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Zhang J, Li A, Gu R, Tong Y, Cheng J. Role and regulatory mechanism of microRNA mediated neuroinflammation in neuronal system diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238930. [PMID: 37637999 PMCID: PMC10457161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with the unique ability to degrade or block specific RNAs and regulate many cellular processes. Neuroinflammation plays the pivotal role in the occurrence and development of multiple central nervous system (CNS) diseases. The ability of miRNAs to enhance or restrict neuroinflammatory signaling pathways in CNS diseases is an emerging and important research area, including neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this review, we summarize the roles and regulatory mechanisms of recently identified miRNAs involved in neuroinflammation-mediated CNS diseases, aiming to explore and provide a better understanding and direction for the treatment of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jinbo Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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2
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Niu H, Pang Y, Xie L, Yu Q, Shen Y, Li J, Xu X. Clustering pattern and evolution characteristic of microRNAs in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:73. [PMID: 36782132 PMCID: PMC9926789 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A considerable fraction of microRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, and certain miRNAs correspond to genomic clusters. The clustering of miRNAs can be advantageous, possibly by allowing coordinated expression. However, little is known about the evolutionary forces responsible for the loss and acquisition of miRNA and miRNA clusters. RESULTS The results demonstrated that several novel miRNAs arose throughout grass carp evolution. Duplication and de novo production were critical strategies for miRNA cluster formation. Duplicates accounted for a smaller fraction of the expansion in the grass carp miRNA than de novo creation. Clustered miRNAs are more conserved and change slower, whereas unique miRNAs usually have high evolution rates and low expression levels. The expression level of miRNA expression in clusters is strongly correlated. CONCLUSIONS This study examines the genomic distribution, evolutionary background, and expression regulation of grass carp miRNAs. Our findings provide novel insights into the genesis and development of miRNA clusters in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Niu
- grid.412514.70000 0000 9833 2433Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China ,grid.412514.70000 0000 9833 2433National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China ,grid.412514.70000 0000 9833 2433Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Pang
- grid.412514.70000 0000 9833 2433Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China ,grid.412514.70000 0000 9833 2433National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China ,grid.412514.70000 0000 9833 2433Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingli Xie
- grid.412514.70000 0000 9833 2433Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China ,grid.412514.70000 0000 9833 2433National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China ,grid.412514.70000 0000 9833 2433Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaozhen Yu
- grid.412514.70000 0000 9833 2433Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China ,grid.412514.70000 0000 9833 2433National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China ,grid.412514.70000 0000 9833 2433Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubang Shen
- grid.412514.70000 0000 9833 2433Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China ,grid.412514.70000 0000 9833 2433National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China ,grid.412514.70000 0000 9833 2433Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. .,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. .,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Nassar A, Kodi T, Satarker S, Chowdari Gurram P, Upadhya D, SM F, Mudgal J, Nampoothiri M. Astrocytic MicroRNAs and Transcription Factors in Alzheimer's Disease and Therapeutic Interventions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244111. [PMID: 36552875 PMCID: PMC9776935 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are important for maintaining cholesterol metabolism, glutamate uptake, and neurotransmission. Indeed, inflammatory processes and neurodegeneration contribute to the altered morphology, gene expression, and function of astrocytes. Astrocytes, in collaboration with numerous microRNAs, regulate brain cholesterol levels as well as glutamatergic and inflammatory signaling, all of which contribute to general brain homeostasis. Neural electrical activity, synaptic plasticity processes, learning, and memory are dependent on the astrocyte-neuron crosstalk. Here, we review the involvement of astrocytic microRNAs that potentially regulate cholesterol metabolism, glutamate uptake, and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The interaction between astrocytic microRNAs and long non-coding RNA and transcription factors specific to astrocytes also contributes to the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, astrocytic microRNAs arise as a promising target, as AD conditions are a worldwide public health problem. This review examines novel therapeutic strategies to target astrocyte dysfunction in AD, such as lipid nanodiscs, engineered G protein-coupled receptors, extracellular vesicles, and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Nassar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Triveni Kodi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sairaj Satarker
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasada Chowdari Gurram
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Dinesh Upadhya
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Fayaz SM
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence:
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Xia S, Zheng Y, Yan F, Chen G. MicroRNAs modulate neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage: Prospects for new therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945860. [PMID: 36389834 PMCID: PMC9665326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most common subtype of hemorrhagic stroke. After ICH, blood components extravasate from vessels into the brain, activating immune cells and causing them to release a series of inflammatory mediators. Immune cells, together with inflammatory mediators, lead to neuroinflammation in the perihematomal region and the whole brain, and neuroinflammation is closely related to secondary brain injury as well as functional recovery of the brain. Despite recent progress in understanding the pathophysiology of ICH, there is still no effective treatment for this disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs 17-25 nucleotides in length that are generated naturally in the human body. They bind complementarily to messenger RNAs and suppress translation, thus regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They have been found to regulate the pathophysiological process of ICH, particularly the neuroinflammatory cascade. Multiple preclinical studies have shown that manipulating the expression and activity of miRNAs can modulate immune cell activities, influence neuroinflammatory responses, and ultimately affect neurological functions after ICH. This implicates the potentially crucial roles of miRNAs in post-ICH neuroinflammation and indicates the possibility of applying miRNA-based therapeutics for this disease. Thus, this review aims to address the pathophysiological roles and molecular underpinnings of miRNAs in the regulation of neuroinflammation after ICH. With a more sophisticated understanding of ICH and miRNAs, it is possible to translate these findings into new pharmacological therapies for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yonghe Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Feng Yan, ; Gao Chen,
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Feng Yan, ; Gao Chen,
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5
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Lazic A, Balint V, Stanisavljevic Ninkovic D, Peric M, Stevanovic M. Reactive and Senescent Astroglial Phenotypes as Hallmarks of Brain Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094995. [PMID: 35563385 PMCID: PMC9100382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, as the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system, are tightly integrated into neural networks and participate in numerous aspects of brain physiology and pathology. They are the main homeostatic cells in the central nervous system, and the loss of astrocyte physiological functions and/or gain of pro-inflammatory functions, due to their reactivation or cellular senescence, can have profound impacts on the surrounding microenvironment with pathological outcomes. Although the importance of astrocytes is generally recognized, and both senescence and reactive astrogliosis have been extensively reviewed independently, there are only a few comparative overviews of these complex processes. In this review, we summarize the latest data regarding astrocyte reactivation and senescence, and outline similarities and differences between these phenotypes from morphological, functional, and molecular points of view. A special focus has been given to neurodegenerative diseases, where these phenotypic alternations of astrocytes are significantly implicated. We also summarize current perspectives regarding new advances in model systems based on astrocytes as well as data pointing to these glial cells as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrijana Lazic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (D.S.N.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vanda Balint
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (D.S.N.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Danijela Stanisavljevic Ninkovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (D.S.N.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mina Peric
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (D.S.N.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Milena Stevanovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (D.S.N.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Kneza Mihaila 35, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
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6
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Durão ACCDS, Brandão WN, Bruno V, W. Spelta LE, Duro SDO, Barreto dos Santos N, Paranhos BAPB, Zanluqui NG, Yonamine M, Pierre Schatzmann Peron J, Munhoz CD, Marcourakis T. In Utero Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke Increases Neuroinflammation in Offspring. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:802542. [PMID: 35295109 PMCID: PMC8915864 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.802542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The embryonic stage is the most vulnerable period for congenital abnormalities. Due to its prolonged developmental course, the central nervous system (CNS) is susceptible to numerous genetic, epigenetic, and environmental influences. During embryo implantation, the CNS is more vulnerable to external influences such as environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), increasing the risk for delayed fetal growth, sudden infant death syndrome, and immune system abnormalities. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of in utero exposure to ETS on neuroinflammation in the offspring of pregnant mice challenged or not with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After the confirmation of mating by the presence of the vaginal plug until offspring birth, pregnant C57BL/6 mice were exposed to either 3R4F cigarettes smoke (Kentucky University) or compressed air, twice a day (1h each), for 21 days. Enhanced glial cell and mixed cell cultures were prepared from 3-day-old mouse pups. After cell maturation, both cells were stimulated with LPS or saline. To inhibit microglia activation, minocycline was added to the mixed cell culture media 24 h before LPS challenge. To verify the influence of in utero exposure to ETS on the development of neuroinflammatory events in adulthood, a different set of 8-week-old animals was submitted to the Autoimmune Experimental Encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. The results indicate that cells from LPS-challenged pups exposed to ETS in utero presented high levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and decreased cell viability. Such a proinflammatory environment could modulate fetal programming by an increase in microglia and astrocytes miRNA155. This scenario may lead to the more severe EAE observed in pups exposed to ETS in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wesley Nogueira Brandão
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Bruno
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lídia Emmanuela W. Spelta
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephanie de Oliveira Duro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton Barreto dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Nágela Ghabdan Zanluqui
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Yonamine
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Demarchi Munhoz
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Carolina Demarchi Munhoz, ; Tania Marcourakis,
| | - Tania Marcourakis
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Carolina Demarchi Munhoz, ; Tania Marcourakis,
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7
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Liang Y, Wang L. Inflamma-MicroRNAs in Alzheimer's Disease: From Disease Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Potentials. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:785433. [PMID: 34776873 PMCID: PMC8581643 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.785433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of senile dementia. Although AD research has made important breakthroughs, the pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear, and specific AD diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies are still lacking. Recent studies have demonstrated that neuroinflammation is involved in AD pathogenesis and is closely related to other health effects. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous short sequence non-coding RNAs that indirectly inhibit translation or directly degrade messenger RNA (mRNA) by specifically binding to its 3′ untranslated region (UTR). Several broadly expressed miRNAs including miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-155, have now been shown to regulate microglia/astrocytes activation. Other miRNAs, including miR-126 and miR-132, show a progressive link to the neuroinflammatory signaling. Therefore, further studies on these inflamma-miRNAs may shed light on the pathological mechanisms of AD. The differential expression of inflamma-miRNAs (such as miR-29a, miR-125b, and miR-126-5p) in the peripheral circulation may respond to AD progression, similar to inflammation, and therefore may become potential diagnostic biomarkers for AD. Moreover, inflamma-miRNAs could also be promising therapeutic targets for AD treatment. This review provides insights into the role of inflamma-miRNAs in AD, as well as an overview of general inflamma-miRNA biology, their implications in pathophysiology, and their potential roles as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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8
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Huang J, Zhao Q, Wei X, Ma W, Luo W, Gu H, Liu D, He Y, Huang T, Liu Y, Wang C, Yuan Z. miR-351-3p promotes rat amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stromal cell proliferation via targeting the coding sequence of Abca4. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1192-1206. [PMID: 33970551 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AFMSCs) present different features, depending on the isolation timing and culture conditions. The lack of uniform experimental standards hinders the comparison of results from different studies on AFMSCs. Moreover, understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the features of AFMSCs isolated at different embryonic developmental stages might allow the obtention of more viable and highly proliferative AFMSCs through genetic modification. We isolated AFMSCs from pregnant rats at embryonic day (E)12, E15, E18, and E21 and compared their cell proliferation capacity and transcriptome. The cell counting kit-8 assay and RNA sequencing revealed that E12 and E15 AFMSCs showed different characteristics from E18 and E21 AFMSCs. Therefore, AFMSCs were divided into two groups: early (E12 and E15) and late (E18 and E21) pregnancy-stage groups. Next, we screened the gene/microRNA pair Abca4/miR-351-3p that was related to cell proliferation. Abca4 knockdown/overexpression suggested that this gene represses the proliferation of AFMSCs, which is a newly discovered function of this gene. Finally, dual luciferase reporter gene assays confirmed that miR-351-3p targeted the coding sequence of Abca4 and regulated AFMSC proliferation. miR-351-3p promotes AFMSC proliferation via targeting the coding sequence of Abca4. Our findings provide a molecular foundation for further research for obtaining AFMSCs with a higher proliferation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieting Huang
- BaYi Children's Hospital, Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhao
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen He
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianchu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusi Liu
- Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Corrales WA, Silva JP, Parra CS, Olave FA, Aguayo FI, Román-Albasini L, Aliaga E, Venegas-Zamora L, Avalos AM, Rojas PS, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Oakley RH, Cidlowski JA, Fiedler JL. Sex-Dependent Changes of miRNA Levels in the Hippocampus of Adrenalectomized Rats Following Acute Corticosterone Administration. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2981-3001. [PMID: 34339164 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored sex-biased effects of the primary stress glucocorticoid hormone corticosterone on the miRNA expression profile in the rat hippocampus. Adult adrenalectomized (ADX) female and male rats received a single corticosterone (10 mg/kg) or vehicle injection, and after 6 h, hippocampi were collected for miRNA, mRNA, and Western blot analyses. miRNA profiling microarrays showed a basal sex-biased miRNA profile in ADX rat hippocampi. Additionally, acute corticosterone administration triggered a sex-biased differential expression of miRNAs derived from genes located in several chromosomes and clusters on the X and 6 chromosomes. Putative promoter analysis unveiled that most corticosterone-responsive miRNA genes contained motifs for either direct or indirect glucocorticoid actions in both sexes. The evaluation of transcription factors indicated that almost 50% of miRNA genes sensitive to corticosterone in both sexes was under glucocorticoid receptor regulation. Transcription factor-miRNA regulatory network analyses identified several transcription factors that regulate, activate, or repress miRNA expression. Validated target mRNA analysis of corticosterone-responsive miRNAs showed a more complex miRNA-mRNA interaction network in males compared to females. Enrichment analysis revealed that several hippocampal-relevant pathways were affected in both sexes, such as neurogenesis and neurotrophin signaling. The evaluation of selected miRNA targets from these pathways displayed a strong sex difference in the hippocampus of ADX-vehicle rats. Corticosterone treatment did not change the levels of the miRNA targets and their corresponding tested proteins. Our data indicate that corticosterone exerts a sex-biased effect on hippocampal miRNA expression, which may engage in sculpting the basal sex differences observed at higher levels of hippocampal functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wladimir A. Corrales
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Juan P. Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Claudio S. Parra
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Felipe A. Olave
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Felipe I. Aguayo
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Luciano Román-Albasini
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Esteban Aliaga
- Department of Kinesiology and The Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neurosciences Research Center (CINPSI-Neurocog), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Leslye Venegas-Zamora
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Ana M. Avalos
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile
| | - Paulina S. Rojas
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370149, Chile
| | - Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Robert H. Oakley
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - John A. Cidlowski
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Jenny L. Fiedler
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380492, Chile
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10
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Rasheed M, Liang J, Wang C, Deng Y, Chen Z. Epigenetic Regulation of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4956. [PMID: 34066949 PMCID: PMC8125491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the most significant factors involved in the initiation and progression of Parkinson's disease. PD is a neurodegenerative disorder with a motor disability linked with various complex and diversified risk factors. These factors trigger myriads of cellular and molecular processes, such as misfolding defective proteins, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neurotoxic substances that induce selective neurodegeneration of dopamine neurons. This neuronal damage activates the neuronal immune system, including glial cells and inflammatory cytokines, to trigger neuroinflammation. The transition of acute to chronic neuroinflammation enhances the susceptibility of inflammation-induced dopaminergic neuron damage, forming a vicious cycle and prompting an individual to PD development. Epigenetic mechanisms recently have been at the forefront of the regulation of neuroinflammatory factors in PD, proposing a new dawn for breaking this vicious cycle. This review examined the core epigenetic mechanisms involved in the activation and phenotypic transformation of glial cells mediated neuroinflammation in PD. We found that epigenetic mechanisms do not work independently, despite being coordinated with each other to activate neuroinflammatory pathways. In this regard, we attempted to find the synergic correlation and contribution of these epigenetic modifications with various neuroinflammatory pathways to broaden the canvas of underlying pathological mechanisms involved in PD development. Moreover, this study highlighted the dual characteristics (neuroprotective/neurotoxic) of these epigenetic marks, which may counteract PD pathogenesis and make them potential candidates for devising future PD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zixuan Chen
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.R.); (J.L.); (C.W.); (Y.D.)
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11
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Dorigatti AO, Hussong SA, Hernandez SF, Sills AM, Salmon AB, Galvan V. Primary neuron and astrocyte cultures from postnatal Callithrix jacchus: a non-human primate in vitro model for research in neuroscience, nervous system aging, and neurological diseases of aging. GeroScience 2021; 43:115-124. [PMID: 33063253 PMCID: PMC8050148 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to generate in vitro cultures of neuronal cells has been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the nervous system. Rodent models have been the principal source of brain cells used in primary cultures for over a century, providing insights that are widely applicable to human diseases. However, therapeutic agents that showed benefit in rodent models, particularly those pertaining to aging and age-associated dementias, have frequently failed in clinical trials. This discrepancy established a potential "translational gap" between human and rodent studies that may at least partially be explained by the phylogenetic distance between rodent and primate species. Several non-human primate (NHP) species, including the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), have been used extensively in neuroscience research, but in contrast to rodent models, practical approaches to the generation of primary cell culture systems amenable to molecular studies that can inform in vivo studies are lacking. Marmosets are a powerful model in biomedical research and particularly in studies of aging and age-associated diseases because they exhibit an aging phenotype similar to humans. Here, we report a practical method to culture primary marmoset neurons and astrocytes from brains of medically euthanized postnatal day 0 (P0) marmoset newborns that yield highly pure primary neuron and astrocyte cultures. Primary marmoset neuron and astrocyte cultures can be generated reliably to provide a powerful NHP in vitro model in neuroscience research that may enable mechanistic studies of nervous system aging and of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Because neuron and astrocyte cultures can be used in combination with in vivo approaches in marmosets, primary marmoset neuron and astrocyte cultures may help bridge the current translational gap between basic and clinical studies in nervous system aging and age-associated neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela O Dorigatti
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, STCBM 3.200.8, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Stacy A Hussong
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, STCBM 3.200.8, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Stephen F Hernandez
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, STCBM 3.200.8, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Aubrey M Sills
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Veronica Galvan
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, STCBM 3.200.8, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA.
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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12
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Dong J, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Yu M, Tian W. Comparison of the Therapeutic Effect of Allogeneic and Xenogeneic Small Extracellular Vesicles in Soft Tissue Repair. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6975-6991. [PMID: 33061363 PMCID: PMC7519865 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s269069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) are a heterogeneous group of vesicles that consist of proteins, lipids and miRNA molecules derived from the cell of origin. Although xenogeneic sEV have been applied for soft tissue regeneration successfully, the regeneration effect of allogeneic and xenogeneic sEV has not been compared systematically. Methods Our previous study has shown that sEV derived from rat adipose tissue successfully induced neoadipose regeneration. In this study, sEV were isolated from rat adipose tissue (r-sEV-AT) and porcine adipose tissue (p-sEV-AT), the morphology, size distribution and marker proteins expression of r-sEV-AT and p-sEV-AT were characterized. Besides, the sEV/AT ratio was evaluated and compared between r-sEV-AT and p-sEV-AT. Rat adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (rASCs) and rat aorta endothelial cells (rECs) were adopted to test the cellular response to allogeneic and xenogeneic sEV-AT. The effects of allogeneic and xenogeneic sEV-AT on host cells migration and neoadipose formation were evaluated in a subcutaneous custom-designed model. A full-thickness skin wound healing model was used to further compare the ability of allogeneic and xenogeneic sEV-AT in inducing complex soft tissue regeneration. Results p-sEV-AT showed similar morphology and size distribution to r-sEV-AT. Marker proteins of sEV were detected in both r-sEV-AT and p-sEV-AT. The sEV/AT ratio of porcine was slightly higher than that of rat. The effects of r-sEV-AT and p-sEV-AT on the differentiation of rASCs and rECs showed no significant difference. When allogeneic and xenogeneic sEV-AT were subcutaneously implanted into the back of SD rats, the host cells chemotactic infiltration was observed in 1 week and neoadipose tissue formation was induced in 8 weeks; no significant difference was observed between allogeneic and xenogeneic sEV-AT. For complex soft tissue regeneration, both allogeneic and xenogeneic sEV-AT significantly promoted wound re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation and hair follicle regeneration and then accelerated skin wound healing. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that sEV derived from the same tissues of different species might be loaded with similar therapeutic substance benefitting tissue repair and regeneration, and paved the way for future research aimed at xenogeneic sEV application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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13
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Castaño IM, Raftery RM, Chen G, Cavanagh B, Quinn B, Duffy GP, O'Brien FJ, Curtin CM. Rapid bone repair with the recruitment of CD206 +M2-like macrophages using non-viral scaffold-mediated miR-133a inhibition of host cells. Acta Biomater 2020; 109:267-279. [PMID: 32251781 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs offer vast therapeutic potential for multiple disciplines. From a bone perspective, inhibition of miR-133a may offer potential to enhance Runx2 activity and increase bone repair. This study aims to assess the therapeutic capability of antagomiR-133a delivery from collagen-nanohydroxyapatite (coll-nHA) scaffolds following cell-free implantation in rat calvarial defects (7 mm diameter). This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of successful in vivo antagomiR uptake in host cells of fully immunocompetent animals without distribution to other off-target tissues. Our results demonstrate the localized release of antagomiR-133a to the implant site at 1 week post-implantation with increased calcium deposits already evident in the antagomiR-133a loaded scaffolds at this early timepoint. This was followed by an approximate 2-fold increase in bone volume versus antagomiR-free scaffolds and a significant 10-fold increase over the empty defect controls, after just 4 weeks. An increase in host CD206+ cells suggests an accelerated pro-remodeling response by M2-like macrophages accompanying bone repair with this treatment. Overall, this non-viral scaffold-mediated antagomiR-133a delivery platform demonstrates capability to accelerate bone repair in vivo - without the addition of exogenous cells - and underlines the role of M2 macrophage-like cells in directing accelerated bone repair. Expanding the repertoire of this platform to deliver alternative miRNAs offers exciting possibilities for a variety of therapeutic indications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: microRNAs, small non-coding RNA molecules involved in gene regulation, may have potential as a new class of bone healing therapeutics as they can enhance the regenerative capacity of bone-forming cells. We developed a collagen-nanohydroxyapatite-microRNA scaffold system to investigate whether miR133a inhibition can enhance osteogenesis in rat MSCs and ultimately accelerate endogenous bone repair by host cells in vivo without pre-seeding cells prior to implantation. Overall, this off-the-shelf, non-viral scaffold-mediated antagomiR-133a delivery platform demonstrates capability to accelerate bone repair in vivo - without the requirement of exogenous cells - and highlights the role of CD206+M2 macrophage-like cells in guiding accelerated bone repair. Translating the repertoire of this platform to deliver alternative miRNAs offers exciting possibilities for a vast myriad of therapeutic indications.
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14
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Vlacil AK, Vollmeister E, Bertrams W, Schoesser F, Oberoi R, Schuett J, Schuett H, Huehn S, Bedenbender K, Schmeck BT, Schieffer B, Grote K. Identification of microRNAs involved in NOD-dependent induction of pro-inflammatory genes in pulmonary endothelial cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228764. [PMID: 32353008 PMCID: PMC7192443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins (NOD) 1 and 2 are mammalian cytosolic pattern recognition receptors sensing bacterial peptidoglycan fragments in order to initiate cytokine expression and pathogen host defense. Since endothelial cells are relevant cells for pathogen recognition at the blood/tissue interface, we here analyzed the role of NOD1- and NOD2-dependently expressed microRNAs (miRNAs, miR) for cytokine regulation in murine pulmonary endothelial cells. The induction of inflammatory cytokines in response to NOD1 and NOD2 was confirmed by increased expression of tumour necrosis factor (Tnf)-α and interleukin (Il)-6. MiRNA expression profiling revealed NOD1- and NOD2-dependently regulated miRNA candidates, of which miR-147-3p, miR-200a-3p, and miR-298-5p were subsequently validated in pulmonary endothelial cells isolated from Nod1/2-deficient mice. Analysis of the two down-regulated candidates miR-147-3p and miR-298-5p revealed predicted binding sites in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the murine Tnf-α and Il-6 mRNA. Consequently, transfection of endothelial cells with miRNA mimics decreased Tnf-α and Il-6 mRNA levels. Finally, a novel direct interaction of miR-298-5p with the 3' UTR of the Il-6 mRNA was uncovered by luciferase reporter assays. We here identified a mechanism of miRNA-down-regulation by NOD stimulation thereby enabling the induction of inflammatory gene expression in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evelyn Vollmeister
- Institute for Lung Research/iLung, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bertrams
- Institute for Lung Research/iLung, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schoesser
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Raghav Oberoi
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Schuett
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Schuett
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Huehn
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Bedenbender
- Institute for Lung Research/iLung, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernd T. Schmeck
- Institute for Lung Research/iLung, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Karsten Grote
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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15
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Ghoreishy A, Khosravi A, Ghaemmaghami A. Exosomal microRNA and stroke: A review. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16352-16361. [PMID: 31219202 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessels rupture or occlusion in brain results in stroke. Stroke is the major reason for mortality and dysfunction worldwide. Despite several attempts, there are no any approved therapeutic approaches for stroke subjects. The most neuroprotective agents showed the positive effects in preclinical reports, while there are no significant therapeutic impacts in the clinical trials. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs which involved in the modulation of a variety of cellular and molecular pathways. Given that deregulation of these molecules is related to initiation and progression of stroke. Exosomes are nano-carriers which are able to transfer different cargos such as miRNAs to recipient cells. Increasing evidence revealed that exosomal miRNAs are one of very important factors which are involved in the pathogenesis of stroke. Hence, more understanding about the role of exosomal miRNAs in stroke pathogenesis could contribute in discovering and developing new therapeutic approaches. Moreover, it has been proved the exosomal miRNAs could be used as noninvasive biomarkers in diagnosis and monitoring response to therapy in subjects with stroke. Herein for first time, we summarized different exosomal miRNAs involved in pathogenesis of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Ghoreishy
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Alireza Khosravi
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaemmaghami
- Department of Psychology, Behaviour, Genetics and Neurobiology Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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16
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González-Giraldo Y, Forero DA, Echeverria V, Garcia-Segura LM, Barreto GE. Tibolone attenuates inflammatory response by palmitic acid and preserves mitochondrial membrane potential in astrocytic cells through estrogen receptor beta. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 486:65-78. [PMID: 30822454 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA) induces several metabolic and molecular changes in astrocytes, and, it is involved in pathological conditions related to neurodegenerative diseases. Previously, we demonstrated that tibolone, a synthetic steroid with estrogenic, progestogenic and androgenic actions, protects cells from mitochondrial damage and morphological changes induced by PA. Here, we have evaluated which estrogen receptor is involved in protective actions of tibolone and analyzed whether tibolone reverses gene expression changes induced by PA. Tibolone actions on astrocytic cells were mimicked by agonists of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and β (ERβ), but the blockade of both ERs suggested a predominance of ERβ on mitochondria membrane potential. Expression analysis showed a significant effect of tibolone on genes associated with inflammation such as IL6, IL1B and miR155-3p. It is noteworthy that tibolone attenuated the increased expression of TERT, TERC and DNMT3B genes induced by palmitic acid. Our results suggest that tibolone has anti-inflammatory effects and can modulate pathways associated with DNA methylation and telomeric complex. However, future studies are needed to elucidate the role of epigenetic mechanisms and telomere-associated proteins on tibolone actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeimy González-Giraldo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Diego A Forero
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastian, Lientur 1457, 4080871, Concepción, Chile; Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA
| | - Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28002, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia.
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17
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Khadrawy O, Gebremedhn S, Salilew-Wondim D, Taqi MO, Neuhoff C, Tholen E, Hoelker M, Schellander K, Tesfaye D. Endogenous and Exogenous Modulation of Nrf2 Mediated Oxidative Stress Response in Bovine Granulosa Cells: Potential Implication for Ovarian Function. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1635. [PMID: 30986945 PMCID: PMC6480527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 is a redox sensitive transcription factor regulating the expression of antioxidant genes as defense mechanism against various stressors. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential role of noncoding miRNAs as endogenous and quercetin as exogenous regulators of Nrf2 pathway in bovine granulosa cells. For this cultured granulosa cells were used for modulation of miRNAs (miR-28, 153 and miR-708) targeting the bovine Nrf2 and supplementation of quercentin to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of the Nrf2 antioxidant system. Moreover, cultured cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide to induce oxidative stress in those cells. Our results showed that, oxidative stress activated the expression of Nrf2 as a defense mechanism, while suppressing the expression of those miRNAs. Overexpression of those miRNAs resulted in downregulation of Nrf2 expression resulted in higher ROS accumulation, reduced mitochondrial activity and cellular proliferation. Quercetin supplementation showed its protective role against oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂ by inducing the expression of antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, this study highlighted the involvement of miR-153, miR-28 and miR-708 in regulatory network of Nrf2 mediated antioxidant system in bovine granulosa cells function. Furthermore, quercetin at a low dose played a protective role in bovine granulosa cells against oxidative stress damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Khadrawy
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, 53175 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Samuel Gebremedhn
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, 53175 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Dessie Salilew-Wondim
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, 53175 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Mohamed Omar Taqi
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, 53175 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christiane Neuhoff
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, 53175 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, 53175 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Michael Hoelker
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, 53175 Bonn, Germany.
- Teaching and Research Station Frankenforst, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, 53639 Königswinter, Germany.
- Center of Integrated Dairy Research, University of Bonn, 53175 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Karl Schellander
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, 53175 Bonn, Germany.
- Center of Integrated Dairy Research, University of Bonn, 53175 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, 53175 Bonn, Germany.
- Center of Integrated Dairy Research, University of Bonn, 53175 Bonn, Germany.
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18
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HIV-1 infection increases microRNAs that inhibit Dicer1, HRB and HIV-EP2, thereby reducing viral replication. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211111. [PMID: 30682089 PMCID: PMC6347224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 is the causative agent of AIDS (Autoimmune Deficiency Syndrome). HIV-1 infection results in systemic CD4+ T cell depletion, thereby impairing cell-mediated immunity. MicroRNAs are short (~22 nucleotides long), endogenous single-stranded RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated regions (3' UTR) of mRNA transcripts. The relation between HIV-1 infection and human miRNA expression profile has been previously investigated, and studies have shown that the virus can alter miRNA expression and vice versa. Here, we broaden the understanding of the HIV-1 infection process, and show that miRNA-186, 210 and 222 are up-regulated following HIV-1 infection of human Sup-T1 cells. As a result, the host miRNA target genes: Dicer1 (Double-Stranded RNA-Specific Endoribonuclease), HRB (HIV-1 Rev-binding protein) and HIV-EP2 (Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I Enhancer Binding Protein 2), are down-regulated. Moreover, testing the miRNA-gene anti- correlation on the Jurkat and the HeLa-MAGI cell lines demonstrated the ability of the miRNAs to down-regulate viral expression as well. To conclude, we found that human miR-186, 210 and 222 directly regulate the human genes Dicer1, HRB and HIV-EP2, thus may be filling key roles during HIV-1 replication and miRNA biogenesis. This finding may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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19
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Mencía Castaño I, Curtin CM, Duffy GP, O'Brien FJ. Harnessing an Inhibitory Role of miR-16 in Osteogenesis by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Advanced Scaffold-Based Bone Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 25:24-33. [PMID: 29490603 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) therapeutics is increasingly being developed to either target bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis or as the basis for novel bone tissue engineering strategies. A number of miRNAs have been reported as potential osteo-therapeutics but no consensus has yet been established on the optimal target. miR-16 has been studied extensively in nonosteogenic functions and used as functionality reporter target in the development of nonviral miRNA delivery platforms. This study hypothesized that miR-16 may also play an inhibitory role in osteogenesis due to its ability to directly target Smad5 and AcvR2a. This study thus aimed to assess the potential of miR-16 inhibition to increase osteogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) using a previously established miRNA delivery platform composed of nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) particles as nonviral vectors in combination with collagen-nHA scaffolds designed specifically for bone repair. Initial results showed that antagomiR-16 delivery efficiently increased the relative levels of both putative targets and Runx2, the key transcription factor for osteogenesis, while also increasing osteocalcin levels. Furthermore, significant increases in mineral calcium deposition by hMSCs were found in both monolayer and most importantly in scaffold-based osteodifferentiation studies, ultimately demonstrating that miR-16 inhibition further enhances the therapeutic potential of a scaffold with known potential for bone repair applications and thus holds significant therapeutic potential as a novel bone tissue engineering strategy. Furthermore, we suggest that harnessing the additional functions known to miR-16 by incorporating either its enhancers or inhibitors to tissue-specific tailored scaffolds provides exciting opportunities for a diverse range of therapeutic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Mencía Castaño
- 1 Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,2 Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,3 Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caroline M Curtin
- 1 Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,2 Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,3 Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Garry P Duffy
- 1 Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,2 Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,3 Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland.,4 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- 1 Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,2 Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,3 Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Sison SL, Patitucci TN, Seminary ER, Villalon E, Lorson CL, Ebert AD. Astrocyte-produced miR-146a as a mediator of motor neuron loss in spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2018. [PMID: 28637335 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the leading genetic cause of infant mortality, is caused by the loss of the survival motor neuron-1 (SMN1) gene, which leads to motor neuron loss, muscle atrophy, respiratory distress, and death. Motor neurons exhibit the most profound loss, but the mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis are not fully understood. Recent evidence suggests that motor neuron extrinsic influences, such as those arising from astrocytes, contribute to motor neuron malfunction and loss. Here we investigated both loss-of-function and toxic gain-of-function astrocyte mechanisms that could play a role in SMA pathology. We had previously found that glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is reduced in SMA astrocytes. However, reduced GDNF expression does not play a major role in SMA pathology as viral-mediated GDNF re-expression did not improve astrocyte function or motor neuron loss. In contrast, we found that SMA astrocytes increased microRNA (miR) production and secretion compared to control astrocytes, suggesting potential toxic gain-of-function properties. Specifically, we found that miR-146a was significantly upregulated in SMA induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes and SMNΔ7 mouse spinal cord. Moreover, increased miR-146a was sufficient to induce motor neuron loss in vitro, whereas miR-146a inhibition prevented SMA astrocyte-induced motor neuron loss. Together, these data indicate that altered astrocyte production of miR-146a may be a contributing factor in astrocyte-mediated SMA pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Sison
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 53226 WI, USA
| | - Teresa N Patitucci
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 53226 WI, USA
| | - Emily R Seminary
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 53226 WI, USA
| | - Eric Villalon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211 MO, USA
| | - Christian L Lorson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211 MO, USA
| | - Allison D Ebert
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 53226 WI, USA
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21
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Smith JA, Braga A, Verheyen J, Basilico S, Bandiera S, Alfaro-Cervello C, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Shu D, Haque F, Guo P, Pluchino S. RNA Nanotherapeutics for the Amelioration of Astroglial Reactivity. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 10:103-121. [PMID: 29499926 PMCID: PMC5738063 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In response to injuries to the CNS, astrocytes enter a reactive state known as astrogliosis, which is believed to be deleterious in some contexts. Activated astrocytes overexpress intermediate filaments including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin (Vim), resulting in entangled cells that inhibit neurite growth and functional recovery. Reactive astrocytes also secrete inflammatory molecules such as Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), which perpetuate reactivity and adversely affect other cells of the CNS. Herein, we report proof-of-concept use of the packaging RNA (pRNA)-derived three-way junction (3WJ) motif as a platform for the delivery of siRNAs to downregulate such reactivity-associated genes. In vitro, siRNA-3WJs induced a significant knockdown of Gfap, Vim, and Lcn2 in a model of astroglial activation, with a concomitant reduction in protein expression. Knockdown of Lcn2 also led to reduced protein secretion from reactive astroglial cells, significantly impeding the perpetuation of inflammation in otherwise quiescent astrocytes. Intralesional injection of anti-Lcn2-3WJs in mice with contusion spinal cord injury led to knockdown of Lcn2 at mRNA and protein levels in vivo. Our results provide evidence for siRNA-3WJs as a promising platform for ameliorating astroglial reactivity, with significant potential for further functionalization and adaptation for therapeutic applications in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayden A Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Alice Braga
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Jeroen Verheyen
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Silvia Basilico
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara Bandiera
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Clara Alfaro-Cervello
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luca Peruzzotti-Jametti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dan Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Farzin Haque
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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22
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Liu CC, Cheng JT, Li TY, Tan PH. Integrated analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles in the rat spinal cord under inflammatory pain conditions. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2713-2728. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chien Cheng Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences; National Sun Yat-sen University; No. 70 Lienhai Rd. Gushan Dist. Kaohsiung City 80424 Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology; E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University; Kaohsiung City Taiwan
| | - Jiin Tsuey Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences; National Sun Yat-sen University; No. 70 Lienhai Rd. Gushan Dist. Kaohsiung City 80424 Taiwan
| | - Tien Yui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology; E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University; Kaohsiung City Taiwan
| | - Ping Heng Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology; Chi Mei Medical Center; No. 901 Zhonghua Rd. Yongkang Dist. Tainan City 71004 Taiwan
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23
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Neal M, Richardson JR. Epigenetic regulation of astrocyte function in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:432-443. [PMID: 29113750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms control various functions throughout the body, from cell fate determination in development to immune responses and inflammation. Neuroinflammation is one of the prime contributors to the initiation and progression of neurodegeneration in a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Because astrocytes are the largest population of glial cells, they represent an important regulator of CNS function, both in health and disease. Only recently have studies begun to identify the epigenetic mechanisms regulating astrocyte responses in neurodegenerative diseases. These epigenetic mechanisms, along with the epigenetic marks involved in astrocyte development, could elucidate novel pathways to potentially modulate astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. This review examines the known epigenetic mechanisms involved in regulation of astrocyte function, from development to neurodegeneration, and links these mechanisms to potential astrocyte-specific roles in neurodegenerative disease with a focus on potential opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Neal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44201, USA
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44201, USA.
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24
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Laganà A, Dirksen WP, Supsavhad W, Yilmaz AS, Ozer HG, Feller JD, Vala KA, Croce CM, Rosol TJ. Discovery and characterization of the feline miRNAome. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9263. [PMID: 28835705 PMCID: PMC5569061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10164-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The domestic cat is an important human companion animal that can also serve as a relevant model for ~250 genetic diseases, many metabolic and degenerative conditions, and forms of cancer that are analogous to human disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in many biological processes and their dysregulation has a significant impact on important cellular pathways and is linked to a variety of diseases. While many species already have a well-defined and characterized miRNAome, miRNAs have not been carefully studied in cats. As a result, there are no feline miRNAs present in the reference miRNA databases, diminishing the usefulness of medical research on spontaneous disease in cats for applicability to both feline and human disease. This study was undertaken to define and characterize the cat miRNAome in normal feline tissues. High-throughput sequencing was performed on 12 different normal cat tissues. 271 candidate feline miRNA precursors, encoding a total of 475 mature sequences, were identified, including several novel cat-specific miRNAs. Several analyses were performed to characterize the discovered miRNAs, including tissue distribution of the precursors and mature sequences, genomic distribution of miRNA genes and identification of clusters, and isomiR characterization. Many of the miRNAs were regulated in a tissue/organ-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Laganà
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Wessel P Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wachiraphan Supsavhad
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ayse Selen Yilmaz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hatice G Ozer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James D Feller
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kiersten A Vala
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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25
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Knockdown of miR-155 protects microglia against LPS-induced inflammatory injury via targeting RACK1: a novel research for intracranial infection. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2017; 14:17. [PMID: 28804270 PMCID: PMC5549339 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-017-0162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Intracranial infection, one of the complications of traumatic brain injury, is usually associated with inflammation. Several microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-155, have been reported to be critical modulators in peripheral and central nervous system inflammation. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-155 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory injury in mouse microglia BV2 cells. Results The expression level of miR-155 was significantly up-regulated after LPS stimulation in BV2 cells. LPS administration decreased BV2 cell viability, promoted apoptosis and increased the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines; while miR-155 knockdown rescued BV2 cell from LPS-induced injury. RACK1 was a directly target of miR-155. Interestingly, miR-155 knockdown did not attenuate LPS-induced inflammatory injury when RACK1 was knocked down. The mechanistic study indicated that miR-155 knockdown deactivated MAPK/NF-κB and mTOR signaling pathways under LPS-treated conditions. Conclusions Knockdown of miR-155 protected mouse microglia BV2 cells from LPS-induced inflammatory injury via targeting RACK1 and deactivating MAPK/NF-κB and mTOR signaling pathways.
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26
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MiR-140/BDNF axis regulates normal human astrocyte proliferation and LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-α secretion. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:899-905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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27
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Iftikhar H, Schultzhaus JN, Bennett CJ, Carney GE. The in vivo genetic toolkit for studying expression and functions of Drosophila melanogaster microRNAs. RNA Biol 2016; 14:179-187. [PMID: 28010188 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1272748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the initial reports that a group of small RNAs, now known as microRNAs (miRNAs), regulates gene expression without being translated into proteins, there has been an explosion of studies on these important expression modulators. Drosophila melanogaster has proven to be one of the most amenable animal models for investigations of miRNA biogenesis and gene regulatory activities. Here, we highlight the publicly available genetic tools and strategies for in vivo functional studies of miRNA activity in D. melanogaster. By coupling genetic approaches using available strain libraries with technologies for miRNA expression analysis and target and pathway prediction, researchers' ability to test functional activities of miRNAs in vivo is now greatly enhanced. We also comment on the tools that need to be developed to aid in comprehensive evaluation of Drosophila miRNA activities that impact traits of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Iftikhar
- a Department of Biology , Texas A&M University , TX , USA
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28
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Kim BK, Kim I, Lee AR, Yoo HI, Yoon SK. Mouse-specific up-regulation of Ccnb1 expression by miR-199a-5p in keratinocyte. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:1131-1140. [PMID: 27833853 PMCID: PMC5095150 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) are a class of single-stranded, small non-coding RNA that regulate various biological processes, including skin and hair cycle regulation, by modulating the expression of specific genes at the post-transcriptional level. Recently, several studies reported that miRNA directly or indirectly up-regulate target genes. Previously, we performed microarray analysis to identify the target genes of miR-199a-5p in a mouse skin keratinocyte cell line and detected more than 200 genes whose expression was significantly increased by miR-199a-5p overexpression (> 1.5-fold). In this study, we further investigated these genes and found that cyclin B1 (Ccnb1) expression was positively regulated by miR-199a-5p in keratinocyte. Moreover, Ccnb1 expression was inversely correlated with miR-199a-5p expression during the mouse hair cycle. Cell cycle analysis showed that the proportion of cells in S phase was slightly increased, while the proportion of cells in G2/M phase decreased by miR-199-5p. Using luciferase assay, we found that the 3' untranslated region of Ccnb1 was a direct target of miR-199a-5p. We also found that the regulation of Ccnb1 expression by miR-199a-5p is mouse specific. CCNB1 expression was not affected in the human and monkey cell lines. These results provide a new relationship between Ccnb1 and miR-199a-5p in both mouse keratinocyte and miRNA biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Medical Lifesciences The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea
| | - Injung Kim
- Department of Medical Lifesciences The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Lee
- Department of Medical Lifesciences The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea
| | - Hye-In Yoo
- Department of Medical Lifesciences The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea
| | - Sungjoo Kim Yoon
- Department of Medical Lifesciences The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea
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29
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Lafourcade C, Ramírez JP, Luarte A, Fernández A, Wyneken U. MiRNAs in Astrocyte-Derived Exosomes as Possible Mediators of Neuronal Plasticity. J Exp Neurosci 2016; 10:1-9. [PMID: 27547038 PMCID: PMC4978198 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s39916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes use gliotransmitters to modulate neuronal function and plasticity. However, the role of small extracellular vesicles, called exosomes, in astrocyte-to-neuron signaling is mostly unknown. Exosomes originate in multivesicular bodies of parent cells and are secreted by fusion of the multivesicular body limiting membrane with the plasma membrane. Their molecular cargo, consisting of RNA species, proteins, and lipids, is in part cell type and cell state specific. Among the RNA species transported by exosomes, microRNAs (miRNAs) are able to modify gene expression in recipient cells. Several miRNAs present in astrocytes are regulated under pathological conditions, and this may have far-reaching consequences if they are loaded in exosomes. We propose that astrocyte-derived miRNA-loaded exosomes, such as miR-26a, are dysregulated in several central nervous system diseases; thus potentially controlling neuronal morphology and synaptic transmission through validated and predicted targets. Unraveling the contribution of this new signaling mechanism to the maintenance and plasticity of neuronal networks will impact our understanding on the physiology and pathophysiology of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lafourcade
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Alejandro Luarte
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Anllely Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Ursula Wyneken
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
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30
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Sato A, Omi T, Yamamoto A, Satake A, Hiramoto A, Masutani M, Tanuma SI, Wataya Y, Kim HS. MicroRNA-351 Regulates Two-Types of Cell Death, Necrosis and Apoptosis, Induced by 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153130. [PMID: 27071035 PMCID: PMC4829180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-death can be necrosis and apoptosis. We are investigating the mechanisms regulating the cell death that occurs on treatment of mouse cancer cell-line FM3A with antitumor 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUdR): necrosis occurs for the original clone F28-7, and apoptosis for its variant F28-7-A. Here we report that a microRNA (miR-351) regulates the cell death pattern. The miR-351 is expressed strongly in F28-7-A but only weakly in F28-7. Induction of a higher expression of miR-351 in F28-7 by transfecting an miRNA mimic into F28-7 resulted in a change of the death mode; necrosis to apoptosis. Furthermore, transfection of an miR-351 inhibitor into F28-7-A resulted in the morphology change, apoptosis to necrosis, in this death-by-FUdR. Possible mechanism involving lamin B1 in this miR-351's regulatory action is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sato
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Genome Stability Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Chemotherapy and Clinical Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takuya Omi
- Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akito Satake
- Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akiko Hiramoto
- Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Masutani
- Division of Genome Stability Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Chemotherapy and Clinical Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Sei-ichi Tanuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Wataya
- Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hye-Sook Kim
- Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
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31
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Luo W, Fang M, Xu H, Xing H, Fu J, Nie Q. Comparison of miRNA expression profiles in pituitary-adrenal axis between Beagle and Chinese Field dogs after chronic stress exposure. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1682. [PMID: 26925320 PMCID: PMC4768678 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicoRNAs (miRNAs), usually as gene regulators, participate in various biological processes, including stress responses. The hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis) is an important pathway in regulating stress response. Although the mechanism that HPA axis regulates stress response has been basically revealed, the knowledge that miRNAs regulate stress response within HPA axis, still remains poor. The object of this study was to investigate the miRNAs in the pituitary and adrenal cortex that regulate chronic stress response with high-throughput sequencing. The pituitary and adrenal cortex of beagles and Chinese Field dogs (CFD) from a stress exposure group (including beagle pituitary 1 (BP1), CFD pituitary 1 (CFDP1), beagle adrenal cortex 1 (BAC1), CFD adrenal cortex 1 (CFDAC1)) and a control group (including beagle pituitary 2 (BP2), CFD pituitary 2 (CFDP2), beagle adrenal cortex 2 (BAC2), CFD adrenal cortex 2 (CFDAC2)), were selected for miRNA-seq comparisons. Comparisons, that were made in pituitary (including BP1 vs. BP2, CFDP1 vs. CFDP2, BP1 vs. CFDP1 and BP2 vs. CFDP2) and adrenal cortex (including BAC1 vs. BAC2, CFDAC1 vs. CFDAC2, BAC1 vs. CFDAC1 and BAC2 vs. CFDAC2), showed that a total of 39 and 18 common differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) (Total read counts > 1,000, Fold change > 2 & p-value < 0.001), that shared in at least two pituitary comparisons and at least two adrenal cortex comparisons, were detected separately. These identified DE-miRNAs were predicted for target genes, thus resulting in 3,959 and 4,010 target genes in pituitary and adrenal cortex, respectively. Further, 105 and 10 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (Fold change > 2 & p-value < 0.05) from those target genes in pituitary and adrenal cortex were obtained separately, in combination with our previous corresponding transcriptome study. Meanwhile, in line with that miRNAs usually negatively regulated their target genes and the dual luciferase reporter assay, we finally identified cfa-miR-205 might play an important role by upregulating MMD in pituitary and hippocampus, thus enhancing the immune response, under chronic stress exposure. Our results shed light on the miRNA expression profiles in the pituitary and adrenal cortex with and without chronic stress exposure, and provide a new insight into miR-205 with its feasible role in regulating chronic stress in the pituitary and hippocampus through targeting MMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Wens Food Corporation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meixia Fang
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiping Xu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Wens Food Corporation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huijie Xing
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangnan Fu
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Wens Food Corporation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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32
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Tiram G, Segal E, Krivitsky A, Shreberk-Hassidim R, Ferber S, Ofek P, Udagawa T, Edry L, Shomron N, Roniger M, Kerem B, Shaked Y, Aviel-Ronen S, Barshack I, Calderón M, Haag R, Satchi-Fainaro R. Identification of Dormancy-Associated MicroRNAs for the Design of Osteosarcoma-Targeted Dendritic Polyglycerol Nanopolyplexes. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2028-45. [PMID: 26815014 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The presence of dormant, microscopic cancerous lesions poses a major obstacle for the treatment of metastatic and recurrent cancers. While it is well-established that microRNAs play a major role in tumorigenesis, their involvement in tumor dormancy has yet to be fully elucidated. We established and comprehensively characterized pairs of dormant and fast-growing human osteosarcoma models. Using these pairs of mouse tumor models, we identified three novel regulators of osteosarcoma dormancy: miR-34a, miR-93, and miR-200c. This report shows that loss of these microRNAs occurs during the switch from dormant avascular into fast-growing angiogenic phenotype. We validated their downregulation in patients' tumor samples compared to normal bone, making them attractive candidates for osteosarcoma therapy. Successful delivery of miRNAs is a challenge; hence, we synthesized an aminated polyglycerol dendritic nanocarrier, dPG-NH2, and designed dPG-NH2-microRNA polyplexes to target cancer. Reconstitution of these microRNAs using dPG-NH2 polyplexes into Saos-2 and MG-63 cells, which generate fast-growing osteosarcomas, reduced the levels of their target genes, MET proto-oncogene, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, and moesin, critical to cancer angiogenesis and cancer cells' migration. We further demonstrate that these microRNAs attenuate the angiogenic capabilities of fast-growing osteosarcomas in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with each of these microRNAs using dPG-NH2 significantly prolonged the dormancy period of fast-growing osteosarcomas in vivo. Taken together, these findings suggest that nanocarrier-mediated delivery of microRNAs involved in osteosarcoma tumor-host interactions can induce a dormant-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galia Tiram
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ehud Segal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Adva Krivitsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Rony Shreberk-Hassidim
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shiran Ferber
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Paula Ofek
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Taturo Udagawa
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Liat Edry
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Maayan Roniger
- Department of Genetics, The Life Sciences Institute, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 91905, Israel
| | - Batsheva Kerem
- Department of Genetics, The Life Sciences Institute, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 91905, Israel
| | - Yuval Shaked
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Sarit Aviel-Ronen
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center , Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center , Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center , Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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33
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Wohl SG, Reh TA. miR-124-9-9* potentiates Ascl1-induced reprogramming of cultured Müller glia. Glia 2016; 64:743-62. [PMID: 26732729 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Müller glia of fish provide a source for neuronal regeneration after injury, but they do not do so in mammals. We previously showed that lentiviral gene transfer of the transcription factor Achaete-scute homolog 1 (Ascl1/Mash1) in murine Müller glia cultures resulted in partial reprogramming of the cells to retinal progenitors. The microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-124-9-9* facilitate neuronal reprogramming of fibroblasts, but their role in glia reprogramming has not been reported. The aim of this study was to test whether (1) lentiviral gene transfer of miR-124-9-9* can reprogram Müller glia into retinal neurons and (2) miR-124-9-9* can improve Ascl1-induced reprogramming. Primary Müller glia cultures were generated from postnatal day (P) 11/12 mice, transduced with lentiviral particles, i.e., miR-124-9-9*-RFP, nonsense-RFP, Ascl1-GFP, or GFP-control. Gene expression and immunofluorescence analyses were performed within 3 weeks after infection. 1. Overexpression of miR-124-9-9* induced the expression of the proneural factor Ascl1 and additional markers of neurons, including TUJ1 and MAP2. 2. When Ascl1 and miR-124-9-9* were combined, 50 to 60% of Müller glia underwent neuronal reprogramming, whereas Ascl1 alone results in a 30 to 35% reprogramming rate. 3. Analysis of the miR-124-9-9* treated glial cells showed a reduction in the level of Ctdsp1 and Ptbp1, indicating a critical role for the REST pathway in the repression of neuronal genes in Müller glia. Our data further suggest that miR-124-9-9* and the REST complex may play a role in regulating the reprogramming of Müller glia to progenitors that underlies retinal regeneration in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Andrew Reh
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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34
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Neuro-Epigenetic Indications of Acute Stress Response in Humans: The Case of MicroRNA-29c. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146236. [PMID: 26730965 PMCID: PMC4711717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress research has progressively become more integrative in nature, seeking to unfold crucial relations between the different phenotypic levels of stress manifestations. This study sought to unravel stress-induced variations in expression of human microRNAs sampled in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and further assess their relationship with neuronal and psychological indices. We obtained blood samples from 49 healthy male participants before and three hours after performing a social stress task, while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis was conducted for the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), a key area of stress regulation. Out of hundreds of microRNAs, a specific increase was identified in microRNA-29c (miR-29c) expression, corresponding with both the experience of sustained stress via self-reports, and alterations in vmPFC functional connectivity. Explicitly, miR-29c expression levels corresponded with both increased connectivity of the vmPFC with the anterior insula (aIns), and decreased connectivity of the vmPFC with the left dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Our findings further revealed that miR-29c mediates an indirect path linking enhanced vmPFC-aIns connectivity during stress with subsequent experiences of sustained stress. The correlative patterns of miR-29c expression and vmPFC FC, along with the mediating effects on subjective stress sustainment and the presumed localization of miR-29c in astrocytes, together point to an intriguing assumption; miR-29c may serve as a biomarker in the blood for stress-induced functional neural alterations reflecting regulatory processes. Such a multi-level model may hold the key for future personalized intervention in stress psychopathology.
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35
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Wang Y, Huang J, Ma Y, Tang G, Liu Y, Chen X, Zhang Z, Zeng L, Wang Y, Ouyang YB, Yang GY. MicroRNA-29b is a therapeutic target in cerebral ischemia associated with aquaporin 4. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:1977-84. [PMID: 26126866 PMCID: PMC4671118 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-29b (miR-29b) is involved in regulating ischemia process, but the molecular mechanism is unclear. In this work, we explored the function of miR-29b in cerebral ischemia. The level of miR-29b in white blood cells was evaluated in patients and mice after ischemic stroke. Brain infarct volume and National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) scores were analyzed to determine the relationship between miR-29b expression and the severity of stroke. The relationship of miR-29b and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) was further studied in mice. We found that miR-29b was significantly downregulated in stroke patients (P<0.05). MiR-29b level negatively associated with NIHSS scores (r=-0.349, P<0.01) and brain infarct volume (r=-0.321, P<0.05). In ischemic mice, miR-29b in the brain and blood were both downregulated (r=0.723, P<0.05). MiR-29b overexpression reduced infarct volume (49.50±6.55 versus 35.48±2.28 mm(3), P<0.05), edema (164±4% versus 108±4%, P<0.05), and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption compared with controls (15±9% versus 7±3%, P<0.05). Aquaporin-4 expression greatly decreased after miR-29b overexpression (28±7% versus 11±3%, P<0.05). Dual-luciferase reporter system showed that AQP-4 was the direct target of miR-29b (P<0.05). We concluded that miR-29b could potentially predict stroke outcomes as a novel circulating biomarker, and miR-29b overexpression reduced BBB disruption after ischemic stroke via downregulating AQP-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghui Tang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongting Wang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Bing Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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36
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Butler AA, Webb WM, Lubin FD. Regulatory RNAs and control of epigenetic mechanisms: expectations for cognition and cognitive dysfunction. Epigenomics 2015; 8:135-51. [PMID: 26366811 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse functions of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) can influence virtually every aspect of the transcriptional process including epigenetic regulation of genes. In the CNS, regulatory RNA networks and epigenetic mechanisms have broad relevance to gene transcription changes involved in long-term memory formation and cognition. Thus, it is becoming increasingly clear that multiple classes of ncRNAs impact neuronal development, neuroplasticity, and cognition. Currently, a large gap exists in our knowledge of how ncRNAs facilitate epigenetic processes, and how this phenomenon affects cognitive function. In this review, we discuss recent findings highlighting a provocative role for ncRNAs including lncRNAs and piRNAs in the control of epigenetic mechanisms involved in cognitive function. Furthermore, we discuss the putative roles for these ncRNAs in cognitive disorders such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson A Butler
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - William M Webb
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Farah D Lubin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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37
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Nguyen LH, Diao HJ, Chew SY. MicroRNAs and their potential therapeutic applications in neural tissue engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 88:53-66. [PMID: 25980934 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The inherent poor regeneration capacity of nerve tissues, especially in the central nervous system, poses a grand challenge for neural tissue engineering. After injuries, the local microenvironment often contains potent inhibitory molecules and glial scars, which do not actively support axonal regrowth. MicroRNAs can direct fate of neural cells and are tightly controlled during nerve development. Thus, RNA interference using microRNAs is a promising method to enhance nerve regeneration. Although the physiological roles of microRNA expression levels in various cellular activities or disease conditions have been extensively investigated, the translational use of these understanding for neural tissue engineering remains limited. This review aims to highlight essential microRNAs that participate in cellular behaviors within the adult nervous system and their potential therapeutic applications. In addition, possible delivery methods are also suggested for effective gene silencing in neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huong Nguyen
- Division of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Hua Jia Diao
- Division of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- Division of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
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38
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Majer A, Booth SA. Microdissection and transcriptional profiling: a window into the pathobiology of preclinical prion disease. Prion 2015; 8:67-74. [PMID: 24406429 DOI: 10.4161/pri.27729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases share common features on a sub-cellular level with many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer disease; the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease world-wide. The most obvious similarity is the accumulation of misfolded forms of the host proteins which forms aggregates in the brains of patients. Remarkably, one of the earliest pathological changes detected in degenerating brain tissue, well before clinical symptoms are observed, is synaptic dysfunction and loss. This pathology was recently shown to be reversible in early stages of mouse prion disease suggesting that synaptic regeneration and reestablishment of neuronal function is possible. Determination of the molecular events that underlie synapse degeneration and how this eventually results in neuronal loss is therefore a research priority that may contribute to the search for new therapeutic interventions for neurodegenerative disorders. Functional genomic studies using unbiased whole genome expression analyses represent one method that can provide insights into these perplexing processes. However, transcriptional profiles from brain tissues are representative of a heterogeneous mixture of cell types that effectively mask the expression of low abundance transcripts, or molecular changes that occur only in a small population of affected neurons. One method that was recently applied to address these challenges was laser capture microdissection which was used to effectively isolate the CA1 neuronal rich region of the hippocampus prior to RNA extraction. Profiling of both mRNAs and microRNAs revealed previously unidentified neuronal-specific genes and expression signatures that are relevant to understanding the pathophysiological processes involved in preclinical stages of prion disease. In this review we will highlight these molecular signatures and discuss their implications with respect to prion-induced neurodegeneration.
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39
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Xin H, Li Y, Chopp M. Exosomes/miRNAs as mediating cell-based therapy of stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:377. [PMID: 25426026 PMCID: PMC4226157 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy, e.g., multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) treatment, shows promise for the treatment of various diseases. The strong paracrine capacity of these cells and not their differentiation capacity, is the principal mechanism of therapeutic action. MSCs robustly release exosomes, membrane vesicles (~30–100 nm) originally derived in endosomes as intraluminal vesicles, which contain various molecular constituents including proteins and RNAs from maternal cells. Contained among these constituents, are small non-coding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs), which play a key role in mediating biological function due to their prominent role in gene regulation. The release as well as the content of the MSC generated exosomes are modified by environmental conditions. Via exosomes, MSCs transfer their therapeutic factors, especially miRNAs, to recipient cells, and therein alter gene expression and thereby promote therapeutic response. The present review focuses on the paracrine mechanism of MSC exosomes, and the regulation and transfer of exosome content, especially the packaging and transfer of miRNAs which enhance tissue repair and functional recovery. Perspectives on the developing role of MSC mediated transfer of exosomes as a therapeutic approach will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Xin
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital Detroit, MI, USA ; Department of Physics, Oakland University Rochester, MI, USA
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40
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Identifying the role of microRNAs in spinal cord injury. Neurol Sci 2014; 35:1663-71. [PMID: 25231644 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-1940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is medically and socioeconomically debilitating, and effective treatments are lacking. The elucidation of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SCI is essential for developing effective treatments for SCI. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules (18-24 nucleotides long) that regulate gene expression by interacting with specific target sequences. Recent studies suggest that miRNAs can act as post-transcriptional regulators to inhibit mRNA translation. Bioinformatic analyses indicate that the altered expression of miRNAs has an effect on critical processes of SCI physiopathology, including astrogliosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and neuroplasticity. Therefore, the study of miRNAs may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of SCI. Current studies have also provided potential therapeutic clinical applications that involve targeting mRNAs to treat SCI. This review summarizes the biogenesis and function of miRNAs and the roles of miRNAs in SCI. We also discuss the potential therapeutic applications of miRNA-based interventions for SCI.
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41
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Liu X, He F, Pang R, Zhao D, Qiu W, Shan K, Zhang J, Lu Y, Li Y, Wang Y. Interleukin-17 (IL-17)-induced microRNA 873 (miR-873) contributes to the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by targeting A20 ubiquitin-editing enzyme. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28971-86. [PMID: 25183005 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.577429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 17 (IL-17), produced mainly by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, is increasingly recognized as a key regulator in various autoimmune diseases, including human multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Although several microRNAs (miRNAs) with aberrant expression have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of MS and EAE, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of abnormal miRNA expression in astrocytes upon IL-17 stimulation remain unclear. In the present study, we detected the changes of miRNA expression profiles both in the brain tissue of EAE mice and in cultured mouse primary astrocytes stimulated with IL-17 and identified miR-873 as one of the co-up-regulated miRNAs in vivo and in vitro. The overexpression of miR-873, demonstrated by targeting A20 (TNFα-induced protein 3, TNFAIP3), remarkably reduced the A20 level and promoted NF-κB activation in vivo and in vitro as well as increasing the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (i.e. IL-6, TNF-α, MIP-2, and MCP-1/5). More importantly, silencing the endogenous miR-873 or A20 gene with lentiviral vector of miR-873 sponge (LV-miR-873 sponge) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) of A20 (LV-A20 shRNA) in vivo significantly lessened or aggravated inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) of EAE mice, respectively. Taken together, these findings indicate that miR-873 induced by IL-17 stimulation promotes the production of inflammatory cytokines and aggravates the pathological process of EAE mice through the A20/NF-κB pathway, which provides a new insight into the mechanism of inflammatory damage in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Liu
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Fengxia He
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Rongrong Pang
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wen Qiu
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Kai Shan
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yanlai Lu
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yan Li
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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42
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Hong P, Jiang M, Li H. Functional requirement of dicer1 and miR-17-5p in reactive astrocyte proliferation after spinal cord injury in the mouse. Glia 2014; 62:2044-60. [PMID: 25043492 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis after spinal cord injury (SCI) contributes to glial scar formation that impedes axonal regeneration. The mechanisms underlying reactive astrocyte proliferation upon injury remain partially understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as a major class of post-transcriptional gene expression regulators that participate in many biological processes. However, miRNA function during reactive astrogliosis, particularly in injury-induced astrocyte proliferation, has not been carefully examined. In this study, we conditionally deleted Dicer1 gene encoding an enzyme that is required for mature miRNA generation, and examined the proliferative behavior of Dicer1-null reactive astrocytes in the transected mouse spinal cord. We found that injury-induced proliferation is blocked in Dicer1-null astrocytes. Previous reports indicate that miR-17-5p family members are upregulated during SCI. We therefore tested functional contribution of miR-17-5p to the proliferation of reactive astrocytes in vitro. Our results showed that a synthetic miR-17-5p mimic is able to rescue the proliferation defect of Dicer1-null astrocytes, while an antisense inhibitor of miR-17-5p blocked lipopolysaccharide-induced astrocytic proliferation. Similar results are also observed in leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-treated astroglial cultures suggesting that miR-17-5p particularly modulates reactive astrocyte proliferation initiated by LIF presumably via the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-17-5p leads to decrease of several cell cycle regulators in cultured astroglia and astrocytoma cell line C6. Our conclusion is that miRNAs are indispensable to the injury-induced reactive astrocyte proliferation, and that miR-17-5p may be a major player regulating this pathological process by affecting cell cycle machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Hong
- West China Developmental & Stem Cell Institute, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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43
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Guedes JR, Custódia CM, Silva RJ, de Almeida LP, Pedroso de Lima MC, Cardoso AL. Early miR-155 upregulation contributes to neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease triple transgenic mouse model. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6286-301. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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44
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Xin H, Li Y, Liu Z, Wang X, Shang X, Cui Y, Zhang ZG, Chopp M. MiR-133b promotes neural plasticity and functional recovery after treatment of stroke with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in rats via transfer of exosome-enriched extracellular particles. Stem Cells 2013; 31:2737-46. [PMID: 23630198 PMCID: PMC3788061 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To test, in vivo, the hypothesis that exosomes from multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) mediate microRNA 133b (miR-133b) transfer which promotes neurological recovery from stroke, we used knockin and knockdown technologies to upregulate or downregulate the miR-133b level in MSCs (miR-133b(+) MSCs or miR-133b(-) MSCs) and their corresponding exosomes, respectively. Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and were treated with naïve MSCs, miR-133b(+) MSCs, or miR-133b(-) MSC at 1 day after MCAo. Compared with controls, rats receiving naïve MSC treatment significantly improved functional recovery and exhibited increased axonal plasticity and neurite remodeling in the ischemic boundary zone (IBZ) at day 14 after MCAo. The outcomes were significantly enhanced with miR-133b(+) MSC treatment, and were significantly decreased with miR-133b(-) MSC treatment, compared to naïve MSC treatment. The miR-133b level in exosomes collected from the cerebral spinal fluid was significantly increased after miR-133b(+) MSC treatment, and was significantly decreased after miR-133b(-) MSC treatment at day 14 after MCAo, compared to naïve MSC treatment. Tagging exosomes with green fluorescent protein demonstrated that exosomes-enriched extracellular particles were released from MSCs and transferred to adjacent astrocytes and neurons. The expression of selective targets for miR-133b, connective tissue growth factor and ras homolog gene family member A, was significantly decreased in the IBZ after miR-133b(+) MSC treatment, while their expression remained at similar elevated levels after miR-133b(-) MSC treatment, compared to naïve MSC treatment. Collectively, our data suggest that exosomes from MSCs mediate the miR-133b transfer to astrocytes and neurons, which regulate gene expression, subsequently benefit neurite remodeling and functional recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Xin
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Zhongwu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Xinli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Xia Shang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Yisheng Cui
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202
| | | | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309
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45
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Serafini G, Pompili M, Hansen KF, Obrietan K, Dwivedi Y, Shomron N, Girardi P. The involvement of microRNAs in major depression, suicidal behavior, and related disorders: a focus on miR-185 and miR-491-3p. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 34:17-30. [PMID: 24213247 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-9997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorders are common and disabling conditions associated with significant psychosocial impairment and suicide risk. At least 3-4 % of all depressive individuals die by suicide. Evidence suggests that small non-coding RNAs, in particular microRNAs (miRNAs), play a critical role in major affective disorders as well as suicide. We performed a detailed review of the current literature on miRNAs and their targets in major depression and related disorders as well as suicidal behavior, with a specific focus on miR-185 and miR-491-3p, which have been suggested to participate in the pathogenesis of major depression and/or suicide. miRNAs play a fundamental role in the development of the brain. Several miRNAs are reported to influence neuronal and circuit formation by negatively regulating gene expression. Global miRNA reduced expression was found in the prefrontal cortex of depressed suicide completers when compared to that of nonpsychiatric controls who died of other causes. One particular miRNA, miR-185, was reported to regulate TrkB-T1, which has been associated with suicidal behavior upon truncation. Furthermore, cAMP response element-binding protein-brain-derived neurotrophic factor pathways may regulate, through miRNAs, the homeostasis of neural and synaptic pathways playing a crucial role in major depression. miRNAs have gained attention as key players involved in nervous system development, physiology, and disease. Further evidence is needed to clarify the exact role that miRNAs play in major depression and related disorders and suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Serafini
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1037, 00189, Rome, Italy,
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46
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Effects of MRP8, LPS, and lenalidomide on the expressions of TNF-α , brain-enriched, and inflammation-related microRNAs in the primary astrocyte culture. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:208309. [PMID: 24170980 PMCID: PMC3793319 DOI: 10.1155/2013/208309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are now recognized as a heterogeneous class of cells with many important and diverse functions in healthy and diseased central nervous system (CNS). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs which may have key roles in astrocytes activation in response to various stimuli. We performed quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) to detect changes in the expressions of brain-enriched miRNAs (124, 134, 9, 132, and 138), inflammation-related miRNAs (146a, 21, 181a, 221, and 222), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α ) in the rat primary astrocyte cultures after stimulation with myeloid-related protein 8 (MRP8) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Further, we inhibited the expression of TNF- α in the astrocytes by using TNF- α inhibitor (lenalidomide) and tested for the first time the effect of this inhibition on the expressions of the same tested miRNAs. Stimulation of the astrocytes with MRP8 or LPS leads to significant upregulation of miRNAs (124, 134, 9, 132, 146a, 21, 181a, 221, and 222), while miRNA-138 was downregulated. TNF- α inhibition with lenalidomide leads to opposite expressions of the tested miRNAs. These miRNAs may play an important role in activation of the astrocytes and may be a novel target for cell-specific therapeutic interventions in multiple CNS diseases.
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47
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Mor E, Shomron N. Species-specific microRNA regulation influences phenotypic variability: perspectives on species-specific microRNA regulation. Bioessays 2013; 35:881-8. [PMID: 23864354 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201200157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic divergence among animal species may be due in part to species-specific (SS) regulation of gene expression by small, non-coding regulatory RNAs termed "microRNAs". This phenomenon can be modulated by several variables. First, microRNA genes vary by their level of conservation, many of them being SS, or unique to a particular evolutionary lineage. Second, microRNA expression levels vary spatially and temporally in different species. Lastly, while microRNAs bind the 3'UTR of target genes in order to silence their expression, the binding sites themselves are often non-conserved. The variability of the miRNA-target paradigm between different species is thus multifactorial, and this paradigm has only just started to gain attention from researchers in various fields. Here we present and discuss recent findings regarding the characteristics and implications of SS microRNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Mor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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48
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Mor E, Kano SI, Colantuoni C, Sawa A, Navon R, Shomron N. MicroRNA-382 expression is elevated in the olfactory neuroepithelium of schizophrenia patients. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 55:1-10. [PMID: 23542694 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a common neuropsychiatric disorder that has a strong genetic component. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, as indicated by their dysregulation in post-mortem brain tissues and in peripheral blood of schizophrenia patients. The olfactory epithelium (OE) is one of the few accessible neural tissues that contain neurons and their stem cells. Previous studies showed that OE-derived tissues and cells can be safely and easily collected from live human subjects and may provide a "window" into neuronal processes involved in disorders such as schizophrenia, while avoiding the limitations of using postmortem brain samples or non-neuronal tissues. In this study, we found that the brain-enriched miR-382 (miR-382-5p) expression was elevated in in vitro cultured olfactory cells, in a cohort of seven schizophrenia patients compared with seven non-schizophrenic controls. MiR-382 elevation was further confirmed in laser-capture microdissected OE neuronal tissue (LCM-OE), enriched for mature olfactory neurons, in a cohort of 18 schizophrenia patients and 18 non-schizophrenic controls. In sharp contrast, miR-382 expression could not be detected in lymphoblastoid cell lines generated from schizophrenic or non-schizophrenic individuals. We further found that miR-382 directly regulates the expression of two genes, FGFR1 and SPRY4, which are downregulated in both the cultured olfactory cells and LCM-OE derived from schizophrenia patients. These genes are involved in the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway, while impairment of this pathway may underlie abnormal brain development and function associated with schizophrenia. Our data suggest that miR-382 elevation detected in patients' OE-derived samples might serve to strengthen current biomarker studies in schizophrenia. This study also illustrates the potential utility of OE-derived tissues and cells as surrogate samples for the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Mor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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49
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Souza DG, Bellaver B, Souza DO, Quincozes-Santos A. Characterization of adult rat astrocyte cultures. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60282. [PMID: 23555943 PMCID: PMC3610681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, a major class of glial cells, regulate neurotransmitter systems, synaptic processing, ion homeostasis, antioxidant defenses and energy metabolism. Astrocyte cultures derived from rodent brains have been extensively used to characterize astrocytes' biochemical, pharmacological and morphological properties. The aims of this study were to develop a protocol for routine preparation and to characterize a primary astrocyte culture from the brains of adult (90 days old) Wistar rats. For this we used enzymatic digestion (trypsin and papain) and mechanical dissociation. Medium exchange occurred from 24 h after obtaining a culture and after, twice a week up to reach the confluence (around the 4th to 5th week). Under basal conditions, adult astrocytes presented a polygonal to fusiform and flat morphology. Furthermore, approximately 95% the cells were positive for the main glial markers, including GFAP, glutamate transporters, glutamine synthetase and S100B. Moreover, the astrocytes were able to take up glucose and glutamate. Adult astrocytes were also able to respond to acute H2O2 exposure, which led to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and a decrease in glutamate uptake. The antioxidant compound resveratrol was able to protect adult astrocytes from oxidative damage. A response of adult astrocytes to an inflammatory stimulus with LPS was also observed. Changes in the actin cytoskeleton were induced in stimulated astrocytes, most likely by a mechanism dependent on MAPK and Rho A signaling pathways. Taken together, these findings indicate that the culture model described in this study exhibits the biochemical and physiological properties of astrocytes and may be useful for elucidating the mechanisms related to the adult brain, exploring changes between neonatal and adult astrocytes, as well as investigating compounds involved in cytotoxicity and cytoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Guerini Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Barbagallo D, Piro S, Condorelli AG, Mascali LG, Urbano F, Parrinello N, Monello A, Statello L, Ragusa M, Rabuazzo AM, Di Pietro C, Purrello F, Purrello M. miR-296-3p, miR-298-5p and their downstream networks are causally involved in the higher resistance of mammalian pancreatic α cells to cytokine-induced apoptosis as compared to β cells. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:62. [PMID: 23360399 PMCID: PMC3571888 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular bases of mammalian pancreatic α cells higher resistance than β to proinflammatory cytokines are very poorly defined. MicroRNAs are master regulators of cell networks, but only scanty data are available on their transcriptome in these cells and its alterations in diabetes mellitus. Results Through high-throughput real-time PCR, we analyzed the steady state microRNA transcriptome of murine pancreatic α (αTC1-6) and β (βTC1) cells: their comparison demonstrated significant differences. We also characterized the alterations of αTC1-6 cells microRNA transcriptome after treatment with proinflammatory cytokines. We focused our study on two microRNAs, miR-296-3p and miR-298-5p, which were: (1) specifically expressed at steady state in αTC1-6, but not in βTC1 or INS-1 cells; (2) significantly downregulated in αTC1-6 cells after treatment with cytokines in comparison to untreated controls. These microRNAs share more targets than expected by chance and were co-expressed in αTC1-6 during a 6–48 h time course treatment with cytokines. The genes encoding them are physically clustered in the murine and human genome. By exploiting specific microRNA mimics, we demonstrated that experimental upregulation of miR-296-3p and miR-298-5p raised the propensity to apoptosis of transfected and cytokine-treated αTC1-6 cells with respect to αTC1-6 cells, treated with cytokines after transfection with scramble molecules. Both microRNAs control the expression of IGF1Rβ, its downstream targets phospho-IRS-1 and phospho-ERK, and TNFα. Our computational analysis suggests that MAFB (a transcription factor exclusively expressed in pancreatic α cells within adult rodent islets of Langerhans) controls the expression of miR-296-3p and miR-298-5p. Conclusions Altogether, high-throughput microRNA profiling, functional analysis with synthetic mimics and molecular characterization of modulated pathways strongly suggest that specific downregulation of miR-296-3p and miR-298-5p, coupled to upregulation of their targets as IGF1Rβ and TNFα, is a major determinant of mammalian pancreatic α cells resistance to apoptosis induction by cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barbagallo
- Dipartimento Gian Filippo Ingrassia, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Genetica, Biologia Computazionale, Università di Catania, Catania, EU 95123, Italy
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