1
|
Sun W, Wang J, Liu C, Gao F, Ou Q, Tian H, Xu J, Zhang J, Li J, Xu J, Jia S, Zhang J, Xu G, Huang J, Jin C, Lu L. SUMOylation of GMFB regulates its stability and function in retinal pigment epithelial cells under hyperglycemia. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131678. [PMID: 38657921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glia maturation factor beta (GMFB) is a growth and differentiation factor that acts as an intracellular regulator of signal transduction pathways. The small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) modification, SUMOylation, is a posttranslational modification (PTM) that plays a key role in protein subcellular localization, stability, transcription, and enzymatic activity. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of SUMOylation in the inflammation and progression of numerous diseases. However, the relationship between GMFB and SUMOylation is unclear. RESULTS Here, we report for the first time that GMFB and SUMO1 are markedly increased in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells at the early stage of diabetes mellitus (DM) under hyperglycemia. The GMFΒ protein could be mono-SUMOylated by SUMO1 at the K20, K35, K58 or K97 sites. SUMOylation of GMFB led to its increased protein stability and subcellular translocation. Furthermore, deSUMOylation of GMFΒ downregulates multiple signaling pathways, including the Jak-STAT signaling pathway, p38 pathway and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS This work provides novel insight into the role of SUMOylated GMFB in RPE cells and provides a novel therapeutic target for diabetic retinopathy (DR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Caiying Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Furong Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Qingjian Ou
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Haibin Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jingying Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jieping Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Song Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - GuoTong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China.
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Caixia Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China.
| | - Lixia Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin X, Pang Q, Hu J, Sun J, Dai S, Yu Y, Xu J. SUMOylation mediates the disassembly of the Smad4 nuclear export complex via RanGAP1 in KELOIDS. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:1045-1055. [PMID: 36916534 PMCID: PMC10098277 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sentrin/small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) has emerged as a powerful mediator regulating biological processes and participating in pathophysiological processes that cause human diseases, such as cancer, myocardial fibrosis and neurological disorders. Sumoylation has been shown to play a positive regulatory role in keloids. However, the sumoylation mechanism in keloids remains understudied. We proposed that sumoylation regulates keloids via a complex. RanGAP1 acted as a synergistic, functional partner of SUMOs in keloids. Nuclear accumulation of Smad4, a TGF-β/Smad pathway member, was associated with RanGAP1 after SUMO1 inhibition. RanGAP1*SUMO1 mediated the nuclear accumulation of Smad4 due to its impact on nuclear export and reduction in the dissociation of Smad4 and CRM1. We clarified a novel mechanism of positive regulation of sumoylation in keloids and demonstrated the function of sumoylation in Smad4 nuclear export. The NPC-associated RanGAP1*SUMO1 complex functions as a disassembly machine for the export receptor CRM1 and Smad4. Our research provides new perspectives for the mechanisms of keloids and nucleocytoplasmic transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Pang
- Ningbo Hwamei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siya Dai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yijia Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghong Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jian Y, Chen X, Sun K, Liu Z, Cheng D, Cao J, Liu J, Cheng X, Wu L, Zhang F, Luo Y, Hahn M, Ma Z, Yin Y. SUMOylation regulates pre-mRNA splicing to overcome DNA damage in fungi. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:2298-2315. [PMID: 36539920 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi are subject to DNA damage stress derived from host immune responses during infection. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modification and precursor (pre)-mRNA splicing are both involved in DNA damage response (DDR). However, the mechanisms of how SUMOylation and splicing coordinated in DDR remain largely unknown. Combining with biochemical analysis, RNA-Seq method, and biological analysis, we report that SUMO pathway participates in DDR and virulence in Fusarium graminearum, a causal agent of Fusarium head blight of cereal crops world-wide. Interestingly, a key transcription factor FgSR is SUMOylated upon DNA damage stress. SUMOylation regulates FgSR nuclear-cytoplasmic partitioning and its phosphorylation by FgMec1, and promotes its interaction with chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF for activating the expression of DDR-related genes. Moreover, the SWI/SNF complex was found to further recruit splicing-related NineTeen Complex, subsequently modulates pre-mRNA splicing during DDR. Our findings reveal a novel function of SUMOylation in DDR by regulating a transcription factor to orchestrate gene expression and pre-mRNA splicing to overcome DNA damage during the infection of F. graminearum, which advances the understanding of the delicate regulation of DDR by SUMOylation in pathogenic fungi, and extends the knowledge of cooperation of SUMOylation and pre-mRNA splicing in DDR in eukaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kewei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zunyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Danni Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jie Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianzhao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuming Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Matthias Hahn
- Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, PO Box 3049, 67653, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanni Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun M, Jiang W, Li X, Lee S, Heo G, Zhou D, Choi J, Kim K, Lv W, Cui X. ATF7-dependent epigenetic changes induced by high temperature during early porcine embryonic development. Cell Prolif 2022; 56:e13352. [PMID: 36254813 PMCID: PMC9890523 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activating transcription factor 7 (ATF7) is a member of the ATF/cAMP response element (CRE) B superfamily. ATF2, ATF7, and CRE-BPa are present in vertebrates. Drosophila and fission yeast have only one homologue: dATF2 and Atf1, respectively. Under normal conditions, ATF7 promotes heterochromatin formation by recruiting histone H3K9 di- and tri-methyltransferases. Once the situation changes, all members are phosphorylated by the stress-activated kinase P38 in response to various stressors. However, the role of ATF7 in early porcine embryonic development remains unclear. RESULTS In this study, we found that ATF7 gradually accumulated in the nucleus and then localized on the pericentric heterochromatin after the late 4-cell stage, while being co-localized with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1). Knockdown of ATF7 resulted in decreases in the blastocyst rate and blastocyst cell number. ATF7 depletion resulted in downregulation of HP1 and histone 3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) expression. These effects were alleviated when P38 activity was inhibited. High temperatures increased the expression level of pP38, while reducing the quality of porcine embryos, and led to ATF7 phosphorylation. The expression level of H3K9me2 and HP1 was decreased and regulated by P38 activity. CONCLUSION Stress-induced ATF7-dependent epigenetic changes play important roles in early porcine embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Hong Sun
- Department of Animal ScienceChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Wen‐Jie Jiang
- Department of Animal ScienceChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Xiao‐Han Li
- Department of Animal ScienceChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Song‐Hee Lee
- Department of Animal ScienceChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Geun Heo
- Department of Animal ScienceChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Dongjie Zhou
- Department of Animal ScienceChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Jung‐Seok Choi
- Department of Animal ScienceChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Kwan‐Suk Kim
- Department of Animal ScienceChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Wenfa Lv
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiang‐Shun Cui
- Department of Animal ScienceChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Z, Liu X, Liu M. Stress Granule Homeostasis, Aberrant Phase Transition, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2356-2370. [PMID: 35905138 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. In recent years, a large number of ALS-related mutations have been discovered to have a strong link to stress granules (SGs). SGs are cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein condensates mediated by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of biomacromolecules. They help cells cope with stress. The normal physiological functions of SGs are dependent on three key aspects of SG "homeostasis": SG assembly, disassembly, and SG components. Any of these three aspects can be disrupted, resulting in abnormalities in the cellular stress response and leading to cytotoxicity. Several ALS-related pathogenic mutants have abnormal LLPS abilities that disrupt SG homeostasis, and some of them can even cause aberrant phase transitions. As a result, ALS-related mutants may disrupt various aspects of SG homeostasis by directly disturbing the intermolecular interactions or affecting core SG components, thus disrupting the phase equilibrium of the cytoplasm during stress. Considering that the importance of the "global view" of SG homeostasis in ALS pathogenesis has not received enough attention, we first systematically summarize the physiological regulatory mechanism of SG homeostasis based on LLPS and then examine ALS pathogenesis from the perspective of disrupted SG homeostasis and aberrant phase transition of biomacromolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxu Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xionghao Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Mujun Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Boulanger M, Chakraborty M, Tempé D, Piechaczyk M, Bossis G. SUMO and Transcriptional Regulation: The Lessons of Large-Scale Proteomic, Modifomic and Genomic Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040828. [PMID: 33562565 PMCID: PMC7915335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One major role of the eukaryotic peptidic post-translational modifier SUMO in the cell is transcriptional control. This occurs via modification of virtually all classes of transcriptional actors, which include transcription factors, transcriptional coregulators, diverse chromatin components, as well as Pol I-, Pol II- and Pol III transcriptional machineries and their regulators. For many years, the role of SUMOylation has essentially been studied on individual proteins, or small groups of proteins, principally dealing with Pol II-mediated transcription. This provided only a fragmentary view of how SUMOylation controls transcription. The recent advent of large-scale proteomic, modifomic and genomic studies has however considerably refined our perception of the part played by SUMO in gene expression control. We review here these developments and the new concepts they are at the origin of, together with the limitations of our knowledge. How they illuminate the SUMO-dependent transcriptional mechanisms that have been characterized thus far and how they impact our view of SUMO-dependent chromatin organization are also considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Boulanger
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (M.C.); (D.T.)
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Mehuli Chakraborty
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (M.C.); (D.T.)
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Denis Tempé
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (M.C.); (D.T.)
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Marc Piechaczyk
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (M.C.); (D.T.)
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Guillaume Bossis
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (M.C.); (D.T.)
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (G.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rosonina E, Akhter A, Dou Y, Babu J, Sri Theivakadadcham VS. Regulation of transcription factors by sumoylation. Transcription 2017; 8:220-231. [PMID: 28379052 PMCID: PMC5574528 DOI: 10.1080/21541264.2017.1311829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are among the most frequently detected targets of sumoylation, and effects of the modification have been studied for about 200 individual TFs to date. TF sumoylation is most often associated with reduced target gene expression, which can be mediated by enhanced interactions with corepressors or by interference with protein modifications that promote transcription. However, recent studies show that sumoylation also regulates gene expression by controlling the levels of TFs that are associated with chromatin. SUMO can mediate this by modulating TF DNA-binding activity, promoting clearance of TFs from chromatin, or indirectly, by influencing TF abundance or localization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Rosonina
- a Department of Biology , York University , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Akhi Akhter
- a Department of Biology , York University , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Yimo Dou
- a Department of Biology , York University , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - John Babu
- a Department of Biology , York University , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
SUMO and Nucleocytoplasmic Transport. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 963:111-126. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50044-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
9
|
Schaeffer E, Vigneron M, Sibler AP, Oulad-Abdelghani M, Chatton B, Donzeau M. ATF7 is stabilized during mitosis in a CDK1-dependent manner and contributes to cyclin D1 expression. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:2655-66. [PMID: 26101806 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1064568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor ATF7 undergoes multiple post-translational modifications, each of which has distinct effects upon ATF7 function. Here, we show that ATF7 phosphorylation on residue Thr112 exclusively occurs during mitosis, and that ATF7 is excluded from the condensed chromatin. Both processes are CDK1/cyclin B dependent. Using a transduced neutralizing monoclonal antibody directed against the Thr112 epitope in living cells, we could demonstrate that Thr112 phosphorylation protects endogenous ATF7 protein from degradation, while it has no effect on the displacement of ATF7 from the condensed chromatin. The crucial role of Thr112 phosphorylation in stabilizing ATF7 protein during mitosis was confirmed using phospho-mimetic and phospho-deficient mutants. Finally, silencing ATF7 by CRISPR/Cas9 technology leads to a decrease of cyclin D1 protein expression levels. We propose that mitotic stabilized ATF7 protein re-localizes onto chromatin at the end of telophase and contributes to induce the cyclin D1 gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Schaeffer
- a Université de Strasbourg; UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire; Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg ; Illkirch Cedex , France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The ubiquitin family member Sumo has important functions in many cellular processes including DNA repair, transcription and cell division. Numerous studies have shown that Sumo is essential for maintaining cell homeostasis when the cell encounters endogenous or environmental stress, such as osmotic stress, hypoxia, heat shock, genotoxic stress, and nutrient stress. Regulation of transcription is a key component of the Sumo stress response, and multiple mechanisms have been described by which Sumo can regulate transcription. Although many individual substrates have been described that are sumoylated during the Sumo stress response, an emerging concept is modification of entire complexes or pathways by Sumo. This review focuses on the function and regulation of Sumo during the stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorrit M Enserink
- Institute for Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20N-0027, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Profiling status epilepticus-induced changes in hippocampal RNA expression using high-throughput RNA sequencing. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6930. [PMID: 25373493 PMCID: PMC4894418 DOI: 10.1038/srep06930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening condition that can give rise to a number of neurological disorders, including learning deficits, depression, and epilepsy. Many of the effects of SE appear to be mediated by alterations in gene expression. To gain deeper insight into how SE affects the transcriptome, we employed the pilocarpine SE model in mice and Illumina-based high-throughput sequencing to characterize alterations in gene expression from the induction of SE, to the development of spontaneous seizure activity. While some genes were upregulated over the entire course of the pathological progression, each of the three sequenced time points (12-hour, 10-days and 6-weeks post-SE) had a largely unique transcriptional profile. Hence, genes that regulate synaptic physiology and transcription were most prominently altered at 12-hours post-SE; at 10-days post-SE, marked changes in metabolic and homeostatic gene expression were detected; at 6-weeks, substantial changes in the expression of cell excitability and morphogenesis genes were detected. At the level of cell signaling, KEGG analysis revealed dynamic changes within the MAPK pathways, as well as in CREB-associated gene expression. Notably, the inducible expression of several noncoding transcripts was also detected. These findings offer potential new insights into the cellular events that shape SE-evoked pathology.
Collapse
|
12
|
Knittel G, Metzner M, Beck-Engeser G, Kan A, Ahrends T, Eilat D, Huppi K, Wabl M. Insertional hypermutation in mineral oil-induced plasmacytomas. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2785-801. [PMID: 24975032 PMCID: PMC4165787 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Unless stimulated by a chronic inflammatory agent, such as mineral oil, plasma cell tumors are rare in young BALB/c mice. This raises the questions: What do inflammatory tissues provide to promote mutagenesis? And what is the nature of mutagenesis? We determined that mineral oil-induced plasmacytomas produce large amounts of endogenous retroelements--ecotropic and polytropic murine leukemia virus and intracisternal A particles. Therefore, plasmacytoma formation might occur, in part, by de novo insertion of these retroelements, induced or helped by the inflammation. We recovered up to ten de novo insertions in a single plasmacytoma, mostly in genes with common retroviral integration sites. Additional integrations accompany tumor evolution from a solid tumor through several generations in cell culture. The high frequency of de novo integrations into cancer genes suggests that endogenous retroelements are coresponsible for plasmacytoma formation and progression in BALB/c mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gero Knittel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414
| | - Mirjam Metzner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414
| | - Gabriele Beck-Engeser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414
| | - Ada Kan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414
| | - Tomasz Ahrends
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414
| | - Dan Eilat
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital and The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Konrad Huppi
- National Cancer Institute, Genetics Branch, Gene Silencing Section, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Matthias Wabl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cheng CY, Chu CH, Hsu HW, Hsu FR, Tang CY, Wang WC, Kung HJ, Chang PC. An improved ChIP-seq peak detection system for simultaneously identifying post-translational modified transcription factors by combinatorial fusion, using SUMOylation as an example. BMC Genomics 2014; 15 Suppl 1:S1. [PMID: 24564277 PMCID: PMC4046823 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-s1-s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Post-translational modification (PTM) of transcriptional factors and chromatin remodelling proteins is recognized as a major mechanism by which transcriptional regulation occurs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) in combination with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) is being applied as a gold standard when studying the genome-wide binding sites of transcription factor (TFs). This has greatly improved our understanding of protein-DNA interactions on a genomic-wide scale. However, current ChIP-seq peak calling tools are not sufficiently sensitive and are unable to simultaneously identify post-translational modified TFs based on ChIP-seq analysis; this is largely due to the wide-spread presence of multiple modified TFs. Using SUMO-1 modification as an example; we describe here an improved approach that allows the simultaneous identification of the particular genomic binding regions of all TFs with SUMO-1 modification. Results Traditional peak calling methods are inadequate when identifying multiple TF binding sites that involve long genomic regions and therefore we designed a ChIP-seq processing pipeline for the detection of peaks via a combinatorial fusion method. Then, we annotate the peaks with known transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) using the Transfac Matrix Database (v7.0), which predicts potential SUMOylated TFs. Next, the peak calling result was further analyzed based on the promoter proximity, TFBS annotation, a literature review, and was validated by ChIP-real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and ChIP-reChIP real-time qPCR. The results show clearly that SUMOylated TFs are able to be pinpointed using our pipeline. Conclusion A methodology is presented that analyzes SUMO-1 ChIP-seq patterns and predicts related TFs. Our analysis uses three peak calling tools. The fusion of these different tools increases the precision of the peak calling results. TFBS annotation method is able to predict potential SUMOylated TFs. Here, we offer a new approach that enhances ChIP-seq data analysis and allows the identification of multiple SUMOylated TF binding sites simultaneously, which can then be utilized for other functional PTM binding site prediction in future.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang CM, Brennan VC, Gutierrez NM, Wang X, Wang L, Yang WH. SUMOylation of ATF3 alters its transcriptional activity on regulation of TP53 gene. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:589-98. [PMID: 22991139 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor-3 (ATF3), a stress sensor, plays an essential role in cells to maintain homeostasis and has diverse functions in cellular survival and death signal pathways. ATF3 is a novel regulator of p53 protein stability and function. The activities of ATF3 are modulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as ubiquitination, but whether it is modified by small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ATF3 is post-translationally modified by SUMO proteins and also to elucidate SUMOylation of ATF3 on TP53 gene activity. Here we report that ATF3 is clearly defined as a SUMO target protein both in vitro SUMOylation assay using recombinant proteins and at the cellular levels. Furthermore, ATF3 interacted with UBE2I, the only SUMO E2 enzyme found so far. In addition, PIAS3β (a SUMO E3 ligase) enhanced and SENP2 and SENP7 (two SUMOylation proteases) decreased SUMOylation of ATF3, respectively. Finally, we found that ATF3 is selectively SUMOylated at lysine residue 42 but the SUMOylation does not alter subcellular localization of ATF3. We then characterized the functional role of ATF3 SUMOylation on TP53 gene expression. We found that SUMOylation of ATF3 is required for full repression of TP53 gene. Overall, we provide the first evidence that ATF3 is post-translationally modified by SUMO and SUMOylation of ATF3 plays a functional role in regulation of TP53 gene activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Min Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ijaz A. SUMOhunt: Combining Spatial Staging between Lysine and SUMO with Random Forests to Predict SUMOylation. ISRN BIOINFORMATICS 2013; 2013:671269. [PMID: 25937950 PMCID: PMC4393069 DOI: 10.1155/2013/671269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Modification with SUMO protein has many key roles in eukaryotic systems which renders the identification of its target proteins and sites of considerable importance. Information regarding the SUMOylation of a protein may tell us about its subcellular localization, function, and spatial orientation. This modification occurs at particular and not all lysine residues in a given protein. In competition with biochemical means of modified-site recognition, computational methods are strong contenders in the prediction of SUMOylation-undergoing sites on proteins. In this research, physicochemical properties of amino acids retrieved from AAIndex, especially those involved in docking of modifier and target proteins and optimal presentation of target lysine, in combination with sequence information and random forest-based classifier presented in WEKA have been used to develop a prediction model, SUMOhunt, with statistics significantly better than all previous predictors. In this model 97.56% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, 94% specificity, and 0.95 MCC have been achieved which shows that proposed amino acid properties have a significant role in SUMO attachment. SUMOhunt will hence bring great reliability and efficiency in SUMOylation prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amna Ijaz
- National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Teramachi J, Hiruma Y, Ishizuka S, Ishizuka H, Brown JP, Michou L, Cao H, Galson DL, Subler MA, Zhou H, Dempster DW, Windle JJ, Roodman GD, Kurihara N. Role of ATF7-TAF12 interactions in the vitamin D response hypersensitivity of osteoclast precursors in Paget's disease. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:1489-500. [PMID: 23426901 PMCID: PMC3663902 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclast (OCL) precursors from many Paget's disease (PD) patients express measles virus nucleocapsid protein (MVNP) and are hypersensitive to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₂ (1,25-(OH)₂D₃; also know as calcitriol). The increased 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ sensitivity is mediated by transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 12 (TAF12), a coactivator of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is present at much higher levels in MVNP-expressing OCL precursors than normals. These results suggest that TAF12 plays an important role in the abnormal OCL activity in PD. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying both 1,25-(OH)₂D₃'s effects on OCL formation and the contribution of TAF12 to these effects in both normals and PD patients are unclear. Inhibition of TAF12 with a specific TAF12 antisense construct decreased OCL formation and OCL precursors' sensitivity to 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ in PD patient bone marrow samples. Further, OCL precursors from transgenic mice in which TAF12 expression was targeted to the OCL lineage (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase [TRAP]-TAF12 mice), formed OCLs at very low levels of 1,25-(OH)₂D₃, although the OCLs failed to exhibit other hallmarks of PD OCLs, including receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) hypersensitivity and hypermultinucleation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis of OCL precursors using an anti-TAF12 antibody demonstrated that TAF12 binds the 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) promoter, which contains two functional vitamin D response elements (VDREs), in the presence of 1,25-(OH)₂D₃. Because TAF12 directly interacts with the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent activating transcription factor 7 (ATF7) and potentiates ATF7-induced transcriptional activation of ATF7-driven genes in other cell types, we determined whether TAF12 is a functional partner of ATF7 in OCL precursors. Immunoprecipitation of lysates from either wild-type (WT) or MVNP-expressing OCL with an anti-TAF12 antibody, followed by blotting with an anti-ATF7 antibody, or vice versa, showed that TAF12 and ATF7 physically interact in OCLs. Knockdown of ATF7 in MVNP-expressing cells decreased cytochrome P450, family 24, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP24A1) induction by1,25-(OH)₂D₃, as well as TAF12 binding to the CYP24A1 promoter. These results show that ATF7 interacts with TAF12 and contributes to the hypersensitivity of OCL precursors to 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Teramachi
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang F, Yao Y, Jiang Y, Lu L, Ma Y, Dai W. Sumoylation is important for stability, subcellular localization, and transcriptional activity of SALL4, an essential stem cell transcription factor. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:38600-8. [PMID: 23012367 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.391441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SALL4 is a transcription factor that plays a key role in the maintenance and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells. Given that little is known about regulation of SALL4, we studied biochemical modifications of SALL4B, a major splicing variant of SALL4, and elucidated their biological function. SALL4B was primarily modified by ubiquitination when it was expressed in both Sf9 and HEK293T cells. A significant fraction of SALL4B was further modified by sumoylation when it was expressed in HEK293T cells. Constitutive SUMO-modification of SALL4B was also detected in Tera-1, a cell line of the teratocarcinoma origin. SALL4B sumoylation was independent of ubiquitination and lysine residues 156, 316, 374, and 401 were essential for sumoylation. Chromatin fraction contained more SUMO-deficient SALL4B. Despite a shorter half-life than the wild-type counterpart, SUMO-deficient SALL4B interacted with OCT4 more efficiently than the wild-type SALL4B. RNAi-mediated silencing of SALL4 expression caused significant down-regulation of both OCT4 and SOX2, which was rescued by ectopic expression of SALL4B but not by SUMO-deficient mutant. Significantly, compared with the wild-type SALL4B, SUMO-deficient mutant exhibited compromised trans-activation or trans-repression activities in reporter gene assays. Combined, our studies reveal sumoylation as a novel form of post-translational modification for regulating the stability, subcellular localization, and transcriptional activity of SALL4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feikun Yang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, 57 Old, Forge Road, Tuxedo, New York 10987, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu YY, Kogai T, Schultz JJ, Mody K, Brent GA. Thyroid hormone receptor isoform-specific modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modulates thyroid hormone-dependent gene regulation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:36499-508. [PMID: 22930759 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.344317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptor (TR) α and β mediate thyroid hormone action at target tissues. TR isoforms have specific roles in development and in adult tissues. The mechanisms underlying TR isoform-specific action, however, are not well understood. We demonstrate that posttranslational modification of TR by conjugation of small SUMO to TRα and TRβ plays an important role in triiodothyronine (T3) action and TR isoform specificity. TRα was sumoylated at lysines 283 and 389, and TRβ at lysines 50, 146, and 443. Sumoylation of TRβ was ligand-dependent, and sumoylation of TRα was ligand-independent. TRα-SUMO conjugation utilized the E3 ligase PIASxβ and TRβ-SUMO conjugation utilized predominantly PIAS1. SUMO1 and SUMO3 conjugation to TR was important for T3-dependent gene regulation, as demonstrated in transient transfection assay and studies of endogenous gene regulation. The functional role of SUMO1 and SUMO3 in T3 induction in transient expression assays was closely matched to the pattern of TR and cofactor recruitment to thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) as determined by ChIP assays. SUMO1 was required for the T3-induced recruitment of the co-activator CREB-binding protein (CBP) and release of nuclear receptor co-repressor (NCoR) on a TRE but had no significant effect on TR DNA binding. SUMO1 was required for T3-mediated recruitment of NCoR and release of CBP from the TSHβ-negative TRE. SUMO3 was required for T3-stimulated TR binding to the TSHβ-negative TRE and recruitment of NCoR. These findings demonstrate that conjugation of SUMO to TR has a TR-isoform preference and is important for T3-dependent gene induction and repression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yun Liu
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90073, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu Y, Guo Z, Wu H, Wang X, Yang L, Shi X, Du J, Tang B, Li W, Yang L, Zhang Y. SUMOylation represses Nanog expression via modulating transcription factors Oct4 and Sox2. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39606. [PMID: 22745796 PMCID: PMC3382131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanog is a pivotal transcription factor in embryonic stem (ES) cells and is essential for maintaining the pluripotency and self-renewal of ES cells. SUMOylation has been proved to regulate several stem cell markers' function, such as Oct4 and Sox2. Nanog is strictly regulated by Oct4/Sox2 heterodimer. However, the direct effects of SUMOylation on Nanog expression remain unclear. In this study, we reported that SUMOylation repressed Nanog expression. Depletion of Sumo1 or its conjugating enzyme Ubc9 increased the expression of Nanog, while high SUMOylation reduced its expression. Interestingly, we found that SUMOylation of Oct4 and Sox2 regulated Nanog in an opposing manner. SUMOylation of Oct4 enhanced Nanog expression, while SUMOylated Sox2 inhibited its expression. Moreover, SUMOylation of Oct4 by Pias2 or Sox2 by Pias3 impaired the interaction between Oct4 and Sox2. Taken together, these results indicate that SUMOylation has a negative effect on Nanog expression and provides new insights into the mechanism of SUMO modification involved in ES cells regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Wu
- College of life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zekun Guo
- College of life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- College of life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaohai Wang
- College of life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lixia Yang
- College of life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- College of life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Du
- College of life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenzhong Li
- College of life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liping Yang
- College of life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways are among the most frequently deregulated signalling events in cancer. Among the critical targets of MAPK activities are members of the AP-1 (activator protein 1) transcription factor, a dimeric complex consisting of Jun, Fos, Maf and ATF (activating transcription factor) family DNA-binding proteins. Depending on the cellular context, the composition of the dimeric complexes determines the regulation of growth, survival or apoptosis. JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), p38 and a number of Jun and Fos family proteins have been analysed for their involvement in oncogenic transformation and tumour formation. These data are also emerging for the ATF components of the AP-1 factor. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the functions of two ATF family proteins, ATF2 and ATF7, in mammalian development and their potential functions in tumour formation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Diring J, Camuzeaux B, Donzeau M, Vigneron M, Rosa-Calatrava M, Kedinger C, Chatton B. A cytoplasmic negative regulator isoform of ATF7 impairs ATF7 and ATF2 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23351. [PMID: 21858082 PMCID: PMC3156760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing and post-translational modifications are processes that give rise to the complexity of the proteome. The nuclear ATF7 and ATF2 (activating transcription factor) are structurally homologous leucine zipper transcription factors encoded by distinct genes. Stress and growth factors activate ATF2 and ATF7 mainly via sequential phosphorylation of two conserved threonine residues in their activation domain. Distinct protein kinases, among which mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphorylate ATF2 and ATF7 first on Thr71/Thr53 and next on Thr69/Thr51 residues respectively, resulting in transcriptional activation. Here, we identify and characterize a cytoplasmic alternatively spliced isoform of ATF7. This variant, named ATF7-4, inhibits both ATF2 and ATF7 transcriptional activities by impairing the first phosphorylation event on Thr71/Thr53 residues. ATF7-4 indeed sequesters the Thr53-phosphorylating kinase in the cytoplasm. Upon stimulus-induced phosphorylation, ATF7-4 is poly-ubiquitinated and degraded, enabling the release of the kinase and ATF7/ATF2 activation. Our data therefore conclusively establish that ATF7-4 is an important cytoplasmic negative regulator of ATF7 and ATF2 transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Diring
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, BP10413, Illkirch, France
| | - Barbara Camuzeaux
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, BP10413, Illkirch, France
| | - Mariel Donzeau
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, BP10413, Illkirch, France
| | - Marc Vigneron
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, BP10413, Illkirch, France
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathologie Humaine VirPath, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claude Kedinger
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, BP10413, Illkirch, France
| | - Bruno Chatton
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, BP10413, Illkirch, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Van Damme E, Laukens K, Dang TH, Van Ostade X. A manually curated network of the PML nuclear body interactome reveals an important role for PML-NBs in SUMOylation dynamics. Int J Biol Sci 2010; 6:51-67. [PMID: 20087442 PMCID: PMC2808052 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.6.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Promyelocytic Leukaemia Protein nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) are dynamic nuclear protein aggregates. To gain insight in PML-NB function, reductionist and high throughput techniques have been employed to identify PML-NB proteins. Here we present a manually curated network of the PML-NB interactome based on extensive literature review including database information. By compiling 'the PML-ome', we highlighted the presence of interactors in the Small Ubiquitin Like Modifier (SUMO) conjugation pathway. Additionally, we show an enrichment of SUMOylatable proteins in the PML-NBs through an in-house prediction algorithm. Therefore, based on the PML network, we hypothesize that PML-NBs may function as a nuclear SUMOylation hotspot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Van Damme
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp (Campus Drie Eiken), Universiteitsplein 1 - Building T, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Camuzeaux B, Diring J, Hamard PJ, Oulad-Abdelghani M, Donzeau M, Vigneron M, Kedinger C, Chatton B. p38beta2-mediated phosphorylation and sumoylation of ATF7 are mutually exclusive. J Mol Biol 2008; 384:980-91. [PMID: 18950637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous activating transcription factor (ATF) 7 binds as a homodimer to the cAMP response element/TPA response element motifs present in the promoters of its target genes. ATF7 is homologous to ATF2 and heterodimerizes with Jun or Fos proteins, modulating their DNA-binding specificities. We previously demonstrated that TAF12, a component of the TFIID general transcription factor, mediates ATF7 transcriptional activity through direct interactions between the two proteins. By contrast, ATF7, but not ATF2, is modified in vivo by sumoylation, which restricts its subcellular localization, thereby inhibiting its transcriptional activity. In the present study, we dissect the mechanism of this functional switch. We characterized the multisite phosphorylation of the ATF7 activation domain and identified one of the involved kinase, p38beta2 mitogen-activated protein kinase. In addition, we show that epidermal growth factor treatment results in a two-step modification mechanism of ATF7 activation domain. The Thr53 residue is phosphorylated first by a presently unknown kinase, allowing p38beta2 mitogen-activated protein kinase to modify the Thr51 residue, excluding the sumoylation of ATF7 protein. The resulting activation of transcription is related to an increased association of TAF12 with this phosphorylated form of ATF7. Our data therefore conclusively establish that sumoylation and phosphorylation of ATF7 are two antagonistic posttranslational modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Camuzeaux
- Université de Strasbourg I, Institut Gilbert Laustriat, CNRS-UMR7175, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, BP10413, Strasbourg Illkirch Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pervasive sex-linked effects on transcription regulation as revealed by expression quantitative trait loci mapping in lake whitefish species pairs (Coregonus sp., Salmonidae). Genetics 2008; 179:1903-17. [PMID: 18660540 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.107.086306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mapping of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) is a powerful means for elucidating the genetic architecture of gene regulation. Yet, eQTL mapping has not been applied toward investigating the regulation architecture of genes involved in the process of population divergence, ultimately leading to speciation events. Here, we conducted an eQTL mapping experiment to compare the genetic architecture of transcript regulation in adaptive traits, differentiating the recently evolved limnetic (dwarf) and benthic (normal) species pairs of lake whitefish. The eQTL were mapped in three data sets derived from an F(1) hybrid-dwarf backcrossed family: the entire set of 66 genotyped individuals and the two sexes treated separately. We identified strikingly more eQTL in the female data set (174), compared to both male (54) and combined (33) data sets. The majority of these genes were not differentially expressed between male and female progeny of the backcross family, thus providing evidence for a strong pleiotropic sex-linked effect in transcriptomic regulation. The subtelomeric region of a linkage group segregating in females encompassed >50% of all eQTL, which exhibited the most pronounced additive effects. We also conducted a direct comparison of transcriptomic profiles between pure dwarf and normal progeny reared in controlled conditions. We detected 34 differentially expressed transcripts associated with eQTL segregating only in sex-specific data sets and mostly belonging to functional groups that differentiate dwarf and normal whitefish in natural populations. Therefore, these eQTL are not related to interindividual variation, but instead to the adaptive and historical genetic divergence between dwarf and normal whitefish. This study exemplifies how the integration of genetic and transcriptomic data offers a strong means for dissecting the functional genomic response to selection by separating mapping family-specific effects from genetic factors under selection, potentially involved in the phenotypic divergence of natural populations.
Collapse
|
25
|
Bhoumik A, Lopez-Bergami P, Ronai Z. ATF2 on the double - activating transcription factor and DNA damage response protein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 20:498-506. [PMID: 17935492 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.2007.00414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways play a key role in the regulation of key cellular processes, including survival and death. Growing evidence points to changes in signaling pathway that occur during skin tumor development and progression. Such changes impact the activity of downstream substrates, including transcription factors. The activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) has been implicated in malignant and non-malignant skin tumor developments. ATF2 mediates both transcription and DNA damage control, through its phosphorylation by JNK/p38 or ATM/ATR respectively. Here, we summarize our present understanding of ATF2 regulation, function and contribution to malignant and non-malignant skin tumor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Bhoumik
- Signal Transduction Program, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|