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Zhan Y, Huang J, Tang X, Du B, Yang B. Semen Strychni Pulveratum and vomicine alleviate neuroinflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through cGAS-STING-TBK1 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2025; 336:118741. [PMID: 39197801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fetal neuromuscular disorder characterized by the gradual deterioration of motor neurons. Semen Strychni pulveratum (SSP), a processed version of Semen Strychni (SS) powder, is widely used to treat ALS in China. Vomicine is one of the most primary components of SS. However, their pharmacological effects and mechanisms for ALS remain elusive. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of SSP and vomicine, as well as to explore their protective roles in ALS and the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo, 8-week-old hSOD1-WT mice and hSOD1-G93A mice were orally administered different concentrations of SSP (SSP-L = 5.46 mg/ml, SSP-M = 10.92 mg/ml or SSP-H = 16.38 mg/ml) once every other day for 8 weeks. A series of experiments, including body weight measurement, footprint tests, Hematoxylin & Eosin staining, and Nissl staining, were performed to evaluate the preventive effect of SSP. Immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, and RT-qPCR were subsequently performed to evaluate activation of the cGAS-STING-TBK1 pathway in the spinal cord. In vitro, hSOD1G93A NSC-34 cells were treated with vomicine to further explore the pharmacological mechanism of vomicine in the treatment of ALS via the cGAS-STING-TBK1 pathway. RESULTS SSP improved motor function, body weight loss, gastrocnemius muscle atrophy, and motor neuron loss in the spine and cortex of hSOD1-G93A mice. Furthermore, the cGAS-STING-TBK1 pathway was activated in the spinal cord of hSOD1-G93A mice, with activation predominantly observed in neurons and microglia. However, the levels of cGAS, STING, and pTBK1 proteins and cGAS, IRF3, IL-6, and IL-1β mRNA were reversed following intervention with SSP. Vomicine not only downregulated the levels of cGAS, TBK1, IL-6 and IFN-β mRNA, but also the levels of cGAS and STING protein in hSOD1G93A NSC-34 cells. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that SSP and vomicine exert neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory effects in the treatment of ALS. SSP and vomicine may reduce neuroinflammation by regulating the cGAS-STING-TBK1 pathway, and could thereby play a role in ALS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshi Zhan
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232, East Outer Ring Road, University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jingyan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111, Dade Lu, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Xiaohui Tang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232, East Outer Ring Road, University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Compound at No. 13, Shiliugang Road, Chigang, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510315, China.
| | - Baoxin Du
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111, Dade Lu, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Biying Yang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111, Dade Lu, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Elhemiely AA, Darwish A. Pharmacological and biochemical insights into lead-induced hepatotoxicity: Pathway interplay and the protective effects of arbutin via the oral and intraperitoneal routes in silico and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:112968. [PMID: 39226827 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lead acetate (PbAc), a hazardous heavy metal, poses significant threats to human health and the environment because of widespread industrial exposure. PbAc exposure leads to liver injury primarily through oxidative stress and the disruption of key regulatory pathways. Understanding these mechanisms and exploring protective agents are vital for mitigating PbAc-induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the molecular pathways implicated in PbAc-induced liver damage, focusing on Sirt-1, Nrf2 (HO-1, NQO1, and SOD), Akt-1/GSK3β, m-TOR, and P53. Additionally, we aimed to assess the hepatoprotective effects of arbutin, which is administered orally and intraperitoneally, to determine the most effective delivery method. METHODOLOGY In silico analyses were conducted to identify relevant protein networks associated with Sirt-1 and AKT-1/GSK-3B pathways. The pharmacodynamic properties of arbutin were examined, followed by molecular docking studies to elucidate its interactions with the selected protein network. In vivo preclinical studies were carried out on adult male rats randomly assigned to 6 different treatment groups, including PbAc exposure and PbAc exposure treated with arbutin either orally or intraperitoneally. RESULTS PbAc exposure led to hepatic oxidative stress, as evidenced by elevated MDA levels and SIRT-1 inhibition, disrupting antioxidant pathways and activating antiautophagic and proapoptotic pathways, ultimately resulting in hepatocyte necrosis. Both oral and intraperitoneal arbutin administration effectively modifed these effects, with intraperitoneal delivery showing superior efficacy in mitigating PbAc-induced histological, immunological, and biochemical alterations. CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying PbAc-induced liver injury and highlights the hepatoprotective potential of arbutin. These findings suggest that arbutin, particularly when administered intraperitoneally, holds promise as a therapeutic agent for combating PbAc-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alshaymaa Darwish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
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Wang H, Shan C, Guo G, Ning D, Miao F. Therapeutic potential of palmitoleic acid in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Targeting ferroptosis and lipid metabolism disorders. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113025. [PMID: 39243559 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic syndrome associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Currently, there are no effective drugs to treat NAFLD. Palmitoleic acid (PA) has demonstrated therapeutic potential in managing various metabolic diseases and inflammation. Although ferroptosis is known to play a critical role in the NAFLD development, it remains unclear whether PA can alleviate NAFLD by inhibiting ferroptosis. METHODS Thirty C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: standard diet, high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD with PA. The experiment lasted 16 weeks. RESULTS PA alleviated liver injury, hepatitis, and dyslipidemia in HFD-induced NAFLD mice. It improved insulin resistance, downregulated genes and proteins related to fat synthesis, and upregulated genes and proteins linked to lipolysis and fat oxidation. Mechanistically, bioinformatics enrichment revealed the involvement of ferroptosis in NAFLD. PA mitigated oxidative stress and reduced liver iron content in NAFLD. It downregulated acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) expression while upregulating glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) expression, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis. CONCLUSION PA exerts a protective effect against liver lipotoxicity by inhibiting lipid metabolism-mediated ferroptosis. These findings provide new insights into preventive and therapeutic strategies for the pathological processes of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Chunlan Shan
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Gangjun Guo
- Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, PR China
| | - Delu Ning
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Yunnan Woody Oilseed Technology Innovation Center, Kunming 650204, PR China
| | - Fujun Miao
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Yunnan Woody Oilseed Technology Innovation Center, Kunming 650204, PR China.
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Carpenter KA, Altman RB. Databases of ligand-binding pockets and protein-ligand interactions. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:1320-1338. [PMID: 38585646 PMCID: PMC10997877 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Many research groups and institutions have created a variety of databases curating experimental and predicted data related to protein-ligand binding. The landscape of available databases is dynamic, with new databases emerging and established databases becoming defunct. Here, we review the current state of databases that contain binding pockets and protein-ligand binding interactions. We have compiled a list of such databases, fifty-three of which are currently available for use. We discuss variation in how binding pockets are defined and summarize pocket-finding methods. We organize the fifty-three databases into subgroups based on goals and contents, and describe standard use cases. We also illustrate that pockets within the same protein are characterized differently across different databases. Finally, we assess critical issues of sustainability, accessibility and redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy A. Carpenter
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Russ B. Altman
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Chen Y, Li LY, Li JD, He RQ, Huang ZG, Huang WY, Luo JY, Dang YW, Chen G, Wei DM. Expression, potential biological behaviour and clinical significance of MCM3 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a comprehensive study integrating high throughput sequencing, CRISPR screening and in-house immunohistochemistry. Ann Med 2024; 56:2405879. [PMID: 39310930 PMCID: PMC11421141 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2405879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minichromosome maintenance complex component 3 (MCM3) plays a key role in various tumours. However, it remains largely unknown what the specific role and clinical significance of MCM3 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) are. MATERIALS AND METHODS We integrated high-throughput data from PAAD worldwide to analyse the expression level of MCM3 mRNA. We used immunohistochemistry to analyse MCM3 protein expression levels in 145 cases in the PAAD group and 29 cases in the non-PAAD group. We also mainly analysed the necessity of MCM3 for PAAD growth based on CRISPR screen data. In addition, we used enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction networks to explore the molecular mechanism of MCM3 in PAAD. We also analysed the correlation between MCM3 expression, components of the immune microenvironment in PAAD tissue and clinical prognosis. RESULTS In PAAD, we observed for the first time that MCM3 was significantly highly expressed at both the mRNA (SMD = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.38 ∼ 0.96) and the protein level (p < 0.05). The mRNA (AUC = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.74 ∼ 0.81; sensitivity = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.55 ∼ 0.76; specificity = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67 ∼ 0.84) and protein (AUC = 0.929) expression levels of MCM3 had a good ability to distinguish between PAAD and non-PAAD tissue. There was heterogeneity reflected by the differential expression of MCM3 protein in PAAD cells. MCM3 played an essential role in PAAD growth, through abnormal DNA replication, p53 signalling and cell cycle checkpoints. PAAD with high MCM3 expression was sensitive to c-75, brivanib, flavopiridol and VNLG/124 drugs, with stable molecular docking models. CONCLUSION MCM3 is likely to be a critical element in promoting the initiation and growth of PAAD. Flavopiridol may exert its anti-PAAD effect through the interaction between MCM3, classic CDK1 targets in the cell cycle checkpoint and p53 pathway as well as related molecules in other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
- Guangxi key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Liu-Yan Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
- Guangxi key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Jian-Di Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
- Guangxi key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Rong-Quan He
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
- Guangxi key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Zhi-Guang Huang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
- Guangxi key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Wan-Ying Huang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
- Guangxi key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Jia-Yuan Luo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
- Guangxi key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Yi-Wu Dang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
- Guangxi key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
- Guangxi key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Dan-Ming Wei
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
- Guangxi key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
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Sabuakham S, Nasoontorn S, Kongtaworn N, Rungrotmongkol T, Silsirivanit A, Pingaew R, Mahalapbutr P. Anilino-1,4-naphthoquinones as potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors: in vitro and in silico studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2357174. [PMID: 38814149 PMCID: PMC11141316 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2357174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase, a pivotal enzyme in melanin synthesis, is a primary target for the development of depigmenting agents. In this work, in vitro and in silico techniques were employed to identify novel tyrosinase inhibitors from a set of 12 anilino-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives. Results from the mushroom tyrosinase activity assay indicated that, among the 12 derivatives, three compounds (1, 5, and 10) demonstrated the most significant inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase, surpassing the effectiveness of the kojic acid. Molecular docking revealed that all studied derivatives interacted with copper ions and amino acid residues at the enzyme active site. Molecular dynamics simulations provided insights into the stability of enzyme-inhibitor complexes, in which compounds 1, 5, and particularly 10 displayed greater stability, atomic contacts, and structural compactness than kojic acid. Drug likeness prediction further strengthens the potential of anilino-1,4-naphthoquinones as promising candidates for the development of novel tyrosinase inhibitors for the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahachai Sabuakham
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sutita Nasoontorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Napat Kongtaworn
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Atit Silsirivanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ratchanok Pingaew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Chen Z, Jiang M, Mo L, Zhou C, Huang H, Ma C, Wang Z, Fan Y, Chen Z, Fang B, Liu Y. A natural agent, 5-deoxycajanin, mitigates estrogen-deficiency bone loss via modulating osteoclast-osteoblast homeostasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112906. [PMID: 39173403 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Hyperactive osteoclasts and hypoactive osteoblasts usually result in osteolytic conditions such as estrogen-deficiency bone loss. Few natural compounds that both attenuating bone resorption and enhancing bone formation could exert effects on this imbalance. 5-Deoxycajanin (5-D), an isoflavonoid extracted from Cajan leaf with estrogen-like properties, were found to have beneficial pharmacological effects on rebalancing the activities of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. This study revealed that 5-D at the same concentration could inhibit osteoclastogenesis of BMMs and promoted osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs. 5-D not only attenuated the fluorescent formation of RANKL-induced F-actin belts and NFATc1, but also activated ALP and RUNX2 expressions. As to downstream factor expressions, 5-D could block osteoclast-specific genes and proteins including NFATc1 and CTSK, while increased osteogenic genes and proteins including OPG and OCN, as confirmed by Real-time PCR and Western Blotting. Additionally, the network pharmacology and molecular docking identified the involvement of 5-D in the MIF and MAPK signaling pathways and the stable binding between 5-D and MAPK2K1. Further Western blot studies showed that 5-D decreased the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK in osteoclasts, but promoted these phosphorylations in osteoblasts. In a female C57BL/6J mouse model of estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss, 5-D demonstrated efficacy in enhancing BMD through attenuating osteoclast activities and promoting osteogenesis. These results underscore the potential application of 5-D on treating osteolysis resulting from hyperactive osteoclasts and hypoactive osteoblasts, shedding light on modulating osteoclast-osteoblast homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyu Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Mo
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Yangjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangjiang, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangzheng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinuo Fan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bin Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuhao Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Liu Z, Li S, Wang L, Zhang W, Cao Y, Bao C, Zhang C. Integration of high-resolution mass spectrometry technology with molecular network analysis and systems biology techniques to elucidate the active ingredients and mechanisms of Shiduqing capsules. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9903. [PMID: 39198930 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Shiduqing Capsules, a well-known Chinese patent medicine, are widely used clinically for the treatment of pruritus. However, to date, there is a lack of research on its pharmacological substances and mechanisms of action. METHODS In the current study, the chemical components of Shiduqing Capsules were identified using UHPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS technology. Molecular network analysis was employed to identify structurally similar compounds to the known chemical components. The potential molecular targets of the active ingredients were predicted using the SwissTargetPrediction website. The identified targets were further analyzed using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis through the DAVID database. Molecular docking was used to validate the network pharmacology results. RESULTS Ultimately, A total of 51 chemical components of Shiduqing Capsules were identified. Molecular network analysis identified 21 flavonoids and 13 terpenoids. The core targets of these ingredients include TP53, AKT1, and STAT3. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed 1,371 different biological functions and 177 signaling pathways. Molecular docking confirmed the high affinity between multiple core active ingredients of Shiduqing Capsules and pruritus targets. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the effective ingredients of Shiduqing Capsules exert a multifaceted therapeutic effect on pruritus through multiple targets and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Child Health Care, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Bao
- Department of Child Health Care, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Chenning Zhang
- Department of Child Health Care, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
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Wang X, Zhu L, Deng Y, Zhang Q, Li R, Yang L. Screening of potential targets and small-molecule drugs related to lipid metabolism in ovarian cancer based on bioinformatics. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 733:150673. [PMID: 39293329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND about 70 % of ovarian cancer (OC) patients with postoperative chemotherapy relapse within 2-3 years due to drug resistance and metastasis, and the 5-year survival rate is only about 30 %. Lipid metabolism plays an important role in OC. We try to explore the potential targets and drugs related to lipid metabolism to provide clues for the treatment of OC. METHODS the gene expression profiles of OC and normal ovarian tissue samples were obtained from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and genotype-tissue expression databases (GTEx). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed. Lipid metabolism related genes (LMRGs) were downloaded from MSigDB database. The DEGs related to lipid metabolism in OC was obtained by intersection. And gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of lipid metabolism related DEGs was constructed, and seven algorithms were used to screen core potential target genes. Its expression in OC and prognostic ability were analyzed by Univariate Cox. Cmap database mining OC lipid metabolism related potential small-molecular drugs and docking. CCK8, scratch assay, transwell test and free fatty acid (FFA) assay, fluorescence detection of cellular fatty acid uptake, and the reactivity assay of CPT1A were used to detect the biological effects of drugs on OC cell.Rreverse transcription PCR(RT-qPCR) and WesternBlot were performed to measure the expression of core targets. RESULTS 437 DEGs related to lipid metabolism of OC were screened. GO and KEGG analysis showed that these DEGs were lipid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, PPAR signal pathway and so on. The PPI network based on lipid metabolism DEGs consists of 301 nodes and 1107 interaction pairs, and 6 core target genes were screened. ROC curve analysis showed that all of the 6 genes could predict the prognosis of OC. Three small molecular drugs Cephaeline, AZD8055 and GSK-1059615 were found by cmap and molecular docking showed that they all had good binding ability to target gene. Cephaeline has the strongest inhibitory effect on SKOV3 cells of OC, and could significantly inhibit cell migration and invasion regulate the mRNA and protein expression of some targets, and inhibit lipid metabolism process in ovarian cancer cells. CONCLUSION six OC potential genes related to lipid metabolism were identified and verified, which can be used as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets to evaluate the prognostic risk of OC patients. In addition, three small-molecular drugs that may be effective in the treatment of OC were unearthed, among which Cephaeline has the most potential. We speculate that Cephaeline may target six genes to inhibit progression of OC by affecting lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfen Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, NO.374 Dianmian Rd. Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Longyan Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, NO.374 Dianmian Rd. Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Yue Deng
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, NO.374 Dianmian Rd. Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, NO.374 Dianmian Rd. Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Rongji Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, NO.374 Dianmian Rd. Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, NO.374 Dianmian Rd. Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China.
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Choudhury S, Dasmahapatra AK. Destabilisation of Alzheimer's amyloid-β protofibrils by Baicalein: mechanistic insights from all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-11001-9. [PMID: 39379662 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-11001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and the fifth leading cause of death globally. Aggregation and deposition of neurotoxic Aβ fibrils in the neural tissues of the brain is a key hallmark in AD pathogenesis. Destabilisation studies of the amyloid-peptide by various natural molecules are highly relevant due to their neuroprotective and therapeutic potential for AD. We performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to investigate the destabilisation mechanism of amyloidogenic protofilament intermediate by Baicalein (BCL), a naturally occurring flavonoid. We found that the BCL molecule formed strong hydrophobic contacts with non-polar residues, specifically F19, A21, V24, and I32 of Chain A and B of the pentameric protofibril. Upon binding, it competed with the native hydrophobic contacts of the Aβ protein. BCL loosened the tight packing of the hydrophobic core by disrupting the hydrogen bonds and the prominent D23-K28 inter-chain salt bridges of the protofibril. The decrease in the structural stability of Aβ protofibrils was confirmed by the increased RMSD, radius of gyration, solvent accessible surface area (SASA), and reduced β-sheet content. PCA indicated that the presence of the BCL molecule intensified protofibril motions, particularly affecting residues in Chain A and B regions. Our findings propose that BCL would be a potent destabiliser of Aβ protofilament, and may be considered as a therapeutic agent in treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadika Choudhury
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Dasmahapatra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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11
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Kwon YJ, Lee J, Seo EB, Lee J, Park J, Kim SK, Yu H, Ye SK, Chang PS. Cysteine protease I29 propeptide from Calotropis procera R. Br. As a potent cathepsin L inhibitor and its suppressive activity in breast cancer metastasis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:23218. [PMID: 39368988 PMCID: PMC11457494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis is associated with a poor prognosis and a high rate of mortality. Cathepsin L (CTSL) is a lysosomal cysteine protease that promotes tumor metastasis by degrading the extracellular matrix. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that CTSL expression was higher in tumorous than in non-tumorous tissues of breast cancer patients and that high-level CTSL expression correlated positively with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhibiting CTSL activity in tumor cells would prevent metastasis. In this study, we characterized the inhibitory activity of SnuCalCpI15, the I29 domain of a CTSL-like cysteine protease from Calotropis procera R. Br., and revealed that the propeptide stereoselectively inhibited CTSL in a reversible slow-binding manner, with an inhibitory constant (Ki) value of 1.38 ± 0.71 nM, indicating its potency as an exogenous inhibitor in anti-cancer therapy. SnuCalCpI15 was localized intracellularly in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and suppressed tumor cell migration and invasion. These results demonstrate the potential of SnuCalCpI15 as a novel agent to prevent breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Kyungsung University, Busan, 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Juno Lee
- Center for Agricultural Microorganism and Enzyme, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Bi Seo
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Project (BK21PLUS), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Juchan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyeon Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Ki Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjong Yu
- Major of Food Science and Biotechnology, Division of Bio-Convergence, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Ye
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Science Project (BK21PLUS), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Neuro-Immune Information Storage Network Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, 25159, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Center for Agricultural Microorganism and Enzyme, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Chen L, Xiang H, Yang H, Zhang J, Huang B, Tan Z, Wang Y, Ma H. Inhibition of porcine origin Klebsiella pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide and immune escape by BY3 compounded traditional Chinese medicine residue fermentation broth. Microb Pathog 2024; 195:106853. [PMID: 39147214 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a gram-negative conditionally pathogenic bacterium that causes disease primarily in immunocompromised individuals. Recently, highly virulent K. pneumoniae strains have caused severe disease in healthy individuals, posing significant challenges to global infection control. Capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a major virulence determinant of K. pneumoniae, protects the bacteria from being killed by the host immune system, suggesting an urgent need for the development of drugs to prevent or treat K. pneumoniae infections. In this study, BY3 compounded traditional Chinese medicine residue (TCMR) was carried out using Lactobacillus rhamnosus as a fermentation strain, and BY3 compounded TCMR fermentation broth (BY3 fermentation broth) was obtained. The transcription of K. pneumoniae CPS-related biosynthesis genes after treatment with BY3 fermentation broth was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effects of BY3 fermentation broth on K. pneumoniae serum killing, macrophage phagocytosis, complement deposition and human β-defensin transcription were investigated. The therapeutic effect of BY3 fermentation broth on K. pneumoniae-infected mice was also observed, and the major active components of BY3 fermentation broth were analysed via LC‒MS analysis, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. The results showed that BY3 fermentation broth inhibited K. pneumoniae CPS production and downregulated transcription of CPS-related biosynthesis genes, which weakened bacterial resistance to serum killing and phagocytosis, while promoting bacterial surface complement C3 deposition and human β-defensin expression. BY3 fermentation broth demonstrated safety and therapeutic effects in vivo and in vitro, restoring body weight and visceral indices, significantly reducing the organ bacterial load and serum cytokine levels, and alleviating pathological organ damage in mice. In addition, three natural compounds-oleanolic acid, quercetin, and palmitoleic acid-were identified as the major active components in the BY3 fermentation broth. Therefore, BY3 fermentation broth may be a promising strategy for the prevention or treatment of K. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hua Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Jilin Province Wanbang Goose Technical Service Company, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Bowen Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zining Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Hongxia Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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13
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Zhu W, Cremonini E, Mastaloudis A, Oteiza PI. Glucoraphanin and sulforaphane mitigate TNFα-induced Caco-2 monolayers permeabilization and inflammation. Redox Biol 2024; 76:103359. [PMID: 39298837 PMCID: PMC11426148 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal permeabilization is central to the pathophysiology of chronic gut inflammation. This study investigated the efficacy of glucoraphanin (GR), prevalent in cruciferous vegetables, particularly broccoli, and its derivative sulforaphane (SF), in inhibiting tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced Caco-2 cell monolayers inflammation and permeabilization through the regulation of redox-sensitive events. TNFα binding to its receptor led to a rapid increase in oxidant production and subsequent elevation in the mRNA levels of NOX1, NOX4, and Duox2. GR and SF dose-dependently mitigated both these short- and long-term alterations in redox homeostasis. Downstream, GR and SF inhibited the activation of the redox-sensitive signaling cascades NF-κB (p65 and IKK) and MAPK ERK1/2, which contribute to inflammation and barrier permeabilization. GR (1 μM) and SF (0.5-1 μM) prevented TNFα-induced monolayer permeabilization and the associated reduction in the levels of the tight junction (TJ) proteins occludin and ZO-1. Both GR and SF also mitigated TNFα-induced increased mRNA levels of the myosin light chain kinase, which promotes TJ opening. Molecular docking suggests that although GR is mostly not absorbed, it could interact with extracellular and membrane sites in NOX1. Inhibition of NOX1 activity by GR would mitigate TNFα receptor downstream signaling and associated events. These findings support the concept that not only SF, but also GR, could exert systemic health benefits by protecting the intestinal barrier against inflammation-induced permeabilization, in part by regulating redox-sensitive pathways. GR has heretofore not been viewed as a biologically active molecule, but rather, the benign precursor of highly active SF. The consumption of GR and/or SF-rich vegetables or supplements in the diet may offer a means to mitigate the detrimental consequences of intestinal permeabilization, not only in disease states but also in conditions characterized by chronic inflammation of dietary and lifestyle origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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14
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Ertik O, Yanardag R. Purification and characterization of glutamate dehydrogenase from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver and molecular docking studies. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:1005-1024. [PMID: 38689532 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) participates in the energy metabolism of proteins and the synthesis of metabolites important for the organism. In this study, GDH enzyme was purified from the liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by 2',5'-ADP Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography in one step. As a result of this purification process, GDH enzyme was purified 171-fold with 5.83 U/mg protein-specific activity. The characterization experiments presented that the storage stability of the purified GDH enzyme was determined as -80°C; optimum temperature 40°C; it was determined that the optimum ionic strength was 100 mM phosphate buffer and the optimum pH was 8.00. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and PAGE studies showed that the natural molar mass of the purified GDH enzyme was 346.74 kDa, and the molar mass of its subunits was 53.71 kDa. Km and Vmax values for substrates and coenzymes of GDH enzyme purified from rainbow trout liver were calculated, and the lowest Km value was found in NAD+ (1.86 mM) and the highest Vmax value in NH4 + (1.79 U/mL). The effects of some metal ions, vitamins, and solvents on the activity of the purified GDH enzyme were investigated and also IC50 values and inhibition types. The metal ion with the lowest IC50 value is Ag+ (8.65 ± 1.68 μM), and the vitamin is B6 (0.77 ± 0.04 mM). The binding affinities of inhibitors were investigated with molecular docking, based on the conformational state of GDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Ertik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Chen S, Chen K, Lin Y, Wang S, Yu H, Chang C, Cheng T, Hsieh C, Li J, Lai H, Chen D, Huang C. Ganoderic acid T, a Ganoderma triterpenoid, modulates the tumor microenvironment and enhances the chemotherapy and immunotherapy efficacy through downregulating galectin-1 levels. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 491:117069. [PMID: 39142358 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.117069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Ganoderic acid T (GAT), a triterpenoid molecule of Ganoderma lucidum, exhibits anti-cancer activity; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-cancer molecular mechanisms of GAT and explore its therapeutic applications for cancer treatment. GAT exhibited potent anti-cancer activity in an ES-2 orthotopic ovarian cancer model in a humanized mouse model, leading to significant alterations in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Specifically, GAT reduced the proportion of α-SMA+ cells and enhanced the infiltration of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in tumor tissues. After conducting proteomic analysis, it was revealed that GAT downregulates galectin-1 (Gal-1), a key molecule in the TME. This downregulation has been confirmed in multiple cancer cell lines and xenograft tumors. Molecular docking suggested a theoretical direct interaction between GAT and Gal-1. Further research revealed that GAT induces ubiquitination of Gal-1. Moreover, GAT significantly augmented the anti-cancer effects of paclitaxel, thereby increasing intratumoral drug concentrations and reducing tumor size. Combined with immunotherapy, GAT enhanced the tumor-suppressive effects of the anti-programmed death-ligand 1 antibody and increased the proportion of CD8+ cells in the EMT6 syngeneic mammary cancer model. In conclusion, GAT inhibited tumor growth, downregulated Gal-1, modulated the TME, and promoted chemotherapy and immunotherapy efficacy. Our findings highlight the potential of GAT as an effective therapeutic agent for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyu Chen
- Trineo Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 20F, No.81, Sec.1, Xintai 5th Rd, Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan
| | - Kuangdee Chen
- Trineo Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 20F, No.81, Sec.1, Xintai 5th Rd, Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan
| | - Yihsiu Lin
- Trineo Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 20F, No.81, Sec.1, Xintai 5th Rd, Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan
| | - Ssuchia Wang
- Trineo Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 20F, No.81, Sec.1, Xintai 5th Rd, Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan
| | - Huichuan Yu
- Trineo Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 20F, No.81, Sec.1, Xintai 5th Rd, Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan
| | - Chaohsuan Chang
- Trineo Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 20F, No.81, Sec.1, Xintai 5th Rd, Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan
| | - Tingchun Cheng
- Trineo Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 20F, No.81, Sec.1, Xintai 5th Rd, Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan
| | - Chiaoyun Hsieh
- Trineo Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 20F, No.81, Sec.1, Xintai 5th Rd, Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan
| | - Jiayi Li
- Trineo Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 20F, No.81, Sec.1, Xintai 5th Rd, Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan
| | - Hsiaohsuan Lai
- Trineo Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 20F, No.81, Sec.1, Xintai 5th Rd, Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan
| | - Denghai Chen
- Trineo Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 20F, No.81, Sec.1, Xintai 5th Rd, Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan.
| | - Chengpo Huang
- Trineo Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 20F, No.81, Sec.1, Xintai 5th Rd, Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan.
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16
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Zhang C, Li X, Wen P, Li Y. Ellagic acid improves osteoarthritis by inhibiting PGE2 production in M1 macrophages via targeting PTGS2. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2024; 51:e13918. [PMID: 39188023 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterised by inflammation and cartilage degeneration. Ellagic acid (EA) might have therapeutic potential in OA, but its molecular mechanisms of action remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify the docking protein of EA in M1 macrophage-related pro-inflammation in OA. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify ellagic acid's potential targets among OA-related dysregulated genes. THP-1 cells were induced into M0 and polarised into M1 macrophages for in vitro studies. Mice knee models of OA were generated for in vivo studies. Results showed that PTGS2 (also known as COX-2) is a potential target of ellagic acid among OA-related dysregulated genes. EA has multiple low-energy binding sites on PTGS2, including sites containing amino acid residues critical for the enzyme's catalytic activity. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays confirmed the physical interaction between ellagic acid and recombinant PTGS2 protein, with a dissociation constant (KD) of 5.03 ± 0.84 μM. EA treatment suppressed PTGS2 expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in M1 macrophages. Besides, ellagic acid can directly inhibit PTGS2 enzyme activity, with an IC50 around 50 μM. Importantly, in a mouse model of OA, ellagic acid administration alleviated disease severity, reduced collagen II degradation and MMP13 generation, and decreased serum PGE2 levels. Collectively, these results suggest that PTGS2 is a key target of ellagic acid's anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoke Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Pengyuan Wen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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17
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De L, Xing N, Du Q, Guo S, Wang S. Investigating the anti-lung cancer properties of Zhuang medicine Cycas revoluta Thunb. leaves targeting ion channels and transporters through a comprehensive strategy. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 112:108156. [PMID: 39067352 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2024.108156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cycas revoluta Thunb., known for its ornamental, economic, and medicinal value, has leaves often discarded as waste. However, in ethnic regions of China, the leaves (CRL) are used in folk medicine for anti-tumor properties, particularly for regulating pathways related to cancer. Recent studies on ion channels and transporters (ICTs) highlight their therapeutic potential against cancer, making it vital to identify CRL's active constituents targeting ICTs in lung cancer. PURPOSE This study aims to uncover bioactive substances in CRL and their mechanisms in regulating ICTs for lung cancer treatment using network pharmacology, bioinformatics, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, in vitro cell assays and HPLC. METHODS We analyzed 62 CRL compounds, predicted targets using PubChem and SwissTargetPrediction, identified lung cancer and ICT targets via GeneCards, and visualized overlaps with R software. Interaction networks were constructed using Cytoscape and STRING. Gene expression, GO, and KEGG analyses were performed using R software. TCGA data provided insights into differential, correlation, survival, and immune analyses. Key interactions were validated through molecular docking and MD simulations. Main biflavonoids were quantified using HPLC, and in vitro cell viability assays were conducted for key biflavonoids. RESULTS Venn diagram analysis identified 52 intersecting targets and ten active CRL compounds. The PPI network highlighted seven key targets. GO and KEGG analysis showed CRL-targeted ICTs involved in synaptic transmission, GABAergic synapse, and proteoglycans in cancer. Differential expression and correlation analysis revealed significant differences in five core targets in lung cancer tissues. Survival analysis linked EGFR and GABRG2 with overall survival, and immune infiltration analysis associated the core targets with most immune cell types. Molecular docking indicated strong binding of CRL ingredients to core targets. HPLC revealed amentoflavone as the most abundant biflavonoid, followed by hinokiflavone, sciadopitysin, and podocarpusflavone A. MD simulations showed that podocarpusflavone A and amentoflavone had better binding stability with GABRG2, and the cell viability assay also proved that they had better anti-lung cancer potential. CONCLUSIONS This study identified potential active components, targets, and pathways of CRL-targeted ICTs for lung cancer treatment, suggesting CRL's utility in drug development and its potential beyond industrial waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo De
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Meishan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Nan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qinyun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Sa Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Meishan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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18
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Hu J, Bao G, Pan X, Wang H, Xing N. Revealing the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of different particle size microplastics on diethyl phthalate (DEP) in rye (Secale cereale L.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:135979. [PMID: 39368355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how widely distributed microplastics (MPs) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) interact with crops remains limited, despite their significant implications for human exposure. We used physiology, transcriptomics, adsorption kinetics, and computational chemistry to assess rye's molecular response to two sizes of MPs (200 nm and 5 µm) and DEP, both individually and in combination. Findings systematically highlight potential ecological risks from MPs and DEP, with ecotoxicity ranking as follows: CK (Control Check) < LMPs < SMPs < DEP < LMPs+DEP < SMPs+DEP. Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy revealed SMP's translocation ability in rye and its potential to disrupt leaf cells. DEP increased the electronegativity on MPs, which enhanced their uptake by rye. DEP adsorption by MPs in hydroponics reduced DEP bioavailability in rye (18.17-46.91 %). Molecular docking studies showed DEP interacted with chlorophyll, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferases proteins' active sites. Transcriptomic analysis identified significant up-regulation of genes linked to mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, phytohormones, and antioxidant systems in rye exposed to MPs and DEP, correlating with physiological changes. These findings deepen the understanding of how MPs can accumulate and translocate within rye, and their adsorption to DEP raises crop safety issues of greater environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinke Hu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University), Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Guozhang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University), Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Xinyu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University), Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Huixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University), Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Ningning Xing
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.
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19
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Zhang Y, Jin Y, Zhao N, Wang T, Wang X, Li Z, Yan Y. Mechanistic Insights into Suanzaoren Decoction's Improvement of Cardiac Contractile Function in Anxiety-Induced Cardiac Insufficiency. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024:118860. [PMID: 39341264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE According to traditional Chinese medicine, Anxiety-induced cardiac blood insufficiency leads to palpitations and restlessness. Suanzaoren Decoction (SD) is effective in replenishing blood and promoting blood circulation. Clinical practice has shown that it has a better therapeutic effect on cardiac insufficiency. However, its mechanism of action is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aims to determine the mechanism by which SD treats chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced anxiety-induced cardiac insufficiency (ACI). MATERIALS AND METHODS SD was orally administered to mice with CRS-induced ACI. Firstly, we constructed an anxiety model in mice by CRS. Subsequently, SD was investigated to assess cardiac function and pathological changes through echocardiography, H&E staining, and Masson staining. Thirdly, the function of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and enzyme activity assays. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were employed to predict potential targets for SD treatment of cardiac insufficiency. CaMKII expression was scrutinized utilizing publicly accessible databases. CaMKII was identified as a target through immunohistochemistry and Western Blot analysis in mouse hearts. Finally, the therapeutic mechanism of SD was confirmed in injured cardiomyocytes via Western Blot and quantitative PCR. RESULTS SD exerted anxiolytic effects by increasing the frequency of entries into and the duration spent in open arms while reducing the time spent in the light chamber and increasing the number of transitions between light and dark chambers. Additionally, it mitigated cardiac insufficiency, as evidenced by the enhancement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and attenuation of cardiomyocyte damage and inflammatory infiltration. However, SD did not alleviate the elevated norepinephrine (NE) and decreased Acetylcholine (Ach) in anxiety states. To investigate the mechanism of action of SD, we constructed a Drug-Component-Target-Disease network, identifying 13 potential active compounds. Additionally, leveraging bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking targeting heart diseases characterized by clinical left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), we focused on the CaMKII target. The ability of SD to modulate CaMKII expression and phosphorylation in the mouse heart was investigated using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. SD was found to alleviate NE-injured cardiomyocytes by modulating the Ca2+/CaMKII/MEF2 and GATA4 pathways. CONCLUSION SD is a potential formula for the treatment of chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced ACI that ameliorates cardiomyocyte injury and improves cardiac function. Its efficacy is associated with the inhibition of the Ca2+/ CaMKII /MEF2 and GATA4 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yue Jin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Ni Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuanlin Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
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Machida A, Banshoya K, Miyamaru A, Eto T, Maehara S, Hieda Y, Hata T, Ohnishi M. A Glycyrrhizin Derivative with a More Potent Inhibitory Activity against High-Mobility Group Box 1 Efficiently Discovered by Chemical Synthesis Inspired by the Bioconversion Products of an Endophytic Fungus Isolated from Licorice. J Med Chem 2024; 67:16328-16337. [PMID: 39231005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizin (GL) from licorice alleviates intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) injuries by interacting with high-mobility group box (HMGB) 1, an inflammatory factor. We found that GL is bioconverted by endophyte coexisting with licorice and succeeded in isolating two derivatives. The aim of this study was to identify the compound with more potent HMGB1 inhibitory activity inspired by these GL derivatives. We took advantage of a ketone introduced by an endophyte at the C-3 position and attempted methyl esterification at the C-30 position because it was suggested that the water or lipid solubility of the molecule plays an important role. Among three derivatives synthesized, the product that is both ketonized and esterified showed more potent HMGB1 inhibitory activity than GL in macrophages and significantly improved adverse events occurred in ICH in vivo. These results suggest that modification of the hydrophilicity of GL, particularly at the C-3 and C-30 positions, enhances the HMGB1 inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Machida
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1, Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Kengo Banshoya
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1, Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1, Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Akiho Miyamaru
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1, Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Tamaki Eto
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1, Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Shoji Maehara
- Department of Physical Chemistry for Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1, Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Yuhzo Hieda
- Common Resources Center, Fukuyama University, 985-1, Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hata
- Department of Physical Chemistry for Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1, Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ohnishi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1, Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1, Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
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21
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Xu F, Li Z, Liu T, Pang X, Fan C, Jiang H. The role of cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Focus on IL-6 as a target gene. Cytokine 2024; 184:156762. [PMID: 39326197 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease. However, the specific role of senescence in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unknown. This study aimed to identify potential aging-related genes that have diagnostic and therapeutic value for RA. METHODS The GSE89408 dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Aging-related genes were downloaded from the HAGR database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were subsequently identified with the "edgeR" tool. Next, hub genes were identified with a PPI network and CytoHubba analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic value of these hub genes. Immune infiltration analysis was performed with the CIBERSORT algorithm. Additionally, molecular docking was performed with CB-Dock2. Finally, correlation experiments were performed to validate the bioinformatics and molecular docking results. RESULTS A total of 22 ADEGs were identified. Combined PPI network and CytoHubba analyses identified a total of 7 hub genes, including IL-6, IL7R, IL2RG, CDK1, PTGS2, and LEP, which are associated mainly with inflammation and immune responses. ROC analysis revealed that the hub genes were highly predictive of RA. Analysis of immune infiltration revealed that the 6 hub genes were positively associated with M1 macrophages. Validation experiments revealed that the inhibition of IL-6 significantly decreased the degree of synovial fibroblast (FLS) senescence. Furthermore, molecular docking and validation experiments revealed that IL-6 is a potential target for drug therapy. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that RA-FLS senescence may promote the development of RA via inflammatory and immune mechanisms. Seven hub genes were identified, of which IL-6 is a reliable biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Xu
- Clinical Research Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Clinical Research Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Clinical Research Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Pang
- Clinical Research Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Chang Fan
- Clinical Research Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Clinical Research Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China.
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22
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Ahmed EA, Abdelsalam SA. Marine Bioactive Molecules as Inhibitors of the Janus Kinases: A Comparative Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Approach. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:10635-10650. [PMID: 39329982 PMCID: PMC11430628 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46090631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A treasure trove of naturally occurring biomolecules can be obtained from sea living organisms to be used as potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. These bioactive molecules can target signaling molecules involved in the severity of chronic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The intracellular tyrosine kinases family, Janus kinases (JAKs, includes JAK1, JAK2, and JAK3), is implicated in the pathogenesis of RA through regulating several cytokines and inflammatory processes. In the present study, we conducted molecular docking and structural analysis investigations to explore the role of a set of bioactive molecules from marine sources that can be used as JAKs' specific inhibitors. Around 200 antioxidants and anti-inflammatory molecules out of thousands of marine molecules found at the Comprehensive Marine Natural Products Database (CMNPD) website, were used in that analysis. The details of the interacting residues were compared to the recent FDA approved inhibitors tofacitinib and baricitinib for data validation. The shortlisted critical amino acids residues of our pharmacophore-based virtual screening were LYS905, GLU957, LEU959, and ASP1003 at JAK1, GLU930 and LEU932 at JAK2, and GLU905 and CYS909 of JAK3. Interestingly, marine biomolecules such as Sargachromanol G, Isopseudopterosin E, Seco-Pseudopterosin, and CID 10071610 showed specific binding and significantly higher binding energy to JAK1 active/potential sites when being compared with the approved inhibitors. In addition, Zoanthoxanthin and Fuscoside E bind to JAK2's critical residues, GLU930 and LEU932. Moreover, Phorbaketal and Fuscoside E appear to be potential candidates that can inhibit JAK3 activity. These results were validated using molecular dynamics simulation for the docked complexes, JAK1(6sm8)/SG, JAK2 (3jy9)/ZAX, and JAK3 (6pjc)/Fuscoside E, where stable and lower binding energy were found based on analyzing set of parameters, discussed below (videos are attached). A promising role of these marine bioactive molecules can be confirmed in prospective preclinical/clinical investigations using rheumatoid arthritis models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad A. Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofouf 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Lab of Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt;
| | - Salah A. Abdelsalam
- Lab of Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt;
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
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23
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Rivera ZAA, Talubo NDD, Cabrera HS. Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis of Morinda citrifolia Fruit Metabolites Suggest Anxiety Modulation through Glutamatergic Pathways. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:1182. [PMID: 39337965 PMCID: PMC11433110 DOI: 10.3390/life14091182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The fruit of Morinda citrifolia, also known as the noni tree, has been extensively used in Polynesian culture as an alternative medicine to various diseases. Recent studies have pointed out its anxiolytic activity in vitro and in mouse models. Despite the effectiveness of developed anxiolytic drugs in the market, the potential side effects of these medications have led people to resort to traditional medicine such as M. citrifolia. However, evidence regarding its anti-anxiety characteristics is still lacking to this day. Hence, this preliminary study implemented combined network pharmacology and molecular docking to validate its anti-anxiety claims. This study highlighted the bioactive compounds of the M. citrifolia fruit part to have excellent absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties, particularly their outstanding oral bioavailability and blood-brain barrier penetration, both of which are essential considerations to ensure the effectiveness of anxiolytic drugs to arrive at the site of action. Moreover, noni fruit metabolites target genes involved in glutamatergic synapse pathways, which have been significantly associated with anxiety. Through molecular docking, selected compounds exhibited a strong binding affinity towards GRIA2 and PRKCA, both of which have connections with glutamatergic pathways. With all things considered, the results established that the noni fruit potentially contains therapeutic agents that elicit anti-anxiety potential. Through this, the promotion of a more sustainable, accessible, and affordable treatment of anxiety could be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaina Allyson A Rivera
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines
- School of Graduate Studies, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Nicholas Dale D Talubo
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines
- School of Graduate Studies, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Heherson S Cabrera
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines
- Department of Biology, School of Health Sciences, Mapúa University, Makati 1200, Philippines
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24
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Chen W, Sun L, Wu X, Xu Z, Chen CY, Liu S, Chen H, Sun B, Dong M. Heterologous Expression of Ketoreductase ChKRED20 Mutant in Pichia pastoris and Bioreductive Production of ( R)-1, 3-Butanediol. Molecules 2024; 29:4393. [PMID: 39339388 PMCID: PMC11433769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
(R)-1, 3-Butanediol (1, 3-BDO) is an important intermediate in the synthesis of aromatics, pheromones, insecticides, and beta-lactam antibiotics. The ChKRED20 is a robust NADH-dependent ketoreductase identified from Chryseobacterium sp. CA49. We obtained a ChKRED20 mutant (M12) through directed evolutionary screening of ChKRED20, the mutant with significantly improved activity to asymmetrically reduce 4-hydroxy-2-butanone (4H2B) to (R)-1, 3-BDO. So far, both ChKRED20 and its mutants have been expressed in intracellular in E. coli, the process of purification after intracellular expression is complicated, which leads to high cost. Here, we expressed M12 by constructing multicopy expression strains in P. pastoris, and the target protein yield was 302 mg/L in shake-flask fermentation and approximately 3.5 g/L in high-density fermentation. The recombinant M12 showed optimal enzyme activity at 30 °C and had high activity within a broad pH range of 6.0-8.0, and also showed high thermal stability. The recombinant M12 was further used for the reduction of 4H2B to (R)-1, 3-BDO, and 98.9% yield was achieved at 4540 mM 4H2B. The crude M12 enzyme extract was found to catalyze the bioreductive production of (R)-1, 3-BDO with excellent stereoselectivity (ee > 99%) and meet the production requirements. Our research shows that the M12 mutant can be used for the synthesis of (R)-1, 3-BDO, and the P. pastoris expression system is an ideal platform for the large-scale, low-cost preparation of ChKRED20 or its mutants, which may have applications in industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanping Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China;
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315100, China; (L.S.); (X.W.); (S.L.); (H.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (Z.X.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Lei Sun
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315100, China; (L.S.); (X.W.); (S.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Xinwei Wu
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315100, China; (L.S.); (X.W.); (S.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Zhenni Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (Z.X.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Chin-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (Z.X.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Sitong Liu
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315100, China; (L.S.); (X.W.); (S.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Haibin Chen
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315100, China; (L.S.); (X.W.); (S.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315100, China; (L.S.); (X.W.); (S.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Mingxin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China;
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25
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Chen G, He H, Lv Q, Zhao L, Chen CYC. MMFA-DTA: Multimodal Feature Attention Fusion Network for Drug-Target Affinity Prediction for Drug Repurposing Against SARS-CoV-2. J Chem Theory Comput 2024. [PMID: 39269697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The continuous emergence of novel infectious diseases poses a significant threat to global public health security, necessitating the development of small-molecule inhibitors that directly target pathogens. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 have been validated as potential key antiviral drug targets for the treatment of COVID-19. However, the conventional new drug R&D cycle takes 10-15 years, failing to meet the urgent needs during epidemics. Here, we propose a general multimodal deep learning framework for drug repurposing, MMFA-DTA, to enable rapid virtual screening of known drugs and significantly improve discovery efficiency. By extracting graph topological and sequence features from both small molecules and proteins, we design attention mechanisms to achieve dynamic fusion across modalities. Results demonstrate the superior performance of MMFA-DTA in drug-target affinity prediction over several state-of-the-art baseline methods on Davis and KIBA data sets, validating the benefits of heterogeneous information integration for representation learning and interaction modeling. Further fine-tuning on COVID-19-relevant bioactivity data enhances model predictions for critical SARS-CoV-2 enzymes. Case studies screening the FDA-approved drug library successfully identify etacrynic acid as the potential lead compound against both RdRp and Mpro. Molecular dynamics simulations further confirm the stability and binding affinity of etacrynic acid to these targets. This study proves the great potential and advantages of deep learning and drug repurposing strategies in supporting antiviral drug discovery. The proposed general and rapid response computational framework holds significance for preparedness against future public health events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxing Chen
- Artificial Intelligence Medical Research Center, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Haohuai He
- Artificial Intelligence Medical Research Center, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Qiujie Lv
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Calvin Yu-Chian Chen
- Artificial Intelligence Medical Research Center, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- AI for Science (AI4S)-Preferred Program, School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Guangdong L-Med Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Meizhou, Guangdong 514699, China
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26
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Banik SP, Kumar P, Basak P, Goel A, Ohia SE, Bagchi M, Chakraborty S, Kundu A, Bagchi D. A critical insight into the physicochemical stability of macular carotenoids with respect to their industrial production, safety profile, targeted tissue delivery, and bioavailability. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39252190 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2401924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Lutein, zeaxanthin, and mesozeaxanthin, collectively termed as macular pigments, are key carotenoids integral to optimized central vision of the eye. Therefore, nutraceuticals and functional foods have been developed commercially using carotenoid rich flowers, such as marigold and calendula or single celled photosynthetic algae, such as the Dunaliella. Industrial formulation of such products enriched in macular pigments have often suffered from serious bottlenecks in stability, delivery, and bioavailability. The two chief factors largely responsible for decreasing the shelf-life have been solubility and oxidation of these pigments owing to their strong lipophilic nature and presence of conjugated double bonds. In this regard, oil-based formulations have often been found to be more suitable than powder-based formulations in terms of shelf life and targeted delivery. In some cases, addition of phenolic acids in the formulations have also augmented the product value by enhancing micellization. In this regard, a novel proprietary formulation of these pigments has been developed in our laboratory utilizing marigold extracts in a colloidal solution of extra virgin olive oil and canola oil fortified with antioxidants like thyme oil, tocopherol, and ascorbyl palmitate. This review article presents an updated insight into the stability and bioavailability of industrially manufactured macular carotenoids together with their safety and solubility issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samudra P Banik
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- R&D Department, Chemical Resources (CHERESO), Panchkula, India
| | - Pijush Basak
- Jagadis Bose National Science Talent Search, Kolkata, India
| | - Apurva Goel
- Regulatory Department, Chemical Resources (CHERESO), Panchkula, India
| | - Sunny E Ohia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Sanjoy Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, New York City College of Technology/CUNY, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Arijit Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata, India
| | - Debasis Bagchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
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Mokhtari T, El-Meghawry El-Kenawy A. Molecular mechanisms of Schisandra chinensis in treating depression-neuropathic pain comorbidity by network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis. Neuroscience 2024; 555:92-105. [PMID: 39032805 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
This study utilized network pharmacology and docking analyses to explore a groundbreaking therapeutic approach for managing the neuropathic pain and depressive disorder (NP/DD) comorbidity. Schisandra chinensis (SC), a common Chinese medicine, has demonstrated numerous beneficial effects in treating neuropsychological disorders. The main objective of this study was to identify potential bioactive components of SC and investigate their interactions with relevant target genes associated with NP/DD. To gain insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms, GO and KEGG analyses were conducted. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis was employed to validate the therapeutic relevance of SC's active ingredients. Seven bioactive components of SC, namely Longikaurin A, Deoxyharringtonine, Angeloylgomisin O, Schisandrin B, Gomisin A, Gomisin G, and Gomisin R, exhibited effectiveness in the treatment of NP/DD. From this list, the first five components were selected for further analysis. The analyses revealed a complex network of interactions between the targets of SC and NP/DD, providing valuable information about the molecular mechanisms involved in the treatment of NP/DD with SC. SC components demonstrated the ability to regulate pathways involving tumor necrosis factor (TNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and other growth hormones (GH). Overall, this study contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of SC in treating NP/DD. Further investigation is necessary to explore the therapeutic potential of SC as a viable strategy for NP/DD comorbidity. These findings lay a solid foundation for future research endeavors in this field, holding potential implications for the development of novel therapeutic interventions targeting NP/DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmineh Mokhtari
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.
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Wen Z, Ablimit A. Comprehensive analysis of scRNA-Seq and bulk RNA-Seq reveals ubiquitin promotes pulmonary fibrosis in chronic pulmonary diseases. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21195. [PMID: 39261509 PMCID: PMC11390722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that there are 544.9 million people suffering from chronic respiratory diseases in the world, which is the third largest chronic disease. Although there are various clinical treatment methods, there is no specific drug for chronic pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease (ILD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the pathological mechanism and medication development. Single-cell transcriptome data of human and mouse from GEO database were integrated by "Harmony" algorithm. The data was standardized and normalized by using "Seurat" package, and "SingleR" algorithm was used for cell grouping annotation. The "Findmarker" function is used to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were enriched and analyzed by using "clusterProfiler", and a protein interaction network was constructed for DEGs, and four algorithms are used to find the hub genes. The expression of hub genes were analyzed in independent human and mouse single-cell transcriptome data. Bulk RNA data were used to integrate by the "SVA" function, verify the expression levels of hub genes and build a diagnostic model. The L1000FWD platform was used to screen potential drugs. Through exploring the similarities and differences by integrated single-cell atlas, we found that the lung parenchymal cells showed abnormal oxidative stress, cell matrix adhesion and ubiquitination in COPD, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), ILD and IPF. Meanwhile, the lung resident immune cells showed abnormal Toll-like receptor signals, interferon signals and ubiquitination. However, unlike acute pneumonia (COVID-19), chronic pulmonary disease shows enhanced ubiquitination. This phenomenon was confirmed in independent external human single-cell atlas, but unfortunately, it was not confirmed in mouse single-cell atlas of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model and influenza virus-infected mouse model, which means that the model needs to be optimized. In addition, the bulk RNA-Seq data of COVID-19, ILD and IPF was integrated, and we found that the immune infiltration of lung tissue was enhanced, consistent with the single-cell level, UBA52, UBB and UBC were low expressed in COVID-19 and high expressed in ILD, and had a strong correlation with the expression of cell matrix adhesion genes. UBA52 and UBB have good diagnostic efficacy, and salermide and SSR-69071 can be used as their candidate drugs. Our study found that the disorder of protein ubiquitination in chronic pulmonary diseases is an important cause of pathological phenotype of pulmonary fibrosis by integrating scRNA-Seq and bulk RNA-Seq, which provides a new horizons for clinicopathology, diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuman Wen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
- College of Nursing and Health, Xinjiang Career Technical College, Kuitun, China
| | - Abduxukur Ablimit
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China.
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Zhang Q, Wu T, Luo C, Xie H, Wang D, Peng J, Wu K, Huang W. Ecotoxicological risk assessment of the novel psychoactive substance Esketamine: Emphasis on fish skeletal, behavioral, and vascular development. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:135823. [PMID: 39278034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Novel psychoactive substances (NPS), such as Esketamine (Esket), often contaminate the aquatic ecosystems following human consumption, raising concerns about the residues and potential ecological hazards to non-target organisms. The study used zebrafish as a model organism to investigate the developmental toxicity and ecotoxicological effects of acute Esket exposure. Our findings demonstrate that exposure to Esket significantly affected the early development and angiogenesis of zebrafish embryos/larvae. The mandible length was significantly decreased, and the angles between the pharyngeal arch cartilages were narrowed compared to the control group (all P < 0.05). Additionally, Esket resulted in a decrease of 47.6-89.8 % in the number of neural crest cells (NCC). Transcriptome analysis indicated altered expression of genes associated with cartilage and osteoblast growth. Moreover, Esket significantly inhibited swimming ability in zebrafish larvae and was accompanied by behavioral abnormalities and molecular alterations in the brain. Potential mechanisms underlying Esket-induced behavioral disorders involve neurotransmitter system impairment, abnormal cartilage development and function, aberrant vascular development, as well as perturbations in oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling pathways. Notably, the dysregulation of skeleton development through the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway is identified as the primary mechanistic behind Esket-induced behavioral disorder. This study enhances our understanding of Esket's ecotoxicology profile and provides a comprehensive assessment of the environmental risks associated with NPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Tianjie Wu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Congying Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Han Xie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Dinghui Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiajun Peng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, PR China.
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Chen Y, Chen M, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Liu P, Li P. Morroniside attenuates podocytes lipid deposition in diabetic nephropathy: A network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation study. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112560. [PMID: 38959541 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is a key factor influencing the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Morroniside (MOR) is a major active compound isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Cornus officinalis, our previous research found that it can improve the lipid deposition of renal tubular epithelial cells. The purpose of this study is to explore whether MOR can improve podocyte lipid deposition and its mechanism of reducing DN. METHODS Initially, we used network pharmacology and bioinformatics techniques to predict the relationship between renal lipid metabolism of MOR and DN. Subsequently, the binding activity of MOR with lipid-related proteins was studied by molecular docking to determine how MOR acts through these proteins. After determining the target of MOR, animal experiments and cell tests were carried out to verify it. RESULTS Using network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and molecular docking, target proteins for MOR treatment of DN were predicted and screened, including PGC-1α, LXRs, ABCA1, PPARY, CD36, and nephrin. It is particularly noted that MOR effectively binds to PGC-1α, while LXRs, ABCA1, PPARY and CD36 are downstream molecules of PGC-1α. Silencing the PGC-1α gene significantly reduced the therapeutic effects of MOR. Conversely, in groups without PGC-1α knockdown, MOR was able to increase the expression levels of PGC-1α and influence the expression of downstream proteins. Furthermore, through in vivo and in vitro experiments, utilizing techniques such as lipid droplet staining, PAS, MASSON staining, immunofluorescence, and Western blot, we found that MOR effectively elevated the expression levels of the podocyte protein nephrin and lipid metabolism-regulating proteins PGC-1α, PPARY, and ABCA1, while significantly inhibiting the expression of the lipid accumulation promoter CD36. CONCLUSION MOR can regulate the cholesterol efflux in podocytes via the PGC-1α/LXRs/ABCA1 signaling pathway, and control cholesterol intake via the PGC-1α/PPARY/CD36 signaling pathway, thereby ameliorating lipid deposition in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- First People's Hospital of Qiqihaer City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Giraldo-Berrio D, Jimenez-Del-Rio M, Velez-Pardo C. Minocycline mitigates Aβ and TAU pathology, neuronal dysfunction, and death in the PSEN1 E280A cholinergic-like neurons model of familial Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2024; 261:110152. [PMID: 39245141 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) presenilin 1 E280A (PSEN1 E280A) is a severe neurological condition due to the loss of cholinergic neurons (ChNs), accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ), and abnormal phosphorylation of the TAU protein. Up to date, there are no effective therapies available. The need for innovative treatments for this illness is critical. We found that minocycline (MC, 5 μM) was innocuous toward wild-type (WT) PSEN1 ChLNs but significantly (i) reduces the accumulation of intracellular Aβ by -69%, (ii) blocks both abnormal phosphorylation of the protein TAU at residue Ser202/Thr205 by -33% and (iii) phosphorylation of the proapoptotic transcription factor c-JUN at residue Ser63/Ser73 by -25%, (iv) diminishes oxidized DJ-1 at Cys106-SO3 by -29%, (v) downregulates the expression of transcription factor TP53, (vi) BH-3-only protein PUMA, and (vii) cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) by -33, -86, and -78%, respectively, compared with untreated PSEN1 E280A ChLNs. Additionally, MC increases the response to ACh-induced Ca2+ influx by +92% in mutant ChLNs. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) analysis showed that MC might operate more efficiently as a hydrogen atom transfer agent than a single electron transfer agent. In silico molecular docking analysis predicts that MC binds with high affinity to Aβ (Vina Score -6.6 kcal/mol), TAU (VS -6.5 kcal/mol), and caspase 3 (VS -7.1 kcal/mol). Taken together, our findings suggest that MC demonstrates antioxidant, anti-amyloid, and anti-apoptosis activity and promotes physiological ACh-induced Ca2+ influx in PSEN1 E280A ChLNs. The MC has therapeutic potential for treating early-onset FAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giraldo-Berrio
- Neuroscience Research Group, Institute of Medical Investigations, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Torre 1, Laboratory 412, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Marlene Jimenez-Del-Rio
- Neuroscience Research Group, Institute of Medical Investigations, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Torre 1, Laboratory 412, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Carlos Velez-Pardo
- Neuroscience Research Group, Institute of Medical Investigations, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Torre 1, Laboratory 412, Medellín, Colombia.
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Fan Y, Wang L, Feng J, Haneef Kashif M, Wang R, Liu Z. Dual catalytic potential of isoeugenol synthase in Asarum sieboldii Miq. (AsIGS): Unveiling isoeugenol preference in vitro and eugenol production in vivo, with insights into hydrogen bonding influence. Gene 2024; 933:148919. [PMID: 39236971 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Asarum sieboldii Miq. is an important medicinal plant valued for its diverse health benefits in the pharmaceutical industry. In the present study, we isolated and characterized isoeugenol synthase from A. sieboldii (AsIGS), an essential enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of volatile phenylpropenes. We hoped to elucidate the secondary metabolic network of eugenol in A. sieboldii plants, which constructed the prerequisite for quality improvement of the well-known TCM Asari Radix et Rhizoma. Bioinformatics analysis revealed high similarity between the DNA sequences of AsIGS and isoeugenol synthase genes from other plants, and that the association of the candidate protein AsIGS with the PIP reductase family. Moreover, the AsIGS protein displayed a molecular weight of about 34.96 kDa, with a theoretical isoelectric point of 6.01 and an average hydrophobicity of -0.092, indicating the protein's partial acidity, stability, and hydrophilic nature. Phylogenetic analysis showed that AsIGS had a close relationship with isoeugenol synthases and fewer eugenol synthases found in other species. Alphafold2 predicted the structure of the AsIGS protein, and CB-Dock2 predicted the binding sites of the ASIGS-NADPH-coniferyl acetate ternary complex. In vitro enzymatic assay results demonstrated that the optimal temperature of the AsIGS-involved catalysis for coniferyl acetate was 30 °C, and several kinetics parameters were Km (12.21 mM), Vmax (27.9 U/mg), kcat (76.26 s-1), and kcat/Km (6.49 s-1·mM-1). Furthermore, it was also determined that the AsIGS protein had varying performance at different pH levels. While the candidate protein converted coniferyl acetate into both isoeugenol and eugenol at pH 5.5, it just catalyzed the production of isoeugenol at pH 6.5. However, isoeugenol has never been detected in A. sieboldii. Altering AsIGS expression in transgenic plants impacted only eugenol contents. Compared with wild type, overexpression of AsIGS increased eugenol content by 23.3 %, while RNAi-induced down-regulation of AsIGS decreased it by 25.3 %. Taken together, these results confirmed that the AsIGS gene was involved in the biosynthesis of eugenol in A. sieboldii with a dual catalytic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiangxin Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | | | - Rufeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Zhong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Quintero-Espinosa DA, Jimenez-Del-Rio M, Velez-Pardo C. LRRK2 Kinase Inhibitor PF-06447475 Protects Drosophila melanogaster against Paraquat-Induced Locomotor Impairment, Life Span Reduction, and Oxidative Stress. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:2440-2452. [PMID: 38847910 PMCID: PMC11310290 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex multifactorial progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by locomotor alteration due to the specific deterioration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Mounting evidence shows that human LRRK2 (hLRRK2) kinase activity is involved in oxidative stress (OS)-induced neurodegeneration, suggesting LRRK2 inhibition as a potential therapeutic target. We report that the hLRRK2 inhibitor PF-06447475 (PF-475) prolonged lifespan, increased locomotor activity, maintained DAergic neuronal integrity, and reduced lipid peroxidation (LPO) in female Drosophila melanogaster flies chronically exposed to paraquat (PQ), a redox cycling compound, compared to flies treated with vehicle only. Since LRRK2 is an evolutionary conserved kinase, the present findings reinforce the idea that either reduction or inhibition of the LRRK2 kinase might decrease OS and locomotor alterations associated with PD. Our observations highlight the importance of uncovering the function of the hLRRK2 orthologue dLrrk2 in D. melanogaster as an excellent model for pharmacological screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Quintero-Espinosa
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412, SIU, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Marlene Jimenez-Del-Rio
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412, SIU, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Carlos Velez-Pardo
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412, SIU, Medellin, Colombia.
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Qin W, Deng Y, Ren H, Liu Y, Liu L, Liu W, Zhao Y, Li C, Yang Z. Exploring the anticancer mechanism of cardiac glycosides using proteome integral solubility alteration approach. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70252. [PMID: 39350574 PMCID: PMC11442762 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cardiac glycosides (CGs), traditionally used for heart failure, have shown potential as anti-cancer agents. This study aims to explore their multifaceted mechanisms in cancer cell biology using proteome integral solubility alteration (PISA), focusing on the interaction with key proteins implicated in cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function. METHODS We conducted lysate-based and intact-cell PISA assays on cancer cells treated with CGs (Digoxin, Digitoxin, Ouabain) to analyze protein solubility changes. This was followed by mass spectrometric analysis and bioinformatics to identify differentially soluble proteins (DSPs). Molecular docking simulations were performed to predict protein-CG interactions. Public data including gene expression changes upon CG treatment were re-analyzed for validation. RESULTS The PISA assays revealed CGs' broad-spectrum interactions, particularly affecting proteins like PKM2, ANXA2, SLC16A1, GOT2 and GLUD1. Molecular docking confirmed stable interactions between CGs and these DSPs. Re-analysis of public data supported the impact of CGs on cancer metabolism and cell signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that CGs could be repurposed for cancer therapy by modulating cellular processes. The PISA data provide insights into the polypharmacological effects of CGs, warranting further exploration of their mechanisms and clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Qin
- Department of PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital)ChangshaChina
| | - Yinhua Deng
- Department of PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital)ChangshaChina
| | - Huan Ren
- Department of PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital)ChangshaChina
| | - Yanling Liu
- Department of PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital)ChangshaChina
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital)ChangshaChina
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Department of PharmacyThe Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- Shenzhen Wininnovate Bio‐Tech Co., LtdShenzhenChina
| | - Chen Li
- Department of PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital)ChangshaChina
| | - Zhiling Yang
- Department of PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital)ChangshaChina
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Wang W, Liu M, Fu X, Qi M, Zhu F, Fan F, Wang Y, Zhang K, Chu S. Hydroxysafflor yellow A ameliorates alcohol-induced liver injury through PI3K/Akt and STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155814. [PMID: 38878526 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a prevalent liver ailment. It has escalated into a significant public health issue, imposing substantial burdens on medical, economic, and social domains. Currently, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis are recognized as crucial culprits in improving ALD. Consequently, mitigating these issues has emerged as a promising avenue for enhancing ALD. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is the main ingredient in safflower, showing excellent antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis traits. However, there are limited investigations into the mechanisms by which HSYA ameliorates ALD PURPOSE: We investigated whether HSYA, a significant constituent of Asteraceae safflower, exerts antioxidant stress and attenuates inflammation and anti-apoptotic effects through PI3K/Akt and STAT3/NF-κB pathways, thereby ameliorating ALD METHODS: We established two experimental models: an ethanol-induced liver damage mouse model in vivo and a HepG2 cell alcohol injury model in vitro RESULTS: The results demonstrated that HSYA effectively ameliorated liver tissue damage, reduced levels of ALT, AST, LDL-C, TG, TC, and MDA, enhanced HDL-C levels, SOD and GSH activities, reduced ROS accumulation in cells, and activated the Nrf2 pathway, a transcription factor involved in antioxidant defense. By regulating the PI3K/Akt and STAT3/NF-κB pathways, HSYA exhibits notable antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects, effectively impeding ALD's advancement. To further confirm the regulatory effect of HSYA on PI3K/Akt and downstream signaling pathways, the PI3K activator 740 Y-P was used and was found to reverse the downregulation of PI3K by HSYA CONCLUSION: This study supports the effectiveness of HSYA in reducing ALD by regulating the PI3K/Akt and STAT3/NF-κB pathways, indicating its potential medicinal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, North 4th Road 221, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, North 4th Road 221, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Xianglei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, North 4th Road 221, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Man Qi
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, North 4th Road 221, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Furong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, North 4th Road 221, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Furong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, North 4th Road 221, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Yuanchuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, North 4th Road 221, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Kaiyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, North 4th Road 221, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Shenghui Chu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, North 4th Road 221, Shihezi, PR China.
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Viboonjun U, Longsaward R. Genome-wide identification and data mining reveals major-latex protein (MLP) from the PR-10 protein family played defense-related roles against phytopathogenic challenges in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Genetica 2024:10.1007/s10709-024-00211-6. [PMID: 39215788 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-024-00211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite being identified in previous articles, the pathogenesis-related 10 (PR-10) protein remains relatively overlooked and has yet to be fully characterized in numerous plant species. This research employs a comprehensive data mining approach to in silico characterize PR-10 proteins in cassava, a vital crop plant globally. In this study, the focus was on in silico identified 53 cassava PR-10 proteins, which can be categorized into two main subgroups: 34 major latex proteins (MLPs) and 13 major allergen proteins, Pru ar 1, based on their phylogenetic relationship. The genome collinearity analysis with the rubber tree showed a possible evolutionary relationship of the PR-10 gene between these two Euphorbiaceae species, specifically on their chromosome 15. Notably, MLP423 and other MLP proteins were identified in various previously published cassava transcriptome datasets in response to biotic treatments from diverse phytopathogens, including anthracnose fungus, viruses, and bacterial blight. Ligand prediction and molecular docking of three MLP423 proteins have revealed potential interaction with cytokinin and abscisic acid hormones. Their expressions and predicted binding affinities are discussed here, highlighting their role as contributors to cassava's defense network against key diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unchera Viboonjun
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Rawit Longsaward
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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Huang L, Li Z, Lv Y, Zhang X, Li Y, Li Y, Yu C. Unveiling disulfidptosis-related biomarkers and predicting drugs in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20185. [PMID: 39215110 PMCID: PMC11364544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the predominant form of dementia, and disulfidptosis is the latest reported mode of cell death that impacts various disease processes. This study used bioinformatics to analyze genes associated with disulfidptosis in Alzheimer's disease comprehensively. Based on the public datasets, the differentially expressed genes associated with disulfidptosis were identified, and immune cell infiltration was investigated through correlation analysis. Subsequently, hub genes were determined by a randomforest model. A prediction model was constructed using logistic regression. In addition, the drug-target affinity was predicted by a graph neural network model, and the results were validated by molecular docking. Five hub genes (PPEF1, NEUROD6, VIP, NUPR1, and GEM) were identified. The gene set showed significant enrichment for AD-related pathways. The logistic regression model demonstrated an AUC of 0.952, with AUC values of 0.916 and 0.864 in validated datasets. The immune infiltration analysis revealed significant heterogeneity between the Alzheimer's disease and control groups. High-affinity drugs for hub genes were identified. Through our study, a disease prediction model was constructed using potential biomarkers, and drugs targeting the genes were predicted. These results contribute to further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhengtai Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yitong Lv
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | | | - Yifan Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yingji Li
- ICE Bioscience Inc., Beijing, 100176, China.
| | - Changyuan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Chang Y, Zhang Z, Cai J, Wang C, Liu D, Liu Z, Xu C. Coevolution of specific gut microbiota of Min pig with host cold adaptation through enhanced vitamin B1 synthesis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1448090. [PMID: 39282562 PMCID: PMC11401075 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1448090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Min pigs exhibit remarkable cold tolerance, where vitamin B1 synthesis by gut microbiota is crucial for the host's energy metabolism. However, the role of this synthesis in cold adaptation of Min pigs are not yet fully understood. This study utilized 16S rRNA amplicon and metagenomic sequencing to examine seasonal variations in the gut microbiota of Min pigs. Results indicated a significant rise in microbial diversity in winter, with the Bacteroidetes group being the most notably increased. The vitamin B1 biosynthetic pathway was significantly enriched during winter, with six significantly upregulated genes (ThiC, ThiD, ThiE, ThiG, ThiH, and ThiL) showing strong evidence of purifying selection. Among the six vitamin B1 synthesis genes significantly upregulated during winter, the increase was mainly due to a marked elevation in several sequences from specific microbial species. Binding energy analysis revealed that, except for ThiL, the average substrate binding energy of the top 10 sequences with the largest seasonal differences was significantly lower than those of the 10 sequences with the smallest differences. Furthermore, most of these sequences were uniquely prevalent in Min pigs and were not found in the homologous sequences of Duroc pigs. Bacteroidetes and Bacteroidales were identified as the primary contributors to these gene sequences. This research provides valuable insights for developing innovative cold-resistant feed and probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | | | | | - Di Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunzhu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Xiao Y, Yin J, Liu P, Zhang X, Lin Y, Guo J. Triptolide-induced cuproptosis is a novel antitumor strategy for the treatment of cervical cancer. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:113. [PMID: 39198750 PMCID: PMC11360305 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00623-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cuproptosis is a unique copper-dependent form of cell death that is highly correlated with the metabolic state of cells. Triptolide exerts pharmacological activity by altering the regulation of metal ions. Cuproptosis is poorly understood in cancer, so in this study, we explored whether triptolide could induce cuproptosis in cervical cancer cells. METHODS The human cervical cancer cell lines HeLa and SiHa, which primarily rely on oxidative phosphorylation, were treated with triptolide. Cell viability, proliferation and migration, copper levels and cuproptosis-related protein levels were evaluated in these cell lines. The copper ion chelator tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) was administered to determine whether it could reverse the cuproptosis induced by triptolide. In addition, a nude mouse cervical cancer xenograft model was established to determine the effects of triptolide on cuproptosis in isolated tumor tissues. RESULTS The copper concentration increased with triptolide treatment. The levels of cuproptosis -related proteins, such as FDX1, LIAS, and DLAT, in the HeLa and SiHa cell lines decreased with triptolide treatment. XIAP, the target of triptolide, played a role in cuproptosis by regulating COMMD1. The level of copper exporters (ATP7A/B) decreased, but the level of the copper importer (CTR1) did not change with triptolide treatment. Furthermore, triptolide inhibited cervical cancer growth and induced cuproptosis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we report a new antitumor mechanism by which triptolide disrupted intracellular copper homeostasis and induced cuproptosis in cervical cancer by regulating the XIAP/COMMD1/ATP7A/B axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, NO.1 Da HuaRoad, DongDan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiameng Yin
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, NO.1 Da HuaRoad, DongDan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, NO.1 Da HuaRoad, DongDan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, NO.1 Da HuaRoad, DongDan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, NO.1 Da HuaRoad, DongDan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, NO.1 Da HuaRoad, DongDan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
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Yang S, Zhang L, Khan K, Travers J, Huang R, Jovanovic VM, Veeramachaneni R, Sakamuru S, Tristan CA, Davis EE, Klumpp-Thomas C, Witt KL, Simeonov A, Shaw ND, Xia M. Identification of Environmental Compounds That May Trigger Early Female Puberty by Activating Human GnRHR and KISS1R. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae103. [PMID: 39254333 PMCID: PMC11384912 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
There has been an alarming trend toward earlier puberty in girls, suggesting the influence of an environmental factor(s). As the reactivation of the reproductive axis during puberty is thought to be mediated by the hypothalamic neuropeptides kisspeptin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), we asked whether an environmental compound might activate the kisspeptin (KISS1R) or GnRH receptor (GnRHR). We used GnRHR or KISS1R-expressing HEK293 cells to screen the Tox21 10K compound library, a compendium of pharmaceuticals and environmental compounds, for GnRHR and KISS1R activation. Agonists were identified using Ca2+ flux and phosphorylated extracellularly regulated kinase (p-ERK) detection assays. Follow-up studies included measurement of genes known to be upregulated upon receptor activation using relevant murine or human cell lines and molecular docking simulation. Musk ambrette was identified as a KISS1R agonist, and treatment with musk ambrette led to increased expression of Gnrh1 in murine and human hypothalamic cells and expansion of GnRH neuronal area in developing zebrafish larvae. Molecular docking demonstrated that musk ambrette interacts with the His309, Gln122, and Gln123 residues of the KISS1R. A group of cholinergic agonists with structures similar to methacholine was identified as GnRHR agonists. When applied to murine gonadotrope cells, these agonists upregulated Fos, Jun, and/or Egr1. Molecular docking revealed a potential interaction between GnRHR and 5 agonists, with Asn305 constituting the most conservative GnRHR binding site. In summary, using a Tox21 10K compound library screen combined with cellular, molecular, and structural biology techniques, we have identified novel environmental agents that may activate the human KISS1R or GnRHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kamal Khan
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jameson Travers
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruili Huang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vukasin M Jovanovic
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rithvik Veeramachaneni
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Srilatha Sakamuru
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carlos A Tristan
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Erica E Davis
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Carleen Klumpp-Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kristine L Witt
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Natalie D Shaw
- Pediatric Neuroendocrinology Group, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
| | - Menghang Xia
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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He J, Liu G, Kong F, Tan Q, Wang Z, Yang M, He Y, Jia X, Yan C, Wang C, Qian H. Structural basis for the transport and substrate selection of human urate transporter 1. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114628. [PMID: 39146184 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
High serum urate levels are the major risk factor for gout. URAT1, the primary transporter for urate absorption in the kidneys, is well known as an anti-hyperuricemia drug target. However, the clinical application of URAT1-targeted drugs is limited because of their low specificity and severe side effects. The lack of structural information impedes elucidation of the transport mechanism and the development of new drugs. Here, we present the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human URAT1(R477S), its complex with urate, and its closely related homolog OAT4. URAT1(R477S) and OAT4 exhibit major facilitator superfamily (MFS) folds with outward- and inward-open conformations, respectively. Structural comparison reveals a 30° rotation between the N-terminal and C-terminal domains, supporting an alternating access mechanism. A conserved arginine (OAT4-Arg473/URAT1-Arg477) is found to be essential for chloride-mediated inhibition. The URAT1(R477S)-urate complex reveals the specificity of urate recognition. Taken together, our study promotes our understanding of the transport mechanism and substrate selection of URAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing He
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Guoyun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Fang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiulong Tan
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhenzhou Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yonglin He
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Jia
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Chuangye Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Hongwu Qian
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
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42
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Peng L, Liu X, Chen M, Liao W, Mao J, Zhou L. MGNDTI: A Drug-Target Interaction Prediction Framework Based on Multimodal Representation Learning and the Gating Mechanism. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:6684-6698. [PMID: 39137398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Drug-Target Interaction (DTI) prediction facilitates acceleration of drug discovery and promotes drug repositioning. Most existing deep learning-based DTI prediction methods can better extract discriminative features for drugs and proteins, but they rarely consider multimodal features of drugs. Moreover, learning the interaction representations between drugs and targets needs further exploration. Here, we proposed a simple M ulti-modal G ating N etwork for DTI prediction, MGNDTI, based on multimodal representation learning and the gating mechanism. MGNDTI first learns the sequence representations of drugs and targets using different retentive networks. Next, it extracts molecular graph features of drugs through a graph convolutional network. Subsequently, it devises a multimodal gating network to obtain the joint representations of drugs and targets. Finally, it builds a fully connected network for computing the interaction probability. MGNDTI was benchmarked against seven state-of-the-art DTI prediction models (CPI-GNN, TransformerCPI, MolTrans, BACPI, CPGL, GIFDTI, and FOTF-CPI) using four data sets (i.e., Human, C. elegans, BioSNAP, and BindingDB) under four different experimental settings. Through evaluation with AUROC, AUPRC, accuracy, F1 score, and MCC, MGNDTI significantly outperformed the above seven methods. MGNDTI is a powerful tool for DTI prediction, showcasing its superior robustness and generalization ability on diverse data sets and different experimental settings. It is freely available at https://github.com/plhhnu/MGNDTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Peng
- College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412007, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412007, China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
| | - Wen Liao
- School of Computer Science, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412007, China
| | - Jiale Mao
- School of Computer Science, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412007, China
| | - Liqian Zhou
- College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412007, China
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Kantarcioglu I, Gaszek IK, Guclu TF, Yildiz MS, Atilgan AR, Toprak E, Atilgan C. Structural shifts in TolC facilitate Efflux-Mediated β-lactam resistance. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1051. [PMID: 39187619 PMCID: PMC11347637 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Efflux-mediated β-lactam resistance is a major public health concern, reducing the effectiveness of β-lactam antibiotics against many bacteria. Structural analyses show the efflux protein TolC in Gram-negative bacteria acts as a channel for antibiotics, impacting bacterial susceptibility and virulence. This study examines β-lactam drug efflux mediated by TolC using experimental and computational methods. Molecular dynamics simulations of drug-free TolC reveal essential movements and key residues involved in TolC opening. A whole-gene-saturation mutagenesis assay, mutating each TolC residue and measuring fitness effects under β-lactam selection, is performed. Here we show the TolC-mediated efflux of three antibiotics: oxacillin, piperacillin, and carbenicillin. Steered molecular dynamics simulations identify general and drug-specific efflux mechanisms, revealing key positions at TolC's periplasmic entry affecting efflux motions. Our findings provide insights into TolC's structural dynamics, aiding the design of new antibiotics to overcome bacterial efflux mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isik Kantarcioglu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ilona K Gaszek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tandac F Guclu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Sadik Yildiz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ali Rana Atilgan
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdal Toprak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Canan Atilgan
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
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El-Emam NA, El-Ashmawy MB, Mohamed AAB, Habib ESE, Thamotharan S, Abdelbaky MSM, Garcia-Granda S, Moustafa MAA. Thiophene-Linked 1,2,4-Triazoles: Synthesis, Structural Insights and Antimicrobial and Chemotherapeutic Profiles. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1123. [PMID: 39338288 PMCID: PMC11435084 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The reaction of thiophene-2-carbohydrazide 1 or 5-bromothiophene-2-carbohydrazide 2 with various haloaryl isothiocyanates and subsequent cyclization by heating in aqueous sodium hydroxide yielded the corresponding 4-haloaryl-5-(thiophen-2-yl or 5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione 5a-e. The triazole derivatives 5a and 5b were reacted with different secondary amines and formaldehyde solution to yield the corresponding 2-aminomethyl-4-haloaryl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones 6a-e, 7a-e, 8, 9, 10a and 10b in good yields. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of compounds 5a-e, 6a-e, 7a-d, 8, 9, 10a and 10b was evaluated against a panel of standard pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. Compounds 5a, 5b, 5e, 5f, 6a-e, 7a-d, 8, 9, 10a and 10b showed marked activity, particularly against the tested Gram-positive bacteria and the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, and all the tested compounds were almost inactive against all the tested fungal strains. In addition, compounds 5e, 6a-e, 7a-d and 10a exhibited potent anti-proliferative activity, particularly against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines (IC50 < 25 μM). A detailed structural insight study based on the single crystals of compounds 5a, 5b, 6a, 6d and 10a is also reported. Molecular docking studies of the highly active antibacterial compounds 5e, 6b, 6d, 7a and 7d showed a high affinity for DNA gyrase. Meanwhile, the potent anti-proliferative activity of compounds 6d, 6e and 7d may be attributed to their high affinity for cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada A El-Emam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud B El-Ashmawy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A B Mohamed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed E Habib
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Subbiah Thamotharan
- Biomolecular Crystallography Laboratory and DBT-Bioinformatics Center, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
| | - Mohammed S M Abdelbaky
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Santiago Garcia-Granda
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo-CINN (CSIC), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mohamed A A Moustafa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Sutar RR, Mapari SV, Gaikwad SB, Khare R, Behera BC. An investigation on the cardioprotective potential of lichen compound protocetraric acid by H 2O 2-induced toxicity in H9c2 rat heart cells through in vitro and in silico analysis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03390-3. [PMID: 39172149 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and require treatment and prevention. Lichens are symbiotic organisms that are known to produce unique secondary metabolites and have been used as folk medicines. The aim of the study is to emphasize the importance of lichens in improving heart health, with the objective of investigating protocetraric acid, a lichen metabolite, for its antioxidant and cardioprotective potential by using in vitro and in silico techniques. Protocetraric acid (PRC) was isolated, characterized, and tested for antioxidant properties using six assays. In cardiovascular investigations, hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzymeA reductase (HMGCR), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory, and fibrinolytic capacities, along with enzyme inhibitory kinetics studies, were carried out. In silico toxicology and molecular docking analysis were done to determine the binding sites on target proteins. The cytoprotective ability of PRC was evaluated by H2O2-induced toxicity in H9c2 rat heart cells. Out of six lichens, the extract of F. caperata showed comparatively stronger antioxidant activity in terms of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazil (DPPH), scavenging of nitric oxide (SNO), and ferric reducing potential (FRAP) equivalent values. PRC showed significant antioxidant properties, and with respect to cardiovascular studies, PRC exhibited 86% HMGCR and 82% ACE inhibition, while 57% fibrinolysis at 320 µM concentration. Inhibitory kinetic tests of PRC showed competitive and uncompetitive HMGCR and ACE inhibition types respectively. PRC showed minimum binding energies of - 7.9, - 8.9, and - 9.0 kcal/mol with 1HWK, 1O8A, and 4BZS. The H9c2 cell line pre-treated with PRC was found to reduce H2O2 toxicity as well as increase cell viability. Protocetraric acid is a potent compound that has been experimentally shown to have hypocholesterolemic, hypotensive, and cardioprotective properties for treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira R Sutar
- Biodiversity-Lichen, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin V Mapari
- Biodiversity-Lichen, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subhash B Gaikwad
- Biodiversity-Lichen, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Roshni Khare
- Biodiversity-Lichen, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhaskar C Behera
- Biodiversity-Lichen, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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46
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Han Z, Gong L, Xue Y, Wang R, Liu J, Wang X, Zhao W, Liao H, Li R. Effects of Inonotus obliquus on ameliorating podocyte injury in ORG mice through TNF pathway and prediction of active compounds. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1426917. [PMID: 39234117 PMCID: PMC11371614 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1426917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Podocyte injury is a common pathologic mechanism in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG). Our previous study confirmed that Inonotus obliquus (IO) improved podocyte injury on DKD rats. The current study explored the pharmacological effects, related mechanisms and possible active components of IO on ORG mice. Methods Firstly, by combining ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) with network pharmacology to construct the human protein-protein interaction mechanism and enrich the pathway, which led to discover the crucial mechanism of IO against ORG. Then, ORG mice were established by high-fat diet and biochemical assays, histopathology, and Western blot were used to explore the effects of IO on obesity and podocyte injury. Finally, network pharmacology-based findings were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The compositions of IO absorbed in mice plasma were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and molecular docking was used to predict the possible active compounds. Results The network pharmacology result suggested that IO alleviated the inflammatory response of ORG by modulating TNF signal. The 20-week in vivo experiment confirmed that IO improved glomerular hypertrophy, podocyte injury under electron microscopy, renal nephrin, synaptopodin, TNF-α and IL-6 expressions with Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Other indicators of ORG such as body weight, kidney weight, serum total cholesterol, liver triglyceride also improved by IO intervention. The components analysis showed that triterpenoids, including inoterpene F and trametenolic acid, might be the pharmacodynamic basis. Conclusion The research based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis, network pharmacology and in vivo experiment suggested that the amelioration of IO on podocyte injury in ORG mice via its modulation on TNF signal. Triterpenoids were predicated as acting components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodi Han
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Le Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yani Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenyan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui Liao
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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47
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Ertik O, Sezen Us A, Gul IB, Us H, Coremen M, Karabulut Bulan O, Yanardag R. Reduction of oxidative damage in prostate tissue caused by radiation and/or chloroquine by apocynin. Free Radic Res 2024:1-18. [PMID: 39148420 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2393147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Prostate damage can occur in men due to age and genetic factors, especially when exposed to external factors. Radiation (RAD) is a prominent factor leading to oxidative stress and potential prostate damage. Additionally, chloroquine (CQ), used in malaria treatment, can induce oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, reducing and preventing oxidative damage in prostate tissue caused by external factors is crucial. Rats used in the study were divided into seven groups, CQ, apocynin (APO), RAD, CQ + APO, CQ + RAD, APO + RAD, CQ + APO + RAD. Subsequently, in vivo biochemical parameters of prostate tissues were examined, including reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase activities, and total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress index, advanced oxidation protein products and histologically. The in vivo results presented in our study showed that APO reduced oxidative stress and had a protective effect on prostate tissue in the CQ, RAD, and CQ + RAD groups as a results of biochemical and histological experiments. Additionally, in silico studies revealed a higher binding affinity of diapocynin to target proteins compared to APO. As a histological results, RAD and CQ alone or in combination did not induce damage in prostate tissues, whereas mild histopathological findings such as hyperemia and haemorrhage were observed in all APO-treated groups. The results suggest that the use of APO for the treatment of oxidative damage induced by CQ and RAD in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Ertik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Ayca Sezen Us
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ilknur Bugan Gul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Huseyin Us
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Melis Coremen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Omur Karabulut Bulan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Gaiya DD, Muhammad A, Musa JS, Auta R, Dadah AJ, Bello RO, Hassan M, Eke SS, Odihi RI, Sankey M. In silico analysis of balsaminol as anti-viral agents targeting SARS-CoV-2 main protease, spike receptor binding domain and papain-like protease receptors. In Silico Pharmacol 2024; 12:75. [PMID: 39155972 PMCID: PMC11329488 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-024-00241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived phytochemicals from medicinal plants are becoming increasingly attractive natural sources of antimicrobial and antiviral agents due to their therapeutic value, mechanism of action, level of toxicity and bioavailability. The continued emergence of more immune-evasive strains and the rate of resistance to current antiviral drugs have created a need to identify new antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2. This study investigated the antiviral potential of balsaminol, a bioactive compound from Momordica balsamina, and its inhibitory activities against SARS-CoV-2 receptor proteins. In this study, three Food and Drug Administration (FDA) COVID-19 approved drugs namely; nirmatrelvir, ritonavir and remdesivir were used as positive control. Molecular docking was performed to determine the predominant binding mode (most negative Gibbs free energy of binding/ΔG) and inhibitory activity of balsaminol against SARS-CoV-2 receptor proteins. The pharmacokinetics, toxicity, physicochemical and drug-like properties of balsaminol were evaluated to determine its potential as an active oral drug candidate as well as its non-toxicity in humans. The results show that balsaminol E has the highest binding affinity to the SARS CoV-2 papain-like protease (7CMD) with a free binding energy of - 8.7 kcal/mol, followed by balsaminol A interacting with the spike receptor binding domain (6VW1) with - 8.5 kcal/mol and balsaminol C had a binding energy of - 8.1 kcal/mol with the main protease (6LU7) comparable to the standard drugs namely ritonavir, nirmatrelvir and remdesivir. However, the ADMET and drug-like profile of balsaminol F favours it as a better potential drug candidate and inhibitor of the docked SARS-CoV-2 receptor proteins. Further preclinical studies are therefore recommended. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-024-00241-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Danladi Gaiya
- Biology Unit, Air Force Institute of Technology, Nigerian Air Force Base, P.M.B 2104, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1045, Samaru Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Joy Sim Musa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1045, Samaru Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Richard Auta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kaduna State University, Tafawa Balewa Way, P.M.B. 2339, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Anthony John Dadah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kaduna State University, Tafawa Balewa Way, P.M.B. 2339, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | | | - Madinat Hassan
- Biology Unit, Air Force Institute of Technology, Nigerian Air Force Base, P.M.B 2104, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Samuel Sunday Eke
- Biology Unit, Air Force Institute of Technology, Nigerian Air Force Base, P.M.B 2104, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Rebecca Imoo Odihi
- Department of Biological Science, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Musa Sankey
- Department of Chemistry, Kaduna State College of Education, Gidan Waya, Kaduna, Nigeria
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Su X, Wang S, Tian Y, Teng M, Wang J, Zhang Y, Ji W, Zhang Y. Identification of Autophagy-Related Genes in Patients with Acute Spinal Cord Injury and Analysis of Potential Therapeutic Targets. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04431-x. [PMID: 39150631 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04431-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of spinal cord injury (SCI); however, its specific mechanisms remain unclear. This study is aimed at identifying potential molecular biomarkers related to autophagy in SCI through bioinformatics analysis and exploring potential therapeutic targets. The mRNA expression profile dataset GSE151371 was obtained from the GEO database, and R software was used to screen for differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DE-ARGs) in SCI. A total of 39 DE-ARGs were detected in this study. Enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, TF-mRNA-miRNA regulatory network analysis, and the DSigDB database were used to investigate the regulatory mechanisms between DE-ARGs and identify potential drugs for SCI. Enrichment analysis revealed associations with autophagy, apoptosis, and cell death. PPI analysis identified the highest-scoring module and selected 10 hub genes to construct the TF-mRNA-miRNA network, revealing regulatory mechanisms. Analysis of the DSigDB database indicated that 1,9-Pyrazoloanthrone may be a potential therapeutic drug. Machine learning algorithms identified 3 key genes as candidate biomarkers. Additionally, immune cell infiltration results revealed significant correlations between PINK1, NLRC4, VAMP3, and immune cell accumulation. Molecular docking simulations revealed that imatinib can exert relatively strong regulatory effects on the three key proteins. Finally, in vivo experimental data revealed that the overall biological process of autophagy was disrupted. In summary, this study successfully identified 39 DE-ARGs and discovered several promising biomarkers, significantly contributing to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of autophagy in SCI. These findings offer valuable insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Su
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Shenglong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Menghao Teng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Wenchen Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China.
| | - Yingang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China.
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50
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Sailer AL, Jevtic Z, Stoll B, Wörtz J, Sharma K, Urlaub H, Dyall-Smith M, Pfeiffer F, Marchfelder A, Lenz C. Iron starvation results in up-regulation of a probable Haloferax volcanii siderophore transporter. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1422844. [PMID: 39206359 PMCID: PMC11349517 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1422844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The response of the haloarchaeal model organism Haloferax volcanii to iron starvation was analyzed at the proteome level by data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. Cells grown in minimal medium with normal iron levels were compared to those grown under low iron conditions, with samples being separated into membrane and cytoplasmic fractions in order to focus on import/export processes which are frequently associated with metal homeostasis. Iron starvation not only caused a severe retardation of growth but also altered the levels of many proteins. Using a comprehensive annotated spectral library and data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS), we found that iron starvation resulted in significant changes to both the membrane and the soluble proteomes of Hfx. volcanii. The most affected protein is the RND family permease HVO_A0467, which is 44-fold enriched in cells grown under iron starvation. The gene HVO_A0467 can be deleted suggesting that it is not essential under standard conditions. Compared to wild type cells the deletion strain shows only slight changes in growth and cell morphologies show no differences. Molecular docking predictions indicated that HVO_A0467 may be an exporter of the siderophore schizokinen for which a potential biosynthesis cluster is encoded in the Hfx. volcanii genome. Together, these findings confirm the importance of iron for archaeal cells and suggest HVO_0467 as a siderophore exporter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zivojin Jevtic
- Department of Biomedicine, University Children’s Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Kundan Sharma
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Bioanalytics Group, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mike Dyall-Smith
- Computational Systems Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Friedhelm Pfeiffer
- Biology II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Computational Systems Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Christof Lenz
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Bioanalytics Group, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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