1
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Troisi R, Sica F. Structural overview of DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes in their interaction with proteins. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2024; 87:102846. [PMID: 38848656 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2024.102846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Since the discovery of G-quadruplex (G4) participation in vital cellular processes, the regulation of the interaction of naturally occurring G4s with the relative target proteins has emerged as a promising approach for therapeutic development. Additionally, a synthetic strategy has produced several oligonucleotide aptamers, embodying a G4 module, which exhibit relevant biological activity by binding selectively to a target protein. In this context, the G4-protein structures available in the Protein Data Bank represent a valuable molecular view of the different G4 topologies involved in protein interaction. Interestingly, recent results have showed the co-existence of G4s with other structural domains such as duplexes. Overall, these findings allow a better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate intricate biological functions and suggest new design for innovative medical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romualdo Troisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy. https://twitter.com/TroRom
| | - Filomena Sica
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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2
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Vianney YM, Jana J, Weisz K. A pH-Responsive Topological Switch Based on a DNA Quadruplex-Duplex Hybrid. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400722. [PMID: 38497675 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
A guanine-rich oligonucleotide based on a human telomeric sequence but with the first three-nucleotide intervening stretch replaced by a putative 15-nucleotide hairpin-forming sequence shows a pH-dependent folding into different quadruplex-duplex hybrids in a potassium containing buffer. At slightly acidic pH, the quadruplex domain adopts a chair-type conformation. Upon increasing the pH, a transition with a midpoint close to neutral pH to a major and minor (3+1) hybrid topology with either a coaxially stacked or orthogonally oriented duplex stem-loop occurs. NMR-derived high-resolution structures reveal that an adenine protonation is prerequisite for the formation of a non-canonical base quartet, capping the outer G-tetrad at the quadruplex-duplex interface and stabilizing the antiparallel chair conformation in an acidic environment. Being directly associated with interactions at the quadruplex-duplex interface, this unique pH-dependent topological transition is fully reversible. Coupled with a conformation-sensitive optical readout demonstrated as a proof of concept using the fluorescent dye thiazole orange, the present quadruplex-duplex hybrid architecture represents a potentially valuable pH-sensing system responsive in a physiological pH range of 7±1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoanes Maria Vianney
- Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jagannath Jana
- Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus Weisz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
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3
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Farag M, Mouawad L. Comprehensive analysis of intramolecular G-quadruplex structures: furthering the understanding of their formalism. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:3522-3546. [PMID: 38512075 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4) are helical structures found in guanine-rich DNA or RNA sequences. Generally, their formalism is based on a few dozen structures, which can produce some inconsistencies or incompleteness. Using the website ASC-G4, we analyzed the structures of 333 intramolecular G4s, of all types, which allowed us to clarify some key concepts and present new information. To each of the eight distinguishable topologies corresponds a groove-width signature and a predominant glycosidic configuration (gc) pattern governed by the directions of the strands. The relative orientations of the stacking guanines within the strands, which we quantified and related to their vertical gc successions, determine the twist and tilt of the helices. The latter impact the minimum groove widths, which represent the space available for lateral ligand binding. The G4 four helices have similar twists, even when these twists are irregular, meaning that they have various angles along the strands. Despite its importance, the vertical gc succession has no strict one-to-one relationship with the topology, which explains the discrepancy between some topologies and their corresponding circular dichroism spectra. This study allowed us to introduce the new concept of platypus G4s, which are structures with properties corresponding to several topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Farag
- Chemistry and Modeling for the Biology of Cancer, CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Université Paris-Saclay, CS 90030, 91401 ORSAYCedex, France
| | - Liliane Mouawad
- Chemistry and Modeling for the Biology of Cancer, CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Université Paris-Saclay, CS 90030, 91401 ORSAYCedex, France
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4
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Litberg TJ, Horowitz S. Roles of Nucleic Acids in Protein Folding, Aggregation, and Disease. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:809-823. [PMID: 38477936 PMCID: PMC11149768 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The role of nucleic acids in protein folding and aggregation is an area of continued research, with relevance to understanding both basic biological processes and disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the trajectory of research on both nucleic acids as chaperones and their roles in several protein misfolding diseases. We highlight key questions that remain on the biophysical and biochemical specifics of how nucleic acids have large effects on multiple proteins' folding and aggregation behavior and how this pertains to multiple protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore J. Litberg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Scott Horowitz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208, USA
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5
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Ji C, Wei J, Zhang L, Hou X, Tan J, Yuan Q, Tan W. Aptamer-Protein Interactions: From Regulation to Biomolecular Detection. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12471-12506. [PMID: 37931070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Serving as the basis of cell life, interactions between nucleic acids and proteins play essential roles in fundamental cellular processes. Aptamers are unique single-stranded oligonucleotides generated by in vitro evolution methods, possessing the ability to interact with proteins specifically. Altering the structure of aptamers will largely modulate their interactions with proteins and further affect related cellular behaviors. Recently, with the in-depth research of aptamer-protein interactions, the analytical assays based on their interactions have been widely developed and become a powerful tool for biomolecular detection. There are some insightful reviews on aptamers applied in protein detection, while few systematic discussions are from the perspective of regulating aptamer-protein interactions. Herein, we comprehensively introduce the methods for regulating aptamer-protein interactions and elaborate on the detection techniques for analyzing aptamer-protein interactions. Additionally, this review provides a broad summary of analytical assays based on the regulation of aptamer-protein interactions for detecting biomolecules. Finally, we present our perspectives regarding the opportunities and challenges of analytical assays for biological analysis, aiming to provide guidance for disease mechanism research and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailing Ji
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Junyuan Wei
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xinru Hou
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
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6
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Troisi R, Balasco N, Autiero I, Vitagliano L, Sica F. Structural Insights into Protein-Aptamer Recognitions Emerged from Experimental and Computational Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16318. [PMID: 38003510 PMCID: PMC10671752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are synthetic nucleic acids that are developed to target with high affinity and specificity chemical entities ranging from single ions to macromolecules and present a wide range of chemical and physical properties. Their ability to selectively bind proteins has made these compounds very attractive and versatile tools, in both basic and applied sciences, to such an extent that they are considered an appealing alternative to antibodies. Here, by exhaustively surveying the content of the Protein Data Bank (PDB), we review the structural aspects of the protein-aptamer recognition process. As a result of three decades of structural studies, we identified 144 PDB entries containing atomic-level information on protein-aptamer complexes. Interestingly, we found a remarkable increase in the number of determined structures in the last two years as a consequence of the effective application of the cryo-electron microscopy technique to these systems. In the present paper, particular attention is devoted to the articulated architectures that protein-aptamer complexes may exhibit. Moreover, the molecular mechanism of the binding process was analyzed by collecting all available information on the structural transitions that aptamers undergo, from their protein-unbound to the protein-bound state. The contribution of computational approaches in this area is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romualdo Troisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Nicole Balasco
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ida Autiero
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luigi Vitagliano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Filomena Sica
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
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7
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Epigenetic Changes in Prion and Prion-like Neurodegenerative Diseases: Recent Advances, Potential as Biomarkers, and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012609. [PMID: 36293477 PMCID: PMC9604074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) caused by a conformational conversion of the native cellular prion protein (PrPC) to an abnormal, infectious isoform called PrPSc. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases are also known as prion-like diseases because they share common features with prion diseases, including protein misfolding and aggregation, as well as the spread of these misfolded proteins into different brain regions. Increasing evidence proposes the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms, namely DNA methylation, post-translational modifications of histones, and microRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation in the pathogenesis of prion-like diseases. Little is known about the role of epigenetic modifications in prion diseases, but recent findings also point to a potential regulatory role of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathology of these diseases. This review highlights recent findings on epigenetic modifications in TSEs and prion-like diseases and discusses the potential role of such mechanisms in disease pathology and their use as potential biomarkers.
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8
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Mollasalehi N, Francois-Moutal L, Porciani D, Burke DH, Khanna M. Aptamers Targeting Hallmark Proteins of Neurodegeneration. Nucleic Acid Ther 2022; 32:235-250. [PMID: 35452303 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2021.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a progressive deterioration of neural structures leading to cognitive or motor impairment of the affected patient. There is still no effective therapy for any of the most common neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. Although NDs exhibit distinct clinical characteristics, many are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins or peptide fragments in the brain and/or spinal cord. The presence of similar inclusion bodies in patients with diverse NDs provides a rationale for developing therapies directed at overlapping disease mechanisms. A novel targeting strategy involves the use of aptamers for therapeutic development. Aptamers are short nucleic acid ligands able to recognize molecular targets with high specificity and high affinity. Despite the fact that several academic groups have shown that aptamers have the potential to be used in therapeutic and diagnostic applications, their clinical translation is still limited. In this study, we describe aptamers that have been developed against proteins relevant to NDs, including prion protein and amyloid beta (Aβ), cell surface receptors and other cytoplasmic proteins. This review also describes advances in the application of these aptamers in imaging, protein detection, and protein quantification, and it provides insights about their accelerated clinical use for disease diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Mollasalehi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Liberty Francois-Moutal
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - David Porciani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,MU Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Donald H Burke
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,MU Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - May Khanna
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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9
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Teruya K, Doh-Ura K. Therapeutic development of polymers for prion disease. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 392:349-365. [PMID: 35307792 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases, also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, are caused by the accumulation of abnormal isoforms of the prion protein (scrapie isoform of the prion protein, PrPSc) in the central nervous system. Many compounds with anti-prion activities have been found using in silico screening, in vitro models, persistently prion-infected cell models, and prion-infected rodent models. Some of these compounds include several types of polymers. Although the inhibition or removal of PrPSc production is the main target of therapy, the unique features of prions, namely protein aggregation and assembly accompanied by steric structural transformation, may require different strategies for the development of anti-prion drugs than those for conventional therapeutics targeting enzyme inhibition, agonist ligands, or modulation of signaling. In this paper, we first overview the history of the application of polymers to prion disease research. Next, we describe the characteristics of each type of polymer with anti-prion activity. Finally, we discuss the common features of these polymers. Although drug delivery of these polymers to the brain is a challenge, they are useful not only as leads for therapeutic drugs but also as tools to explore the structure of PrPSc and are indispensable for prion disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Teruya
- Department of Neurochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Katsumi Doh-Ura
- Department of Neurochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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10
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Maiti AK. Identification of G-quadruplex DNA sequences in SARS-CoV2. Immunogenetics 2022; 74:455-463. [PMID: 35303126 PMCID: PMC8931451 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-022-01257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
G-quadruplex structure or Putative Quadruplex Sequences (PQSs) are abundant in human, microbial, DNA, or RNA viral genomes. These sequences in RNA viral genome play critical roles in integration into human genome as LTR (Long Terminal Repeat), genome replication, chromatin rearrangements, gene regulation, antigen variation (Av), and virulence. Here, we investigated whether the genome of SARS-CoV2, an RNA virus, contained such potential G-quadruplex structures. Using bioinformatic tools, we searched for such sequences and found thirty-seven (forward strand (twenty-five) + reverse strand (Twelve)) QGRSs (Quadruplex forming G-Rich Sequences)/PQSs in SARS-CoV2 genome. These sequences are dispersed mainly in the upstream of SARS-CoV2 genes. We discuss whether existing PQS/QGRS ligands could inhibit the SARS-CoV2 replication and gene transcription as has been observed in other RNA viruses. Further experimental validation would determine the role of these G-quadruplex sequences in SARS-CoV2 genome function to survive in the host cells and identify therapeutic agents to destabilize these PQSs/QGRSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Maiti
- Mydnavar, Department of Genetics and Genomics, 2645 Somerset Boulevard, Troy, MI, 48084, USA.
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11
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Abstract
Copper ions bind to biomolecules (e.g., peptides and proteins) playing an essential role in many biological and physiological pathways in the human body. The resulting complexes may contribute to the initiation of neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and bacterial and viral diseases, or act as therapeutics. Some compounds can chemically damage biological macromolecules and initiate the development of pathogenic states. Conversely, a number of these compounds may have antibacterial, antiviral, and even anticancer properties. One of the most significant current discussions in Cu biochemistry relates to the mechanisms of the positive and negative actions of Cu ions based on the generation of reactive oxygen species, including radicals that can interact with DNA molecules. This review aims to analyze various peptide–copper complexes and the mechanism of their action.
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12
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Murakami K, Izuo N, Bitan G. Aptamers targeting amyloidogenic proteins and their emerging role in neurodegenerative diseases. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101478. [PMID: 34896392 PMCID: PMC8728582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are oligonucleotides selected from large pools of random sequences based on their affinity for bioactive molecules and are used in similar ways to antibodies. Aptamers provide several advantages over antibodies, including their small size, facile, large-scale chemical synthesis, high stability, and low immunogenicity. Amyloidogenic proteins, whose aggregation is relevant to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and prion diseases, are among the most challenging targets for aptamer development due to their conformational instability and heterogeneity, the same characteristics that make drug development against amyloidogenic proteins difficult. Recently, chemical tethering of aptagens (equivalent to antigens) and advances in high-throughput sequencing-based analysis have been used to overcome some of these challenges. In addition, internalization technologies using fusion to cellular receptors and extracellular vesicles have facilitated central nervous system (CNS) aptamer delivery. In view of the development of these techniques and resources, here we review antiamyloid aptamers, highlighting preclinical application to CNS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Naotaka Izuo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Brain Research Institute, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Xu J, Huang H, Zhou X. G-Quadruplexes in Neurobiology and Virology: Functional Roles and Potential Therapeutic Approaches. JACS AU 2021; 1:2146-2161. [PMID: 34977886 PMCID: PMC8715485 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A G-quadruplex (G4) is a four-stranded nucleic acid secondary structure maintained by Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds established between four guanines. Experimental studies and bioinformatics predictions support the hypothesis that these structures are involved in different cellular functions associated with both DNA and RNA processes. An increasing number of diseases have been shown to be associated with abnormal G4 regulation. Here, we describe the existence of G4 and then discuss G4-related pathogenic mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases and the viral life cycle. Furthermore, we focus on the role of G4s in the design of antiviral therapy and neuropharmacology, including G4 ligands, G4-based aptamers, G4-related proteins, and CRISPR-based sequence editing, along with a discussion of limitations and insights into the prospects of this unusual nucleic acid secondary structure in therapeutics. Finally, we highlight progress and challenges in this field and the potential G4-related research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglei Xu
- The
Institute of Advanced Studies, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry
of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan
University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- The
Institute of Advanced Studies, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry
of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan
University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Email to X.Z.:
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14
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Isothiocyanate l-argininato copper(II) complexes - Solution structure, DNA interaction, anticancer and antimicrobial activity. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 348:109636. [PMID: 34506769 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
l-argininato copper(II) complexes have been intensively investigated in a variety of diseases due to their therapeutic potential. Here we report the results of comprehensive structural studies (ESI-MS, NIR-VIS-UV, EPR) on the complexes arising in aqueous solutions of two ternary copper(II) complexes with molecular formulas from crystal structures, [Cu(l-Arg)2(NCS)](NCS)·H2O (1) and [Cu(l-Arg)(NCS)2] (2) (l-Arg = l-arginine). Reference systems, the ternary Cu(II)/l-Arg/NCS- as well as binary Cu(II)/NCS- and Cu(II)/l-Arg, were studied in parallel in aqueous solutions by pH-potentiometric titration, EPR and VIS spectroscopy to characterize stability, structures and speciation of the formed species over the broad pH range. Comparative analysis of the obtained results showed that at a pH close to 7.0 mononuclear [Cu(l-Arg)2(NCS)]+ is the only species in water solution of 1, while equilibrium between [Cu(l-Arg)(SCN)]+ and binary [Cu(l-Arg)2]2+ was detected in water solution of 2. According to DNA binding studies, the [Cu(l-Arg)2(NCS)]+, [Cu(l-Arg)(SCN)]+ and [Cu(l-Arg)2]2+ species could be considered as strong minor groove binding agents causing, in the presence of H2O2, the involvement of ROS in plasmid damage. The human carcinoma cells (A549 cell line) were generally significantly more sensitive to cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect of compounds 1 and 2 than human normal cells. The studied compounds shown antimicrobial activity against bacteria belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family.
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15
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Abstract
Introduction: Prion diseases are a class of rare and fatal neurodegenerative diseases for which no cure is currently available. They are characterized by conformational conversion of cellular prion protein (PrPC) into the disease-associated 'scrapie' isoform (PrPSc). Under an etiological point of view, prion diseases can be divided into acquired, genetic, and idiopathic form, the latter of which are the most frequent.Areas covered: Therapeutic approaches targeting prion diseases are based on the use of chemical and nature-based compounds, targeting either PrPC or PrPSc or other putative player in pathogenic mechanism. Other proposed anti-prion treatments include passive and active immunization strategies, peptides, aptamers, and PrPC-directed RNA interference techniques. The treatment efficacy has been mainly assessed in cell lines or animal models of the disease testing their ability to reduce prion accumulation.Expert opinion: The assessed strategies focussing on the identification of an efficient anti-prion therapy faced various issues, which go from permeation of the blood brain barrier to immunological tolerance of the host. Indeed, the use of combinatory approaches, which could boost a synergistic anti-prion effect and lower the potential side effects of single treatments and may represent an extreme powerful and feasible way to tackle prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zattoni
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Legname
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
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16
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Banco MT, Ferré-D'Amaré AR. The emerging structural complexity of G-quadruplex RNAs. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 27:390-402. [PMID: 33483368 PMCID: PMC7962482 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078238.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are four-stranded nucleic acid structures that arise from the stacking of G-quartets, cyclic arrangements of four guanines engaged in Hoogsteen base-pairing. Until recently, most RNA G4 structures were thought to conform to a sequence pattern in which guanines stacking within the G4 would also be contiguous in sequence (e.g., four successive guanine trinucleotide tracts separated by loop nucleotides). Such a sequence restriction, and the stereochemical constraints inherent to RNA (arising, in particular, from the presence of the 2'-OH), dictate relatively simple RNA G4 structures. Recent crystallographic and solution NMR structure determinations of a number of in vitro selected RNA aptamers have revealed RNA G4 structures of unprecedented complexity. Structures of the Sc1 aptamer that binds an RGG peptide from the Fragile-X mental retardation protein, various fluorescence turn-on aptamers (Corn, Mango, and Spinach), and the spiegelmer that binds the complement protein C5a, in particular, reveal complexity hitherto unsuspected in RNA G4s, including nucleotides in syn conformation, locally inverted strand polarity, and nucleotide quartets that are not all-G. Common to these new structures, the sequences folding into G4s do not conform to the requirement that guanine stacks arise from consecutive (contiguous in sequence) nucleotides. This review highlights how emancipation from this constraint drastically expands the structural possibilities of RNA G-quadruplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Banco
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8012, USA
| | - Adrian R Ferré-D'Amaré
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8012, USA
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17
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Amato J, Mashima T, Kamatari YO, Kuwata K, Novellino E, Randazzo A, Giancola C, Katahira M, Pagano B. Improved Anti-Prion Nucleic Acid Aptamers by Incorporation of Chemical Modifications. Nucleic Acid Ther 2020; 30:414-421. [PMID: 32991255 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2020.0899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers are innovative and promising candidates to block the hallmark event in the prion diseases, that is the conversion of prion protein (PrP) into an abnormal form; however, they need chemical modifications for effective therapeutic activity. This communication reports on the development and biophysical characterization of a small library of chemically modified G-quadruplex-forming aptamers targeting the cellular PrP and the evaluation of their anti-prion activity. The results show the possibility of enhancing anti-prion aptamer properties through straightforward modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussara Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Tsukasa Mashima
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan.,Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Kuwata
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Randazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Giancola
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Masato Katahira
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan.,Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Bruno Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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18
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Development and structural determination of an anti-PrP C aptamer that blocks pathological conformational conversion of prion protein. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4934. [PMID: 32188933 PMCID: PMC7080826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases comprise a fatal neuropathy caused by the conversion of prion protein from a cellular (PrPC) to a pathological (PrPSc) isoform. Previously, we obtained an RNA aptamer, r(GGAGGAGGAGGA) (R12), that folds into a unique G-quadruplex. The R12 homodimer binds to a PrPC molecule, inhibiting PrPC-to-PrPSc conversion. Here, we developed a new RNA aptamer, r(GGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGA) (R24), where two R12s are tandemly connected. The 50% inhibitory concentration for the formation of PrPSc (IC50) of R24 in scrapie-infected cell lines was ca. 100 nM, i.e., much lower than that of R12 by two orders. Except for some antibodies, R24 exhibited the lowest recorded IC50 and the highest anti-prion activity. We also developed a related aptamer, r(GGAGGAGGAGGA-A-GGAGGAGGAGGA) (R12-A-R12), IC50 being ca. 500 nM. The structure of a single R12-A-R12 molecule determined by NMR resembled that of the R12 homodimer. The quadruplex structure of either R24 or R12-A-R12 is unimolecular, and therefore the structure could be stably formed when they are administered to a prion-infected cell culture. This may be the reason they can exert high anti-prion activity.
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19
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Ma Y, Ma J. Immunotherapy against Prion Disease. Pathogens 2020; 9:E216. [PMID: 32183309 PMCID: PMC7157205 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The term "prion disease" encompasses a group of neurodegenerative diseases affecting both humans and animals. Currently, there is no effective therapy and all forms of prion disease are invariably fatal. Because of (a) the outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans; (b) the heated debate about the prion hypothesis; and (c) the availability of a natural prion disease in rodents, the understanding of the pathogenic process in prion disease is much more advanced compared to that of other neurodegenerative disorders, which inspired many attempts to develop therapeutic strategies against these fatal diseases. In this review, we focus on immunotherapy against prion disease. We explain our rationale for immunotherapy as a plausible therapeutic choice, review previous trials using either active or passive immunization, and discuss potential strategies for overcoming the hurdles in developing a successful immunotherapy. We propose that immunotherapy is a plausible and practical therapeutic strategy and advocate more studies in this area to develop effective measures to control and treat these devastating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiyan Ma
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Avenue N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
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20
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Holec SA, Block AJ, Bartz JC. The role of prion strain diversity in the development of successful therapeutic treatments. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 175:77-119. [PMID: 32958242 PMCID: PMC8939712 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prions are a self-propagating misfolded conformation of a cellular protein. Prions are found in several eukaryotic organisms with mammalian prion diseases encompassing a wide range of disorders. The first recognized prion disease, the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), affect several species including humans. Alzheimer's disease, synucleinopathies, and tauopathies share a similar mechanism of self-propagation of the prion form of the disease-specific protein reminiscent of the infection process of TSEs. Strain diversity in prion disease is characterized by differences in the phenotype of disease that is hypothesized to be encoded by strain-specific conformations of the prion form of the disease-specific protein. Prion therapeutics that target the prion form of the disease-specific protein can lead to the emergence of drug-resistant strains of prions, consistent with the hypothesis that prion strains exist as a dynamic mixture of a dominant strain in combination with minor substrains. To overcome this obstacle, therapies that reduce or eliminate the template of conversion are efficacious, may reverse neuropathology, and do not result in the emergence of drug resistance. Recent advancements in preclinical diagnosis of prion infection may allow for a combinational approach that treats the prion form and the precursor protein to effectively treat prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A.M. Holec
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences and Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Alyssa J. Block
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jason C. Bartz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States,Corresponding author:
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21
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Zhang Y, Ren B, Zhang D, Liu Y, Zhang M, Zhao C, Zheng J. Design principles and fundamental understanding of biosensors for amyloid-β detection. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6179-6196. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00344a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aβ as biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) drives the significant research efforts for developing different biosensors with different sensing strategies, materials, and mechanisms for Aβ detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxian Zhang
- Department of Chemical
- Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Ohio
- USA
| | - Baiping Ren
- Department of Chemical
- Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Ohio
- USA
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemical
- Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Ohio
- USA
| | - Yonglan Liu
- Department of Chemical
- Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Ohio
- USA
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- Department of Chemical
- Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Ohio
- USA
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Alabama
- USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical
- Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Ohio
- USA
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22
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Roxo C, Kotkowiak W, Pasternak A. G-Quadruplex-Forming Aptamers-Characteristics, Applications, and Perspectives. Molecules 2019; 24:E3781. [PMID: 31640176 PMCID: PMC6832456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes constitute a unique class of nucleic acid structures formed by G-rich oligonucleotides of DNA- or RNA-type. Depending on their chemical nature, loops length, and localization in the sequence or structure molecularity, G-quadruplexes are highly polymorphic structures showing various folding topologies. They may be formed in the human genome where they are believed to play a pivotal role in the regulation of multiple biological processes such as replication, transcription, and translation. Thus, natural G-quadruplex structures became prospective targets for disease treatment. The fast development of systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technologies provided a number of G-rich aptamers revealing the potential of G-quadruplex structures as a promising molecular tool targeted toward various biologically important ligands. Because of their high stability, increased cellular uptake, ease of chemical modification, minor production costs, and convenient storage, G-rich aptamers became interesting therapeutic and diagnostic alternatives to antibodies. In this review, we describe the recent advances in the development of G-quadruplex based aptamers by focusing on the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of this exceptional class of nucleic acid structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Roxo
- Department of Nucleic Acids Bioengineering, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Weronika Kotkowiak
- Department of Nucleic Acids Bioengineering, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Anna Pasternak
- Department of Nucleic Acids Bioengineering, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
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23
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Iida M, Mashima T, Yamaoki Y, So M, Nagata T, Katahira M. The anti-prion RNA aptamer R12 disrupts the Alzheimer's disease-related complex between prion and amyloid β. FEBS J 2019; 286:2355-2365. [PMID: 30916478 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The neurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with the accumulation of misfolded proteins. Some recent studies suggested that amyloid beta (Aβ) forms soluble oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils; the Aβ oligomers being more toxic than the fibrils. Surprisingly, these Aβ oligomers reportedly bind to prion protein (PrP), which acts as a receptor on the cell membrane, possibly resulting in AD. Thus, it is thought that compounds that can disrupt the formation of the prion-Aβ oligomer complex may prevent AD. Here, we demonstrate that an anti-prion RNA aptamer, R12, inhibits the interaction of PrP with Aβ. Fluorescence assaying involving thioflavin S showed that wild-type PrP, a mutant of the N-terminal half of PrP, and even fragment peptides of PrP effectively inhibit Aβ fibrillization. Fluorescence anisotropy revealed that R12 is capable of binding to PrP, resulting in dissociation of PrP with Aβ. Consequently, the Aβ that dissociated from PrP was shown to polymerize into fibrils. These spectroscopic observations were visualized by transmission electron microscopy. This is the first demonstration of the PrP-Aβ interaction being disrupted by a nucleic acid. This ability of R12 highlights its therapeutic potential for treating AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Iida
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Mashima
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yudai Yamaoki
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatomo So
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagata
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masato Katahira
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
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24
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Development and characterization of novel 2'-F-RNA aptamers specific to human total and glycated hemoglobins. Anal Biochem 2019; 570:43-50. [PMID: 30742800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are short DNA and RNA fragments which bind their molecular targets with affinity and specificity comparable to those of antibodies. Here, we describe the selection of novel 2'-F-RNA aptamers against total human hemoglobin or its glycated form HbA1c. After SELEX and high-throughput sequencing of the enriched libraries, affinities and specificities of candidate aptamers and their truncated variants were examined by the solid-phase bioluminescent assay. As a result, we identified aptamers specific to both hemoglobins or only glycated HbA1c. The developed 2'-F-RNA aptamers have shown their applicability for detection of total and glycated hemoglobin in one sample.
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25
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Honda R, Yamaguchi KI, Elhelaly AE, Fuji M, Kuwata K. Poly-L-histidine inhibits prion propagation in a prion-infected cell line. Prion 2018; 12:226-233. [PMID: 30074430 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2018.1505395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a group of lethal neurodegenerative diseases involving the structural conversion of cellular prion protein (PrPC) into the pathogenic isoform (PrPSc) for which no effective treatment is currently available. Previous studies have implicated that a polymeric molecule with a repeating unit, such as pentosane polysulfate and polyamidoamide dendrimers, exhibits a potent anti-prion activity, suggesting that poly-(amino acid)s could be a candidate molecule for inhibiting prion propagation. Here, by screening a series of poly-(amino acid)s in a prion-infected neuroblastoma cell line (GTFK), we identified poly-L-His as a novel anti-prion compound with an IC50 value of 1.8 µg/mL (0.18 µM). This potent anti-prion activity was specific to a high-molecular-weight poly-L-His and absent in monomeric histidine or low-molecular-weight poly-L-His. Solution NMR data indicated that poly-L-His directly binds to the loop region connecting Helix 2 and Helix 3 of PrPC and sterically blocks the structural conversion toward PrPSc. Poly-L-His, however, did not inhibit prion propagation in a prion-infected mouse when administered intraperitoneally, suggesting that the penetration of blood-brain barrier and/or the chemical stability of this polypeptide must be addressed before its application in vivo. Taken together, this study revealed the potential use of poly-L-His as a novel treatment against TSEs. (203 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Honda
- a United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
| | | | - Abdelazim Elsayed Elhelaly
- a United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Fuji
- a United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
| | - Kazuo Kuwata
- a United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan.,c Department of Gene and Development , Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
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26
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Bera A, Biring S. A quantitative characterization of interaction between prion protein with nucleic acids. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 14:114-124. [PMID: 29872743 PMCID: PMC5986701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Binding of recombinant prion protein with small highly structured RNAs, prokaryotic and eukaryotic prion protein mRNA pseudoknots, tRNA and polyA has been studied by the change in fluorescence anisotropy of the intrinsic tryptophan groups of the protein. The affinities of these RNAs to the prion protein and the number of sites where the protein binds to the nucleic acids do not vary appreciably although the RNAs have very different compositions and structures. The binding parameters do not depend upon pH of the solution and show a poor co-operativity. The reactants form larger nucleoprotein complexes at pH 5 compared to that at neutral pH. The electrostatic force between the protein and nucleic acids dominates the binding interaction at neutral pH. In contrast, nucleic acid interaction with the incipient nonpolar groups exposed from the structured region of the prion protein dominates the reaction at pH 5. Prion protein of a particular species forms larger complexes with prion protein mRNA pseudoknots of the same species. The structure of the pseudoknots and not their base sequences probably dominates their interaction with prion protein. Possibilities of the conversion of the prion protein to its infectious form in the cytoplasm by nucleic acids have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alakesh Bera
- Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Sajal Biring
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming-Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Rd., Taishan Dist., New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
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27
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Bouvier-Müller A, Ducongé F. Nucleic acid aptamers for neurodegenerative diseases. Biochimie 2017; 145:73-83. [PMID: 29104136 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The increased incidence of neurodegenerative diseases represents a huge challenge for societies. These diseases are characterized by neuronal death and include several different pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Most of these pathologies are often associated with the aggregation of misfolded proteins, such as amyloid-ß, tau, α-synuclein, huntingtin and prion proteins. However, the precise mechanisms that lead to neuronal dysfunction and death in these diseases remain poorly understood. Nucleic acid aptamers represent a new class of ligands that could be useful to better understand these diseases and develop better diagnosis and therapy. In this review, several of these aptamers are presented as well as their applications for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Bouvier-Müller
- CEA, Fundamental Research Division (DRF), Institute of Biology François Jacob (Jacob), Molecular Imaging Research Center, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS CEA UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Paris-Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Frédéric Ducongé
- CEA, Fundamental Research Division (DRF), Institute of Biology François Jacob (Jacob), Molecular Imaging Research Center, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS CEA UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Paris-Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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28
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Usui K, Okada A, Sakashita S, Shimooka M, Tsuruoka T, Nakano SI, Miyoshi D, Mashima T, Katahira M, Hamada Y. DNA G-Wire Formation Using an Artificial Peptide is Controlled by Protease Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:E1991. [PMID: 29144399 PMCID: PMC6150327 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a switching system for guanine nanowire (G-wire) formation by external signals is important for nanobiotechnological applications. Here, we demonstrate a DNA nanostructural switch (G-wire <--> particles) using a designed peptide and a protease. The peptide consists of a PNA sequence for inducing DNA to form DNA-PNA hybrid G-quadruplex structures, and a protease substrate sequence acting as a switching module that is dependent on the activity of a particular protease. Micro-scale analyses via TEM and AFM showed that G-rich DNA alone forms G-wires in the presence of Ca2+, and that the peptide disrupted this formation, resulting in the formation of particles. The addition of the protease and digestion of the peptide regenerated the G-wires. Macro-scale analyses by DLS, zeta potential, CD, and gel filtration were in agreement with the microscopic observations. These results imply that the secondary structure change (DNA G-quadruplex <--> DNA/PNA hybrid structure) induces a change in the well-formed nanostructure (G-wire <--> particles). Our findings demonstrate a control system for forming DNA G-wire structures dependent on protease activity using designed peptides. Such systems hold promise for regulating the formation of nanowire for various applications, including electronic circuits for use in nanobiotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Usui
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Arisa Okada
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Shungo Sakashita
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Shimooka
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Tsuruoka
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Shu-Ichi Nakano
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Miyoshi
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Tsukasa Mashima
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Masato Katahira
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Hamada
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
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29
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McRae EKS, Booy EP, Padilla-Meier GP, McKenna SA. On Characterizing the Interactions between Proteins and Guanine Quadruplex Structures of Nucleic Acids. J Nucleic Acids 2017; 2017:9675348. [PMID: 29250441 PMCID: PMC5700478 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9675348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanine quadruplexes (G4s) are four-stranded secondary structures of nucleic acids which are stabilized by noncanonical hydrogen bonding systems between the nitrogenous bases as well as extensive base stacking, or pi-pi, interactions. Formation of these structures in either genomic DNA or cellular RNA has the potential to affect cell biology in many facets including telomere maintenance, transcription, alternate splicing, and translation. Consequently, G4s have become therapeutic targets and several small molecule compounds have been developed which can bind such structures, yet little is known about how G4s interact with their native protein binding partners. This review focuses on the recognition of G4s by proteins and small peptides, comparing the modes of recognition that have thus far been observed. Emphasis will be placed on the information that has been gained through high-resolution crystallographic and NMR structures of G4/peptide complexes as well as biochemical investigations of binding specificity. By understanding the molecular features that lead to specificity of G4 binding by native proteins, we will be better equipped to target protein/G4 interactions for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan K. S. McRae
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Evan P. Booy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Sean A. McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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30
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Sakamoto T, Ennifar E, Nakamura Y. Thermodynamic study of aptamers binding to their target proteins. Biochimie 2017; 145:91-97. [PMID: 29054802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are nucleic acids that bind to a target molecule with high affinity and specificity, which are selected from systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). Aptamers feature high affinity and specificity to their target molecule and a large structural diversity; biophysical tools, together with structural studies, are essential to reveal the mechanism of aptamers recognition. Furthermore, understanding the mechanism of action would also contribute to their development for therapeutic applications. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is a fast and robust method to study the physical basis of molecular interactions. In a single experiment, it provides all thermodynamic parameters of a molecular interaction, including dissociation constant, Kd; Gibbs free energy change, ΔG; enthalpy change, ΔH; entropy change, ΔS; and stoichiometry, N. The development of modern microcalorimeters significantly contributed to the expansion of the ITC use in biological systems. Therefore, ITC has been applied to the development of small therapeutic agents that bind to target proteins and is increasingly being used to study aptamer-target protein interactions. This review focuses on thermodynamic approaches for understanding the molecular principles of aptamer-target interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiichi Sakamoto
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino-shi, Chiba 275-0016, Japan.
| | - Eric Ennifar
- Structure and Dynamics of Biomolecular Machines, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 15 Rue René Descartes, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yoshikazu Nakamura
- RIBOMIC Inc., 3-16-13 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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31
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Kwok CK, Merrick CJ. G-Quadruplexes: Prediction, Characterization, and Biological Application. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:997-1013. [PMID: 28755976 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Guanine (G)-rich sequences in nucleic acids can assemble into G-quadruplex structures that involve G-quartets linked by loop nucleotides. The structural and topological diversity of G-quadruplexes have attracted great attention for decades. Recent methodological advances have advanced the identification and characterization of G-quadruplexes in vivo as well as in vitro, and at a much higher resolution and throughput, which has greatly expanded our current understanding of G-quadruplex structure and function. Accumulating knowledge about the structural properties of G-quadruplexes has helped to design and develop a repertoire of molecular and chemical tools for biological applications. This review highlights how these exciting methods and findings have opened new doors to investigate the potential functions and applications of G-quadruplexes in basic and applied biosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Kit Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Catherine J Merrick
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK.
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32
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Yamaoki Y, Nagata T, Mashima T, Katahira M. Development of an RNA aptamer that acquires binding capacity against HIV-1 Tat protein via G-quadruplex formation in response to potassium ions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:7056-7059. [PMID: 28620664 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03312e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the development of K+-responsive RNA aptamers, we proposed a new general strategy that makes use of a G-quadruplex formation in response to K+. This is the first report of developing an RNA aptamer that demonstrates ON/OFF switching of its target-binding activity by sensing the addition/removal of K+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Yamaoki
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagata
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan and Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Tsukasa Mashima
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan and Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Masato Katahira
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan and Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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Unraveling Prion Protein Interactions with Aptamers and Other PrP-Binding Nucleic Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051023. [PMID: 28513534 PMCID: PMC5454936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a group of neurodegenerative disorders that affect humans and other mammals. The etiologic agents common to these diseases are misfolded conformations of the prion protein (PrP). The molecular mechanisms that trigger the structural conversion of the normal cellular PrP (PrPC) into the pathogenic conformer (PrPSc) are still poorly understood. It is proposed that a molecular cofactor would act as a catalyst, lowering the activation energy of the conversion process, therefore favoring the transition of PrPC to PrPSc. Several in vitro studies have described physical interactions between PrP and different classes of molecules, which might play a role in either PrP physiology or pathology. Among these molecules, nucleic acids (NAs) are highlighted as potential PrP molecular partners. In this context, the SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) methodology has proven extremely valuable to investigate PrP–NA interactions, due to its ability to select small nucleic acids, also termed aptamers, that bind PrP with high affinity and specificity. Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that can be folded into a wide range of structures (from harpins to G-quadruplexes). They are selected from a nucleic acid pool containing a large number (1014–1016) of random sequences of the same size (~20–100 bases). Aptamers stand out because of their potential ability to bind with different affinities to distinct conformations of the same protein target. Therefore, the identification of high-affinity and selective PrP ligands may aid the development of new therapies and diagnostic tools for TSEs. This review will focus on the selection of aptamers targeted against either full-length or truncated forms of PrP, discussing the implications that result from interactions of PrP with NAs, and their potential advances in the studies of prions. We will also provide a critical evaluation, assuming the advantages and drawbacks of the SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) technique in the general field of amyloidogenic proteins.
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Murakami K, Zhao J, Yamasaki K, Miyagishi M. Biochemical and structural features of extracellular vesicle-binding RNA aptamers. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:615-626. [PMID: 28584632 PMCID: PMC5449965 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are particles in mammalian body fluids that have attracted considerable attention as biomarkers for various diseases. In the present study, the authors isolated RNA aptamers with an affinity for extracellular vesicles from two library pools that encoded randomized sequences of different lengths. After the several rounds of selection, two conserved motifs are identified in the sequences that are obtained by next-generation sequencing. Most of the sequences were predicted to adopt a secondary structure that consisted of a non-conserved stem structure and a conserved loop sequence. Two minimal similar sequences are synthesized and confirmed the ability of these sequences to bind to extracellular vesicles. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and melting temperature analysis demonstrated that the aptamers were able to form a G-quadruplex structure in their loop regions and these structures were stabilized by potassium ions. Consistent with these structural data, the affinity of each aptamer for extracellular vesicles was dependent on potassium ions. The aptamers that were identified may be useful molecular tools for the development of diagnostic methods that utilize body fluids, such as blood, saliva and urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Murakami
- Molecular Composite Medicine Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Jing Zhao
- Molecular Composite Medicine Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamasaki
- Molecular Composite Medicine Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Makoto Miyagishi
- Molecular Composite Medicine Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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Platella C, Riccardi C, Montesarchio D, Roviello GN, Musumeci D. G-quadruplex-based aptamers against protein targets in therapy and diagnostics. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1429-1447. [PMID: 27865995 PMCID: PMC7117017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules identified to recognize with high affinity specific targets including proteins, small molecules, ions, whole cells and even entire organisms, such as viruses or bacteria. They can be identified from combinatorial libraries of DNA or RNA oligonucleotides by SELEX technology, an in vitro iterative selection procedure consisting of binding (capture), partitioning and amplification steps. Remarkably, many of the aptamers selected against biologically relevant protein targets are G-rich sequences that can fold into stable G-quadruplex (G4) structures. Aiming at disseminating novel inspiring ideas within the scientific community in the field of G4-structures, the emphasis of this review is placed on: 1) recent advancements in SELEX technology for the efficient and rapid identification of new candidate aptamers (introduction of microfluidic systems and next generation sequencing); 2) recurrence of G4 structures in aptamers selected by SELEX against biologically relevant protein targets; 3) discovery of several G4-forming motifs in important regulatory regions of the human or viral genome bound by endogenous proteins, which per se can result into potential aptamers; 4) an updated overview of G4-based aptamers with therapeutic potential and 5) a discussion on the most attractive G4-based aptamers for diagnostic applications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "G-quadruplex" Guest Editor: Dr. Concetta Giancola and Dr. Daniela Montesarchio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Platella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, CNR, Napoli, Italy.
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Amano R, Aoki K, Miyakawa S, Nakamura Y, Kozu T, Kawai G, Sakamoto T. NMR monitoring of the SELEX process to confirm enrichment of structured RNA. Sci Rep 2017; 7:283. [PMID: 28325909 PMCID: PMC5428055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA aptamers are RNA molecules that bind to a target molecule with high affinity and specificity using uniquely-folded tertiary structures. RNA aptamers are selected from an RNA pool typically comprising up to 1015 different sequences generated by iterative steps of selection and amplification known as Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX). Over several rounds of SELEX, the diversity of the RNA pool decreases and the aptamers are enriched. Hence, monitoring of the enrichment of these RNA pools is critical for the successful selection of aptamers, and several methods for monitoring them have been developed. In this study, we measured one-dimensional imino proton NMR spectra of RNA pools during SELEX. The spectrum of the initial RNA pool indicates that the RNAs adopt tertiary structures. The structural diversity of the RNA pools was shown to depend highly on the design of the primer-binding sequence. Furthermore, we demonstrate that enrichment of RNA aptamers can be monitored using NMR. The RNA pools can be recovered from the NMR tube after measurement of NMR spectra. We also can monitor target binding in the NMR tubes. Thus, we propose using NMR to monitor the enrichment of structured aptamers during the SELEX process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Amano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba, 275-0016, Japan
| | - Kazuteru Aoki
- Ribomic Inc., 3-16-13 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0071, Japan
| | - Shin Miyakawa
- Ribomic Inc., 3-16-13 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0071, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nakamura
- Ribomic Inc., 3-16-13 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0071, Japan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kozu
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, 818 Komuro, Ina, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Gota Kawai
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba, 275-0016, Japan
| | - Taiichi Sakamoto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba, 275-0016, Japan.
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37
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Yadav DK, Lukavsky PJ. NMR solution structure determination of large RNA-protein complexes. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 97:57-81. [PMID: 27888840 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Structure determination of RNA-protein complexes is essential for our understanding of the multiple layers of RNA-mediated posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Over the past 20years, NMR spectroscopy became a key tool for structural studies of RNA-protein interactions. Here, we review the progress being made in NMR structure determination of large ribonucleoprotein assemblies. We discuss approaches for the design of RNA-protein complexes for NMR structural studies, established and emerging isotope and segmental labeling schemes suitable for large RNPs and how to gain distance restraints from NOEs, PREs and EPR and orientational information from RDCs and SAXS/SANS in such systems. The new combination of NMR measurements with MD simulations and its potential will also be discussed. Application and combination of these various methods for structure determination of large RNPs will be illustrated with three large RNA-protein complexes (>40kDa) and other interesting complexes determined in the past six and a half years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Yadav
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter J Lukavsky
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
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38
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Granqvist L, Virta P. Characterization of G-Quadruplex/Hairpin Transitions of RNAs by 19 F NMR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2016; 22:15360-15372. [PMID: 27603896 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
2'-O-[(4-Trifluoromethyl-triazol-1-yl)methyl] reporter groups have been incorporated into guanosine-rich RNA models (including a known bistable Qd/Hp RNA and two G-rich regions of mRNA of human prion protein, PrP) and applied for the 19 F NMR spectroscopic characterization of plausible G-quadruplex/hairpin (Qd/Hp) transitions in these RNA structures. For the synthesis of the CF3 -labeled RNAs, phosphoramidite building blocks of 2'-O-[(4-CF3 -triazol-1-yl)methyl] nucleosides (cytidine, adenosine, and guanosine) were prepared and used as an integral part of the standard solid-phase RNA synthesis. The obtained 19 F NMR spectra supported the usual characterization data (obtained by UV- and CD-melting profiles and by 1 H NMR spectra of the imino regions) and additionally gave more detailed information on the Qd/Hp transitions. The molar fractions of the secondary structural species (Qd, Hp) upon thermal denaturation and under varying ionic conditions could be determined from the intensities and shifts of the 19 F NMR signals. For a well-behaved Qd/Hp transition, thermodynamic parameters could be extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Granqvist
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland.
| | - Pasi Virta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland.
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Li Y, Xu S, Wu X, Xu Q, Zhao Y, Lou X, Yang X. Thioflavin T as a fluorescence light-up probe for both parallel and antiparallel G-quadruplexes of 29-mer thrombin binding aptamer. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8025-8036. [PMID: 27590320 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of pathologies have been targeted with bimodular aptamers that contain both G-quadruplex (G4) and duplex motifs, while the structures and functions are poorly understood. G4-selective fluorescent dyes have served as facile tools to probe G4s, but not for bimodular aptamers, yet. Here, taking the 29-mer thrombin binding aptamer (TBA29) as an example, we demonstrated that 3,6-dimethyl-2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-benzothiazolium (ThT) was the most effective dye compared to NMM and PPIX in recognizing TBA29. Binding studies indicate that ThT recognized TBA29 via distinct buffer-dependent mechanisms. Specifically, ThT induced the formation of a bimolecular parallel G4 in cation-deficient buffer, showing 341-fold fluorescent enhancement. The competitive binding of thrombin disrupted the complex, leading to the monotonic fluorescence decrease. A similar mechanism was previously reported for the interaction between ThT and the 15-mer thrombin binding aptamer (TBA15). However, TBA29 bound with ThT in a more favorable state than TBA15, showing hyperchromic effects and two times stronger fluorescence enhancement. Differently, ThT bound with antiparallel TBA29/TBA15 in an intercalating/groove binding mode in 100 mM KCl, generating 181/28-fold fluorescence enhancement, respectively. These results revealed that ThT recognized both parallel and antiparallel G4s of TBA29 more efficiently than it recognized TBA15. The duplex structure of TBA29 may play an important role in its interaction with ThT. Our study broadens the application of ThT in screening G4 to bimodular aptamers and provides some insights into the structures of TBA29, along with the interaction between ThT and TBA29. Our study also is useful for the development of structure-switching-based biosensors using bimodular aptamers. Graphical abstract The buffer-dependent binding mechanisms of ThT with TBA29, and the competitive (top)/noncompetitive (bottom) binding of thrombin with TBA29-ThT complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shi Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yinhua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xinhui Lou
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Xianbin Yang
- AM Biotechnologies, 12521 Gulf Freeway, Houston, TX, 77034, USA.
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40
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Szameit K, Berg K, Kruspe S, Valentini E, Magbanua E, Kwiatkowski M, Chauvot de Beauchêne I, Krichel B, Schamoni K, Uetrecht C, Svergun DI, Schlüter H, Zacharias M, Hahn U. Structure and target interaction of a G-quadruplex RNA-aptamer. RNA Biol 2016; 13:973-987. [PMID: 27471797 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1212151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes have recently moved into focus of research in nucleic acids, thereby evolving in scientific significance from exceptional secondary structure motifs to complex modulators of gene regulation. Aptamers (nucleic acid based ligands with recognition properties for a specific target) that form Gquadruplexes may have particular potential for therapeutic applications as they combine the characteristics of specific targeting and Gquadruplex mediated stability and regulation. We have investigated the structure and target interaction properties of one such aptamer: AIR-3 and its truncated form AIR-3A. These RNA aptamers are specific for human interleukin-6 receptor (hIL-6R), a key player in inflammatory diseases and cancer, and have recently been exploited for in vitro drug delivery studies. With the aim to resolve the RNA structure, global shape, RNA:protein interaction site and binding stoichiometry, we now investigated AIR-3 and AIR-3A by different methods including RNA structure probing, Small Angle X-ray scattering and microscale thermophoresis. Our findings suggest a broader spectrum of folding species than assumed so far and remarkable tolerance toward different modifications. Mass spectrometry based binding site analysis, supported by molecular modeling and docking studies propose a general Gquadruplex affinity for the target molecule hIL-6R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Szameit
- a Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Katharina Berg
- a Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Sven Kruspe
- a Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Erica Valentini
- b European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Eileen Magbanua
- a Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Marcel Kwiatkowski
- c University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Department of Clinical Chemistry , Hamburg , Germany
| | | | - Boris Krichel
- e Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Kira Schamoni
- e Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Charlotte Uetrecht
- e Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology , Hamburg , Germany.,f European XFEL GmbH , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Dmitri I Svergun
- b European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- c University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Department of Clinical Chemistry , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Martin Zacharias
- d Physics Department , Technical University Munich , Garching , Germany
| | - Ulrich Hahn
- a Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Hamburg , Germany
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41
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Geinguenaud F, Guenin E, Lalatonne Y, Motte L. Vectorization of Nucleic Acids for Therapeutic Approach: Tutorial Review. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1180-91. [PMID: 26950048 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides present a high therapeutic potential for a wide variety of diseases. However, their clinical development is limited by their degradation by nucleases and their poor blood circulation time. Depending on the administration mode and the cellular target, these macromolecules will have to cross the vascular endothelium, to diffuse through the extracellular matrix, to be transported through the cell membrane, and finally to reach the cytoplasm. To overcome these physiological barriers, many strategies have been developed. Here, we review different methods of DNA vectorization, discuss limitations and advantages of the various vectors, and provide new perspectives for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Geinguenaud
- Laboratoire CSPBAT,
CNRS UMR 7244, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Erwann Guenin
- Inserm, U1148,
Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Yoann Lalatonne
- Inserm, U1148,
Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017 Bobigny, France
- Service
de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Avicenne Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris 93009 Bobigny France
| | - Laurence Motte
- Inserm, U1148,
Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017 Bobigny, France
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42
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Esposito V, Pirone L, Mayol L, Pedone E, Virgilio A, Galeone A. Exploring the binding of d(GGGT)4 to the HIV-1 integrase: An approach to investigate G-quadruplex aptamer/target protein interactions. Biochimie 2016; 127:19-22. [PMID: 27109379 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aptamer d(GGGT)4 (T30923 or T30695) forms a 5'-5' dimer of two stacked parallel G-quadruplexes, each characterized by three G-tetrads and three single-thymidine reversed-chain loops. This aptamer has been reported to exhibit anti-HIV activity by targeting the HIV integrase, a viral enzyme responsible for the integration of viral DNA into the host-cell genome. However, information concerning the aptamer/target interaction is still rather limited. In this communication we report microscale thermophoresis investigations on the interaction between the HIV-1 integrase and d(GGGT)4 aptamer analogues containing abasic sites singly replacing thymidines in the original sequence. This approach has allowed the identification of which part of the aptamer G-quadruplex structure is mainly involved in the interaction with the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Esposito
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luciano Pirone
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luciano Mayol
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Emilia Pedone
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonella Virgilio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Aldo Galeone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
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Yoneda R, Suzuki S, Mashima T, Kondo K, Nagata T, Katahira M, Kurokawa R. The binding specificity of Translocated in LipoSarcoma/FUsed in Sarcoma with lncRNA transcribed from the promoter region of cyclin D1. Cell Biosci 2016; 6:4. [PMID: 26816614 PMCID: PMC4727290 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-016-0068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Translocated in LipoSarcoma (TLS, also known as FUsed in Sarcoma) is an RNA/DNA binding protein whose mutation cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In previous study, we demonstrated that TLS binds to long noncoding RNA, promoter-associated ncRNA-D (pncRNA-D), transcribed from the 5′ upstream region of cyclin D1 (CCND1), and inhibits the expression of CCND1. Results In order to elucidate the binding specificity between TLS and pncRNA-D, we divided pncRNA-D into seven fragments and examined the binding with full-length TLS, TLS–RGG2–zinc finger–RGG3, and TLS–RGG3 by RNA pull down assay. As a result, TLS was able to bind to all the seven fragments, but the fragments containing reported recognition motifs (GGUG and GGU) tend to bind more solidly. The full-length TLS and TLS–RGG2–zinc finger–RGG3 showed a similar interaction with pncRNA-D, but the binding specificity of TLS–RGG3 was lower compared to the full-length TLS and TLS–RGG2–zinc finger–RGG3. Mutation in GGUG and GGU motifs dramatically decreased the binding, and unexpectedly, we could only detect weak interaction with the RNA sequence with stem loop structure. Conclusion The binding of TLS and pncRNA-D was affected by the presence of GGUG and GGU sequences, and the C terminal domains of TLS function in the interaction with pncRNA-D. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13578-016-0068-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Yoneda
- Division of Gene Structure and Function, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1241 Japan
| | - Shiho Suzuki
- Division of Gene Structure and Function, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1241 Japan
| | - Tsukasa Mashima
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 Japan ; Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Keiko Kondo
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Takashi Nagata
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 Japan ; Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Masato Katahira
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 Japan ; Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Riki Kurokawa
- Division of Gene Structure and Function, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1241 Japan
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44
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K+-responsive off-to-on switching of hammerhead ribozyme through dual G-quadruplex formation requiring no heating and cooling treatment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:27-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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McConnell EM, Holahan MR, DeRosa MC. Aptamers as promising molecular recognition elements for diagnostics and therapeutics in the central nervous system. Nucleic Acid Ther 2015; 24:388-404. [PMID: 25296265 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2014.0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotide aptamers are short, synthetic, single-stranded DNA or RNA able to recognize and bind to a multitude of targets ranging from small molecules to cells. Aptamers have emerged as valuable tools for fundamental research, clinical diagnosis, and therapy. Due to their small size, strong target affinity, lack of immunogenicity, and ease of chemical modification, aptamers are an attractive alternative to other molecular recognition elements, such as antibodies. Although it is a challenging environment, the central nervous system and related molecular targets present an exciting potential area for aptamer research. Aptamers hold promise for targeted drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Here we review recent advances in aptamer research for neurotransmitter and neurotoxin targets, demyelinating disease and spinal cord injury, cerebrovascular disorders, pathologies related to protein aggregation (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and prions), brain cancer (glioblastomas and gliomas), and regulation of receptor function. Challenges and limitations posed by the blood brain barrier are described. Future perspectives for the application of aptamers to the central nervous system are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M McConnell
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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46
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Yamaoki Y, Mashima T, Nagata T, Katahira M. Boosting of activity enhancement of K+-responsive quadruplex hammerhead ribozyme. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5898-901. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00961h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Second-generation quadruplex hammerhead ribozymes, whose activity enhances in response to K+, were developed. New strategies suppressed the basal activity and boosted the activity enhancement upon the addition of K+ to 21-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Yamaoki
- Institute of Advanced Energy
- Graduate School of Energy Science
- Kyoto University
- Gokasho
- Uji
| | - Tsukasa Mashima
- Institute of Advanced Energy
- Graduate School of Energy Science
- Kyoto University
- Gokasho
- Uji
| | - Takashi Nagata
- Institute of Advanced Energy
- Graduate School of Energy Science
- Kyoto University
- Gokasho
- Uji
| | - Masato Katahira
- Institute of Advanced Energy
- Graduate School of Energy Science
- Kyoto University
- Gokasho
- Uji
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47
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A targeted oligonucleotide enhancer of SMN2 exon 7 splicing forms competing quadruplex and protein complexes in functional conditions. Cell Rep 2014; 9:193-205. [PMID: 25263560 PMCID: PMC4536295 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of oligonucleotides to activate the splicing of selected exons is limited by a poor understanding of the mechanisms affected. A targeted bifunctional oligonucleotide enhancer of splicing (TOES) anneals to SMN2 exon 7 and carries an exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) sequence. We show that it stimulates splicing specifically of intron 6 in the presence of repressing sequences in intron 7. Complementarity to the 5' end of exon 7 increases U2AF65 binding, but the ESE sequence is required for efficient recruitment of U2 snRNP. The ESE forms at least three coexisting discrete states: a quadruplex, a complex containing only hnRNP F/H, and a complex enriched in the activator SRSF1. Neither hnRNP H nor quadruplex formation contributes to ESE activity. The results suggest that splicing limited by weak signals can be rescued by rapid exchange of TOES oligonucleotides in various complexes and raise the possibility that SR proteins associate transiently with ESEs.
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48
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Davlieva M, Donarski J, Wang J, Shamoo Y, Nikonowicz EP. Structure analysis of free and bound states of an RNA aptamer against ribosomal protein S8 from Bacillus anthracis. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:10795-808. [PMID: 25140011 PMCID: PMC4176348 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several protein-targeted RNA aptamers have been identified for a variety of applications and although the affinities of numerous protein-aptamer complexes have been determined, the structural details of these complexes have not been widely explored. We examined the structural accommodation of an RNA aptamer that binds bacterial r-protein S8. The core of the primary binding site for S8 on helix 21 of 16S rRNA contains a pair of conserved base triples that mold the sugar-phosphate backbone to S8. The aptamer, which does not contain the conserved sequence motif, is specific for the rRNA binding site of S8. The protein-free RNA aptamer adopts a helical structure with multiple non-canonical base pairs. Surprisingly, binding of S8 leads to a dramatic change in the RNA conformation that restores the signature S8 recognition fold through a novel combination of nucleobase interactions. Nucleotides within the non-canonical core rearrange to create a G-(G-C) triple and a U-(A-U)-U quartet. Although native-like S8-RNA interactions are present in the aptamer-S8 complex, the topology of the aptamer RNA differs from that of the helix 21-S8 complex. This is the first example of an RNA aptamer that adopts substantially different secondary structures in the free and protein-bound states and highlights the remarkable plasticity of RNA secondary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milya Davlieva
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251-1892, USA
| | - James Donarski
- Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jiachen Wang
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yousif Shamoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251-1892, USA
| | - Edward P Nikonowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251-1892, USA
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49
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Sarell CJ, Karamanos TK, White SJ, Bunka DHJ, Kalverda AP, Thompson GS, Barker AM, Stockley PG, Radford SE. Distinguishing closely related amyloid precursors using an RNA aptamer. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26859-26871. [PMID: 25100729 PMCID: PMC4175327 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.595066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although amyloid fibrils assembled in vitro commonly involve a single protein, fibrils formed in vivo can contain multiple protein sequences. The amyloidogenic protein human β2-microglobulin (hβ2m) can co-polymerize with its N-terminally truncated variant (ΔN6) in vitro to form hetero-polymeric fibrils that differ from their homo-polymeric counterparts. Discrimination between the different assembly precursors, for example by binding of a biomolecule to one species in a mixture of conformers, offers an opportunity to alter the course of co-assembly and the properties of the fibrils formed. Here, using hβ2m and its amyloidogenic counterpart, ΔΝ6, we describe selection of a 2'F-modified RNA aptamer able to distinguish between these very similar proteins. SELEX with a N30 RNA pool yielded an aptamer (B6) that binds hβ2m with an EC50 of ∼200 nM. NMR spectroscopy was used to assign the (1)H-(15)N HSQC spectrum of the B6-hβ2m complex, revealing that the aptamer binds to the face of hβ2m containing the A, B, E, and D β-strands. In contrast, binding of B6 to ΔN6 is weak and less specific. Kinetic analysis of the effect of B6 on co-polymerization of hβ2m and ΔN6 revealed that the aptamer alters the kinetics of co-polymerization of the two proteins. The results reveal the potential of RNA aptamers as tools for elucidating the mechanisms of co-assembly in amyloid formation and as reagents able to discriminate between very similar protein conformers with different amyloid propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J Sarell
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Theodoros K Karamanos
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J White
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - David H J Bunka
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Arnout P Kalverda
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Gary S Thompson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Amy M Barker
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Peter G Stockley
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Sheena E Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
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50
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Olsthoorn RCL. G-quadruplexes within prion mRNA: the missing link in prion disease? Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:9327-33. [PMID: 25030900 PMCID: PMC4132711 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular ribonucleic acid (RNA) plays a crucial role in the initial conversion of cellular prion protein PrP(C) to infectious PrP(Sc) or scrapie. The nature of this RNA remains elusive. Previously, RNA aptamers against PrP(C) have been isolated and found to form G-quadruplexes (G4s). PrP(C) binding to G4 RNAs destabilizes its structure and is thought to trigger its conversion to PrP(Sc). Here it is shown that PrP messenger RNA (mRNA) itself contains several G4 motifs, located in the octarepeat region. Investigation of the RNA structure in one of these repeats by circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance and ultraviolet melting studies shows evidence of G4 formation. In vitro translation of full-length PrP mRNA, naturally harboring five consecutive G4 motifs, was specifically affected by G4-binding ligands, lending support to G4 formation in PrP mRNA. A possible role of PrP binding to its own mRNA and the role of anti-prion drugs, many of which are G4-binding ligands, in prion disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- René C L Olsthoorn
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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