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Ginani CTA, da Luz JRD, de Medeiros KS, Sarmento ACA, Coppedè F, das Graças Almeida M. Association of C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene with maternal risk for Down syndrome: A meta-analysis of case-control studies. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 792:108470. [PMID: 37689109 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies around the world support the hypothesis that genetic polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism could be related to the maternal risk for Down syndrome (DS). Most of them investigated the role of MTHFR C677T and/or A1298C polymorphisms as maternal risk factors for DS, but their results are often conflicting and still inconclusive. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the association of MTHFR C677T and/or A1298C polymorphisms with the maternal risk of DS. Our search strategy selected 42 eligible case control studies for a total of 4131 case mothers and 5452 control mothers. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the selected studies. To assess the confidence of statistically significant associations we applied false positive report probability test, and we performed the trial sequential analysis to minimize the type I error and random error. RESULTS We observed significant associations between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and maternal risk for DS for each of the genetic models investigated (dominant, recessive, codominant, and allelic contrast). Subgroup analysis by region revelated significant association in the Asian population for all the genetic models investigated. Significant associations were also found for certain genetic models in North American, South American, and Middle Eastern populations, while no association was observed in Europeans. The MTHFR A1298C polymorphism did not show any association with the maternal risk of DS, either alone or in combination with the C677T one. The results of false positive report probability to verify the confidence of a significant association suggest that the association between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and the maternal risk for DS is noteworthy, with high confidence in Asians. CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis support that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism, but not the A1298C one, is associated with the maternal risk for DS. Further studies are required to better characterize the contribution of gene-gene and gene-nutrient interactions as well as those of other regional or ethnic factors that could explain the observed different effect size in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Talita Azevedo Ginani
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Health Sciences Center, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, DACT, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Romáryo Duarte da Luz
- Organic Chemistry and biochemistry Laboratory, State University of Amapá (UEAP), Macapá, Brazil; Institute of Education, Research and Innovation of the League Against Cancer, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Kleyton Santos de Medeiros
- Institute of Education, Research and Innovation of the League against Cancer, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ayane Cristine Alves Sarmento
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Health Sciences Center, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center of Biology and Pathology of Aging, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Maria das Graças Almeida
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Health Sciences Center, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, DACT, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
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Genetic aetiology of Down syndrome birth: novel variants of maternal DNMT3B and RFC1 genes increase risk of meiosis II nondisjunction in the oocyte. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:293-313. [PMID: 36447056 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to explore the intriguing association of maternal folate regulator gene polymorphisms and mutations with the incidence of chromosome 21 nondisjunction and Down syndrome birth. We tested polymorphisms/mutations of DNMT3B and RFC1 genes for their association with meiotic errors in oocyte among the 1215 Down syndrome child-bearing women and 900 controls. We observed that 23 out of 31 variants of DNMT3B and RFC1 exhibited an association with meiosis II nondisjunction in maternal age-independent manner. Additionally, we have reported 17 novel mutations and 1 novel polymorphic variant that are unique to the Indian Bengali speaking cohort and increased odds in favour of meiosis II nondisjunction. We hypothesize that the risk variants and mutations of DNMT3B and RFC1 genes may cause reduction in two or more recombination events and also cause peri-centromeric single exchange that increases the risk of nondisjunction at any age of women. In silico analyses predicted the probable damages of the transcripts or proteins from the respective genes owing to the said polymorphisms. These findings from the largest population sample tested ever revealed that mutations/polymorphisms of the genes DNMT3B and RFC1 impair recombination that leads to chromosome 21 nondisjunction in the oocyte at meiosis II stage and bring us a significant step closer towards understanding the aetiology of chromosome 21 nondisjunction and birth of a child with Down syndrome to women at any age.
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Guo QN, Wang L, Liu ZY, Wang HD, Wang L, Long JG, Liao SX. Different effects of maternal homocysteine concentration, MTHFR and MTRR genetic polymorphisms on the occurrence of fetal aneuploidy. Reprod Biomed Online 2022; 45:1207-1215. [PMID: 36210274 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Do maternal homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations, MTHFR and MTRR genes have effects on the occurrence of fetal aneuploidy? DESIGN A total of 619 aneuploidy mothers and 192 control mothers were recruited in this study. Differences in distributions of maternal MTHFR 677C>T, MTHFR 1298A>C and MTRR 66A>G genetic polymorphisms and maternal Hcy concentrations between aneuploidy mothers and control mothers were analysed. RESULTS The maternal MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism was found to be a risk factor for the occurrence of many fetal non-mosaic aneuploidies studied here, including trisomies 13, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, TRA and TS. The maternal MTHFR 1298A>C polymorphism was found to be a risk factor specifically associated with the occurrence of fetal trisomy 15 and fetal TS. The maternal MTRR 66A>G polymorphism was found to be a risk factor only specifically associated with the occurrence of fetal trisomy 21. The Hcy concentrations of mothers of trisomies 22, 21, 18, 16, 15 and TS fetuses were significantly higher than the Hcy concentrations of control mothers. CONCLUSIONS Overall, data suggested an association between these maternal polymorphisms and the susceptibility of fetal non-mosaic trisomy and Turner syndrome. However, these three maternal polymorphisms had different associations with the susceptibility of different fetal aneuploidies, and the elevated maternal Hcy concentration appeared to be a likely risk factor for fetal Turner syndrome and fetal trisomies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Nan Guo
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shanxi 710049, China; Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Zhengzhou Henan 450003, China; Henan Cheng-xin Institute of Forensic Clinical Judicial Authentication, Zhengzhou Henan 450003, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou Henan 450003, China
| | - Zheng-Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinyang Henan 464000, China
| | - Hong-Dan Wang
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Zhengzhou Henan 450003, China; Henan Cheng-xin Institute of Forensic Clinical Judicial Authentication, Zhengzhou Henan 450003, China
| | - Li Wang
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Zhengzhou Henan 450003, China; Henan Cheng-xin Institute of Forensic Clinical Judicial Authentication, Zhengzhou Henan 450003, China
| | - Jian-Gang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shanxi 710049, China.
| | - Shi-Xiu Liao
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Zhengzhou Henan 450003, China; Henan Cheng-xin Institute of Forensic Clinical Judicial Authentication, Zhengzhou Henan 450003, China.
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Miljanović O, Teofilov S, Anđelić M, Magić Z, Cikota-Aleksić B. Maternal MTHFR 677C>T, 1298A>C gene polymorphisms and risk of offspring aneuploidy. Prenat Diagn 2022; 42:1190-1200. [PMID: 35856339 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate the association between maternal methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms, crucial for DNA methylation, and risk of offspring aneuploidy. METHODS MTHFR gene polymorphisms 677C>T and 1298A>C were determined by polymerase chain reaction based method, in 163 women with offspring aneuploidy and 155 women with healthy children. Five genetic models were used to assess risk, according to the type of aneuploidy and the age of women at conception. RESULTS MTHFR 677TT genotype and T allele were significantly more prevalent among women with offspring aneuploidy, with an increased risk of aneuploidy demonstrated under a recessive (OR 3.499), homozygote (OR 3.456) and allele contrast model (OR 1.574). The more prominent association was found with sex chromosome aneuploidies and trisomy 13/18, and also in women ≤35 years at conception. No association was observed between 1298A>C polymorphism and risk of offspring aneuploidy, although synergistic effect of two polymorphisms increase the risk of aneuploidy, primarily amplifying the 677T allele effects (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Maternal MTHFR 677C>T gene polymorphism, alone or in combination with another 1298A>C polymorphism, appears to be a substantial risk factor for offspring aneuploidy in Montenegro population, especially for sex chromosome aneuploidies and trisomy 13/18, and among younger women. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivera Miljanović
- Center for Medical Genetic and Immunology, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Slađana Teofilov
- Center for Medical Genetic and Immunology, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Miljana Anđelić
- Center for Medical Genetic and Immunology, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Zvonko Magić
- Academy of Medical Sciences of the Serbian Medical Society, Belgrade, Serbia
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Liu W, Wang J, Chen LJ. Association between MTR A2756G polymorphism and susceptibility to congenital heart disease: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270828. [PMID: 35802641 PMCID: PMC9269412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between methionine synthase (MTR) A2756G (rs1805087) polymorphism and the susceptibility to congenital heart disease (CHD) has not been fully determined. A meta-analysis of case-control studies was performed to systematically evaluate the above association. Studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang databases from inception to June 20, 2021. Two authors independently performed literature search, data extraction, and quality assessment. Predefined subgroup analyses were carried out to evaluate the impact of the population ethnicity, source of healthy controls (community or hospital-based), and methods used for genotyping on the outcomes. A random-effects model was used to combine the results, and 12 studies were included. Results showed that MTR A2756G polymorphism was not associated with CHD susceptibility under the allele model (odds ratio [OR]: 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86 to 1.07, P = 0.43, I2 = 4%), heterozygote model (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.07, P = 0.41, I2 = 0%), homozygote model (OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.64 to 1.55, P = 0.99, I2 = 17%), dominant genetic model (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.07, P = 0.41, I2 = 0%), or recessive genetic model (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.43, P = 0.32, I2 = 13%). Consistent results were found in subgroup analyses between Asian and Caucasian populations in studies with community and hospital-derived controls as well as in studies with PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing (all P values for subgroup differences > 0.05). In conclusion, current evidence does not support an association between MTR A2756G polymorphism and CHD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanru Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Genetics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Genetics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lin-jiao Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Genetics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- * E-mail:
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Kaur A, Kaur A. Role of folate metabolizing genes and homocysteine in mothers of Down syndrome children. Tzu Chi Med J 2022; 34:456-461. [PMID: 36578639 PMCID: PMC9791858 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_258_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Folates are essential nutrients required for the synthesis of DNA/RNA in cell division and segregation. Folates are reduced and methylated in the liver with the help of enzymes such as methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), MTR MTRR, reduced folate carrier 1, and cystathionine-β-synthase. Variants in the genes encoding these enzymes may lead to hypomethylation, resulting in nondisjunction which in turn increases the risk for Down syndrome (DS). The present study was conducted to genotype these genes and to see their association with homocysteine levels. Materials and Methods A total of 213 mothers having DS children and 220 mothers having normal children were enrolled in the study. Genomic DNA was isolated from lymphocytes followed by polymerase chain reaction/Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism for genotyping. Homocysteine levels were checked by chemoassay utilizing coumarin-based fluorescent probe. Results Genotypic frequency of MTHFR 1298 A > C polymorphism was significantly different among cases and controls (χ 2 = 5.83, P = 0.01), presence of C instead of A allele provided protection against DS in mothers (odds ratios = 0.57, 95% confidence interval = 0.35-0.91, P = 0.01). Higher levels of homocysteine were independently associated with the risk of having DS child (P = 0.0001). Conclusion Homocysteine acted as an independent risk factor in the present study and was not associated with folate metabolizing gene variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Anupam Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Anupam Kaur, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar - 143 005, Punjab, India. E-mail:
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Ginani CTA, da Luz JRD, Silva SVE, Coppedè F, Almeida MDG. Association between MTHFR C677T and A1298C gene polymorphisms and maternal risk for Down syndrome: A protocol for systematic review and/or meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28293. [PMID: 35060496 PMCID: PMC8772651 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities among live-born babies and one of the best-known intellectual disability disorders in humans. Errors leading to trisomy 21 are primarily arising from defects in chromosomal segregation during maternal meiosis (about 88% of cases), and the focus of many investigations has been to identify maternal risk factors favoring chromosome 21 malsegregation during oogenesis. Maternal polymorphisms of genes required for folate metabolism are the most investigated risk factors for the birth of children with DS. Through this review, we sought to investigate the association of the polymorphisms "C677T" and "A1298C" of the MTHFR gene with maternal risk for DS. METHODS We will use the databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science to search for case-control studies published from 1999 up to September 2021 without language restriction. Results will be presented as relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences, or standardized mean differences along with 95% confidence intervals, for continuous outcomes. The all data synthesis will be analyzed on the Review Manager 5.2 version software. RESULTS This study will be able to clarify all the doubts we seek and that it will be able to provide accurate data that will be able to describe how these polymorphisms can act to increase the predisposition for the birth of children with DS in different populations and under different dietary conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study will clarify the relationship between C677T and A1298C polymorphisms MTHFR gene with increased the maternal risk for Down syndrome. REGISTRATION This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol has been registered on the Prospective Registry of International Systematic Review and Meta-analyses: CRD42021269338.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Talita Azevedo Ginani
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Health Sciences Center, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, DACT, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Romáryo Duarte da Luz
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Health Sciences Center, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, DACT, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Saulo Victor e Silva
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, DACT, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria das Graças Almeida
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Health Sciences Center, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, DACT, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
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Vraneković J, Babić Božović I, Bilić Čače I, Brajenović Milić B. Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Dimer Configuration as a Risk Factor for Maternal Meiosis I-Derived Trisomy 21. Hum Hered 2021; 85:61-65. [PMID: 33784681 DOI: 10.1159/000515121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that the dimer configuration of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme might be destabilized by polymorphisms in monomers at the positions C677T and A1298C. It has been observed that these polymorphisms may lead to stable (CCAA, CCAC, CCCC) and unstable (CTAA, CTAC, TTAA) enzyme dimer configurations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the MTHFR enzyme dimer configuration and folate dietary intake with the stage of meiotic nondisjunction in mothers of children with maternally derived trisomy 21. METHODS A total of 119 mothers of children with maternally derived free trisomy 21 were included in the study. The mean maternal age at the time of the birth of the child with trisomy 21 was 32.3 ± 6.4 (range 16-43) years. All mothers were Caucasian. Parental origin of trisomy 21 and meiotic stage of nondisjunction was determined using short tandem repeat markers spanning from the centromere to the telomere of chromosome 21q. The MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphism was evaluated by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS Increased frequency of the MTHFR genotype combinations CTAA, CTAC, and TTAA was found in the group of mothers with meiosis I (MI) nondisjunction (p = 0.007). No differences were found between study participants regarding dietary and lifestyles habits. CONCLUSION The risk for MI nondisjunction of chromosome 21 was 4.6-fold higher in cases who had CTAA, CTAC, and TTAA MTHFR genotype combinations and who did not used folic acid supplements in the preconception period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadranka Vraneković
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivana Babić Božović
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iva Bilić Čače
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Bojana Brajenović Milić
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Jiang X, Huang T, Lin W, Li X. Design and Evaluation of a Method for Testing Polymorphisms of Folate-Related Genes Using the Luminex Liquichip System. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2020; 24:150-155. [PMID: 32119787 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2019.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T, MTHFR A1298C, and the methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G polymorphisms are the three most common folate metabolism-related loci in the Chinese population. They are associated with numerous birth defects or congenital diseases. To facilitate screening and genetic counseling, we established a method for the simultaneous detection of these three polymorphisms using the Luminex liquid suspension chip and multiple asymmetric polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). Materials and Methods: The three polymorphisms were amplified by multiplex PCR with biotinylated primers, followed by hybridization with six probe-linked magnetic microspheres. The mean fluorescent intensity value in each microsphere was detected by Luminex Magpix for polymorphism detection in 150 samples and confirmed by sequencing. Results: The consistency between the Luminex liquid suspension chip method and sequencing was 100%. Among the 150 randomized samples, the minor allele frequency (MAF) of MTHFR C677T was 0.41, which was the most common variant allele, followed by MTRR A66G (MAF = 0.24), and finally MTHFR A1298C (MAF = 0.19). Conclusion: The Luminex liquid suspension chip method can replace sequencing to analyze the MTHFR C677T, MTRR A1298C, and MTRR A66G loci simultaneously as a rapid, convenient, accurate, and stable method for large-scale testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Jiang
- DAAN Gene Co., Ltd., Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,The Medicine and Biological Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taosheng Huang
- DAAN Gene Co., Ltd., Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,The Medicine and Biological Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiping Lin
- DAAN Gene Co., Ltd., Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,The Medicine and Biological Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- DAAN Gene Co., Ltd., Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,The Medicine and Biological Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China
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Rai V, Kumar P. Fetal MTHFR C677T polymorphism confers no susceptibility to Down syndrome: Evidence from meta-analysis. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Jiajin L, Shuyan C, Ying W, Junxiao C, Xiudi W. Genetic polymorphisms in folate metabolism as risk for Down syndrome in the southern China. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:2030-2035. [PMID: 29343135 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1424818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between maternal gene polymorphisms of the enzymes involved in folate metabolism and the risk of having a Down syndrome (DS) offspring in southern China mothers. METHODS Gene polymorphisms in folate metabolizing and the levels of homocysteine (HCY) were analyzed in 84 southern China mothers with DS babies (the case group) and 120 healthy mothers (the control group). Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131), methionine synthase (MTR) A2756G (rs1805087), and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G (rs1801394) were studied. RESULTS We found no significant differences (p > .05) in the frequencies of four genetic polymorphisms between the two groups. We found gene-gene interactions had a 1.997-fold increased risk in MTHFR 677 CT with MTR AA (OR: 1.997, 95% CI: 1.038-3.841, p = .038) and a 2.588-fold increased risk in MTHFR 677 CT with MTRR AG (OR: 2.588, 95% CI: 1.111-6.031, p = .028) in the case group than control. The levels of HCY were significantly higher in MTHFR 677 TT than MTHFR 677 CC in the case group (TT 17.2167±5.1051, CC 12.1969±5.0299, F = 2.194, p < .05), and it was significantly higher in MTHFR 677 TT in the case group than control (TT 17.2167±5.1051 in the case group, TT 10.2286±1.4373 in the control group, F = 2.546, p < .05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that genetic polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism may have population specificity in determining the susceptibility of having DS offsprings. The gene-nutrition, gene-gene interactions and ethnicity are important variables to be considered in periconceptional nutritional supplementation and antenatal care for reducing the risk of DS babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiajin
- a The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Cao Shuyan
- a The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Wu Ying
- a The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Chen Junxiao
- a The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Wang Xiudi
- a The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
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Balarin MAS, Cintra MTR, Cordeiro F, Naves L, da Silva-Grecco RL. Screening of six polymorphisms related with folate metabolism in parents of individuals with Down syndrome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 35:3833-3839. [PMID: 29130768 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1404565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aim to investigate MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, RFC1 A80G, MTR A2756G, CBS 844ins68, MTRR A66G polymorphisms in Down syndrome (DS) parents. METHODS Polymorphisms were evaluated in 35 mothers and 24 fathers of individuals with free trisomy of chromosome 21 confirmed by karyotype. The control group included 26 mothers and 26 fathers who had no children with DS. The molecular analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (reaction chain polymerase restriction fragment length polymorphism) or polymerase chain reaction. The χ2 test (chi-square) was used to compare allele's differences among the study and the control group. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium model was performed by χ2 testing. Multiple logistic regression models and binary logistic regression used to determine the association between polymorphisms and parental DS risk. RESULTS This study did not reveal any significant difference in frequencies of polymorphisms. The haplotype analysis did not reveal linkage disequilibrium. The logistic regression analysis did not demonstrate differences between the groups. However, the binary logistic regression showed a higher frequency of the polymorphic homozygote genotype in DS parent group to codominant and dominant model in the RFC1 A80G. CONCLUSION In conclusion, although the screening results were significant only to the RFC1 A80G polymorphism, the other determinations of the genetic factors associated with abnormal chromosome segregation could be helpful in future studies, including other polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernanda Cordeiro
- a Departamento de Patologia, Genética e Evolução , Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro , Uberaba , Brazil
| | - Lucila Naves
- a Departamento de Patologia, Genética e Evolução , Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro , Uberaba , Brazil
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Bucerzan S, Popp RA, Vlad RM, Lazea C, Nicolaescu R, Grigorescu-Sido P. Evaluation of c677t and a1298c polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene as a maternal risk factor for trisomy 21 (a monocentric study). REV ROMANA MED LAB 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/rrlm-2017-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: To assess the risk for trisomy 21 in children, depending on the polymorphisms C677T and A1298C of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in mothers.
Methods: For 93 mothers who have children with trisomy 21 and 202 mothers of healthy children (control group), genotyping of MTHFR polymorphisms C677T and A1298C was performed.
Results: For each polymorphism, three genotypes were identified (normal homozygous, heterozygous and mutant homozygous). For the polymorphism C677T, the frequencies of the three genotypes (CC, CT and TT) were 50.5%, 40.8% and 8.6% in mothers of children with trisomy 21, versus 42.6%, 46% and 11.4% in mothers of healthy children, with no statistically significant differences. The frequency of the polymorphism A1298C was not statistically significant between the two groups for the genotype (AA) (48.4% vs 56.4%) or the genotype (AC) (39.8% vs 38.6%), but the genotype TT was more frequent in mothers of children with trisomy 21 (11.8% vs 4.9%; p = 0.033; OR = 2.57).
Conclusion: Women with genotype CC for the polymorphism A1298C of the MTHFR gene have a 2.57 times higher risk of offspring with trisomy 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bucerzan
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy „Iuliu Hațieganu”, Centre of Genetic Diseases, Emergency Pediatric Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Anghel Popp
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy „Iuliu Hațieganu”, Medical Genetics Department, Emergency Pediatric Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Raluca Maria Vlad
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Pediatrics, Grigore Alexandrescu Emergency Pediatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cecilia Lazea
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy „Iuliu Hațieganu”, Medical Genetics Department, Emergency Pediatric Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Nicolaescu
- Radiology and Medical Imaging Laboratory, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Paula Grigorescu-Sido
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy „Iuliu Hațieganu”, Centre of Genetic Diseases, Emergency Pediatric Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Jackson RA, Nguyen ML, Barrett AN, Tan YY, Choolani MA, Chen ES. Synthetic combinations of missense polymorphic genetic changes underlying Down syndrome susceptibility. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4001-17. [PMID: 27245382 PMCID: PMC11108497 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are important biomolecular markers in health and disease. Down syndrome, or Trisomy 21, is the most frequently occurring chromosomal abnormality in live-born children. Here, we highlight associations between SNPs in several important enzymes involved in the one-carbon folate metabolic pathway and the elevated maternal risk of having a child with Down syndrome. Our survey highlights that the combination of SNPs may be a more reliable predictor of the Down syndrome phenotype than single SNPs alone. We also describe recent links between SNPs in p53 and its related pathway proteins and Down syndrome, as well as highlight several proteins that help to associate apoptosis and p53 signaling with the Down syndrome phenotype. In addition to a comprehensive review of the literature, we also demonstrate that several SNPs reside within the same regions as these Down syndrome-linked SNPs, and propose that these closely located nucleotide changes may provide new candidates for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #05-05, MD7, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Mai Linh Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #05-05, MD7, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Angela N Barrett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #05-05, MD7, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yuan Yee Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #05-05, MD7, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Mahesh A Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #05-05, MD7, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ee Sin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #05-05, MD7, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Graduate School of Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Coppedè F. Risk factors for Down syndrome. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2917-2929. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1843-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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KAUR AMANDEEP, KAUR ANUPAM. Maternal MTHFR polymorphism (677 C–T) and risk of Down’s syndrome child: meta-analysis. J Genet 2016; 95:505-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-016-0657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Increased MTHFR promoter methylation in mothers of Down syndrome individuals. Mutat Res 2016; 787:1-6. [PMID: 26926955 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite that advanced maternal age at conception represents the major risk factor for the birth of a child with Down syndrome (DS), most of DS babies are born from women aging less than 35 years. Studies performed in peripheral lymphocytes of those women revealed several markers of global genome instability, including an increased frequency of micronuclei, shorter telomeres and impaired global DNA methylation. Furthermore, young mothers of DS individuals (MDS) are at increased risk to develop dementia later in life, suggesting that they might be "biologically older" than mothers of euploid babies of similar age. Mutations in folate pathway genes, and particularly in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) one, have been often associated with maternal risk for a DS birth as well as with risk of dementia in the elderly. Recent studies pointed out that also changes in MTHFR methylation levels can contribute to human disease, but nothing is known about MTHFR methylation in MDS tissues. We investigated MTHFR promoter methylation in DNA extracted from perypheral lymphocytes of 40 MDS and 44 matched control women that coinceived their children before 35 years of age, observing a significantly increased MTHFR promoter methylation in the first group (33.3 ± 8.1% vs. 28.3 ± 5.8%; p=0.001). In addition, the frequency of micronucleated lymphocytes was available from the women included in the study, was higher in MDS than control mothers (16.1 ± 8.6‰ vs. 10.5 ± 4.3‰; p=0.0004), and correlated with MTHFR promoter methylation levels (r=0.33; p=0.006). Present data suggest that MTHFR epimutations are likely to contribute to the increased genomic instability observed in cells from MDS, and could play a role in the risk of birth of a child with DS as well as in the onset of age related diseases in those women.
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Muthuswamy S, Agarwal S. Do the MTHFR gene polymorphism and Down syndrome pregnancy association stands true? A case–control study of Indian population and meta-analysis. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Coppedè F. The genetics of folate metabolism and maternal risk of birth of a child with Down syndrome and associated congenital heart defects. Front Genet 2015; 6:223. [PMID: 26161087 PMCID: PMC4479818 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost 15 years ago it was hypothesized that polymorphisms of genes encoding enzymes involved in folate metabolism could lead to aberrant methylation of peri-centromeric regions of chromosome 21, favoring its abnormal segregation during maternal meiosis. Subsequently, more than 50 small case-control studies investigated whether or not maternal polymorphisms of folate pathway genes could be risk factors for the birth of a child with Down syndrome (DS), yielding conflicting and inconclusive results. However, recent meta-analyses of those studies suggest that at least three of those polymorphisms, namely MTHFR 677C>T, MTRR 66A>G, and RFC1 80G>A, are likely to act as maternal risk factors for the birth of a child with trisomy 21, revealing also complex gene-nutrient interactions. A large-cohort study also revealed that lack of maternal folic acid supplementation at peri-conception resulted in increased risk for a DS birth due to errors occurred at maternal meiosis II in the aging oocyte, and it was shown that the methylation status of chromosome 21 peri-centromeric regions could favor recombination errors during meiosis leading to its malsegregation. In this regard, two recent case-control studies revealed association of maternal polymorphisms or haplotypes of the DNMT3B gene, coding for an enzyme required for the regulation of DNA methylation at centromeric and peri-centromeric regions of human chromosomes, with risk of having a birth with DS. Furthermore, congenital heart defects (CHD) are found in almost a half of DS births, and increasing evidence points to a possible contribution of lack of folic acid supplementation at peri-conception, maternal polymorphisms of folate pathway genes, and resulting epigenetic modifications of several genes, at the basis of their occurrence. This review summarizes available case-control studies and literature meta-analyses in order to provide a critical and up to date overview of what we currently know in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Coppedè
- Section of Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa Pisa, Italy ; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health," University of Pisa Pisa, Italy
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Sukla KK, Jaiswal SK, Rai AK, Mishra OP, Gupta V, Kumar A, Raman R. Role of folate-homocysteine pathway gene polymorphisms and nutritional cofactors in Down syndrome: A triad study. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:1982-93. [PMID: 26040482 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in folate-homocysteine (Hcy) pathway have a predisposing role for Down syndrome (DS)? SUMMARY ANSWER The study provides evidence that in addition to advanced age, maternal genotype, micronutrient deficiency and elevated Hcy levels, individually and in combination, are risk factors for Down syndrome. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Polymorphisms in certain folate-Hcy-pathway genes (especially the T allele of MTHFR C677T), elevated Hcy and poor folate levels in mothers during pregnancy have been shown to be risk factors for Down syndrome in certain Asian populations (including the eastern region of India), while the same SNPs are not a risk factor in European populations. This conflicting situation alludes to differential gene-environment (nutrition) interactions in different populations which needs to be explored. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Between 2008 and 2012, 151 Down syndrome triads and 200 age-matched controls (Control mothers n = 186) were included in the study. Seven polymorphisms in six genes of folate-Hcy metabolic pathway, along with Hcy, cysteine (Cys), vitamin B12 (vit-B12) and folate levels, were analysed and compared among the case and control groups. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Genotyping was performed by the PCR-RFLP technique. Levels of homocysteine and cysteine were measured by HPLC while vitamin B12 and folate were estimated by chemiluminescence. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We demonstrate that polymorphisms in the folate-Hcy pathway genes in mothers collectively constitute a genotypic risk for DS which is effectively modified by interactions among genes and by the environment affecting folate, Hcy and vitamin B12 levels. The study also supports the idea that these maternal risk factors provide an adaptive advantage during pregnancy supporting live birth of the DS child. LIMITATIONS AND REASONS FOR CAUTION Our inability to obtain genotype and nutritional assessments of unaffected siblings of the DS children was an important limitation of the study. Also, its confinement to a specific geographic region (the eastern part) of India, and relatively small sample size is a limitation. A parallel investigation on another population could add greater authenticity to the data. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS For mothers genetically susceptible to deliver a DS child (particularly in South Asia), peri-conceptional nutritional supplementation and antenatal care could potentially reduce the risk of a DS child. Additionally, nutritional strategies could possibly be used for better management of the symptoms of DS children. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS The work is funded through Programme support for Genetic disorders by Department of Biotechnology, Government of India to R.R. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Sukla
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S K Jaiswal
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Rai
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - O P Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Raman
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Coppedè F, Migliore L. DNA damage in neurodegenerative diseases. Mutat Res 2015; 776:84-97. [PMID: 26255941 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Following the observation of increased oxidative DNA damage in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA extracted from post-mortem brain regions of patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases, the last years of the previous century and the first decade of the present one have been largely dedicated to the search of markers of DNA damage in neuronal samples and peripheral tissues of patients in early, intermediate or late stages of neurodegeneration. Those studies allowed to demonstrate that oxidative DNA damage is one of the earliest detectable events in neurodegeneration, but also revealed cytogenetic damage in neurodegenerative conditions, such as for example a tendency towards chromosome 21 malsegregation in Alzheimer's disease. As it happens for many neurodegenerative risk factors the question of whether DNA damage is cause or consequence of the neurodegenerative process is still open, and probably both is true. The research interest in markers of oxidative stress was shifted, in recent years, towards the search of epigenetic biomarkers of neurodegenerative disorders, following the accumulating evidence of a substantial contribution of epigenetic mechanisms to learning, memory processes, behavioural disorders and neurodegeneration. Increasing evidence is however linking DNA damage and repair with epigenetic phenomena, thereby opening the way to a very attractive and timely research topic in neurodegenerative diseases. We will address those issues in the context of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, which represent three of the most common neurodegenerative pathologies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lucia Migliore
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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[Turner syndrome and genetic polymorphism: a systematic review]. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2015; 33:364-71. [PMID: 25765448 PMCID: PMC4620965 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpped.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To present the main results of the literature on genetic polymorphisms in Turner
syndrome and their association with the clinical signs and the etiology of this
chromosomal disorder. Data sources: The review was conducted in the PubMed database without any time limit, using the
terms Turner syndrome and genetic polymorphism.
A total of 116 articles were found, and based on the established inclusion and
exclusion criteria 17 were selected for the review. Data synthesis: The polymorphisms investigated in patients with Turner syndrome were associated
with growth deficit, causing short stature, low bone mineral density, autoimmunity
and cardiac abnormalities, which are frequently found in patients with Turner
syndrome. The role of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the etiology of Turner
syndrome, i.e., in chromosomal nondisjunction, was also confirmed. Conclusions: Genetic polymorphisms appear to be associated with Turner syndrome. However, in
view of the small number of published studies and their contradictory findings,
further studies in different populations are needed in order to clarify the role
of genetic variants in the clinical signs and etiology of the Turner syndrome.
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Izci Ay O, Ay ME, Erdal ME, Cayan F, Tekin S, Soylemez F, Sungur MA, Derici Yıldırım D. Folate metabolism gene polymorphisms and risk for down syndrome offspring in Turkish women. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2015; 19:191-7. [PMID: 25671679 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2014.0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality. Many studies have assessed the association between maternal gene polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism and the risk of having a DS offspring, but data are conflicting. Six common polymorphisms in folate-metabolizing genes were analayzed to determine possible risk factors for a child to be born having DS (DS mothers); these samples were taken from 47 Turkish mothers having DS children (case group) and 49 control mothers. Investigated polymorphisms include methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T (rs1801133), A1298C (rs1801131), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G (rs1801394), methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD1) G1958A (rs2236225), reduced folate carrier (RFC1) A80G (rs1051266), and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) 844ins68. RESULTS The frequency of the MTHFR 677C allele in DS mothers (79.8%) was significantly higher than in controls (66.3%), with a 0.499-fold increased risk of having a DS offspring (p=0.038 and 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.259-0.961). Mothers with the MTHFD1 1958A allele had a 1.880-fold increased risk of having a child with DS (p=0.031 and 95% CI, 1.060-3.335). No significant association was found for the other polymorphic variants in this study. Gene-gene interactions were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Polymorphic variants of the enzymes involved in folate metabolism may play an important role in determining the susceptibility of having a DS offspring. The gene-nutrition, gene-gene interactions and ethnicity are important variables to be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Izci Ay
- 1 Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University , Mersin, Turkey
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Genetic polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism and maternal risk for down syndrome: a meta-analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:517504. [PMID: 25544792 PMCID: PMC4269293 DOI: 10.1155/2014/517504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inconclusive results of the association between genetic polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism and maternal risk for Down syndrome (DS) have been reported. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted. We searched electronic databases through May, 2014, for eligible studies. Pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the strength of the association, which was estimated by fixed or random effects models. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using Q-test and I (2) statistic. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. Publication bias was estimated using Begg's and Egger's tests. A total of 17 case-controls studies were included. There was evidence for an association between the MTRR c.66A>G (rs1801394) polymorphism and maternal risk for DS. In the subgroup analysis, increased maternal risk for DS was found in Caucasians. Additionally, the polymorphic heterozygote MTHFD1 1958GA genotype was associated significantly with maternal risk for DS, when we limit the analysis by studies conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Finally, considering MTR c.2756A>G (rs1805087), TC2 c.776C>G (rs1801198), and CBS c.844ins68, no significant associations have been found, neither in the overall analyses nor in the stratified analyses by ethnicity. In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggested that the MTRR c.66A>G (rs1801394) polymorphism and MTHFD1 c.1958G>A (rs2236225) were associated with increased maternal risk for DS.
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Maternal methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and down syndrome risk: a meta-analysis from 34 studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108552. [PMID: 25265565 PMCID: PMC4180743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme of folate metabolic pathway which catalyzes the irreversible conversion of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate donates methyl group for the methylation of homocysteine to methionine. Several studies have investigated maternal MTHFR C677T polymorphism as a risk factor for DS, but the results were controversial and inconclusive. To come into a conclusive estimate, authors performed a meta-analysis. AIM A meta-analysis of published case control studies was performed to investigate the association between maternal MTHFR C677T polymorphism and Down syndrome. METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Springer Link databases were searched to select the eligible case control studies using appropriate keywords. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95%confidence interval were calculated for risk assessment. RESULTS Thirty four studies with 3,098 DS case mothers and 4,852 control mothers were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled OR was estimated under five genetic models and significant association was found between maternal MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism and Down syndrome under four genetic models except recessive model (for T vs. C, OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.09-1.46, p = 0.001; for TT vs. CC, OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.13-1.97, p = 0.008; for CT vs. CC, OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.10-1.51, p = 0.001; for TT+CT vs. CC, OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.13-1.60, p = 0.0008; for TT vs. CT+CC, OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60-0.94, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION The results of the present meta-analysis support that maternal MTHFR C677T polymorphism is a risk factor for DS- affected pregnancy.
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The MTRR 66A>G polymorphism and maternal risk of birth of a child with Down syndrome in Caucasian women: a case–control study and a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5571-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3462-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Meta-analysis of Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase maternal gene in Down syndrome: increased susceptibility in women carriers of the MTHFR 677T allele. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5491-504. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3424-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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