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Mannervik B. The isoenzymes of glutathione transferase. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 57:357-417. [PMID: 3898742 DOI: 10.1002/9780470123034.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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2
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Thyagaraju K, Vasundhara K, Hemavathi B, Devi KN. Effect of phenobarbital on the induction of glutathione S-transferases in rat testis. Reprod Biomed Online 2004; 8:68-74. [PMID: 14759290 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases are a family of multifunctional proteins involved in intracellular transport processes and drug detoxication. In rats, these enzymes are dimeric proteins, and exist as cytosolic and microsomal proteins. The affinity purified rat testicular glutathione S-transferases are comprised of four subunits, Yc of alpha class, Yb and Ybeta of mu class and Ydelta of pi class. On chromatofocusing, they were resolved into six anionic and four cationic isozymes. The cationic isozymes were found to be abundant. All these isozymes on electrophoresis were found to contain heteromers except for two isozymes. The expression of individual subunits and their activity was elevated on treatment with multiple doses of phenobarbital in rat testis. Among all of these, according to the immunological studies, Ydelta, a pi class glutathione S-transferase, was induced predominantly in response to phenobarbital.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Thyagaraju
- Department of Biochemistry, S.V. University, Tirupati-517 502, A.P., India.
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3
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Orth AB, Royse DJ, Tien M. Ubiquity of lignin-degrading peroxidases among various wood-degrading fungi. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993; 59:4017-23. [PMID: 8285705 PMCID: PMC195861 DOI: 10.1128/aem.59.12.4017-4023.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phanerochaete chrysosporium is rapidly becoming a model system for the study of lignin biodegradation. Numerous studies on the physiology, biochemistry, chemistry, and genetics of this system have been performed. However, P. chrysosporium is not the only fungus to have a lignin-degrading enzyme system. Many other ligninolytic species of fungi, as well as other distantly related organisms which are known to produce lignin peroxidases, are described in this paper. In this study, we demonstrated the presence of the peroxidative enzymes in nine species not previously investigated. The fungi studied produced significant manganese peroxidase activity when they were grown on an oak sawdust substrate supplemented with wheat bran, millet, and sucrose. Many of the fungi also exhibited laccase and/or glyoxal oxidase activity. Inhibitors present in the medium prevented measurement of lignin peroxidase activity. However, Western blots (immunoblots) revealed that several of the fungi produced lignin peroxidase proteins. We concluded from this work that lignin-degrading peroxidases are present in nearly all ligninolytic fungi, but may be expressed differentially in different species. Substantial variability exists in the levels and types of ligninolytic enzymes produced by different white not fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Orth
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
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4
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Trottein F, Kieny MP, Verwaerde C, Torpier G, Pierce RJ, Balloul JM, Schmitt D, Lecocq JP, Capron A. Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of a 26-kilodalton Schistosoma mansoni glutathione S-transferase. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1990; 41:35-44. [PMID: 2385266 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(90)90094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A Schistosoma mansoni cDNA library was constructed from the mRNA of adult worms in the expression vector lambda gt11 and screened with a rabbit antiserum raised against the 26-kDa S. mansoni glutathione S-transferase isoforms (Sm GST 26). Two clones were selected and the nucleotide sequences deduced. The predicted amino acid sequence, specified by these cDNAs, shows strong homology with a Schistosoma japonicum 26 kDa glutathione S-transferase and a lower level of homology with mammalian glutathione S-transferase class mu isoenzymes (EC 2.5.1.18). No significant homology score was found with a 28-kDa S. mansoni glutathione S-transferase (Sm GST 28). A study of the tissue distribution of the cloned Sm GST 26 by immunoelectron microscopy shows similarities to Sm GST 28 in that they are present in the tegument and in subtegumentary parenchymal cells. However, a major difference exists in the protonephridial region in which Sm GST 26 is present in the cytoplasmic digitations localized in the apical chamber delineated by the flame cell body, suggesting that Sm GST 26 may be actively excreted by adult worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Trottein
- Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Unité Mixte INSERM 167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
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5
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Chang M, Burgess JR, Scholz RW, Reddy CC. The induction of specific rat liver glutathione S-transferase subunits under inadequate selenium nutrition causes an increase in prostaglandin F2 alpha formation. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)39376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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6
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Lai HC, Qian B, Tu CP. Characterization of a variant rat glutathione S-transferase by cDNA expression in Escherichia coli. Arch Biochem Biophys 1989; 273:423-32. [PMID: 2673039 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(89)90501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have isolated a glutathione S-transferase Yb1 subunit cDNA from a lambda gt11 cDNA collection constructed from rat testis poly(A) RNA enriched for glutathione S-transferase mRNA activities. This Yb1 cDNA, designated pGTR201, is identical to our liver Yb1 cDNA clone pGTR200 except for a shorter 5'-untranslated sequence. Active glutathione S-transferase is expressed from this Yb1 cDNA driven by the tac promoter on the plasmid construct pGTR201-KK. The expressed glutathione S-transferase protein begins with the third codon (Met) of the cDNA, and is missing the N-terminal proline of rat liver glutathione S-transferase 3-3. Therefore, our Escherichia coli expressed glutathione S-transferase protein represents a variant form of glutathione S-transferase 3-3 (Yb1Yb1), designated GST 3-3(-1). The expressed Yb1 subunits are assembled into a dimer as purified from sonicated E. coli crude extracts. In the absence of dithiothreitol three active isomers can be resolved by ion-exchange chromatography. The pure protein has an extinction coefficient of 9.21 x 10(4) M-1 cm-1 at 280 nm or E0.1% 280 = 1.78 and a pI at 8.65. It has a substrate specificity pattern similar to that of the authentic glutathione S-transferase 3-3. The GST 3-3(-1) has a KM of 202 microM for reduced GSH and of 36 microM for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. The turnover number for this conjugation reaction is 57 s-1. Results of kinetic studies of this reaction with GST 3-3(-1) are consistent with a sequential substrate binding mechanism. We conclude that the first amino acid proline of glutathione S-transferase 3-3 is not essential for enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Lai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
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8
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Pease EA, Andrawis A, Tien M. Manganese-dependent Peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)80029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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9
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Wang RW, Pickett CB, Lu AY. Expression of a cDNA encoding a rat liver glutathione S-transferase Ya subunit in Escherichia coli. Arch Biochem Biophys 1989; 269:536-43. [PMID: 2645828 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(89)90137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A full length cDNA clone, pGTB38 (C. B. Pickett et al. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 5182-5188), complementary to a rat liver glutathione S-transferase Ya mRNA has been expressed in Escherichia coli. The cDNA insert was isolated from pGTB38 using MaeI endonuclease digestion and was inserted into the expression vector pKK2.7 under the control of the tac promoter. Upon transformation of the expression vector into E. coli, two protein bands with molecular weights lower than the full-length Ya subunit were detected by Western blot analysis in the cell lysate of E. coli. These lower-molecular-weight proteins most likely result from incorrect initiation of translation at internal AUG codons instead of the first AUG codon of the mRNA. In order to eliminate the problem of incorrect initiation, the glutathione S-transferase Ya cDNA was isolated from the expression vector and digested with Bal31 to remove extra nucleotides from the 5' noncoding region. The protein expressed by this expression plasmid, pKK-GTB34, comigrated with the Ya subunit on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels and was recognized by antibodies against the YaYc heterodimer. The expressed Ya homodimer was purified by S-hexylglutathione affinity and ion-exchange chromatographies. Approximately 50 mg pure protein was obtained from 9 liters of E. coli culture. The expressed Ya homodimer displayed glutathione-conjugating, peroxidase, and isomerase activities, which are identical to those of the native enzyme purified from rat liver cytosol. Protein sequencing indicates that the expressed protein has a serine as the NH2 terminus whereas the NH2 terminus of the glutathione S-transferase Ya homodimer purified from rat liver cytosol is apparently blocked.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Wang
- Department of Animal & Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
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10
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Pearson WR, Reinhart J, Sisk SC, Anderson KS, Adler PN. Tissue-specific induction of murine glutathione transferase mRNAs by butylated hydroxyanisole. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)37708-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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11
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Grove G, Zarlengo RP, Timmerman KP, Li NQ, Tam MF, Tu CP. Characterization and heterospecific expression of cDNA clones of genes in the maize GSH S-transferase multigene family. Nucleic Acids Res 1988; 16:425-38. [PMID: 3277162 PMCID: PMC334670 DOI: 10.1093/nar/16.2.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have isolated from a constructed lambda gt11 expression library two classes of cDNA clones encoding the entire sequence of the maize GSH S-transferases GST I and GST III. Expression of a full-length GST I cDNA in E. coli resulted in the synthesis of enzymatically active maize GST I that is immunologically indistinguishable from the native GST I. Another GST I cDNA with a truncated N-terminal sequence is also active in heterospecific expression. Our GST III cDNA sequence differs from the version reported by Moore et al. [Moore, R. E., Davies, M. S., O'Connell, K. M., Harding, E. I., Wiegand, R. C., and Tiemeier, D. C. (1986) Nucleic Acids Res. 14:7227-7235] in eight reading frame shifts which result in partial amino acid sequence conservation with the rat GSH S-transferase sequences. The GST I and GST III sequences share approximately 45% amino acid sequence homology. Both the GST I and the GST III mRNAs contain different repeating motifs in front of the initiation codon ATG. Multiple poly(A) addition sites have been identified for these two classes of maize GSH S-transferase messages. Genomic Southern blotting results suggest that both GST I and GST III are present in single or low copies in the maize (GT112 RfRf) genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Grove
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
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12
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Tien M, Tu CP. Cloning and sequencing of a cDNA for a ligninase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Nature 1987; 326:520-3. [PMID: 3561490 DOI: 10.1038/326520a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a complex polymer of phenylpropanoid subunits. It is an essential component of woody tissue, to which it imparts structural rigidity. Lignin is remarkably resistant to degradation by most microbes; nevertheless, a few species of white-rot fungi are able to catalyse its oxidation to CO2. Its biodegradation is of great ecological significance because, next to cellulose, lignin is the most abundant renewable polymer on Earth. The first step in lignin degradation is depolymerization, catalysed by the lignin peroxidase isozymes (ligninases). These isozymes are secreted, along with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burds, under conditions of nutrient (nitrogen) limitation. Ligninases are not only important in lignin biodegradation, but are also potentially valuable in chemical waste disposal because of their ability to degrade environmental pollutants. We have undertaken the cloning of the ligninase genes to understand further their regulation and enzymology. We report here the isolation and characterization of a ligninase complementary DNA clone with a full-length insert. The cDNA sequence shows that the sequence of the mature ligninase is preceded by a 28-residue leader, and the mature protein is predicted to have a relative molecular mass of 37,000 (Mr 37K). Consistent with the classification of ligninase as a peroxidase certain residues thought to be essential for peroxidase activity can be identified and near these residues the ligninase shows homology with other known peroxidases. Our cDNA clone has also allowed us to show that expression of ligninase is regulated at the messenger RNA level.
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Manoharan T, Puchalski R, Burgess J, Pickett C, Fahl W. Promoter-glutathione S-transferase Ya cDNA hybrid genes. Expression and conferred resistance to an alkylating molecule in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)61417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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14
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Telakowski-Hopkins CA, Rothkopf GS, Pickett CB. Structural analysis of a rat liver glutathione S-transferase Ya gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1986; 83:9393-7. [PMID: 3025841 PMCID: PMC387144 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.24.9393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have isolated and characterized a complete structural gene encoding a rat liver glutathione S-transferase (glutathione transferase; EC 2.5.1.18) Ya subunit. The gene spans approximately 11 kilobases and is comprised of seven exons separated by six introns. A sequence similar to the Goldberg-Hogness promoter ("TATA" box), TATTA, is located 32 base pairs upstream from the transcription initiation site. Exons 2 and 4 of the glutathione S-transferase gene encode amino acid sequences of the Ya subunit that are highly conserved in the Yc subunit, whereas exons 3 and 5 encode amino acids that are divergent in the Yc subunit. These data suggest that exons 2 and 4 may encode domains of the Ya subunits that have similar structural or functional properties to the corresponding domains in the Yc subunit (e.g., glutathione binding site), whereas exons 3 and 5 may encode domains of the Ya subunit that have unique structural or functional properties to the corresponding domains in the Yc subunit (e.g., substrate binding site).
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15
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Smith DB, Davern KM, Board PG, Tiu WU, Garcia EG, Mitchell GF. Mr 26,000 antigen of Schistosoma japonicum recognized by resistant WEHI 129/J mice is a parasite glutathione S-transferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1986; 83:8703-7. [PMID: 3095841 PMCID: PMC386999 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.22.8703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice of the inbred strain 129/J bred at this Institute (WEHI 129/J) are relatively resistant to chronic infection with the parasitic helminth Schistosoma japonicum. In contrast to more permissive mouse strains such as BALB/c, the WEHI 129/J mice are high responders to a Mr 26,000 adult worm antigen designated Sj26. Cloned cDNAs corresponding to Sj26 have been identified in a S. japonicum phage lambda gt11 amp3 expression library, and their nucleotide sequences have been deduced. The predicted amino acid sequence of the antigen specified by these cDNAs shows striking homology with class mu isozymes of mammalian glutathione S-transferases (RX:glutathione R-transferase, EC 2.5.1.18). Extracts of adult worms contain glutathione S-transferase activity, and affinity chromatography of enzyme activity on glutathione columns leads to the purification of a Mr 26,000 molecule that comigrates with Sj26. Although vaccination studies in mice with a beta-galactosidase-Sj26 fusion protein from Escherichia coli are encouraging, more immunogenic preparations of the antigen are likely to be required to establish the utility of Sj26 as a model vaccine.
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16
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17
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Rat glutathione S-transferases supergene family. Characterization of an anionic Yb subunit cDNA clone. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)67089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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18
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Lai HC, Grove G, Tu CP. Cloning and sequence analysis of a cDNA for a rat liver glutathione S-transferase Yb subunit. Nucleic Acids Res 1986; 14:6101-14. [PMID: 2875437 PMCID: PMC311624 DOI: 10.1093/nar/14.15.6101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have isolated a Yb-subunit cDNA clone from a GSH S-transferase (GST) cDNA library made from rat liver polysomal poly(A) RNAs. Sequence analysis of one of these cDNA, pGTR200, revealed an open reading frame of 218 amino acids of Mr = 25,915. The deduced sequence is in agreement with the 19 NH2-terminal residues for GST-A. The sequence of pGTR200 differs from another Yb cDNA, pGTA/C44 by four nucleotides and two amino acids in the coding region, thus revealing sequence microheterogeneity. The cDNA insert in pGTR200 also contains 36 nucleotides in the 5' noncoding region and a complete 3' noncoding region. The Yb subunit cDNA shares very limited homology with those of the Ya or Yc cDNAs, but has relatively higher sequence homology to the placental subunit Yp clone pGP5. The mRNA of pGTR200 is not expressed abundantly in rat hearts and seminal vesicles. Therefore, the GST subunit sequence of pGTR200 probably represents a basic Yb subunit. Genomic DNA hybridization patterns showed a complexity consistent with having a multigene family for Yb subunits. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of the Ya, Yb, Yc, and Yp subunits revealed significant conservation of amino acids (approximately 29%) throughout the coding sequences. These results indicate that the rat GSTs are products of at least four different genes that may constitute a supergene family.
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19
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Henthorn PS, Knoll BJ, Raducha M, Rothblum KN, Slaughter C, Weiss M, Lafferty MA, Fischer T, Harris H. Products of two common alleles at the locus for human placental alkaline phosphatase differ by seven amino acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1986; 83:5597-601. [PMID: 3461452 PMCID: PMC386335 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.15.5597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino-terminal amino acid sequences (42 residues) were determined for the products of the three common alleles at the human placental alkaline phosphatase [orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1] gene locus. The sequences differ at position 3, which is proline in types 1 and 2 but is leucine in type 3. cDNA libraries were constructed in phage lambda gt11 and used to isolate clones covering the coding regions of types 1 and 3 cDNAs. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the types 1 and 3 proteins showed 7 differences out of 513 amino acids, each due to a single base substitution. cDNA sequence comparisons showed three silent substitutions in the coding regions and three base differences in the greater than 1 kilobase pairs of 3' untranslated sequences.
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20
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Immunological and sequence interrelationships between multiple human liver and rat glutathione S-transferases. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)67691-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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21
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Li NQ, Reddanna P, Thyagaraju K, Reddy CC, Tu CP. Expression of glutathione S-transferases in rat brains. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)57437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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22
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Li NQ, Tu CP. Suppression of glutathione S-transferases in rat seminal vesicles or pituitary glands. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986; 136:1057-62. [PMID: 3718496 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(86)90440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the tissue-specific expression of GSH S-transferases in rat seminal vesicles and pituitary glands by in vitro translation and immunoprecipitation. The major GSH S-transferase subunit expressed in rat seminal vesicles belongs to the Yb mobility class whose expression diminishes when the rats are treated with pentobarbital. The pattern of GSH S-transferase expression in the pituitary gland is very similar to that of the rat brain with Yb size subunit(s) predominant. The Y beta size subunit is also expressed together with the Yc and Y delta subunits. The expression of GSH S-transferases was drastically reduced in pituitary gland poly(A) RNAs from diethylstilbestrol-treated, ovariectomized female rats. Xenobiotics such as phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene, and trans-stilbene oxide induce rat liver GSH S-transferase activities, especially the Ya- and Yb-subunit containing isozymes. Induction of GSH S-transferases by a combination of the three xenobiotics is neither additive nor synergistic, however. Our results clearly demonstrate that GSH S-transferase expression in seminal vesicles and pituitary glands can be suppressed by phenobarbital and diethylstilbestrol, respectively. Our findings suggest that different GSH S-transferase isozymes respond differently to various xenobiotics. Both induction and suppression occur in rats treated with xenobiotics. This notion helps to explain the lack of additive or synergistic induction in rats treated with more than one xenobiotic.
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Suguoka Y, Kano T, Okuda A, Sakai M, Kitagawa T, Muramatsu M. Cloning and the nucleotide sequence of rat glutathione S-transferase P cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1985; 13:6049-57. [PMID: 2995915 PMCID: PMC321937 DOI: 10.1093/nar/13.17.6049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A cDNA library prepared from poly(A)+ RNA of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) induced rat hepatocellular carcinoma was screened by synthetic DNA probes deduced from a partial amino acid sequence of glutathione S-transferase P subunit that had been isolated from the tumor by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. One of the four clones analyzed contained an mRNA region encoding the total amino acid sequence of this enzyme subunit and the complete 3'-noncoding region. The nucleotide sequence indicates that this enzyme subunit has 209 amino acids (calculated Mr=23,307) distinct from other glutathione S-transferase subunits such as Ya and Yc. Comparison of the amino acid sequences between these proteins indicates that glutathione S-transferase P subunit gene has been evolved from the ancestral gene at an earlier stage than the separation of Ya and Yc and that there are at least three domains having a considerable homology with each other in these enzymes. The very large increase of this mRNA in chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma suggests a characteristic derepression of this gene during hepatocarcinogenesis.
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24
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Maruyama H, Arias IM, Listowsky I. Distinctions between the multiple cationic forms of rat liver glutathione S-transferase. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)90766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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25
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Tu CP, Chang M, Reddy CC. The major rat heart glutathione S-transferases are anionic isozymes composed of Yb size subunits. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1984; 123:981-8. [PMID: 6487339 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(84)80230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The GSH S-transferases from rat heart cytosol has been purified by S-hexylglutathione-linked Sepharose-6B affinity chromatography. The majority (approximately 80%) of these GSH S-transferases are anionic isozymes which can be resolved further by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and isoelectric focusing. They are mainly composed of Yb size (Mr = 27,000) subunits with different substrate specificity patterns from the rat liver anionic GSH S-transferases. The major cationic GSH S-transferases from liver are not expressed in rat heart. Although some cationic GSH S-transferases from rat heart can be purified by CM-cellulose column chromatography they are composed of major subunits of Yb electrophoretic mobility.
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26
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Tu CP, Lai HC, Li NQ, Weiss MJ, Reddy CC. The Yc and Ya subunits of rat liver glutathione S-transferases are the products of separate genes. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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27
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Reddy CC, Li N, Tu CP. Identification of a new glutathione S-transferase from rat liver cytosol. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1984; 121:1014-20. [PMID: 6743313 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(84)90778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A new glutathione S-transferase has been purified to homogeneity from 105,000 X g supernatant of Sprague-Dawley rat liver homogenates. The purified enzyme exhibited specific activities of approximately 1.8, and 0.12 mumoles X min-1 X mg-1 toward 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene and cumene hydroperoxide respectively. The SDS gel electrophoresis data on subunit composition revealed that the new transferase is composed of two subunits with an identical Mr of 24,400 (Y alpha Family). Our in vitro translation experiments with rat liver poly(A) RNAs and substrate specificity data suggest that this subunit is different from the previously reported Ya , Yb and Yc subunits of rat liver glutathione S-transferases. Comparatively, the new isozyme showed significant activity toward 1,2 epoxy-3-(P-nitrophenoxy)-propane, ethacrynic acid and P-nitrophenyl acetate, 0.4, 0.34 and 0.18 mumoles. min-1 X mg-1 respectively.
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Taylor JB, Craig RK, Beale D, Ketterer B. Construction and characterization of a plasmid containing complementary DNA to mRNA encoding the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the rat glutathione transferase Ya subunit. Biochem J 1984; 219:223-31. [PMID: 6547043 PMCID: PMC1153468 DOI: 10.1042/bj2190223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Free polyribosomal poly(A)-containing RNA isolated from normal rat liver was used to prepare a complementary DNA plasmid library in the Pst1 site of the plasmid pAT153 . A plasmid pGSTr155 complementary to mRNA coding for a glutathione transferase Ya subunit was selected by differential hybridization in situ and preliminary characterization was performed by hybrid-selected mRNA translation, immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of the product synthesized in vitro. The nucleotide sequence of the complementary DNA contained within pGSTr155 was determined and shown to contain a single open reading frame corresponding to the first 129 amino acids of the N-terminus of the Ya subunit and a further 63 nucleotides upstream of the initiating methionine codon.
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Pickett CB, Telakowski-Hopkins CA, Ding GJ, Argenbright L, Lu AY. Rat liver glutathione S-transferases. Complete nucleotide sequence of a glutathione S-transferase mRNA and the regulation of the Ya, Yb, and Yc mRNAs by 3-methylcholanthrene and phenobarbital. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Sheehan D, Mantle TJ. Evidence for two forms of ligandin (YaYa dimers of glutathione S-transferase) in rat liver and kidney. Biochem J 1984; 218:893-7. [PMID: 6721840 PMCID: PMC1153420 DOI: 10.1042/bj2180893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
CM-cellulose chromatography of rat liver and kidney cytosol at pH6 reveals the presence of a second Ya-subunit dimer of glutathione S-transferase (GST-F) in addition to the recently described GST-YaYa (GST-L; our nomenclature) [Hayes & Clarkson (1982) Biochem. J. 207, 459-470]. The two forms are structurally similar (by the criteria of CNBr- and Staphylococcus-V8-proteinase-cleavage peptide maps), and both are sensitive to inhibition by haemin. However, their kinetic parameters with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene are quite distinct, and they show differential inducibility by phenobarbitone. These results suggest a similar heterogeneity in Ya-subunits to that previously described for Yb-subunits of glutathione S-transferase and indicate that significant gene duplication may have occurred in these multifunctional intracellular binding proteins.
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Tu CP, Weiss MJ, Li NQ, Reddy CC. Tissue-specific expression of the rat glutathione S-transferases. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)32466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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