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Sepulveda Inostroza EA, Bressane A, Schwarzmeier LÂT, Lacerda EB, Anjos KRD, Santos TSPD, Cavalcanti DR, Nascimento FD, Almeida JD, Oliveira Alves MG. Evaluation of micronuclei, cytomorphometric and cytologic changes of the oral mucosa in hookah and cigarette smokers. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2024; 137:640-650. [PMID: 38692958 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effect of hookah and cigarettes on the oral mucosa of smokers through the use of exfoliative cytology. STUDY DESIGN Smear samples were collected by exfoliative cytology from the tongue of 33 hookah smokers, 22 cigarette smokers, and 30 non-smokers. The selected analyses include micronuclei (MN), metanuclear anomalies, epithelial maturation, and cytomorphology (nuclear area [NA], cytoplasmic area [CA], and NA/CA ratio). RESULTS The largest differences observed for MN and metanuclear anomalies were between cigarette smokers and the control group (notably 1 MN P = .04; total cells with MN P = .039; total MN P = .042; karyorrhexis and binucleation, P = .0001). The hookah group, compared with the control group, showed the greatest differences for karyolysis (P = .0023), binucleation (P = .0003), and broken egg (P = .008). Significant differences were found between the smokers and the control groups regarding changes in the superficial cell without nucleus, perinuclear halo, vacuolization, color change, mucus, and keratohyalin granules. There was a significant increase in the NA and NA/CA ratio in the smoker groups. CONCLUSION This study showed that a combined analysis of exfoliative cytology associated with other diagnostic methods is a useful tool for studying oral carcinogenesis. Hookah and cigarettes showed similar effects in terms of displaying substantial cytogenetic and cytotoxic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Antonieta Sepulveda Inostroza
- Technology Research Center (NPT), Universidade Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil; School of Dentistry, Universidade Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Adriano Bressane
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Karine Rodrigues Dos Anjos
- Research Center for Lasers and Applications - Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN)/University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fábio Dupart Nascimento
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janete Dias Almeida
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica Ghislaine Oliveira Alves
- Technology Research Center (NPT), Universidade Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil; Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Gómez-Cabrera AS, González-Santiago AE, Rodríguez-Mora JF, Zúñiga-González GM, Gómez-Meda BC, Baptista-Rosas RC, Castañeda-Arellano R, Mercado-Sesma AR, Zúñiga LY, Sánchez-Parada MG. Amelioration of Cytogenotoxic Damage in Drug Abusers Supplemented with Folic Acid. Biomedicines 2024; 12:352. [PMID: 38397954 PMCID: PMC10886587 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytogenotoxic damage caused by the consumption of legal and illegal drugs in drug abusers has been demonstrated, primarily due to alterations in their antioxidant capacity, cellular repair mechanisms, and increased production of free radicals. Folic acid shows antioxidant activity by acting as a reducing agent, neutralizing present free radicals, and reducing genomic damage. METHODS The intervention involved administering 15 mg of folic acid, divided into three doses per day, to a group of 44 drug abusers. The frequency of nuclear abnormalities (NAs) was determined; micronuclei (MNs), nuclear buds (NBUDs), binucleated cells (BNs), abnormally condensed chromatin (CC), karyorrhexis (KX), pyknotic nuclei (PNs), and karyolysis (KL) were determined at different pre-treatment (baseline) and post-treatment time points at 15 and 30 days. Additionally, a group of 44 healthy individuals was used as the control group. RESULTS We observed a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of NAs in the drug abuser group (28.45 ± 17.74 before supplementation vs. 11.18 ± 7.42 at 15 days and 9.11 ± 10.9 at 30 days of supplementation). Specifically, it decreased the frequency of NBUDs, BNs, CC, KX, and PNs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a clear improvement in cytogenotoxic damage in drug abusers supplemented with folic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Salvador Gómez-Cabrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.S.G.-C.); (J.F.R.-M.)
| | - Ana Elizabeth González-Santiago
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.S.G.-C.); (J.F.R.-M.)
| | - José Francisco Rodríguez-Mora
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.S.G.-C.); (J.F.R.-M.)
| | - Guillermo Moisés Zúñiga-González
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Belinda Claudia Gómez-Meda
- Instituto de Genética Humana Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Raúl Cuauhtémoc Baptista-Rosas
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud-Enfermedad como Proceso Individual, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico (R.C.-A.); (L.Y.Z.)
- Unidad de Intervención de Medicina Crítica, Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, Zapopan 45170, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rolando Castañeda-Arellano
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud-Enfermedad como Proceso Individual, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico (R.C.-A.); (L.Y.Z.)
| | - Arieh Roldán Mercado-Sesma
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud-Enfermedad como Proceso Individual, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico (R.C.-A.); (L.Y.Z.)
| | - Laura Yareni Zúñiga
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud-Enfermedad como Proceso Individual, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico (R.C.-A.); (L.Y.Z.)
| | - María Guadalupe Sánchez-Parada
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.S.G.-C.); (J.F.R.-M.)
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Fenech M, Knasmueller S, Nersesyan A, Bolognesi C, Wultsch G, Schunck C, Volpi E, Bonassi S. The buccal micronucleus cytome assay: New horizons for its implementation in human studies. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 894:503724. [PMID: 38432772 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In this report we provide a summary of the presentations and discussion of the latest knowledge regarding the buccal micronucleus (MN) cytome assay. This information was presented at the HUMN workshop held in Malaga, Spain, in connection with the 2023 European, Environmental Mutagenesis and Genomics conference. The presentations covered the most salient topics relevant to the buccal MN cytome assay including (i) the biology of the buccal mucosa, (ii) its application in human studies relating to DNA damage caused by environmental exposure to genotoxins, (iii) the association of buccal MN with cancer and a wide range of reproductive, metabolic, immunological, neurodegenerative and other age-related diseases, (iv) the impact of nutrition and lifestyle on buccal MN cytome assay biomarkers; (v) its potential for application to studies of DNA damage in children and obesity, and (vi) the growing prospects of enhancing the clinical utility by automated scoring of the buccal MN cytome assay biomarkers by image recognition software developed using artificial intelligence. The most important knowledge gap is the need of prospective studies to test whether the buccal MN cytome assay biomarkers predict health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fenech
- Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA 5048, Australia.
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Georg Wultsch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Emanuela Volpi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy.
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Tadin A, Stazic V, Galic N, Zeljezic D. Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects in Buccal Mucosal Cells in Non-Smokers and Users of Traditional Combustible Tobacco Products and Non-Combustible Alternatives. J Xenobiot 2024; 14:154-165. [PMID: 38249106 PMCID: PMC10801550 DOI: 10.3390/jox14010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS/OBJECTIVES The aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to investigate cytogenetic damage to the buccal mucosa in non-smokers and consumers of traditional combustible tobacco products and non-combustible alternatives. METHODS A total of 160 participants were divided into four groups according to the type of product used, including non-smokers, users of conventional combustible tobacco (cigarettes), heated tobacco, and electronic, tobacco-free vapor products (e-cigarettes). Buccal mucosa samples were analyzed using the micronucleus cytome assay to assess cytotoxic and genotoxic damage. RESULTS E-cigarette users showed significantly higher values for all tested parameters in the micronucleus test compared to non-smokers (p < 0.05). Similarly, users of tobacco heating products showed an increase in all parameters (p < 0.05), with the exception of the number of cells with micronuclei. Conventional cigarette smokers showed a notable increase in the number of binucleated cells and cells with karyorrhexis and karyolysis (p ≤ 0.05). When assessing the differences between users of traditional combustible tobacco products and non-combustible alternatives, these did not appear to be significant, except for e-cigarette users, who had significantly more cells with condensed chromatin (p ≤ 0.001), while users of tobacco heating products had more pyknotic cells (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this study underscore the heightened occurrence of cytotoxic and genotoxic damage in users of both conventional combustible tobacco products and non-combustible alternatives compared to non-smokers, emphasizing the detrimental impact of these products on the oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonija Tadin
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Vinka Stazic
- Health Center of Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Nada Galic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Davor Zeljezic
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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González-Santiago AE, Gómez-Cabrera AS, Baptista-Rosas RC, Zúñiga-González GM, Gómez-Meda BC, Navarro AAS, Sánchez-Parada MG. Cytogenotoxicity effects in addicts with multidrug consumption. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2024; 65:84-95. [PMID: 38353119 DOI: 10.1002/em.22584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Drug abuse is considered a global health problem with serious social impact. In recent decades, changes in drug consumption patterns have shown a clear rising trend in the use of multiple drugs. Although the buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay has evaluated cytotoxicity in drug abuse, there has not been an approach that takes into account this pattern of multiple drug use. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate for the first time the cytogenotoxic effects in multidrug users, and its correlation with the amount consumed and years of abuse. This study was conducted on 166 individuals by the BMCyt assay. A total of 83 individuals with a history of multiple licit (alcohol and tobacco) and at least one illicit drug abuse (marijuana, methamphetamines, cocaine, and/or inhalants), and 83 healthy individuals, non-drug abusers were analyzed. The results showed that drug abusers had higher frequencies of nuclear abnormalities nuclear buds, binucleated cells, pyknotic nuclei (PNs), karyorrhexis (KX), and abnormally condensed chromatin when compared with healthy controls. Moreover, results suggests that the use of licit and illicit drugs is related to cytogenotoxic damage, as was shown by an upward trend in the frequency of nuclear abnormalities identified in groups 1 (alcohol + tobacco + at least one illicit drug) and 2 (tobacco + at least one illicit drug). Furthermore, a positive correlation was found in the different groups, between the years and the amount of consumption of some drugs (alcohol, methamphetamine, and tobacco) with cytotoxicity markers such as KL, KX, and PNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elizabeth González-Santiago
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Salvador Gómez-Cabrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Raúl Cuauhtémoc Baptista-Rosas
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud-Enfermedad como Proceso Individual, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá, Jalisco, Mexico
- Unidad de intervención de Medicina Crítica, Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Moisés Zúñiga-González
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Belinda Claudia Gómez-Meda
- Instituto de Genética Humana Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ana Alondra Sobrevilla Navarro
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Sánchez-Parada
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá, Jalisco, Mexico
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Silva RR, de Carli JP, Della Bona A, Collares KF, Pecho OE, Meireles SS, Júnior JRD, Benetti P. The influence of smoking on the effectiveness of at-home bleaching: A prospective clinical study. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2023; 35:869-877. [PMID: 36960913 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of smoking on tooth whitening and color change after at-home bleaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective clinical study evaluated two groups of participants: NS-non-smokers (n = 24) and S-smokers (n = 16). All subjects were treated with at-home bleaching using 22% carbamide peroxide (CP) for 1 h/day for 14 days. Color coordinates (L*-luminosity, a*-red-green axis and b*-yellow-blue axis) were obtained before bleaching (D0-baseline), 1 day (D1), 15 days (D15), and 1 month (D30) after bleaching. The whiteness index (WID ) and CIEDE2000 color differences (ΔE00 ) were calculated for S and NS. Color changes between S and NS subjects for specific teeth (CI-Central Incisors, LI-Lateral Incisors, and C-Canines) were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test (α = 0.05). RESULTS There was no significant difference in WID between S and NS subjects at baseline. NS participants showed higher WID than S at D1, D15, and D30 (p < 0.05). NS showed higher ΔWID for CI and C between D0 and the other evaluation times (D1, D15, and D30) compared to S. Smokers showed higher darkening of CI than NS in ΔWID D30-D1 (p < 0.05). Color changes showed similar overall behavior for ΔWID . For all evaluation times, ΔWID and ΔE00 values were below the corresponding acceptability thresholds. CONCLUSION At-home bleaching was effective on smokers and nonsmokers. Smoking negatively affected color stability after bleaching. ΔE00 and ΔWID were acceptable for both groups. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Although smoking negatively affected color stability after bleaching, the observed changes were clinically acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Rohenkohl Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, BR 285, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - João Paulo de Carli
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, BR 285, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Della Bona
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, BR 285, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Kauê Faria Collares
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, BR 285, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Oscar Emilio Pecho
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, BR 285, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Sônia Saeger Meireles
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, Lot. Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - João Renato Dieterich Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, BR 285, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Benetti
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, BR 285, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, 99052-900, Brazil
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Alpire MES, Ribeiro DA. The importance of cytological studies in the oral epithelium from people submitted to HIV-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2283-2284. [PMID: 36988629 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Esther Suarez Alpire
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil.
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Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Fenech M, Stopper H, da Silva J, Bolognesi C, Mišík M, Knasmueller S. Recommendations and quality criteria for micronucleus studies with humans. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 789:108410. [PMID: 35690413 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Micronucleus (MN) analyses in peripheral blood lymphocytes and exfoliated cells from different organs (mouth, nose, bladder and cervix) are at present the most widely used approaches to detect damage of genetic material in humans. MN are extranuclear DNA-containing bodies, which can be identified microscopically. They reflect structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations and are formed as a consequence of exposure to occupational, environmental and lifestyle genotoxins. They are also induced as a consequence of inadequate intake of certain trace elements and vitamins. High MN rates are associated with increased risk of cancer and a range of non-cancer diseases in humans. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that measurements of MN could be a useful tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of different forms of cancer and other diseases (inflammation, infections, metabolic disorders) and for the assessment of the therapeutic success of medical treatments. Recent reviews of the current state of knowledge suggest that many clinical studies have methodological shortcomings. This could lead to controversial findings and limits their usefulness in defining the impact of exposure concentrations of hazardous chemicals, for the judgment of remediation strategies, for the diagnosis of diseases and for the identification of protective or harmful dietary constituents. This article describes important quality criteria for human MN studies and contains recommendations for acceptable study designs. Important parameters that need more attention include sufficiently large group sizes, adequate duration of intervention studies, the exclusion of confounding factors which may affect the results (sex, age, body mass index, nutrition, etc.), the evaluation of appropriate cell numbers per sample according to established scoring criteria as well as the use of proper stains and adequate statistical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Fenech
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA, Australia
| | - H Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - J da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) & LaSalle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - C Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Paiva RL, de Figueiredo MAZ, Cherubini K, Da Silva VD, Salum FG. Cytological Screening Model of Normal Oral Mucosa Exposed to Carcinogens: A Pilot Study. Acta Cytol 2021; 66:114-123. [PMID: 34784590 DOI: 10.1159/000519877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral cytopathology is able to detect incipient cellular alterations, but it is not routinely applied to this purpose. We aimed to establish a model to screen individuals with no oral lesion exposed to smoking/alcohol, by means of the nuclear area, cell proliferation rate, and analysis of genetic damage. METHODS In this cross-sectional pilot study, 90 patients were allocated into 3 groups: oral cancer group (patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma), tobacco/alcohol group (patients without oral lesions and exposed to these risk factors), and control group (individuals with no lesion and not exposed to tobacco and alcohol). The cytological smears performed in these individuals were stained with Papanicolaou, a silver-staining and a Feulgen reaction. The nuclei of cells were measured, and AgNORs/nucleus and micronuclei (MN) were quantified. The cutoff values were stipulated evaluating the healthy mucosa (control group) and the cancerization field mucosa (oral cancer group). RESULTS Cutoff values for the screening of individuals exposed to carcinogens were ≥8% of nuclei larger than 100 μm2, ≥3.38 AgNOR/nucleus, and ≥3 MN per 1,000 cells. CONCLUSIONS Nuclear area measurement and AgNORs/nucleus and MN quantification identified the incipient phase of oral carcinogenesis. A screening model for individuals without oral lesion exposed to smoking/alcohol was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Losekann Paiva
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Karen Cherubini
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Gonçalves Salum
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Alpire M, Silva RD, Nagaoka MR, Ribeiro DA. Are cytogenetic assays in exfoliated cells able to predict the development of oral cancer in chronic smokers? Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1803-1804. [PMID: 33827307 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211003318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mes Alpire
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo (28105UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rcb da Silva
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo (28105UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M R Nagaoka
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo (28105UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D A Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo (28105UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Ribeiro DA. Comment on "Micronucleus Evaluation in Exfoliated Human Buccal Epithelium Cells among E-Waste Workers in Payatas, the Philippines". J Health Pollut 2021; 11:210309. [PMID: 33815907 PMCID: PMC8009652 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-11.29.210309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo-UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos-SP, 11050-020, Brazil, Tel. +55 1332290156
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12
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Schwarzmeier LÂT, da Cruz BS, Ferreira CCP, Carvalho BFDC, Alves MGO, Lima Carta CF, Scholz JR, Almeida JD. E-cig might cause cell damage of oral mucosa. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021; 131:435-443. [PMID: 33610539 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate cytogenetic and cytotoxic damage through the evaluation of micronuclei (MN) and metanuclear anomalies in the oral mucosa of electronic cigarette (e-cig) users. STUDY DESIGN The patients were recruited into 4 groups: e-cig users, smokers, former smokers, and nonsmokers (control). The samples were collected by means of exfoliative cytology of the lateral region of the tongue and the floor of the mouth. The smears obtained were fixed and stained by the Feulgen method for investigation of MN and metanuclear anomalies. RESULTS A significant difference was observed for MN frequency only between the smoker and control groups. As for metanuclear anomalies, significant differences were observed: karyolysis between: smokers and control, e-cig and control, as well as former smokers; karyorrhexis: between smoker and control; binucleation: between e-cig and former smoker, as well as control; broken eggs: between e-cig and all other groups; nuclear bud: between e-cig and former smokers, as well as control. CONCLUSIONS E-cig and alcohol users presented genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the oral mucosa cells. The use of e-cigs and alcohol by former smokers can cause more damage to the cells of the oral mucosa compared to those who have not used e-cigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Ângelo Tavares Schwarzmeier
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Serralheiro da Cruz
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Camila Cristina Panisello Ferreira
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fernandes do Carmo Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Mônica Ghislaine Oliveira Alves
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil; School of Medicine, Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, São José dos Campos. São Paulo
| | - Celina Faig Lima Carta
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Ribeiro Scholz
- Outpatient Smoking Treatment Program of the Heart Institute (Incor), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janete Dias Almeida
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
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Cruz BS, Schwarzmeier L, Carvalho B, Alves M, Carta C, Balducci I, Scholz JR, Almeida JD. Association between DNA ploidy and micronucleus frequency in chronic smokers and impact of smoking cessation. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1374-1382. [PMID: 33541126 DOI: 10.1177/0960327121991904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use may initiate the process of oral carcinogenesis with clinically undetectable changes. Smoking cessation may prevent its progression. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between DNA ploidy and micronucleus (MN) frequency in chronic smokers. Three groups were evaluated: Smoker Group, Former Smoker Group and Control Group. Exfoliative cytology was performed on the lateral border of the tongue and mouth floor. MN and DNA ploidy analyses were performed, as well as the correlation between the variables. The data showed a difference between the groups for the total MN (p = 0.0227), and the Smoker group had the highest mean (4.22 ± 4.12). The three groups did not differ statistically from each other on ploidy evaluation (p-value > 0.05). There was also an association between aneuploidy and increased MN frequency in the Former Smoker group (p = 0.0036). In conclusion, these results point out that there is a relationship between the frequency of MN and aneuploidy in former smokers. Moreover, smoking cessation, even for a short period of time, may promote the decrease of MN frequency caused by tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Cruz
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University 28108(Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lat Schwarzmeier
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University 28108(Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bfdc Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University 28108(Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mgo Alves
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University 28108(Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cfl Carta
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University 28108(Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I Balducci
- Department of Social Science and Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J R Scholz
- Heart Institute, University Hospital, Medical School, 42523University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J D Almeida
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University 28108(Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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de Souza DV, de Moraes Malinverni AC, Ribeiro DA. Comments on "Monitoring human genotoxicity risk associated to urban and industrial Buenos Aires air pollution exposure" by Los A Gutiérrez et al. (2020). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:4881-4882. [PMID: 32862343 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vitor de Souza
- Departments of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Andrea Cristina de Moraes Malinverni
- Departments of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Departments of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil.
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15
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Knasmueller S. Response to letter to the editor. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2020; 83:766-768. [PMID: 32835643 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1798046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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16
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Ribeiro D. Genetic biomonitoring of professionals occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation: Theoretical concepts for scientific debate. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 36:743-744. [PMID: 33241771 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720949485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Leonardi S, Poma AM, Colafarina S, D'Aloisio F, Scatigna M, Zarivi O, Mastrantonio R, Tobia L, Fabiani L. Early genotoxic damage through micronucleus test in exfoliated buccal cells and occupational dust exposure in construction workers: a cross-sectional study in L'Aquila, Italy. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:110989. [PMID: 32888600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM The city of L'Aquila (central Italy) was hit by a strong earthquake in 2009 that caused the collapse of several buildings, deaths and injured people. In the following years, a great number of building sites were activated, building workers resulted intensely exposed and represent a relevant target for research on environmental mutagenesis and epidemiological surveillance. Cells of buccal mucosa are considered an appropriate site for early detecting of cytogenetic damage, since it represents the first barrier in inhalation or ingestion and can metabolize carcinogenic agents into reactive chemicals. Our study is aimed 1) at comparing the early genotoxic damage as measured by the buccal mucosa micronucleus test in two subgroups of workers defined by different occupational exposure and 2) at evaluating possible confounding variables such as lifestyle factors. METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study was conducted in L'Aquila, on 24 outdoor workers (OWs) highly exposed on the construction sites and 26 indoor workers (IWs), all subjected to the compulsory occupational surveillance system, in the period 2017-2018. Buccal cells samples were collected and, based on the Micronucleus test, the exfoliated cells were classified in respect of nuclear changes observed. Moreover, a self-report questionnaire composed of 84 items, was administered to the workers. RESULTS Significant differences were observed between Exp+ (OWs) and Exp- (IWs) in the number of the analyzed cells (expressed as mean value out of 1000 cells): respectively 954.46 vs 990.06 normal cells, (p < 0.001); 19.79 vs 4.95 micronucleated cells, as marker of chromosomal damage (p < 0.001); 13.93 vs 8.96 binucleated cells, as marker of failed cytokinesis (p < 0.001); 2.09 vs 1.18 karyolytic cells, as marker of cell death and damaged DNA (p < 0.05). According with a multivariate regression analysis, in addition to the job exposure (OW vs IW, beta = 12.221, p < 0.001), the only variable independently associated with an increase in Micronuclei (MNs) is the smoking habit (OWs vs IWs, beta = 6.683, p < 0.001) which, even if not associated with dust exposure, worsens cell integrity. Moreover, this worsening effect is weaker in workers not exposed to the site dust (moderation effect). Within social demographic factors, the high educational level only apparently seems to affect MNs number: even if unbalanced in favor of IWs vs OWs, this variable resulted a confounder, since its effect disappears when the interaction between these two factors is considered, because it is a covariate of smoking habit as well as of the job condition. CONCLUSION Despite some limitation, our findings clearly confirm the role of occupational exposure as a marker of cytogenetic damage associated with MNs number in construction workers. Moreover, smoking status appears as the only other investigated factor independently associated to the outcome. The statistical model, in addition, highlights possible moderation and confounding effects, such as interaction between smoking and occupational exposure and the unbalanced school education level in workers. Micronucleus test in exfoliated buccal cells would be considered a suitable method for studying the early genotoxic damage in the construction occupational setting as well as in evaluating the efficacy of preventive practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Leonardi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Anna Mg Poma
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Colafarina
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco D'Aloisio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Scatigna
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Zarivi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mastrantonio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Loreta Tobia
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Leila Fabiani
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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18
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De Souza DV, Claudio SR, Da Silva CLF, Marangoni KP, Peres RC, Ribeiro DA. Genomic Instability in Peripheral Blood and Buccal Mucosal Cells of Marijuana Smokers: The Impact of Tobacco Smoke. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1235-1239. [PMID: 32458627 PMCID: PMC7541859 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.5.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxic, mutagenic and genotoxic effects on buccal mucosa and peripheral blood cells from marijuana and tobacco smokers. METHODS For this purpose, a total of 45 volunteers were distributed into four groups: CTRL group (control): individuals who did not smoke marijuana or tobacco (n = 11); Group M: Marijuana smokers (n = 13); Group T: Tobacco smokers (n = 13); Group M + T: Smokers of both marijuana and tobacco (n = 08). RESULTS Smokers of both marijuana and tobacco led an increase of micronucleated cells on buccal mucosa when compared to control group. The occurrence of karyolysis showed significant changes in this group as well. The comet assay data revealed genetic damage in peripheral blood cells for all groups of smokers. CONCLUSION In summary, our results showed that marijuana and /or tobacco are able to induce genetic damage and cytotoxicity in oral and peripheral blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vitor De Souza
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Samuel Rangel Claudio
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Pisani LP, de Castro GM, Ribeiro DA. Letter to the Editor-the Use of Micronucleus Assay on Buccal Mucosa Cells for Risk Assessment: Relevance of Cigarette Smoke and Cytogenotoxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 194:627-628. [PMID: 31230208 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Pellegrini Pisani
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Monteiro de Castro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil.
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20
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Nersesyan A, Muradyan R, Kundi M, Fenech M, Bolognesi C, Knasmueller S. Smoking causes induction of micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies in cervical cells. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 226:113492. [PMID: 32088596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking is an independent cause of cervical cancer, which is the 4th most common malignancy in women. It is currently not known if tobacco consumption causes chromosomal damage (which is a hallmark of human cancer) in cervical cells and if age and the hormonal status have an impact on tobacco induced genetic instability in the cervix. METHODS We conducted a study with pre- and post-menopausal women smokers and never-smokers (25/group). Smokers consumed 30 light/medium cigarettes/day and were matched with the non-smoking group. Cervical cells were analyzed for induction of micronuclei (MN) which are caused by structural/numerical chromosomal aberrations; additionally, other nuclear anomalies reflecting genomic instability and cytotoxicity were scored. Furthermore, the frequencies of basal cells were recorded which reflect the mitotic activity of the mucosa. RESULTS MN and other abnormalities were increased in both groups of smokers. The effects were most pronounced in postmenopausal smokers (i.e. 2-fold higher) compared to premenopausal smokers. Also the number of basal cells (indicative for cell proliferation) was clearly enhanced in older women. Tar and nicotine had no detectable impact on chromosomal damage but a clear association with pack-years was observed. CONCLUSIONS Smoking increased chromosomal instability, cytotoxicity and induced cell divisions in cervical mucosa cells of pre- and post-menopausal women. The effects were more pronounced in the latter group indicating a higher risk for diseases (including cancer) that are causally related to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Claudia Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
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21
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Mohammed AM, Hussen DF, Rashad H, Hasheesh A. The Micronuclei Scoring as a Biomarker for Early Detection of Genotoxic Effect of Cigarette Smoking. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:87-92. [PMID: 31983169 PMCID: PMC7294033 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.1.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main aim of this study is to evaluate the micronuclei scoring as a biomarker for early detection and screening of genotoxic effect of cigarette smoking in the peripheral blood T- lymphocytes. METHODS A total number of eligible 148 individuals have participated in the study; 78 Current smokers and 70 never smokers. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay was performed for all the participants in the peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. Assessment of the smoking status of the participants was conducted through the detailed smoking history, Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) scoring, and determination of the urinary cotinine creatinine ratio (CCR). RESULT A significantly higher frequency of micronuclei in the binucleated T-lymphocytes(BMNi) was identified in the smokers group as compared to the nonsmokers; OR=4.9, 95% CI=1.9-12.5), P-value=0.006. Both of the pack years and the smoking duration of the smokers could significantly predict the BMNi scoring; P-value=0.001, 0.002 respectively. CONCLUSION Our results indicate the association between BMNi and cigarette smoking, suggesting that BMNi Scoring can be a useful biomarker for early detection and screening of the genotoxic effect of cigarette smoking as a primary preventive measure for various smoking induced cancers. .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hend Rashad
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine,
| | - Adel Hasheesh
- Department of Researches of Children with Special Needs, National Research Centre, Doki, Egypt.
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Nersesyan A. Letter to Editor: The smokeless tobacco habit and DNA damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2020; 25:e150-e153. [PMID: 31885367 PMCID: PMC6982977 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.1122335667793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Nersesyan
- Department of Chemical Safety and Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Costa S, Costa C, Madureira J, Valdiglesias V, Teixeira-Gomes A, Guedes de Pinho P, Laffon B, Teixeira JP. Occupational exposure to formaldehyde and early biomarkers of cancer risk, immunotoxicity and susceptibility. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108740. [PMID: 31563789 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a high-volume production chemical manufactured worldwide to which many people are exposed to both environmentally and occupationally. FA was recently reclassified as a human carcinogen. Several epidemiological studies have revealed an increased risk of cancer development among workers exposed to FA. Although FA genotoxicity was confirmed in a variety of experimental systems, data from human studies are conflicting. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occupational exposure to FA in a multistage approach relating the exposure with different biomarkers (dose and effect) and individual susceptibility. Air monitoring was performed to estimate the level of exposure to FA during shift work. Eighty-five workers from hospital anatomy-pathology laboratories exposed to FA and 87 controls were tested for cytogenetic alterations in lymphocytes (micronucleus, MN; sister-chromatid exchange, SCE) and T-cell receptor (TCR) mutation assay. The frequency of MN in exfoliated buccal cells, a first contact tissue was also assessed. Percentages of different lymphocyte subpopulations were selected as immunotoxicity biomarkers. The level of formic acid in urine was investigated as a potential biomarker of internal dose. The effects of polymorphic genes of xenobiotic metabolising enzymes and DNA repair enzymes on the endpoints studied were determined. The mean level of FA exposure was 0.38 ± 0.03 ppm. MN (in lymphocytes and buccal cells) and SCE were significantly increased in FA-exposed workers compared to controls. MN frequency positively correlated with FA levels of exposure and duration. Significant alterations in the percentage of T cytotoxic lymphocytes, NK cells and B lymphocytes were found between groups. Polymorphisms in CYP2E1, GSTP1 and FANCA genes were associated with increased genetic damage in FA-exposed subjects. The obtained information may provide new important data to be used by health and safety care programs and by governmental agencies responsible for setting the acceptable levels for occupational exposure to FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Costa
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carla Costa
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Madureira
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, Faculty of Education Sciences, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071-A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Armanda Teixeira-Gomes
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes de Pinho
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Blanca Laffon
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
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24
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Nersesyan A. Re: Repair Index in Examination of Nuclear Changes in the Buccal Mucosa of Smokers: A Useful Method for Screening of Oral Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:3189-3191. [PMID: 31759340 PMCID: PMC7063024 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.11.3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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25
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Miszczyk J, Rawojć K, Panek A, Gałaś A, Kowalska A, Szczodry A, Brudecki K. Assessment of the nuclear medicine personnel occupational exposure to radioiodine. Eur J Radiol 2019; 121:108712. [PMID: 31683253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.108712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To physically and cytogenetically screen medical personnel of Department of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, Holy Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland (DENM) who are occupationally exposed to 131I. MATERIALS AND METHODS The exposure was monitored by whole-body and finger ring dosimeters. The thyroid iodine intake was measured by a whole-body spectrometer equipped with two semiconductor gamma radiation detectors. A cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and the premature chromosome condensation technique were used to assess the aberration score. Cytogenetic analyses were carried out on a group of 29 workers and were compared to 32 controls (healthy donors), matched for gender and age. RESULTS On average, the exposed group showed a significantly higher frequency of genetic damage and a higher proliferation index compared to the control group. Smoking status, age and duration of exposure influenced the observed effects in both groups. No differences in measured biomarkers were observed after stratification of the exposed group into two subgroups based on the measured 131I activity below and above 6 Bq. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that radiation protection principles based on whole-body and finger ring dosimetry, supported by activity measurements with a whole-body spectrometer, may be insufficient to monitor the absorbed dose estimation of the nuclear medicine staff who are occupationally exposed to 131I. Furthermore, their future health risks are influenced by confounders. Direct assessments comparing physical and biological dose estimations on the larger group are needed to accurately monitor occupational radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Miszczyk
- Department of Experimental Physics of Complex Systems, Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Kamila Rawojć
- Department of Endocrinology, Nuclear Medicine Unit, The University Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Panek
- Department of Experimental Physics of Complex Systems, Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksander Gałaś
- Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aldona Kowalska
- Department of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, Holy Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland; The Faculty of Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Artur Szczodry
- Department of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, Holy Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
| | - Kamil Brudecki
- Department of Nuclear Physical Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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Ribeiro DA. Letter to the editor. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:991-992. [PMID: 31311069 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil.
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Cobanoglu H, Coskun M, Coskun M, Çayir A. Results of buccal micronucleus cytome assay in pesticide-exposed and non-exposed group. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:19676-19683. [PMID: 31079294 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Since many different pesticides have been used occupationally, there have been inconsistent results regarding DNA damages among greenhouse workers. Thus, the aim of the study is to evaluate DNA damages, cell death, and chromosomal instability by using the buccal micronucleus cytome (BMcyt) assay in greenhouse workers and to compare those with a non-exposed group. The BMcyt assay was applied to the exfoliated buccal cell samples collected from 66 pesticide-exposed and 50 non-exposed individuals. We evaluated the frequency of micronucleus (MN), nuclear bud (NBUD), binucleated (BN) cells, and karyolitic (KL), pyknotic (PY), and karyorrhectic (KH) cells. The results showed that the MN, BN, PY, and KH frequencies of the pesticide-exposed group were significantly higher than those of the controls (P ˂ 0.05, P ˂ 0.05, P ˂ 0.01, and P ˂ 0.05, respectively). We observed that the MN, BN, PY, and KH frequencies in the autumn were statistically different compared with those in the control group (P = 0.037 for MN, P = 0.001 for BN, P = 0.016 for PY, and P = 0.033 for KH). The same comparison was done in the spring for the control, and there was a statistically significant difference for MN (P = 0.046) and PY (P = 0.014). We can conclude that pesticide exposure in greenhouse workers was one of the factors that altered DNA damages, cell death, and chromosomal instability in oral mucosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayal Cobanoglu
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Munevver Coskun
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Coskun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Akin Çayir
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey.
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Mello FW, Melo G, Pasetto JJ, Silva CAB, Warnakulasuriya S, Rivero ERC. The synergistic effect of tobacco and alcohol consumption on oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:2849-2859. [PMID: 31111280 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review (SR) aimed to summarise and critically appraise available evidence about the association between the synergistic consumption of alcohol and tobacco and the occurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Observational studies investigating the association between the synergistic consumption of alcohol and tobacco and OSCC occurrence were included. Studies were selected in a two-phase process and searches were conducted on five main electronic databases, complemented by three grey literature databases. RESULTS From 3260 records identified, 33 articles were included for qualitative analysis, of which 15 were included in the meta-analyses. Overall, the synergistic consumption was positively associated with the occurrence of OSCC (odds ratio [OR] = 5.37; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 3.54-8.14). Increased odds for OSCC occurrence were observed regarding the synergistic consumption of alcohol and smoked tobacco (OR = 4.74; 95%CI = 3.51-6.40), alcohol and smokeless tobacco (OR = 7.78; 95%CI = 2.86-21.14), and alcohol, smoked tobacco, and smokeless tobacco (OR = 16.17; 95%CI = 7.97-32.79). CONCLUSIONS According to the results of this SR, the synergistic consumption of alcohol and tobacco (both smoked and smokeless) significantly increased the odds for the occurrence of OSCC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The knowledge provided by this SR may be useful for a better understanding of differences in the effect of synergistic consumption of alcohol and tobacco products in OSCC development. These data might aid healthcare authorities to develop measures for tobacco and alcohol control considering the needs of their population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Weber Mello
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Gilberto Melo
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Júlia Jacoby Pasetto
- Dental School, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Department of Oral Medicine, King's College London and WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer, London, UK
| | - Elena Riet Correa Rivero
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Tadin A, Gavic L, Roguljic M, Jerkovic D, Zeljezic D. Nuclear morphological changes in gingival epithelial cells of patients with periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:3749-3757. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Nersesyan A. Re: Does smoking habit increase the micronuclei frequency in the oral mucosa of adults compared to non-smokers? A systematic review and meta-analysis. de Geus et al., Clin Oral Investig. 2018 Jan; 22(1):81-91. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:497-499. [PMID: 30612240 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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31
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Upadhyay M, Verma P, Sabharwal R, Subudhi SK, Jatol-Tekade S, Naphade V, Choudhury BK, Sahoo PD. Micronuclei in Exfoliated Cells: A Biomarker of Genotoxicity in Tobacco Users. Niger J Surg 2019; 25:52-59. [PMID: 31007513 PMCID: PMC6452766 DOI: 10.4103/njs.njs_10_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze the tobacco-related genotoxic effects in individual with habit of smoking and chewing tobacco. Materials and Methods: The present study sample consisted of 120 individuals attending the outpatient department of D. J. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh (UP). The sample was divided into four groups as follows: Group I (individuals with habit of smoking tobacco), Group II (individuals with habit of chewing tobacco), Group III (individuals with habit of smoking and chewing tobacco), and Group IV control group (nontobacco-exposed individuals). Patients were asked to rinse their mouth gently with water. The exfoliated cells were obtained by scraping the buccal mucosa of individuals with a wooden spatula. The scraped cells were placed on the precleaned slides. The smears were then stained with RAPID-PAP™ and analyzed under the microscope. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Results: In the present study, an arbitrary unit was obtained using frequency/day multiplied by the duration of years (risk multiplication factor [RMF], a positive and significant correlation were observed between the RMF and the mean percentage of micronucleated cell count in smokers, chewers, and in individuals with both smoking and chewing habit, respectively. A weak positive and nonsignificant correlation were observed between age and mean percentage of micronucleated cells in smokers and smokers + chewers, respectively, while it was weak negative and nonsignificant in chewers. In control group, correlation between age and percentage of micronucleated cells was weak positive and nonsignificant at 5% level of significance. Conclusion: The micronuclei in exfoliated mucosal cells from buccal mucosa can be used as a biomarker of genotoxicity in predicting the effects of carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Upadhyay
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Parul Verma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, IDS, Sehora, Jammu, India
| | - Robin Sabharwal
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, MMCDSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | | | - Suruchi Jatol-Tekade
- Department of Orthodontics, Modern Dental College and Research Center, Gandhi Nagar, India
| | - Vihang Naphade
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Index Institute of Dental Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Choudhury
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Linhares DPS, Garcia PV, Silva C, Barroso J, Kazachkova N, Pereira R, Lima M, Camarinho R, Ferreira T, Dos Santos Rodrigues A. DNA damage in oral epithelial cells of individuals chronically exposed to indoor radon ( 222Rn) in a hydrothermal area. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:1713-1724. [PMID: 27830439 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-016-9893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal areas are potentially hazardous to humans as volcanic gases such as radon (222Rn) are continuously released from soil diffuse degassing. Exposure to radon is estimated to be the second leading cause of lung cancer, but little is known about radon health-associated risks in hydrothermal regions. This cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the DNA damage in the buccal epithelial cells of individuals chronically exposed to indoor radon in a volcanic area (Furnas volcano, Azores, Portugal) with a hydrothermal system. Buccal epithelial cells were collected from 33 individuals inhabiting the hydrothermal area (Ribeira Quente village) and from 49 individuals inhabiting a non-hydrothermal area (Ponta Delgada city). Indoor radon was measured with Ramon 2.2 detectors. Chromosome damage was measured by micronucleus cytome assay, and RAPD-PCR was used as a complementary tool to evaluate DNA damage, using three 10-mer primers (D11, F1 and F12). Indoor radon concentration correlated positively with the frequency of micronucleated cells (r s = 0.325, p = 0.003). Exposure to radon is a risk factor for the occurrence micronucleated cells in the inhabitants of the hydrothermal area (RR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.2-2.4; p = 0.003). One RAPD-PCR primer (F12) produced differences in the banding pattern, a fact that can indicate its potential for detecting radon-induced specific genomic alterations. The observed association between chronic exposure to indoor radon and the occurrence of chromosome damage in human oral epithelial cells evidences the usefulness of biological surveillance to assess mutations involved in pre-carcinogenesis in hydrothermal areas, reinforcing the need for further studies with human populations living in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Paula Silva Linhares
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
- CVARG, Center for Volcanology and Geological Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Ventura Garcia
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes and Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - Catarina Silva
- CVARG, Center for Volcanology and Geological Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
- CIVISA, Center for Information and Seismovolcanic Surveillance of the Azores, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Joana Barroso
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - Nadya Kazachkova
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Pereira
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - Manuela Lima
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Camarinho
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Department of Geosciences, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
- CVARG, Center for Volcanology and Geological Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - Armindo Dos Santos Rodrigues
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
- CVARG, Center for Volcanology and Geological Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
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Antoniazzi RP, Lago FB, Jardim LC, Sagrillo MR, Ferrazzo KL, Feldens CA. Impact of crack cocaine use on the occurrence of oral lesions and micronuclei. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 47:888-895. [PMID: 29336931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of oral lesions and micronuclei in crack cocaine users. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 106 crack users and 106 non-users matched for age, sex, and tobacco use. Socio-demographic characteristics, the consumption of psychoactive substances, and the occurrence of fundamental lesions were investigated. Cellular changes in the oral mucosa (karyolysis, karyorrhexis, 'broken egg' events, and micronuclei) were determined by exfoliative cytology for 54 participants in each group. Crack users had a greater occurrence of fundamental lesions (P=0.001). Furthermore, they had higher mean occurrences of micronuclei (17.25 vs. 3.80), karyolysis (12.39 vs. 9.46), and karyorrhexis (30.39 vs. 10.11) (number per 1000 cells) than non-users (all P<0.05). No difference between the groups was found with regard to broken egg events (P>0.05). After controlling for confounding variables, fundamental lesions were 2.02-fold more frequent and micronuclei were 3.54-fold more frequent in crack users. Crack use was found to be associated with clinical and cellular changes in the oral mucosa. These findings can contribute to the planning of health care for individuals who are dependent on street drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Antoniazzi
- School of Dentistry, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Health and Life Sciences Programme, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - F B Lago
- School of Dentistry, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L C Jardim
- Health and Life Sciences Programme, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M R Sagrillo
- Biomedicine Programme, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - K L Ferrazzo
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C A Feldens
- Postgraduate Programme in Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Benvindo-Souza M, Assis RA, Oliveira EAS, Borges RE, Santos LRDS. The micronucleus test for the oral mucosa: global trends and new questions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:27724-27730. [PMID: 29152700 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study reviews global trends in the publication of papers on the micronucleus test of the exfoliated cells of the oral mucosa in mammals as an approach for environmental biomonitoring. This test has been widely used due to its precision for the detection of chromosome damage. Our temporal analysis showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the publication of papers on the oral mucosa over the past 33 years. Brazil was the country that published most papers (24% of the total), followed by India (16%), the USA (10%), Mexico (7%), and Turkey (6%). A further 30 countries contributed the other 37% of the papers. Overall, 99% of the micronucleus studies involved human subjects, and only 1% involved other mammals. As many wild mammals are subject to the same environmental pressures as humans, in particular chemical pollution, it seems likely that many species are equally susceptible to genotoxicogical damage. We emphasize the importance of applying this technique to the analysis of the oral mucosa of wild mammals, as well as the evaluation of its effectiveness, as observed in humans, and the expansion of the available approaches to the monitoring of environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelino Benvindo-Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia Animal, Instituto Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Rhayane Alves Assis
- Laboratório de Biologia Animal, Instituto Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Eliane Andreia Santos Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Animal, Instituto Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Rinneu Elias Borges
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Rio Verde, UniRV, Fazenda Fontes do Saber, Rio Verde, GO, CEP: 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Lia Raquel de Souza Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Animal, Instituto Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil.
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de Geus JL, Wambier LM, Bortoluzzi MC, Loguercio AD, Kossatz S, Reis A. Does smoking habit increase the micronuclei frequency in the oral mucosa of adults compared to non-smokers? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:81-91. [PMID: 29063385 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A systematic review of clinical studies to evaluate the frequency of micronuclei in the oral mucosa of smokers and non-smokers in adult patients was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search was carried out on MEDLINE via PubMeb, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, and Cochrane Library and SIGLE without restrictions. Dissertations and thesis were searched using the ProQuest Dissertations and Periodicos Capes Thesis Databases. We included only cross-sectional clinical trials that compared the frequency of micronuclei in the oral mucosa of smokers and non-smokers in adult patients. DATA After the removal of duplicates, 1338 articles were identified. After title and abstract screening, 35 studies remained. Eighteen studies were further excluded, whereas 17 studies remained for qualitative analysis and 16 for the meta-analysis of the primary and secondary outcomes. A significant difference in the frequency of micronuclei in smokers when compared to non-smokers was observed in the present study. CONCLUSIONS Despite the high variation in the methodology of the assessed studies, this study showed a higher frequency of micronuclei in exfoliated cells of smokers compared to non-smokers. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of tobacco is associated with cytotoxic and genotoxic effects because a higher frequency of micronuclei in exfoliated cells of smokers was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Letícia Maíra Wambier
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Carlos Bortoluzzi
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Stella Kossatz
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Carlos Cavalcanti street, 4748, Block M., 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
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Kumar M, Prasad UC, Chandolia B, Manjunath SM, Basu S, Verma S. Can Feulgen Stain be a Reliable Biomarker over PAP Stain for Estimation of Micronuclei Score? J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC07-ZC11. [PMID: 27891448 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/18859.8630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant transformation of the Potentially Malignant Lesions (PML) in the oral cavity is associated with elevated mortality rate because of its aggressive and exceedingly invasive nature. Meticulous diagnosis and prompt therapy of PML may help prevent malignant conversion in oral lesions. Carcinogenic insult to oral cells results in chromosomal damage and formation of Micronuclei (Mn), before the development of clinical symptoms. AIM To determine the genotoxic effect of smoking and chewing tobacco on target tissue using Mn assay and to evaluate the prevalence of other nuclear anomalies associated with it and to determine the reliability of feulgen stain for Mn assay over Papaincolau (PAP) stain. MATERIALS AND METHODS PAP and feulgen staining was done to study Mn in individuals who were having tobacco habits (smoking and chewing) without lesion (n=30), individuals who were having tobacco habit (smoking and chewing) with PML (n=30) and apparently healthy subjects (n=30). Data was analysed for statistical significance using SPSS 17.0 by Kruskal - Wallis Test and Bonferronii test. RESULTS Tobacco habits in the form of smoking and chewing have mutagenic effects on human chromosomes which is indicated by increased frequency of Mn in oral exfoliative cells. The mean Mn frequency using feulgen stain was found to be 12.27 with lesion, 10.23 with without lesion and 3.87 in controls. Whereas, metanucleated analysis revealed no significant correlation with the formation of Mn. Non-specific DNA stain (PAP) showed high numbers of Mn cells in all the groups compared to feulgen. Statistically significant difference (p<0.0001) was observed when both the stains were compared for Mn numbers. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the individuals having tobacco habits (smoking and chewing) with lesion have high number of Mn cells, thus supporting the assay to be used as a reliable biomarker to assess the genotoxic effect of tobacco in the oral mucosa. The reason for almost twice as high Mn in PAP stained smears is suggestive of cell injury which is collimated by formation of keratin bodies, resulting in its misinterpretation as Mn, leading to false positive results. Hence, it was concluded that PAP stain can be used to identify abnormal cytological changes resulting from mutagenic agent but not to interpret Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, Tatyasaheb Kore Dental College and Research Centre , Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Umesh Chandra Prasad
- Professor and Head of Department, Department of Oral Pathology, Kanti Devi Dental College , Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Betina Chandolia
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, NIMS , Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - S M Manjunath
- Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Surendra Dental College , Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shiva Basu
- Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Gurunanak Dental College and Research Institute , Sunam, Punjab, India
| | - Silvie Verma
- Demonstrator, Department of Oral Pathology, Tatyasaheb Kore Dental College and Research Centre , Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
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Rezende M, De Geus JL, Loguercio AD, Reis A, Kossatz D. Clinical Evaluation of Genotoxicity of In-office Bleaching. Oper Dent 2016; 41:578-586. [DOI: 10.2341/15-207-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of in-office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide in epithelial cells from the gingival and lip tissues.
Methods and Materials: Thirty volunteers with central incisors shade A1 or darker were selected for this study. The gingival tissue of the teeth to be bleached was isolated with a light-polymerized resin dam, and the 35% hydrogen peroxide gel was administered during three 15-minute applications over the course of the 45-minute application period. Two bleaching sessions with a one-week interval in between were performed. Exfoliated oral mucosa gingival epithelial cells and upper lip lining were collected at baseline and one month after the in-office dental bleaching. The scraped cells were placed on clean glass slides and smears were prepared. After staining with Giemsa solution, two blinded examiners performed cell and micronuclei counts under a 100× optical microscope. Tooth sensitivity was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Shade evaluation was recorded before and one month after the bleaching treatment with the value-oriented shade guide Vita Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER and the spectrophotometer Vita Easyshade. Data from the shade guide units and the micronuclei (MN) frequency were subjected to a Mann-Whitney test (α=0.05). The overall difference between before and one month after the bleaching treatment (ΔE and ΔSGU), absolute risk, and intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS) were calculated, as was the 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results: The frequency of MN was not increased after bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide in both study groups (p>0.05). The absolute risk of TS of the participants was 93% (95% CI, 79%-98%), with a mean VAS intensity of 5.7 ± 2.9 (95% CI, 4.6-6.8). Meaningful whitening was observed after bleaching. The change in shade guide units in the Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER was 2.3 ± 1.4. In terms of ΔE, the change in color was 7.7 ± 3.5.
Conclusions: The in-office bleaching did not induce DNA damage to the gingival and lip tissue during the bleaching period. Although effective whitening was observed, most of the participants experienced TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rezende
- Márcia Rezende, DDS, MS, postdoctoral student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - JL De Geus
- Juliana Larocca De Geus, DDS, MS, doctoral student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - AD Loguercio
- Alessandro Dourado Loguercio, DDS, MS, PhD, professor, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - A Reis
- Alessandra Reis, DDS, PhD, professor, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - D Kossatz
- Stella Kossatz, DDS, MS, PhD, professor, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
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Dutta S, Bahadur M. Cytogenetic analysis of micronuclei and cell death parameters in epithelial cells of pesticide exposed tea garden workers. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:627-634. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1230917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pereira da Silva VH, de Luna Antonio R, Pompeia S, Ribeiro DA. Cytogenetic Biomonitoring in Buccal Mucosa Cells from Young Smokers. Acta Cytol 2016; 59:474-8. [PMID: 26844552 DOI: 10.1159/000443761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nowadays, much attention has been focused on the search for new non-invasive methodologies able to predict malignant transformation of oral mucosa cells. The aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate DNA damage (micronucleus) and cellular death (pyknosis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis) in exfoliated oral mucosa cells from smokers and non-smokers in buccal mucosa cells. STUDY DESIGN A total of 24 young, healthy smokers and 14 non-smokers were included in this setting. Individuals had epithelial cells from the cheek mechanically exfoliated, placed in fixative and dropped in clean slides which were checked for the above nuclear phenotypes. RESULTS Smokers presented more (p < 0.05) micronucleated oral mucosa cells than non-smokers. Tobacco smoke was not able to increase other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity such as karyorrhexis, pyknosis and karyolysis. CONCLUSION In summary, these data indicate that the cigarette is able to induce micronuclei in oral mucosa cells, so the micronucleus test is a suitable method for predicting oral cancer risk.
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Nuclear abnormalities in buccal mucosa cells of patients with type I and II diabetes treated with folic acid. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 797:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kim HR, Lee JE, Jeong MH, Choi SJ, Lee K, Chung KH. Comparative evaluation of the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of smoke condensate derived from Korean cigarettes. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:e2015014. [PMID: 26796893 PMCID: PMC4722968 DOI: 10.5620/eht.e2015014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cigarette smoking is associated with carcinogenesis owing to the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of cigarette smoke. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of Korean cigarettes using in vitro assays. METHODS We selected 2 types of cigarettes (TL and TW) as benchmark Korean cigarettes for this study, because they represent the greatest level of nicotine and tar contents among Korean cigarettes. Mutagenic potency was expressed as the number of revertants per μg of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) total particulate matter whereas genotoxic potency was expressed as a concentration-dependent induction factor. The CSC was prepared by the International Organization for Standardization 3308 smoking method. CHO-K1 cells were used in vitro micronucleus (MNvit) and comet assays. Two strains of Salmonella typhimurium (Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica; TA98 and TA1537) were employed in Ames tests. RESULTS All CSCs showed mutagenicity in the TA98 and TA1537 strains. In addition, DNA damage and micronuclei formation were observed in the comet and MNvit assays owing to CSC exposure. The CSC from the 3R4F Kentucky reference (3R4F) cigarette produced the most severe mutagenic and genotoxic potencies, followed by the CSC from the TL cigarette, whereas the CSC from the TW cigarette produced the least severe mutagenic and genotoxic potencies. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that the mutagenic and genotoxic potencies of the TL and TW cigarettes were weaker than those of the 3R4F cigarette. Further study on standardized concepts of toxic equivalents for cigarettes needs to be conducted for more extensive use of in vitro tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Ryong Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Mi Ho Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Choi
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Korea
- Human and Environment Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Korea
- Human and Environment Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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Terzic S, Milovanovic A, Dotlic J, Rakic B, Terzic M. New models for prediction of micronuclei formation in nuclear medicine department workers. J Occup Med Toxicol 2015. [PMID: 26213558 PMCID: PMC4513963 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-015-0066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ionizing radiation causes detrimental health effects such as cancer and genetic damage. The study aim was to determine predictors for micronuclei (MN) occurrence and frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes of health workers professionally exposed to radiation. Methods Health workers, age matched, selected for the study on regular check-ups, were divided according to the radiation exposure. The exposed group involved nuclear medicine department employees (54) and the control group comprised workers from other departments (36). Data about workers characteristics and habits, received annual doses (AD), total years of service (TYS) and exposed years of service (EYS) were taken from each subject. Blood samples were taken and micronuclei (MN) number in peripheral blood lymphocytes was calculated using CBMN assay according to standard protocols. Results Most workers were female, technicians, with mean age of 45.67 years and EYS about 15 years. Health workers exposed to radiation had significantly more MN than controls (p = 0.001). Female gender, older age, higher received annual doses, longer EYS and TYS increased the MN number. Technicians and laboratory workers have higher risk for MN occurrence. Significant predictors of MN formation according to constructed model were workers age, sex, AD and EYS. One EYS year increases MN frequency 1.017 times, while receiving 0.1 mSy raises MN frequency by 26 %. EYS accurately predicts 86.30 % of MN frequencies and AD 64.60 %. Conclusions The model, developed for the first time in this study, showed that received annual doses and duration of exposure to radiation can be used for prediction of MN numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Terzic
- Occupational Health Department, General Health Center "Savski Venac", Pasterova 1, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Milovanovic
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Radiological Protection, Deligradska 29, Belgrade, Serbia ; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Dotlic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade, Serbia ; Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr Koste Todorovica 26, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Boban Rakic
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Radiological Protection, Deligradska 29, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Terzic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade, Serbia ; Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr Koste Todorovica 26, Belgrade, Serbia
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Peteffi GP, da Silva LB, Antunes MV, Wilhelm C, Valandro ET, Glaeser J, Kaefer D, Linden R. Evaluation of genotoxicity in workers exposed to low levels of formaldehyde in a furniture manufacturing facility. Toxicol Ind Health 2015; 32:1763-73. [PMID: 25971585 DOI: 10.1177/0748233715584250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a chemical widely used in the furniture industry and has been classified as a potential human carcinogen. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occupational exposure of workers to FA at a furniture manufacturing facility and the relationship between environmental concentrations of FA, formic acid concentration in urine, and DNA damage. The sample consisted of 46 workers exposed to FA and a control group of 45 individuals with no history of occupational exposure. Environmental concentrations of FA were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Urinary formic acid concentrations were determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. DNA damage was evaluated by the micronucleus (MN) test performed in exfoliated buccal cells and comet assay with venous blood. The 8-h time-weighted average of FA environmental concentration ranged from 0.03 ppm to 0.09 ppm at the plant, and the control group was exposed to a mean concentration of 0.012 ppm. Workers exposed to higher environmental FA concentrations had urinary formic acid concentrations significantly different from those of controls (31.85 mg L(-1) vs. 19.35 mg L(-), p ≤ 0.01 Mann-Whitney test). Significant differences were found between control and exposed groups for the following parameters: damage frequency and damage index in the comet assay, frequency of binucleated cells in the MN test, and formic acid concentration in urine. The frequency of micronuclei, nuclear buds, and karyorrhexis did not differ between groups. There was a positive correlation between environmental concentrations of FA and damage frequency (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient [r s] = 0.24), damage index (r s = 0.21), binucleated cells (r s = 0.34), and urinary formic acid concentration (r s = 0.63). The results indicate that, although workers in the furniture manufacturing facility were exposed to low environmental levels of FA, this agent contributes to the observed increase in cytogenetic damage. In addition, urinary formic acid concentrations correlated strongly with occupational exposure to FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Piva Peteffi
- Laboratory of Toxicological Analysis, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Basso da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Marina Venzon Antunes
- Laboratory of Toxicological Analysis, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Camila Wilhelm
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Trevizani Valandro
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Glaeser
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Djeine Kaefer
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Linden
- Laboratory of Toxicological Analysis, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
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de Geus JL, Rezende M, Margraf LS, Bortoluzzi MC, Fernández E, Loguercio AD, Reis A, Kossatz S. Evaluation of Genotoxicity and Efficacy of At-home Bleaching in Smokers: A Single-blind Controlled Clinical Trial. Oper Dent 2015; 40:E47-55. [DOI: 10.2341/14-121-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objective
This single-blind controlled study evaluated the genotoxicity and efficacy of at-home bleaching in smokers and nonsmokers.
Methods
We selected 60 patients with central incisors A2 or darker: 30 smokers (experimental group) and 30 nonsmokers (control group). The bleaching was carried out with 10% carbamide peroxide for three hours a day for three weeks. The color was evaluated using a shade guide, Vita Bleachedguide 3D-Master, at baseline, during bleaching (first, second, and third weeks), and one week and one month after bleaching. Smears were obtained with a moistened wooden spatula from marginal gingiva. All the cytologic smears were stained with Giemsa solution. From each slide, 1000 cells were examined under 40× magnification and where micronuclei (MN) were located, they were examined under 100× magnification. The change in shade guide units at the different assessment periods and the frequency of MN were subjected to a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance and Tukey test (α=0.05).
Results
In both groups we detected a whitening of approximately 4 to 5 shade guide units, without color rebound after one month (p>0.05). The frequency of MN was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group, regardless of the bleaching treatment (p>0.001).
Conclusion
The efficacy of bleaching does not appear to be affected by the smoking habit. Additionally, at-home bleaching did not induce DNA damage to the gingival tissue during the bleaching period.
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Affiliation(s)
- JL de Geus
- Juliana L. de Geus, MS, State University of Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Parana, Brazil
| | - M Rezende
- Márcia Rezende, MS. State University of Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - LS Margraf
- Letícia S. Margraf, graduate student, State University of Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - MC Bortoluzzi
- Marcelo C. Bortoluzzi, PhD, State University of Ponta Grossa, Stomatology, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - E Fernández
- Eduardo Fernández, PhD, University of Chile, Restorative Dentistry, Santiago, Chile
| | - AD Loguercio
- Alessandro D. Loguercio, DDS, MS, PhD, Ponta Grossa State University, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - A Reis
- Alessandra Reis, DDS, PhD, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - S Kossatz
- Stella Kossatz, DDS, MS, PhD, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
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Feki-Tounsi M, Khlifi R, Mhiri MN, Rebai A, Hamza-Chaffai A. Cytogenetic damage in the oral mucosa cells of bladder cancer patients exposed to tobacco in Southern Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:12922-7. [PMID: 24981033 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer was associated to exposure to several pollutants which can be absorbed, inhaled, or possibly ingested. We analyzed the frequency of micronuclei (MNC) and binucleated cells (BNC) in exfoliated cells of the oral mucosa of 24 bladder cancer (BC) patients and 48 controls residing in Southern Tunisia. An assessment was carried out on the incidence of MNC and BNC in 1,000 cells per individual. The data were analyzed with SPSS, using the chi-square and the Mann-Whitney U test, α = 0.05. The frequency of MN cells in BC cases was 2.5-fold higher, than in the control group (P < 0.001), while the difference for BNC between both groups was not significant. The smoking habits, age, and gender significantly influenced the MN but not the BNC alterations. The results of our study showed significantly increased frequencies of MN but not of BNC in exfoliated oral cells of BC patients associated with the smoking status, sex, and age. This study provides preliminary evidence that the frequency of MN in oral mucosa could be a predictive biomarker for cancers in parts of the body other than the upper aerodigestive tract, such as BC. Further scrupulous investigations are certainly warranted in order to implement this assay as a routine test in the planning and validation of cancer surveillance and prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molka Feki-Tounsi
- Unit of Marine and Environmental Toxicology. IPEIS, Sfax University, PB 805, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia,
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Evidence of genotoxicity in lymphocytes of non-smoking alcoholics. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 42:53-9. [PMID: 25223858 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3739-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is a significant public health issue. Epidemiological studies conducted on different populations consistently showed that consumption of alcoholic beverages is associated with cytogenetic damages and higher risk for several types of cancer. However, the interpretation of many cytogenetic studies resulted complicated because some confounding factors, such as smoking habit, are not always taken into account. In the present study, the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), chromosome aberrations (CAs) and micronuclei (MNs) in cultured human lymphocytes was assessed on 15 alcoholic and 15 non-alcoholic control male subjects. Moreover, considering the implication of the Glutathione S-transferases gene polymorphisms in the genetic susceptibility to alcoholic liver diseases, we considered an important issue to evaluate the relationship between these gene polymorphisms and the cytogenetic damage. In our sample we exclusively considered individuals that did not smoke nor consume drugs for a period of at least 2 years prior to the analysis. Statistically significant differences were found between alcoholics and controls in the frequency of SCEs/cell (P = 0.001), RI value (P = 0.001), CAs (P = 0.002) and CAB (P = 0.002). Vice versa, no significant differences were found between alcoholics and controls in terms of MNs frequency and CBPI value. In both samples, no statistically significant association was found between the analysed GSTs gene polymorphisms and the frequencies of MNs, SCEs and CAs. Finally, among alcoholics we found a positive correlation between SCEs and CAs frequencies and the duration of alcohol abuse.
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Wultsch G, Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Jakse R, Beham A, Wagner KH, Knasmueller S. The sensitivity of biomarkers for genotoxicity and acute cytotoxicity in nasal and buccal cells of welders. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014; 217:492-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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How V, Hashim Z, Ismail P, Md Said S, Omar D, Bahri Mohd Tamrin S. Exploring Cancer Development in Adulthood: Cholinesterase Depression and Genotoxic Effect From Chronic Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides Among Rural Farm Children. J Agromedicine 2014; 19:35-43. [DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2013.866917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cytogenetic abnormality in exfoliated cells of buccal mucosa in head and neck cancer patients in the Tunisian population: impact of different exposure sources. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:905252. [PMID: 23957010 PMCID: PMC3727183 DOI: 10.1155/2013/905252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome/DNA instability could be one of the primary causes of malignant cell transformation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the spontaneous genetic damages in exfoliated cells of buccal mucosa of head and neck cancer (HNC) by counting micronucleus (MN) and binucleated (BN) cells frequencies. MN and BN frequencies were significantly increased in HNC patients compared with controls (5.53 ± 3.09/1000 cells, 5.63 ± 2.99/1000 cells versus 2.36 ± 2.11/1000 cells, 3.09 ± 1.82/1000 cells, P < 0.001). Regarding the gender and the age, the frequencies of the MN and BN were significantly higher than those of controls (P < 0.01). The evaluation of the MN and BN frequencies revealed a significant increase (P < 0.001) in the cases in relation to the control group after controlling the risk factors (tobacco smoking and chewing and occupational exposure) of HNC. Moreover, MN and BN frequencies were significantly increased in smokers and chewers compared with nonsmokers and nonchewers among patients (P < 0.05). MN frequency was significantly (P = 0.014) different between patients occupationally exposed (6.99 ± 3.40/1000 cells) and nonexposed (4.70 ± 2.48/1000 cells) among HNC group. The logistic regression model illustrated that HNC was significantly associated with frequencies of MN (OR = 8.63, P < 0.0001) and BN (OR = 5.62, P = 0.001). Our results suggest that increased chromosome/DNA instabilities may be associated with HNC.
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Cytogenetic analysis of gingival epithelial cells, as related to smoking habits and occurrence of periodontal disease. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2013; 216:71-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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