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HSP70 and TNF Loci Polymorphism Associated with the Posner-Schlossman Syndrome in a Southern Chinese Population. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:5242948. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5242948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that HLA gene polymorphisms are associated with the pathogenesis of the Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS). This study was aimed at evaluating the associations between HLA-III gene polymorphisms and PSS in a southern Chinese Han population. A total of 150 PSS patients and 183 healthy controls were included in this study. Twenty-one single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of HLA-III genes (including HSP70-1, HSP70-2, HSP70-hom, TNF-α, TNF-β, C2, and CFB) were genotyped using the SNaPshot technique. Our study showed that the frequencies of G allele at rs909253, A allele at rs1041981, and G allele at rs2844484 of TNF-β in the patient group were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (Corrected
,
;
,
;
,
, respectively). The frequency of T allele at rs12190359 of HSP70-1 was significantly lower in PSS patients than those in healthy controls (
and
). The frequencies of the CCT haplotype of HSP70-1 gene (rs1008438-rs562047-rs12190359) and the ACCCTTT haplotype of HSP70 gene (rs2227956-rs1043618-rs1008438-rs562047-rs12190359-rs2763979-rs6457452) were significantly lower in PSS patients than those in healthy controls (
,
;
,
, respectively). In conclusion, the G allele at rs909253, A allele at rs1041981, and G allele at rs2844484 of TNF-β gene might be risk factors for PSS, while the T allele at rs12190359 of HSP70-1 gene and specific haplotypes of the HSP70-1 and HSP70 genes might be protective factors for PSS.
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2
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Campbell MC, Ashong B, Teng S, Harvey J, Cross CN. Multiple selective sweeps of ancient polymorphisms in and around LTα located in the MHC class III region on chromosome 6. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:218. [PMID: 31791241 PMCID: PMC6889576 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphotoxin-α (LTα), located in the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class III region on chromosome 6, encodes a cytotoxic protein that mediates a variety of antiviral responses among other biological functions. Furthermore, several genotypes at this gene have been implicated in the onset of a number of complex diseases, including myocardial infarction, autoimmunity, and various types of cancer. However, little is known about levels of nucleotide variation and linkage disequilibrium (LD) in and near LTα, which could also influence phenotypic variance. To address this gap in knowledge, we examined sequence variation across ~ 10 kilobases (kbs), encompassing LTα and the upstream region, in 2039 individuals from the 1000 Genomes Project originating from 21 global populations. RESULTS Here, we observed striking patterns of diversity, including an excess of intermediate-frequency alleles, the maintenance of multiple common haplotypes and a deep coalescence time for variation (dating > 1.0 million years ago), in global populations. While these results are generally consistent with a model of balancing selection, we also uncovered a signature of positive selection in the form of long-range LD on chromosomes with derived alleles primarily in Eurasian populations. To reconcile these findings, which appear to support different models of selection, we argue that selective sweeps (particularly, soft sweeps) of multiple derived alleles in and/or near LTα occurred in non-Africans after their ancestors left Africa. Furthermore, these targets of selection were predicted to alter transcription factor binding site affinity and protein stability, suggesting they play a role in gene function. Additionally, our data also showed that a subset of these functional adaptive variants are present in archaic hominin genomes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study identified candidate functional alleles in a biologically-relevant genomic region, and offers new insights into the evolutionary origins of these loci in modern human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Campbell
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059 USA
| | - Bryan Ashong
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059 USA
| | - Shaolei Teng
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059 USA
| | - Jayla Harvey
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059 USA
| | - Christopher N. Cross
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059 USA
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3
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Jayaraman A, Jayaraman S. DNA hypermethylation does not negatively impact the transcription of the TNF-α gene in an acute T-cell leukemia. Epigenomics 2019; 11:1753-1763. [PMID: 31755306 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To better understand the roles of DNA methylation and histone acetylation in the transcription of the TNF-α gene (TNFA) in leukemic T cells. Materials & methods: Methylation levels of cytosine-guanosine dinucleotides (CPGs) were assessed by mass spectrometry. The influence of epigenetic modifiers on DNA methylation and TNFA transcription was also determined. Results: CPG at the 5' promoter region, first exon and first intron of TNFA were hypermethylated in leukemic T cells and not impacted by epigenetic drugs. Activation of the class III histone deacetylases but not inhibitors of DNA methylation or histone deacetylases repressed TNFA transcription. Conclusion: These results lend insights into the impact of epigenetic mechanisms on the TNFA transcription in leukemic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arathi Jayaraman
- Department of Medicine, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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4
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Broker RDC, Doetzer AD, de Souza CM, Alvim-Pereira F, Alvim-Pereira CC, Trevilatto PC. Clinical aspects and polymorphisms in the LTA, TNFA, LTB genes and association with dental implant loss. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2018; 20:954-961. [PMID: 30334603 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study shows the relationship between host factors and environmental factors in the influence of susceptibility to loss of dental implants. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the association of clinical aspects and tag SNPs of the genes LTA, TNFA, and LTB with dental implant loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS The subjects consisted of 244 patients, divided into two groups: control group (C)-163 individuals who did not lose any implants, being in function for at least 6 months; and study group (S)-81 individuals who had lost at least one implant. DNA was collected from saliva, and the genotypes were determined by real time PCR. Univariate and multivariate analysis were employed p < .05. RESULTS After multivariate analysis, dental implant loss remained associated with the presence of teeth (p = .011), a larger amount of placed implants (p = .001), and allelle C of rs2009658 of the LTA gene (p = .006). For the other tag SNPs of these studied genes, there was no association between the groups C and S with dental implants loss. CONCLUSION Presence of teeth, number of placed implants and allele C of rs2009658 of LTA gene were associated with implant loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cássia Broker
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Andrea Duarte Doetzer
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cleber Machado de Souza
- Program in Dentistry and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Alvim-Pereira
- Department of Dentistry, Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Cristina Trevilatto
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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5
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Song Y, Schwager MJ, Backer V, Guo J, Porsbjerg C, Khoo SK, Laing IA, Moses EK, LeSouëf P, Zhang GB. Environment Changes Genetic Effects on Respiratory Conditions and Allergic Phenotypes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6342. [PMID: 28740106 PMCID: PMC5524954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases is disproportionately distributed among different populations, with an increasing trend observed in Western countries. Here we investigated how the environment affected genotype-phenotype association in a genetically homogeneous, but geographically separated population. We evaluated 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) corresponding to 8 genes (ADAM33, ALOX5, LT-α, LTC4S, NOS1, ORMDL3, TBXA2R and TNF-α), the lung function and five respiratory/allergic conditions (ever asthma, bronchitis, rhinitis, dermatitis and atopy) in two populations of Inuit residing either in the westernized environment of Denmark or in the rural area of Greenland. Our results showed that lung function was associated with genetic variants in ORMDL3, with polymorphisms having a significant interaction with place of residence. LT-α SNP rs909253 and rs1041981 were significantly associated with bronchitis risk. LT-α SNP rs2844484 was related to dermatitis susceptibility and was significantly influenced by the place of residence. The observed gene-phenotype relationships were exclusively present in one population and absent in the other population. We conclude that the genotype-phenotype associations relating to bronchitis and allergy susceptibility are dependent on the environment and that environmental factors/lifestyles modify genetic predisposition and change the genetic effects on diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Song
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, 6102, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, The University of Western Australia and Curtin University, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle J Schwager
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vibeke Backer
- Department of Respiratory medicine, Bispebjerg University hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, 6102, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, The University of Western Australia and Curtin University, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Celeste Porsbjerg
- Department of Respiratory medicine, Bispebjerg University hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siew-Kim Khoo
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ingrid A Laing
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eric K Moses
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, The University of Western Australia and Curtin University, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter LeSouëf
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Guicheng Brad Zhang
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, 6102, Western Australia, Australia. .,Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, The University of Western Australia and Curtin University, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia. .,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.
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6
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Tu WJ, Hardy K, Sutton CR, McCuaig R, Li J, Dunn J, Tan A, Brezar V, Morris M, Denyer G, Lee SK, Turner SJ, Seddiki N, Smith C, Khanna R, Rao S. Priming of transcriptional memory responses via the chromatin accessibility landscape in T cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44825. [PMID: 28317936 PMCID: PMC5357947 DOI: 10.1038/srep44825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory T cells exhibit transcriptional memory and “remember” their previous pathogenic encounter to increase transcription on re-infection. However, how this transcriptional priming response is regulated is unknown. Here we performed global FAIRE-seq profiling of chromatin accessibility in a human T cell transcriptional memory model. Primary activation induced persistent accessibility changes, and secondary activation induced secondary-specific opening of previously less accessible regions associated with enhanced expression of memory-responsive genes. Increased accessibility occurred largely in distal regulatory regions and was associated with increased histone acetylation and relative H3.3 deposition. The enhanced re-stimulation response was linked to the strength of initial PKC-induced signalling, and PKC-sensitive increases in accessibility upon initial stimulation showed higher accessibility on re-stimulation. While accessibility maintenance was associated with ETS-1, accessibility at re-stimulation-specific regions was linked to NFAT, especially in combination with ETS-1, EGR, GATA, NFκB, and NR4A. Furthermore, NFATC1 was directly regulated by ETS-1 at an enhancer region. In contrast to the factors that increased accessibility, signalling from bHLH and ZEB family members enhanced decreased accessibility upon re-stimulation. Interplay between distal regulatory elements, accessibility, and the combined action of sequence-specific transcription factors allows transcriptional memory-responsive genes to “remember” their initial environmental encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Juan Tu
- Faculty of Education, Science, Technology &Mathematics, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2617, Australia
| | - Kristine Hardy
- Faculty of Education, Science, Technology &Mathematics, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2617, Australia
| | - Christopher R Sutton
- Faculty of Education, Science, Technology &Mathematics, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2617, Australia
| | - Robert McCuaig
- Faculty of Education, Science, Technology &Mathematics, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2617, Australia
| | - Jasmine Li
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Microbiology &Immunology, The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jenny Dunn
- Faculty of Education, Science, Technology &Mathematics, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2617, Australia
| | - Abel Tan
- Faculty of Education, Science, Technology &Mathematics, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2617, Australia
| | - Vedran Brezar
- INSERM U955 Eq16 Faculte de medicine Henri Mondor and Universite Paris-Est, Creteil/Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil 94010, France
| | - Melanie Morris
- Faculty of Education, Science, Technology &Mathematics, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2617, Australia
| | - Gareth Denyer
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sau Kuen Lee
- QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen J Turner
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Microbiology &Immunology, The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nabila Seddiki
- INSERM U955 Eq16 Faculte de medicine Henri Mondor and Universite Paris-Est, Creteil/Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil 94010, France
| | - Corey Smith
- QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rajiv Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sudha Rao
- Faculty of Education, Science, Technology &Mathematics, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2617, Australia
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7
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Ertl NG, O’Connor WA, Papanicolaou A, Wiegand AN, Elizur A. Transcriptome Analysis of the Sydney Rock Oyster, Saccostrea glomerata: Insights into Molluscan Immunity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156649. [PMID: 27258386 PMCID: PMC4892480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oysters have important ecological functions in their natural environment, acting as global carbon sinks and improving water quality by removing excess nutrients from the water column. During their life-time oysters are exposed to a variety of pathogens that can cause severe mortality in a range of oyster species. Environmental stressors encountered in their habitat can increase the susceptibility of oysters to these pathogens and in general have been shown to impact on oyster immunity, making immune parameters expressed in these marine animals an important research topic. RESULTS Paired-end Illumina high throughput sequencing of six S. glomerata tissues exposed to different environmental stressors resulted in a total of 484,121,702 paired-end reads. When reads and assembled transcripts were compared to the C. gigas genome, an overall low level of similarity at the nucleotide level, but a relatively high similarity at the protein level was observed. Examination of the tissue expression pattern showed that some transcripts coding for cathepsins, heat shock proteins and antioxidant proteins were exclusively expressed in the haemolymph of S. glomerata, suggesting a role in innate immunity. Furthermore, analysis of the S. glomerata ORFs showed a wide range of genes potentially involved in innate immunity, from pattern recognition receptors, components of the Toll-like signalling and apoptosis pathways to a complex antioxidant defence mechanism. CONCLUSIONS This is the first large scale RNA-Seq study carried out in S. glomerata, showing the complex network of innate immune components that exist in this species. The results confirmed that many of the innate immune system components observed in mammals are also conserved in oysters; however, some, such as the TLR adaptors MAL, TRIF and TRAM are either missing or have been modified significantly. The components identified in this study could help explain the oysters' natural resilience against pathogenic microorganisms encountered in their natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole G. Ertl
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Seafood Cooperative Research Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Wayne A. O’Connor
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries, Taylors Beach, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexie Papanicolaou
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Ecosystem Sciences, Black Mountain Laboratories, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Aaron N. Wiegand
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Abigail Elizur
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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8
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Chow NA, Jasenosky LD, Goldfeld AE. A distal locus element mediates IFN-γ priming of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated TNF gene expression. Cell Rep 2014; 9:1718-1728. [PMID: 25482561 PMCID: PMC4268019 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon γ (IFN-γ) priming sensitizes monocytes and macrophages to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, resulting in augmented expression of a set of genes including TNF. Here, we demonstrate that IFN-γ priming of LPS-stimulated TNF transcription requires a distal TNF/LT locus element 8 kb upstream of the TNF transcription start site (hHS-8). IFN-γ stimulation leads to increased DNase I accessibility of hHS-8 and its recruitment of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), and subsequent LPS stimulation enhances H3K27 acetylation and induces enhancer RNA synthesis at hHS-8. Ablation of IRF1 or targeting the hHS-8 IRF1 binding site in vivo with Cas9 linked to the KRAB repressive domain abolishes IFN-γ priming, but does not affect LPS induction of the gene. Thus, IFN-γ poises a distal enhancer in the TNF/LT locus by chromatin remodeling and IRF1 recruitment, which then drives enhanced TNF gene expression in response to a secondary toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy A Chow
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luke D Jasenosky
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anne E Goldfeld
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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9
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Shebzukhov YV, Horn K, Brazhnik KI, Drutskaya MS, Kuchmiy AA, Kuprash DV, Nedospasov SA. Dynamic changes in chromatin conformation at the TNF transcription start site in T helper lymphocyte subsets. Eur J Immunol 2013; 44:251-64. [PMID: 24009130 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201243297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is one of the key primary response genes in the immune system that can be activated by a variety of stimuli. Previous analysis of chromatin accessibility to DNaseI demonstrated open chromatin conformation of the TNF proximal promoter in T cells. Here, using chromatin probing with restriction enzyme EcoNI and micrococcal nuclease we show that in contrast to the proximal promoter, the TNF transcription start site remains in a closed chromatin configuration in primary T helper (Th) cells, but acquires an open state after activation or polarization under Th1 and Th17 conditions. We further demonstrate that transcription factor c-Jun plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of open chromatin conformation at the transcription start site of the TNF gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury V Shebzukhov
- German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Epigenetic control of cytokine gene expression: regulation of the TNF/LT locus and T helper cell differentiation. Adv Immunol 2013; 118:37-128. [PMID: 23683942 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407708-9.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics encompasses transient and heritable modifications to DNA and nucleosomes in the native chromatin context. For example, enzymatic addition of chemical moieties to the N-terminal "tails" of histones, particularly acetylation and methylation of lysine residues in the histone tails of H3 and H4, plays a key role in regulation of gene transcription. The modified histones, which are physically associated with gene regulatory regions that typically occur within conserved noncoding sequences, play a functional role in active, poised, or repressed gene transcription. The "histone code" defined by these modifications, along with the chromatin-binding acetylases, deacetylases, methylases, demethylases, and other enzymes that direct modifications resulting in specific patterns of histone modification, shows considerable evolutionary conservation from yeast to humans. Direct modifications at the DNA level, such as cytosine methylation at CpG motifs that represses promoter activity, are another highly conserved epigenetic mechanism of gene regulation. Furthermore, epigenetic modifications at the nucleosome or DNA level can also be coupled with higher-order intra- or interchromosomal interactions that influence the location of regulatory elements and that can place them in an environment of specific nucleoprotein complexes associated with transcription. In the mammalian immune system, epigenetic gene regulation is a crucial mechanism for a range of physiological processes, including the innate host immune response to pathogens and T cell differentiation driven by specific patterns of cytokine gene expression. Here, we will review current findings regarding epigenetic regulation of cytokine genes important in innate and/or adaptive immune responses, with a special focus upon the tumor necrosis factor/lymphotoxin locus and cytokine-driven CD4+ T cell differentiation into the Th1, Th2, and Th17 lineages.
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11
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Munro S, Mitchell M, Ponnampalam A. Histone deacetylase inhibition by trichostatin A mitigates LPS induced TNFα and IL-10 production in human placental explants. Placenta 2013; 34:567-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Yokley BH, Selby ST, Posch PE. A stimulation-dependent alternate core promoter links lymphotoxin α expression with TGF-β1 and fibroblast growth factor-7 signaling in primary human T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:4573-84. [PMID: 23547113 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lymphotoxin (LT)-α regulates many biologic activities, yet little is known of the regulation of its gene. In this study, the contribution to LTA transcriptional regulation of the region between the transcription and translation start sites (downstream segment) was investigated. The LTA downstream segment was found to be required for, and alone to be sufficient for, maximal transcriptional activity in both T and B lymphocytes. The latter observation suggested that an alternate core promoter might be present in the downstream segment. Characterization of LTA mRNAs isolated from primary and from transformed human T cells under different stimulation conditions identified eight unique transcript variants (TVs), including one (LTA TV8) that initiated within a polypyrimidine tract near the 3' end of the downstream segment. Further investigation determined that the LTA downstream segment alternate core promoter that produces the LTA TV8 transcript most likely consists of a stimulating protein 1 binding site and an initiator element and that factors involved in transcription initiation (stimulating protein 1, TFII-I, and RNA polymerase II) bind to this LTA region in vivo. Interestingly, the LTA downstream segment alternate core promoter was active only after specific cellular stimulation and was the major promoter used when human T cells were stimulated with TGF-β1 and fibroblast growth factor-7. Most importantly, this study provides evidence of a direct link for crosstalk between T cells and epithelial/stromal cells that has implications for LT signaling by T cells in the cooperative regulation of various processes typically associated with TGF-βR and fibroblast growth factor-R2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Yokley
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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13
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Atan D, Heissigerova J, Kuffová L, Hogan A, Kilmartin DJ, Forrester JV, Bidwell JL, Dick AD, Churchill AJ. Tumor necrosis factor polymorphisms associated with tumor necrosis factor production influence the risk of idiopathic intermediate uveitis. Mol Vis 2013; 19:184-95. [PMID: 23378732 PMCID: PMC3559088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Idiopathic intermediate uveitis (IIU) is a potentially sight-threatening inflammatory disorder with well-defined anatomic diagnostic criteria. It is often associated with multiple sclerosis, and both conditions are linked to HLA-DRB1*15. Previously, we have shown that non-infectious uveitis (NIU) is associated with interleukin 10 (IL10) polymorphisms, IL10-2849A (rs6703630), IL10+434T (rs2222202), and IL10+504G (rs3024490), while a LTA+252AA/TNFA-238GG haplotype (rs909253/rs361525) is protective. In this study, we determined whether patients with IIU have a similar genetic profile as patients with NIU or multiple sclerosis. METHODS Twelve polymorphisms were genotyped, spanning the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL10 genomic regions, in 44 patients with IIU and 92 population controls from the UK and the Republic of Ireland. RESULTS IIU was strongly associated with the TNFA-308A and TNFA-238A polymorphisms. We found the combination of TNFA-308 and -238 loci was more strongly associated with IIU than any other loci across the major histocompatibility complex, including HLA-DRB1. CONCLUSIONS TNF polymorphisms, associated with increased TNF production, are highly associated with IIU. These results offer the potential to ascribe therapeutic response and risk (i.e., the influence of HLA-DRB1*15 status and TNFR1 polymorphism) to anti-TNF therapy in IIU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denize Atan
- School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Eye Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LX, United Kingdom
| | - Jarka Heissigerova
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Kuffová
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Aideen Hogan
- Research Foundation, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
| | - Dara J. Kilmartin
- Research Foundation, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
| | - John V. Forrester
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Jeff L. Bidwell
- School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, School of Medical Sciences, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Dick
- School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Eye Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LX, United Kingdom,School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, School of Medical Sciences, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J. Churchill
- School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Eye Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LX, United Kingdom
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Via LE, Tsytsykova AV, Rajsbaum R, Falvo JV, Goldfeld AE. The transcription factor NFATp plays a key role in susceptibility to TB in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41427. [PMID: 22844476 PMCID: PMC3402414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In T cells, the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells p (NFATp) is a key regulator of the cytokine genes tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Here, we show that NFATp-deficient (NFATp(-/-)) mice have a dramatic and highly significant increase in mortality after Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) infection as compared to mortality of control animals after MTb infection. Animals deficient in NFATp have significantly impaired levels of TNF and IFN-γ transcription and protein expression in naïve or total CD4(+) T cells, but display wild-type levels of TNF mRNA or protein from MTb-stimulated dendritic cells (DC). The rapid mortality and disease severity observed in MTb-infected NFATp(-/-) mice is associated with dysregulated production of TNF and IFN-γ in the lungs, as well as with increased levels of TNF, in their serum. Furthermore, global blocking of TNF production by injection of a TNF neutralizaing agent at 6 weeks, but not 12 weeks, post-MTb-infection further decreased the survival rate of both wild-type and NFATp(-/-) mice, indicating an early role for TNF derived from cells from the monocyte lineage in containment of infection. These results thus demonstrate that NFATp plays a critical role in immune containment of TB disease in vivo, through the NFATp-dependent expression of TNF and IFN-γ in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alla V. Tsytsykova
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston and Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Rajsbaum
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston and Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James V. Falvo
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston and Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anne E. Goldfeld
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston and Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Higher-order chromatin regulation and differential gene expression in the human tumor necrosis factor/lymphotoxin locus in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:1529-41. [PMID: 22354988 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.06478-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional context of endogenous chromosomal regions may contribute to the regulation of gene clusters by influencing interactions between transcriptional regulatory elements. In this study, we investigated the effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling on spatiotemporal enhancer-promoter interactions in the human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/lymphotoxin (LT) gene locus, mediated by CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)-dependent chromatin insulators. The cytokine genes LTα, TNF, and LTβ are differentially regulated by NF-κB signaling in inflammatory and oncogenic responses. We identified at least four CTCF-enriched sites with enhancer-blocking activities and a TNF-responsive TE2 enhancer in the TNF/LT locus. One of the CTCF-enriched sites is located between the early-inducible LTα/TNF promoters and the late-inducible LTβ promoter. Depletion of CTCF reduced TNF expression and accelerated LTβ induction. After TNF stimulation, via intrachromosomal dynamics, these insulators mediated interactions between the enhancer and the LTα/TNF promoters, followed by interaction with the LTβ promoter. These results suggest that insulators mediate the spatiotemporal control of enhancer-promoter associations in the TNF/LT gene cluster.
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17
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Wicks K, Knight JC. Transcriptional repression and DNA looping associated with a novel regulatory element in the final exon of the lymphotoxin-β gene. Genes Immun 2011; 12:126-35. [PMID: 21248773 PMCID: PMC3049238 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2010.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation has a critical role in the coordinate and context-specific expression of a cluster of genes encoding members of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily found at chromosome 6p21, comprising TNF, LTA (encoding lymphotoxin-α) and LTB (encoding lymphotoxin-β). This is important, as dysregulated expression of these genes is implicated in susceptibility to many autoimmune, inflammatory and infectious diseases. We describe here a novel regulatory element in the fourth exon of LTB, which is highly conserved, localises to the only CpG island in the locus, and is associated with a DNase I hypersensitive site and specific histone modifications. We find evidence of binding by Yin Yang 1 (YY1), cyclic AMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) to this region in Jurkat T cells, which is associated with transcriptional repression on reporter gene analysis. Chromatin conformation capture experiments show evidence of DNA looping, involving interaction of this element with the LTB promoter, LTA promoter and TNF 3′ untranslated region (UTR). Small interfering RNA (siRNA) experiments demonstrate a functional role for YY1 and CREB in LTB expression. Our findings provide evidence of additional complexity in the transcriptional regulation of LTB with implications for coordinate expression of genes in this important genomic locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wicks
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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18
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Smith MA, Maurin M, Cho HI, Becknell B, Freud AG, Yu J, Wei S, Djeu J, Celis E, Caligiuri MA, Wright KL. PRDM1/Blimp-1 controls effector cytokine production in human NK cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:6058-67. [PMID: 20944005 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NK cells are major effectors of the innate immune response through cytolysis and bridge to the adaptive immune response through cytokine release. The mediators of activation are well studied; however, little is known about the mechanisms that restrain activation. In this report, we demonstrate that the transcriptional repressor PRDM1 (also known as Blimp-1 or PRDI-BF1) is a critical negative regulator of NK function. Three distinct PRDM1 isoforms are selectively induced in the CD56(dim) NK population in response to activation. PRDM1 coordinately suppresses the release of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and TNF-β through direct binding to multiple conserved regulatory regions. Ablation of PRDM1 expression leads to enhanced production of IFN-γ and TNF-α but does not alter cytotoxicity, whereas overexpression blocks cytokine production. PRDM1 response elements are defined at the IFNG and TNF loci. Collectively, these data demonstrate a key role for PRDM1 in the negative regulation of NK activation and position PRDM1 as a common regulator of the adaptive and innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Smith
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Abstract
Spatially and temporally controlled expression of inflammatory mediators is critical for an appropriate immune response. In this study, we define the role for interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) in secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by human dendritic cells (DCs). We demonstrate that DCs but not macrophages have high levels of IRF5 protein, and that IRF5 is responsible for the late-phase expression of TNF, which is absent in macrophages. Sustained TNF secretion is essential for robust T-cell activation by DCs. Systematic bioinformatic and biochemical analyses of the TNF gene locus map 2 sites of IRF5 recruitment: 5' upstream and 3' downstream of the TNF gene. Remarkably, while IRF5 can directly bind to DNA in the upstream region, its recruitment to the downstream region depends on the protein-protein interactions with NF-kappaB RelA. This study provides new insights into diverse molecular mechanisms employed by IRF5 to regulate gene expression and implicates RelA-IRF5 interactions as a putative target for cell-specific modulation of TNF expression.
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Falvo JV, Tsytsykova AV, Goldfeld AE. Transcriptional control of the TNF gene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 11:27-60. [PMID: 20173386 DOI: 10.1159/000289196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine TNF is a critical mediator of immune and inflammatory responses. The TNF gene is an immediate early gene, rapidly transcribed in a variety of cell types following exposure to a broad range of pathogens and signals of inflammation and stress. Regulation of TNF gene expression at the transcriptional level is cell type- and stimulus-specific, involving the recruitment of distinct sets of transcription factors to a compact and modular promoter region. In this review, we describe our current understanding of the mechanisms through which TNF transcription is specifically activated by a variety of extracellular stimuli in multiple cell types, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cells, and fibroblasts. We discuss the role of nuclear factor of activated T cells and other transcription factors and coactivators in enhanceosome formation, as well as the contradictory evidence for a role for nuclear factor kappaB as a classical activator of the TNF gene. We describe the impact of evolutionarily conserved cis-regulatory DNA motifs in the TNF locus upon TNF gene transcription, in contrast to the neutral effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms. We also assess the regulatory role of chromatin organization, epigenetic modifications, and long-range chromosomal interactions at the TNF locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- James V Falvo
- Immune Disease Institute and Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Vandiedonck C, Knight JC. The human Major Histocompatibility Complex as a paradigm in genomics research. BRIEFINGS IN FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2009; 8:379-94. [PMID: 19468039 PMCID: PMC2987720 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elp010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery more than 50 years ago, the human Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) on chromosome 6p21.3 has been at the forefront of human genetic research. Here, we review from a historical perspective the major advances in our understanding of the nature and consequences of genetic variation which have involved the MHC, as well as highlighting likely future directions. As a consequence of its particular genomic structure, its remarkable polymorphism and its early implication in numerous diseases, the MHC has been considered as a model region for genomics, being the first substantial region to be sequenced and establishing fundamental concepts of linkage disequilibrium, haplotypic structure and meiotic recombination. Recently, the MHC became the first genomic region to be entirely re-sequenced for common haplotypes, while studies mapping gene expression phenotypes across the genome have strongly implicated variation in the MHC. This review shows how the MHC continues to provide new insights and remains in the vanguard of contemporary research in human genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vandiedonck
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (WTCHG), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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