Blanco-Ania D. Strigolactones: new plant hormones in the spotlight. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2205-2218. [PMID: 29385517 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The development and growth of plants are regulated by interplay of a plethora of complex chemical reactions in which plant hormones play a pivotal role. In recent years, a group of new plant hormones, namely strigolactones (SLs), was discovered and identified. The first SL, strigol, was isolated in 1966, but it took almost 20 years before the details of its structure were fully elucidated. At present, two families of SLs are known, one having the stereochemistry of (+)-strigol and the other that of (-)-orobanchol, the most abundant naturally occurring SL. The most well-known bioproperty of SLs is the germination of seeds of the parasitic weeds Striga and Orobanche. It is evident that SLs are going to play a prominent role in modern molecular botany. In this review, relevant molecular and bioproperties of SLs are discussed. Items of importance are the effect of stereochemistry, structure-activity relationships, design and synthesis of analogues with a simple structure, but with retention of bioactivity, introduction of fluorescent labels into SLs, biosynthetic origin of SLs, mode of action in plants, application in agriculture for the control of parasitic weeds, stimulation of the branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and the control of plant architecture. The future potential of SLs in molecular botany is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binne Zwanenburg
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Cluster of Organic Chemistry, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Blanco-Ania
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Cluster of Organic Chemistry, The Netherlands
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20
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Halouzka R, Tarkowski P, Zwanenburg B, Ćavar Zeljković S. Stability of strigolactone analog GR24 toward nucleophiles. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:896-904. [PMID: 29095562 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that play various roles in plant development. The chemical stability of SLs depends on the solvent, the pH, and the presence of nucleophiles. Hydrolysis leads to detachment of the butenolide ring, and plays a crucial role in the initial stages of the signal-transduction process occurring between the receptor and the SL signaling molecule. RESULTS To date, two different mechanisms have been proposed for SL hydrolysis. Results obtained from kinetic, thermodynamic, and mass spectral data for the reaction between the widely used synthetic SL analog GR24 and seven different nucleophiles demonstrate that the reaction proceeds via the Michael addition-elimination mechanism. CONCLUSION This study provides valuable information on the chemical stability of GR24 in different plant growth media and buffers. Such information is valuable for scientists using GR24 treatments to study SL-regulated processes in plants. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostislav Halouzka
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Central Laboratories and Research Support, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tarkowski
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Central Laboratories and Research Support, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Binne Zwanenburg
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanja Ćavar Zeljković
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Central Laboratories and Research Support, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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21
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Dvorakova M, Soudek P, Vanek T. Triazolide Strigolactone Mimics Influence Root Development in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:1318-1327. [PMID: 28422493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are the most recently recognized class of phytohormones, which are also known to establish plant symbiosis with arbuscular mycorhizal fungi or induce germination of parasitic plants. Their relatively complex structures and low stability urgently calls for simple derivatives with maintained biological function. We have prepared a series of triazolide strigolactone mimics and studied their ability to affect root development of Arabidopsis thaliana. The strigolactone mimics significantly induced root elongation and lateral root formation while resembling the effect of the reference compound GR24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Dvorakova
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i., Rozvojova 263, Prague 6 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Soudek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i., Rozvojova 263, Prague 6 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vanek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i., Rozvojova 263, Prague 6 16502, Czech Republic
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22
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Abstract
Strigolactones are a structurally diverse class of plant hormones that control many aspects of shoot and root growth. Strigolactones are also exuded by plants into the rhizosphere, where they promote symbiotic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and germination of root parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae family. Therefore, understanding how strigolactones are made, transported, and perceived may lead to agricultural innovations as well as a deeper knowledge of how plants function. Substantial progress has been made in these areas over the past decade. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms, core developmental roles, and evolutionary history of strigolactone signaling. We also propose potential translational applications of strigolactone research to agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia;
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Genetics, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany;
| | - Tom Bennett
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521;
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23
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Lace B, Prandi C. Shaping Small Bioactive Molecules to Untangle Their Biological Function: A Focus on Fluorescent Plant Hormones. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1099-1118. [PMID: 27378726 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Modern biology overlaps with chemistry in explaining the structure and function of all cellular processes at the molecular level. Plant hormone research is perfectly located at the interface between these two disciplines, taking advantage of synthetic and computational chemistry as a tool to decipher the complex biological mechanisms regulating the action of plant hormones. These small signaling molecules regulate a wide range of developmental processes, adapting plant growth to ever changing environmental conditions. The synthesis of small bioactive molecules mimicking the activity of endogenous hormones allows us to unveil many molecular features of their functioning, giving rise to a new field, plant chemical biology. In this framework, fluorescence labeling of plant hormones is emerging as a successful strategy to track the fate of these challenging molecules inside living organisms. Thanks to the increasing availability of new fluorescent probes as well as advanced and innovative imaging technologies, we are now in a position to investigate many of the dynamic mechanisms through which plant hormones exert their action. Such a deep and detailed comprehension is mandatory for the development of new green technologies for practical applications. In this review, we summarize the results obtained so far concerning the fluorescent labeling of plant hormones, highlighting the basic steps leading to the design and synthesis of these compelling molecular tools and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Lace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Cristina Prandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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24
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Walton A, Stes E, Goeminne G, Braem L, Vuylsteke M, Matthys C, De Cuyper C, Staes A, Vandenbussche J, Boyer FD, Vanholme R, Fromentin J, Boerjan W, Gevaert K, Goormachtig S. The Response of the Root Proteome to the Synthetic Strigolactone GR24 in Arabidopsis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2744-55. [PMID: 27317401 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.050062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones are plant metabolites that act as phytohormones and rhizosphere signals. Whereas most research on unraveling the action mechanisms of strigolactones is focused on plant shoots, we investigated proteome adaptation during strigolactone signaling in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Through large-scale, time-resolved, and quantitative proteomics, the impact of the strigolactone analog rac-GR24 was elucidated on the root proteome of the wild type and the signaling mutant more axillary growth 2 (max2). Our study revealed a clear MAX2-dependent rac-GR24 response: an increase in abundance of enzymes involved in flavonol biosynthesis, which was reduced in the max2-1 mutant. Mass spectrometry-driven metabolite profiling and thin-layer chromatography experiments demonstrated that these changes in protein expression lead to the accumulation of specific flavonols. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the flavonol-related protein expression profile was caused by rac-GR24-induced changes in transcript levels of the corresponding genes. This induction of flavonol production was shown to be activated by the two pure enantiomers that together make up rac-GR24. Finally, our data provide much needed clues concerning the multiple roles played by MAX2 in the roots and a comprehensive view of the rac-GR24-induced response in the root proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Walton
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; ¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Stes
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; ¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Goeminne
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lukas Braem
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Cedrick Matthys
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carolien De Cuyper
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Staes
- ¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Vandenbussche
- ¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- ‡‡Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, 78026 Versailles, France; §§AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, 78026 Versailles, France; ¶¶Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Unité Propre de Recherche 2301, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Justine Fromentin
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; ‖‖Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; and Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Wout Boerjan
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- ¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
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Zwanenburg B, Pospíšil T, Ćavar Zeljković S. Strigolactones: new plant hormones in action. PLANTA 2016; 243:1311-26. [PMID: 26838034 PMCID: PMC4875949 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The key step in the mode of action of strigolactones is the enzymatic detachment of the D-ring. The thus formed hydroxy butenolide induces conformational changes of the receptor pocket which trigger a cascade of reactions in the signal transduction. Strigolactones (SLs) constitute a new class of plant hormones which are of increasing importance in plant science. For the last 60 years, they have been known as germination stimulants for parasitic plants. Recently, several new bio-properties of SLs have been discovered such as the branching factor for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, regulation of plant architecture (inhibition of bud outgrowth and of shoot branching) and the response to abiotic factors, etc. To broaden horizons and encourage new ideas for identifying and synthesising new and structurally simple SLs, this review is focused on molecular aspects of this new class of plant hormones. Special attention has been given to structural features, the mode of action of these phytohormones in various biological actions, the design of SL analogs and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binne Zwanenburg
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Pospíšil
- Department of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sanja Ćavar Zeljković
- Central Laboratories and Research Support, Faculty of Science, Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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26
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Abstract
The key step in the mode of action of strigolactones is the enzymatic detachment of the D-ring. The thus formed hydroxy butenolide induces conformational changes of the receptor pocket which trigger a cascade of reactions in the signal transduction. Strigolactones (SLs) constitute a new class of plant hormones which are of increasing importance in plant science. For the last 60 years, they have been known as germination stimulants for parasitic plants. Recently, several new bio-properties of SLs have been discovered such as the branching factor for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, regulation of plant architecture (inhibition of bud outgrowth and of shoot branching) and the response to abiotic factors, etc. To broaden horizons and encourage new ideas for identifying and synthesising new and structurally simple SLs, this review is focused on molecular aspects of this new class of plant hormones. Special attention has been given to structural features, the mode of action of these phytohormones in various biological actions, the design of SL analogs and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binne Zwanenburg
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Pospíšil
- Department of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sanja Ćavar Zeljković
- Central Laboratories and Research Support, Faculty of Science, Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Wallner ES, López-Salmerón V, Greb T. Strigolactone versus gibberellin signaling: reemerging concepts? PLANTA 2016; 243:1339-50. [PMID: 26898553 PMCID: PMC4875939 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION In this review, we compare knowledge about the recently discovered strigolactone signaling pathway and the well established gibberellin signaling pathway to identify gaps of knowledge and putative research directions in strigolactone biology. Communication between and inside cells is integral for the vitality of living organisms. Hormonal signaling cascades form a large part of this communication and an understanding of both their complexity and interactive nature is only beginning to emerge. In plants, the strigolactone (SL) signaling pathway is the most recent addition to the classically acting group of hormones and, although fundamental insights have been made, knowledge about the nature and impact of SL signaling is still cursory. This narrow understanding is in spite of the fact that SLs influence a specific spectrum of processes, which includes shoot branching and root system architecture in response, partly, to environmental stimuli. This makes these hormones ideal tools for understanding the coordination of plant growth processes, mechanisms of long-distance communication and developmental plasticity. Here, we summarize current knowledge about SL signaling and employ the well-characterized gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway as a scaffold to highlight emerging features as well as gaps in our knowledge in this context. GA signaling is particularly suitable for this comparison because both signaling cascades share key features of hormone perception and of immediate downstream events. Therefore, our comparative view demonstrates the possible level of complexity and regulatory interfaces of SL signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Sophie Wallner
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vadir López-Salmerón
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Greb
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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28
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Matthys C, Walton A, Struk S, Stes E, Boyer FD, Gevaert K, Goormachtig S. The Whats, the Wheres and the Hows of strigolactone action in the roots. PLANTA 2016; 243:1327-37. [PMID: 26895337 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones control various aspects of plant development, including root architecture. Here, we review how strigolactones act in the root and survey the strigolactone specificity of signaling components that affect root development. Strigolactones are a group of secondary metabolites produced in plants that have been assigned multiple roles, of which the most recent is hormonal activity. Over the last decade, these compounds have been shown to regulate various aspects of plant development, such as shoot branching and leaf senescence, but a growing body of literature suggests that these hormones play an equally important role in the root. In this review, we present all known root phenotypes linked to strigolactones. We examine the expression and presence of the main players in biosynthesis and signaling of these hormones and bring together the available information that allows us to explain how strigolactones act to modulate the root system architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedrick Matthys
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alan Walton
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylwia Struk
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Stes
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Unité Propre de Recherche 2301, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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29
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Nemhauser JL, Torii KU. Plant synthetic biology for molecular engineering of signalling and development. NATURE PLANTS 2016; 2:16010. [PMID: 27249346 PMCID: PMC5164986 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular genetic studies of model plants in the past few decades have identified many key genes and pathways controlling development, metabolism and environmental responses. Recent technological and informatics advances have led to unprecedented volumes of data that may uncover underlying principles of plants as biological systems. The newly emerged discipline of synthetic biology and related molecular engineering approaches is built on this strong foundation. Today, plant regulatory pathways can be reconstituted in heterologous organisms to identify and manipulate parameters influencing signalling outputs. Moreover, regulatory circuits that include receptors, ligands, signal transduction components, epigenetic machinery and molecular motors can be engineered and introduced into plants to create novel traits in a predictive manner. Here, we provide a brief history of plant synthetic biology and significant recent examples of this approach, focusing on how knowledge generated by the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana has contributed to the rapid rise of this new discipline, and discuss potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Institute of Transformative Biomolecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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30
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Tang N, San Clemente H, Roy S, Bécard G, Zhao B, Roux C. A Survey of the Gene Repertoire of Gigaspora rosea Unravels Conserved Features among Glomeromycota for Obligate Biotrophy. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:233. [PMID: 26973612 PMCID: PMC4771724 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are a diverse group of soil fungi (Glomeromycota) that form the most ancient mutualistic association termed AM symbiosis with a majority of land plants, improving their nutrition uptake and resistance to stresses. In contrast to their great ecological implications, the knowledge of the molecular biological mechanisms involved is still scant, partly due to the limited genomic resources available. Here, we describe the gene repertoire of a new AM fungus Gigaspora rosea (Diversisporales). Among the 86332 non-redundant virtual transcripts assembled, 15346 presented similarities with proteins in the Refseq database and 10175 were assigned with GO terms. KOG and Interpro domain annotations clearly showed an enrichment of genes involved in signal transduction in G. rosea. KEGG pathway analysis indicates that most primary metabolic processes are active in G. rosea. However, as for Rhizophagus irregularis, several metabolic genes were not found, including the fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene. This finding supports the hypothesis that AM fungi depend on the lipids produced by their hosts. Furthermore, the presence of a large number of transporters and 100s of secreted proteins, together with the reduced number of plant cell wall degrading enzymes could be interpreted as an evolutionary adaptation to its mutualistic obligate biotrophy. The detection of meiosis-related genes suggests that G. rosea might use a cryptic sexual process. Lastly, a phylogeny of basal fungi clearly shows Glomeromycota as a sister clade to Mucoromycotina, not only to the Mucorales or Mortierellales. The characterization of the gene repertoire from an AM fungal species belonging to the order of Diversisporales and its comparison with the gene sets of R. irregularis (Glomerales) and Gigaspora margarita (Diversisporales), reveal that AM fungi share several features linked to mutualistic obligate biotrophy. This work contributes to lay the foundation for forthcoming studies into the genomics of Diversisporales, and also illuminates the utility of comparing gene repertoires of species from Diversisporales and other clades of Glomeromycota to gain more insights into the genetics and evolution of this fungal group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianwu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR, Université Paul Sabatier – Université de ToulouseCastanet Tolosan, France
| | - Hélène San Clemente
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR, Université Paul Sabatier – Université de ToulouseCastanet Tolosan, France
| | - Sébastien Roy
- AGRONUTRITION Laboratoire de BiotechnologiesToulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Bécard
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR, Université Paul Sabatier – Université de ToulouseCastanet Tolosan, France
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Christophe Roux
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR, Université Paul Sabatier – Université de ToulouseCastanet Tolosan, France
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31
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Jiang L, Matthys C, Marquez-Garcia B, De Cuyper C, Smet L, De Keyser A, Boyer FD, Beeckman T, Depuydt S, Goormachtig S. Strigolactones spatially influence lateral root development through the cytokinin signaling network. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:379-89. [PMID: 26519957 PMCID: PMC4682444 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are important rhizosphere signals that act as phytohormones and have multiple functions, including modulation of lateral root (LR) development. Here, we show that treatment with the strigolactone analog GR24 did not affect LR initiation, but negatively influenced LR priming and emergence, the latter especially near the root-shoot junction. The cytokinin module ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE3 (AHK3)/ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR1 (ARR1)/ARR12 was found to interact with the GR24-dependent reduction in LR development, because mutants in this pathway rendered LR development insensitive to GR24. Additionally, pharmacological analyses, mutant analyses, and gene expression analyses indicated that the affected polar auxin transport stream in mutants of the AHK3/ARR1/ARR12 module could be the underlying cause. Altogether, the data reveal that the GR24 effect on LR development depends on the hormonal landscape that results from the intimate connection with auxins and cytokinins, two main players in LR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiang Jiang
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Cedrick Matthys
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Belen Marquez-Garcia
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Carolien De Cuyper
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Lien Smet
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Annick De Keyser
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Unité Propre de Recherche 2301, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Stephen Depuydt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
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32
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Zwanenburg B, Ćavar Zeljković S, Pospíšil T. Synthesis of strigolactones, a strategic account. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:15-29. [PMID: 26304779 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) constitute a new class of plant hormones that have received growing interest in recent years. They firstly became known as signalling molecules for host recognition by parasitic plants, and for symbiosis of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Furthermore, they are involved in numerous physiological processes in plants, such as the regulation of plant architecture and the response to abiotic factors. SLs are produced by plants in extremely low quantities, and they may be unstable during the purification process. Therefore, their total synthesis is highly relevant for confirming the structures assigned on the basis of spectroscopic and other physical data. A second important theme in SL research is the design and synthesis of SL analogues that have a simplified structure while still featuring the essential bioproperties. This review summarises the strategy and synthesis of naturally occurring SLs, and the design and synthesis of SL analogues with appreciable bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binne Zwanenburg
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Cluster of Organic Chemistry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Palacky University, Faculty of Science, Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Growth Regulators, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sanja Ćavar Zeljković
- Palacky University, Faculty of Science, Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Central Laboratories and Research Support, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Pospíšil
- Palacky University, Faculty of Science, Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Growth Regulators, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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33
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Goossens H, Heugebaert TSA, Dereli B, Van Overtveldt M, Karahan O, Dogan I, Waroquier M, Van Speybroeck V, Aviyente V, Catak S, Stevens CV. Elucidating the Structural Isomerism of Fluorescent Strigolactone Analogue CISA-1. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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Dejonghe W, Mishev K, Russinova E. The brassinosteroid chemical toolbox. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 22:48-55. [PMID: 25282585 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemical biology approaches have been instrumental in understanding the mode of action of brassinosteroids, a group of plant steroid hormones essential for plant development and growth. The small molecules used for such approaches include inhibitors of biosynthetic enzymes and signaling components. Additionally, recent structural data on the brassinosteroid receptor complex together with its ligand brassinolide, the most active brassinosteroid, and knowledge on its different analogs have given us a better view on the recognition of the hormone and signaling initiation. Moreover, a fluorescently labeled brassinosteroid enabled the visualization of the receptor-ligand pair in the cell. Given the insights obtained, small molecules will continue to provide new opportunities for probing brassinosteroid biosynthesis and for unraveling the dynamic and highly interconnected signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Dejonghe
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kiril Mishev
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Eugenia Russinova
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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35
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Verstraeten I, Schotte S, Geelen D. Hypocotyl adventitious root organogenesis differs from lateral root development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:495. [PMID: 25324849 PMCID: PMC4179338 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Wound-induced adventitious root (AR) formation is a requirement for plant survival upon root damage inflicted by pathogen attack, but also during the regeneration of plant stem cuttings for clonal propagation of elite plant varieties. Yet, adventitious rooting also takes place without wounding. This happens for example in etiolated Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls, in which AR initiate upon de-etiolation or in tomato seedlings, in which AR initiate upon flooding or high water availability. In the hypocotyl AR originate from a cell layer reminiscent to the pericycle in the primary root (PR) and the initiated AR share histological and developmental characteristics with lateral roots (LRs). In contrast to the PR however, the hypocotyl is a determinate structure with an established final number of cells. This points to differences between the induction of hypocotyl AR and LR on the PR, as the latter grows indeterminately. The induction of AR on the hypocotyl takes place in environmental conditions that differ from those that control LR formation. Hence, AR formation depends on differentially regulated gene products. Similarly to AR induction in stem cuttings, the capacity to induce hypocotyl AR is genotype-dependent and the plant growth regulator auxin is a key regulator controlling the rooting response. The hormones cytokinins, ethylene, jasmonic acid, and strigolactones in general reduce the root-inducing capacity. The involvement of this many regulators indicates that a tight control and fine-tuning of the initiation and emergence of AR exists. Recently, several genetic factors, specific to hypocotyl adventitious rooting in A. thaliana, have been uncovered. These factors reveal a dedicated signaling network that drives AR formation in the Arabidopsis hypocotyl. Here we provide an overview of the environmental and genetic factors controlling hypocotyl-born AR and we summarize how AR formation and the regulating factors of this organogenesis are distinct from LR induction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
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36
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Auxin transport sites are visualized in planta using fluorescent auxin analogs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:11557-62. [PMID: 25049419 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1408960111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin is a key morphogenetic signal that controls many aspects of plant growth and development. Cellular auxin levels are coordinately regulated by multiple processes, including auxin biosynthesis and the polar transport and metabolic pathways. The auxin concentration gradient determines plant organ positioning and growth responses to environmental cues. Auxin transport systems play crucial roles in the spatiotemporal regulation of the auxin gradient. This auxin gradient has been analyzed using SCF-type E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex-based auxin biosensors in synthetic auxin-responsive reporter lines. However, the contributions of auxin biosynthesis and metabolism to the auxin gradient have been largely elusive. Additionally, the available information on subcellular auxin localization is still limited. Here we designed fluorescently labeled auxin analogs that remain active for auxin transport but are inactive for auxin signaling and metabolism. Fluorescent auxin analogs enable the selective visualization of the distribution of auxin by the auxin transport system. Together with auxin biosynthesis inhibitors and an auxin biosensor, these analogs indicated a substantial contribution of local auxin biosynthesis to the formation of auxin maxima at the root apex. Moreover, fluorescent auxin analogs mainly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum in cultured cells and roots, implying the presence of a subcellular auxin gradient in the cells. Our work not only provides a useful tool for the plant chemical biology field but also demonstrates a new strategy for imaging the distribution of small-molecule hormones.
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Hoffmann B, Proust H, Belcram K, Labrune C, Boyer FD, Rameau C, Bonhomme S. Strigolactones inhibit caulonema elongation and cell division in the moss Physcomitrella patens. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99206. [PMID: 24911649 PMCID: PMC4049778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vascular plants, strigolactones (SLs) are known for their hormonal role and for their role as signal molecules in the rhizosphere. SLs are also produced by the moss Physcomitrella patens, in which they act as signaling factors for controlling filament extension and possibly interaction with neighboring individuals. To gain a better understanding of SL action at the cellular level, we investigated the effect of exogenously added molecules (SLs or analogs) in moss growth media. We used the previously characterized Ppccd8 mutant that is deficient in SL synthesis and showed that SLs affect moss protonema extension by reducing caulonema cell elongation and mainly cell division rate, both in light and dark conditions. Based on this effect, we set up bioassays to examine chemical structure requirements for SL activity in moss. The results suggest that compounds GR24, GR5, and 5-deoxystrigol are active in moss (as in pea), while other analogs that are highly active in the control of pea branching show little activity in moss. Interestingly, the karrikinolide KAR1, which shares molecular features with SLs, did not have any effect on filament growth, even though the moss genome contains several genes homologous to KAI2 (encoding the KAR1 receptor) and no canonical homologue to D14 (encoding the SL receptor). Further studies should investigate whether SL signaling pathways have been conserved during land plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Hoffmann
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Versailles, France,
| | - Hélène Proust
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Versailles, France,
| | - Katia Belcram
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Versailles, France,
| | - Cécile Labrune
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Versailles, France,
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Versailles, France,
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR2301 CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Catherine Rameau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Versailles, France,
| | - Sandrine Bonhomme
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Versailles, France,
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Debrouwer W, Heugebaert TSA, Stevens CV. Preparation of Tetrasubstituted 3-Phosphonopyrroles through Hydroamination: Scope and Limitations. J Org Chem 2014; 79:4322-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500139z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Debrouwer
- SynBioC Research Group, Department
of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience
Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Thomas S. A. Heugebaert
- SynBioC Research Group, Department
of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience
Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Christian V. Stevens
- SynBioC Research Group, Department
of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience
Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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Boyer FD, de Saint Germain A, Pouvreau JB, Clavé G, Pillot JP, Roux A, Rasmussen A, Depuydt S, Lauressergues D, Frei Dit Frey N, Heugebaert TSA, Stevens CV, Geelen D, Goormachtig S, Rameau C. New strigolactone analogs as plant hormones with low activities in the rhizosphere. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:675-90. [PMID: 24249726 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are known not only as plant hormones, but also as rhizosphere signals for establishing symbiotic and parasitic interactions. The design of new specific SL analogs is a challenging goal in understanding the basic plant biology and is also useful to control plant architectures without favoring the development of parasitic plants. Two different molecules (23 (3'-methyl-GR24), 31 (thia-3'-methyl-debranone-like molecule)) already described, and a new one (AR36), for which the synthesis is presented, are biologically compared with the well-known GR24 and the recently identified CISA-1. These different structures emphasize the wide range of parts attached to the D-ring for the bioactivity as a plant hormone. These new compounds possess a common dimethylbutenolide motif but their structure varies in the ABC part of the molecules: 23 has the same ABC part as GR24, while 31 and AR36 carry, respectively, an aromatic ring and an acyclic carbon chain. Detailed information is given for the bioactivity of such derivatives in strigolactone synthesis or in perception mutant plants (pea rms1 and rms4, Arabidopsis max2 and, max4) for different hormonal functions along with their action in the rhizosphere on arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal growth and parasitic weed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Didier Boyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Route de Saint-Cyr (RD 10), F-78026 Versailles Cedex, France
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40
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Marquez-Garcia B, Njo M, Beeckman T, Goormachtig S, Foyer CH. A new role for glutathione in the regulation of root architecture linked to strigolactones. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:488-98. [PMID: 23906110 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Reduced glutathione (GSH) is required for root development, but its functions are not characterized. The effects of GSH depletion on root development were therefore studied in relation to auxin and strigolactone (SL) signalling using a combination of molecular genetic approaches and pharmacological techniques. Lateral root (LR) density was significantly decreased in GSH synthesis mutants (cad2-1, pad2-, rax1-), but not by the GSH synthesis inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). BSO-induced GSH depletion therefore did not influence root architecture in the same way as genetic impairment. Root glutathione contents were similar in the wild-type seedlings and max3-9 and max4-1 mutants that are deficient in SL synthesis and in the SL-signalling mutant, max2-1. BSO-dependent inhibition of GSH synthesis depleted the tissue GSH pool to a similar extent in the wild-type and SL synthesis mutants, with no effect on LR density. The application of the SL analogue GR24 increased root glutathione in the wild-type, max3-9 and max4-1 seedlings, but this increase was absent from max2-1. Taken together, these data establish a link between SLs and the GSH pool that occurs in a MAX2-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Marquez-Garcia
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent University, 9052, Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Gent, Belgium
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41
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Rigal A, Ma Q, Robert S. Unraveling plant hormone signaling through the use of small molecules. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:373. [PMID: 25126092 PMCID: PMC4115670 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants have acquired the capacity to grow continuously and adjust their morphology in response to endogenous and external signals, leading to a high architectural plasticity. The dynamic and differential distribution of phytohormones is an essential factor in these developmental changes. Phytohormone perception is a fast but complex process modulating specific developmental reprogramming. In recent years, chemical genomics or the use of small molecules to modulate target protein function has emerged as a powerful strategy to study complex biological processes in plants such as hormone signaling. Small molecules can be applied in a conditional, dose-dependent and reversible manner, with the advantage of circumventing the limitations of lethality and functional redundancy inherent to traditional mutant screens. High-throughput screening of diverse chemical libraries has led to the identification of bioactive molecules able to induce plant hormone-related phenotypes. Characterization of the cognate targets and pathways of those molecules has allowed the identification of novel regulatory components, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms of plant hormone signaling. An extensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis of the natural phytohormones, their designed synthetic analogs and newly identified bioactive molecules has led to the determination of the structural requirements essential for their bioactivity. In this review, we will summarize the so far identified small molecules and their structural variants targeting specific phytohormone signaling pathways. We will highlight how the SAR analyses have enabled better interrogation of the molecular mechanisms of phytohormone responses. Finally, we will discuss how labeled/tagged hormone analogs can be exploited, as compelling tools to better understand hormone signaling and transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stéphanie Robert
- *Correspondence: Stéphanie Robert, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden e-mail:
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42
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de Saint Germain A, Bonhomme S, Boyer FD, Rameau C. Novel insights into strigolactone distribution and signalling. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 16:583-9. [PMID: 23830996 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), a group of small carotenoid-derived molecules, were first known for their function in the rhizosphere in both symbiotic and parasitic interactions. Most of the progress for deciphering SL biosynthesis and signalling pathways comes from the use of high branching mutants identified in several species demonstrating that SLs also play a hormonal role in plant development. How SLs are perceived by the different organisms on which they show bioactivity is a current major challenge for the growing SL research community. These molecules very likely predate the colonization of land by plants and represent a fascinating example of signalling molecules involved in key innovations during plant evolution.
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43
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Prandi C, Rosso H, Lace B, Occhiato EG, Oppedisano A, Tabasso S, Alberto G, Blangetti M. Strigolactone analogs as molecular probes in chasing the (SLs) receptor/s: design and synthesis of fluorescent labeled molecules. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013. [PMID: 23180673 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sss133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Originally identified as allelochemicals involved in plant-parasite interactions, more recently, Strigolactones (SLs) have been shown to play multiple key roles in the rhizosphere communication between plants and mycorrhizal fungi. Even more recent is the hormonal role ascribed to SLs which broadens the biological impact of these relatively simple molecules. In spite of the crucial and multifaceted biological role of SLs, there are no data on the receptor(s) which bind(s) such active molecules, neither in the producing plants nor in parasitic weeds or AM fungi. Information about the putative receptor of SLs can be gathered by means of structural, molecular, and genetic approaches. Our contribution on this topic is the design and synthesis of fluorescent labeled SL analogs to be used as probes for the detection in vivo of the receptor(s). Knowledge of the putative receptor structure will boost the research on analogs of the natural substrates as required for agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Prandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica-Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10127 Torino, Italy.
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Zwanenburg B, Pospísil T. Structure and activity of strigolactones: new plant hormones with a rich future. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013. [PMID: 23204499 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sss141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) constitute a new class of plant hormones which are active as germination stimulants for seeds of parasitic weeds of Striga, Orobanche, and Pelipanchi spp, in hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and as inhibitors of shoot branching. In this review, the focus is on molecular features of these SLs. The occurrence of SLs in root exudates of host plants is described. The naming protocol for SL according to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) rules and the 'at a glance' method is explained. The total synthesis of some natural SLs is described with details for all eight stereoisomers of strigol. The problems encountered with assigning the correct structure of natural SLs are analyzed for orobanchol, alectrol, and solanacol. The structure-activity relationship of SLs as germination stimulants leads to the identification of the bioactiphore of SLs. Together with a tentative mechanism for the mode of action, a model has been derived that can be used to design and prepare active SL analogs. This working model has been used for the preparation of a series of new SL analogs such as Nijmegen-1, and analogs derived from simple ketones, keto enols, and saccharine. The serendipitous finding of SL mimics which are derived from the D-ring in SLs (appropriately substituted butenolides) is reported. For SL mimics, a mode of action is proposed as well. Recent new results support this proposal. The stability of SLs and SL analogs towards hydrolysis is described and some details of the mechanism of hydrolysis are discussed as well. The attempted isolation of the protein receptor for germination and the current status concerning the biosynthesis of natural SLs are briefly discussed. Some non-SLs as germinating agents are mentioned. The structure-activity relationship for SLs in hyphal branching of AM fungi and in repression of shoot branching is also analyzed. For each of the principle functions, a working model for the design of new active SL analogs is described and its applicability and implications are discussed. It is shown that the three principal functions use a distinct perception system. The importance of stereochemistry for bioactivity has been described for the various functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binne Zwanenburg
- Cluster of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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