1
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Feng Y, Li Z, Wang H, Liu BC, Lee K, He JC. HIPK2 C-terminal domain inhibits NF-κB signaling and renal inflammation in kidney injury. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e175153. [PMID: 38512421 PMCID: PMC11141872 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.175153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
HIPK2 is a multifunctional kinase that acts as a key pathogenic mediator of chronic kidney disease and fibrosis. It acts as a central effector of multiple signaling pathways implicated in kidney injury, such as TGF-β/Smad3-mediated extracellular matrix accumulation, NF-κB-mediated inflammation, and p53-mediated apoptosis. Thus, a better understanding of the specific HIPK2 regions necessary for distinct downstream pathway activation is critical for optimal drug development for CKD. Our study now shows that caspase-6-mediated removal of the C-terminal region of HIPK2 (HIPK2-CT) lead to hyperactive p65 NF-κB transcriptional response in kidney cells. In contrast, the expression of cleaved HIPK2-CT fragment could restrain the NF-κB transcriptional activity by cytoplasmic sequestration of p65 and the attenuation of IκBα degradation. Therefore, we examined whether HIPK2-CT expression can be exploited to restrain renal inflammation in vivo. The induction of HIPK2-CT overexpression in kidney tubular cells attenuated p65 nuclear translocation, expression of inflammatory cytokines, and macrophage infiltration in the kidneys of mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction and LPS-induced acute kidney injury. Collectively, our findings indicate that the HIPK2-CT is involved in the regulation of nuclear NF-κB transcriptional activity and that HIPK2-CT or its analogs could be further exploited as potential antiinflammatory agents to treat kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Feng
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhengzhe Li
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Heather Wang
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kyung Lee
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - John Cijiang He
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Renal Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Hogg EKJ, Findlay GM. Functions of SRPK, CLK and DYRK kinases in stem cells, development, and human developmental disorders. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2375-2415. [PMID: 37607329 PMCID: PMC10952393 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Human developmental disorders encompass a wide range of debilitating physical conditions and intellectual disabilities. Perturbation of protein kinase signalling underlies the development of some of these disorders. For example, disrupted SRPK signalling is associated with intellectual disabilities, and the gene dosage of DYRKs can dictate the pathology of disorders including Down's syndrome. Here, we review the emerging roles of the CMGC kinase families SRPK, CLK, DYRK, and sub-family HIPK during embryonic development and in developmental disorders. In particular, SRPK, CLK, and DYRK kinase families have key roles in developmental signalling and stem cell regulation, and can co-ordinate neuronal development and function. Genetic studies in model organisms reveal critical phenotypes including embryonic lethality, sterility, musculoskeletal errors, and most notably, altered neurological behaviours arising from defects of the neuroectoderm and altered neuronal signalling. Further unpicking the mechanisms of specific kinases using human stem cell models of neuronal differentiation and function will improve our understanding of human developmental disorders and may provide avenues for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. J. Hogg
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
| | - Greg M. Findlay
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
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3
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Zhou Q, Meng D, Li F, Zhang X, Liu L, Zhu Y, Liu S, Xu M, Deng J, Lei Z, Sluijter JP, Xiao J. Inhibition of HIPK2 protects stress-induced pathological cardiac remodeling. EBioMedicine 2022; 85:104274. [PMID: 36182775 PMCID: PMC9526139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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4
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De Biase D, Valente V, Conte A, Cammarota F, Boccella N, D’Esposito L, d’Aquino I, Paciello O, Paladino S, Pierantoni GM. Phenotypic Effects of Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase 2 Deletion in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158294. [PMID: 34361060 PMCID: PMC8348407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) is a serine-threonine kinase that phosphorylates various transcriptional and chromatin regulators, thus modulating numerous important cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, DNA damage response, and oxidative stress. The role of HIPK2 in the pathogenesis of cancer and fibrosis is well established, and evidence of its involvement in the homeostasis of multiple organs has been recently emerging. We have previously demonstrated that Hipk2-null (Hipk2-KO) mice present cerebellar alterations associated with psychomotor abnormalities and that the double ablation of HIPK2 and its interactor HMGA1 causes perinatal death due to respiratory failure. To identify other alterations caused by the loss of HIPK2, we performed a systematic morphological analysis of Hipk2-KO mice. Post-mortem examinations and histological analysis revealed that Hipk2 ablation causes neuronal loss, neuronal morphological alterations, and satellitosis throughout the whole central nervous system (CNS); a myopathic phenotype characterized by variable fiber size, mitochondrial proliferation, sarcoplasmic inclusions, morphological alterations at neuromuscular junctions; and a cardiac phenotype characterized by fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. These data demonstrate the importance of HIPK2 in the physiology of skeletal and cardiac muscles and of different parts of the CNS, thus suggesting its potential relevance for different new aspects of human pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide De Biase
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (D.D.B.); (I.d.); (O.P.)
| | - Valeria Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.V.); (A.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Andrea Conte
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.V.); (A.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Cammarota
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.V.); (A.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Nicola Boccella
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Lucia D’Esposito
- Centro Servizi Veterinari, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Ilaria d’Aquino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (D.D.B.); (I.d.); (O.P.)
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (D.D.B.); (I.d.); (O.P.)
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.V.); (A.C.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (G.M.P.); Tel.: +39-081-7464574 (S.P.); +39-081-7463156 (G.M.P.)
| | - Giovanna Maria Pierantoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.V.); (A.C.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (G.M.P.); Tel.: +39-081-7464574 (S.P.); +39-081-7463156 (G.M.P.)
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5
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Cheng J, Tsuda M, Okolotowicz K, Dwyer M, Bushway PJ, Colas AR, Lancman JJ, Schade D, Perea-Gil I, Bruyneel AAN, Lee J, Vadgama N, Quach J, McKeithan WL, Biechele TL, Wu JC, Moon RT, Si Dong PD, Karakikes I, Cashman JR, Mercola M. Small-molecule probe reveals a kinase cascade that links stress signaling to TCF/LEF and Wnt responsiveness. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:625-635.e5. [PMID: 33503403 PMCID: PMC8140986 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a central role in tissue maintenance and cancer. Wnt activates downstream genes through β-catenin, which interacts with TCF/LEF transcription factors. A major question is how this signaling is coordinated relative to tissue organization and renewal. We used a recently described class of small molecules that binds tubulin to reveal a molecular cascade linking stress signaling through ATM, HIPK2, and p53 to the regulation of TCF/LEF transcriptional activity. These data suggest a mechanism by which mitotic and genotoxic stress can indirectly modulate Wnt responsiveness to exert coherent control over cell shape and renewal. These findings have implications for understanding tissue morphogenesis and small-molecule anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongjia Cheng
- Human BioMolecular Research Institute, 5310 Eastgate Mall, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Masanao Tsuda
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Karl Okolotowicz
- Human BioMolecular Research Institute, 5310 Eastgate Mall, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Mary Dwyer
- Human BioMolecular Research Institute, 5310 Eastgate Mall, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Paul J Bushway
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alexandre R Colas
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joseph J Lancman
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dennis Schade
- Human BioMolecular Research Institute, 5310 Eastgate Mall, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, Kiel, Germany
| | - Isaac Perea-Gil
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arne A N Bruyneel
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jaechol Lee
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nirmal Vadgama
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Justine Quach
- Human BioMolecular Research Institute, 5310 Eastgate Mall, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Wesley L McKeithan
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Travis L Biechele
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Randall T Moon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - P Duc Si Dong
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ioannis Karakikes
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - John R Cashman
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
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6
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Yan J, Yang Y, Fan X, Tang Y, Tang Z. Sp1-Mediated circRNA circHipk2 Regulates Myogenesis by Targeting Ribosomal Protein Rpl7. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050696. [PMID: 34066653 PMCID: PMC8151578 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a class of covalently closed single-stranded RNA molecules that are emerging as essential regulators of various biological processes. The circRNA circHipk2 originates from exon 2 of the Hipk2 gene in mice and was reported to be involved in acute promyelocytic leukemia and myocardial injury. However, the functions and mechanisms of circHipk2 in myogenesis are largely unknown. Here, to deepen our knowledge about the role of circHipk2, we studied the expression and function of circHipk2 during skeletal myogenesis. We found that circHipk2 was mostly distributed in the cytoplasm, and dynamically and differentially expressed in various myogenesis systems in vitro and in vivo. Functionally, overexpression of circHipk2 inhibited myoblast proliferation and promoted myotube formation in C2C12 cells, whereas the opposite effects were observed after circHipk2 knockdown. Mechanistically, circHipk2 could directly bind to ribosomal protein Rpl7, an essential 60S preribosomal assembly factor, to inhibit ribosome translation. In addition, we verified that transcription factor Sp1 directly bound to the promoter of circHipk2 and affected the expression of Hipk2 and circHipk2 in C2C12 myoblasts. Collectively, these findings identify circHipk2 as a candidate circRNA regulating ribosome biogenesis and myogenesis proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Yan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; (J.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.F.); (Y.T.)
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
- Research Centre of Animal Nutritional Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Yalan Yang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; (J.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.F.); (Y.T.)
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Foshan 528226, China
| | - Xinhao Fan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; (J.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.F.); (Y.T.)
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Foshan 528226, China
| | - Yijie Tang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; (J.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.F.); (Y.T.)
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
- Research Centre of Animal Nutritional Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Foshan 528226, China
| | - Zhonglin Tang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; (J.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.F.); (Y.T.)
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
- Research Centre of Animal Nutritional Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Foshan 528226, China
- GuangXi Engineering Centre for Resource Development of Bama Xiang Pig, Bama 547500, China
- Correspondence:
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7
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Corpuz AD, Ramos JW, Matter ML. PTRH2: an adhesion regulated molecular switch at the nexus of life, death, and differentiation. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:124. [PMID: 33298880 PMCID: PMC7661711 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase 2 (PTRH2; Bit-1; Bit1) is an underappreciated regulator of adhesion signals and Bcl2 expression. Its key roles in muscle differentiation and integrin-mediated signaling are central to the pathology of a recently identified patient syndrome caused by a cluster of Ptrh2 gene mutations. These loss-of-function mutations were identified in patients presenting with severe deleterious phenotypes of the skeletal muscle, endocrine, and nervous systems resulting in a syndrome called Infantile-onset Multisystem Nervous, Endocrine, and Pancreatic Disease (IMNEPD). In contrast, in cancer PTRH2 is a potential oncogene that promotes malignancy and metastasis. PTRH2 modulates PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling in addition to Bcl2 expression and thereby regulates key cellular processes in response to adhesion including cell survival, growth, and differentiation. In this Review, we discuss the state of the science on this important cell survival, anoikis and differentiation regulator, and opportunities for further investigation and translation. We begin with a brief overview of the structure, regulation, and subcellular localization of PTRH2. We discuss the cluster of gene mutations thus far identified which cause developmental delays and multisystem disease. We then discuss the role of PTRH2 and adhesion in breast, lung, and esophageal cancers focusing on signaling pathways involved in cell survival, cell growth, and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin D Corpuz
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, 96813, HI, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Joe W Ramos
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, 96813, HI, USA
| | - Michelle L Matter
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, 96813, HI, USA.
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8
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Haas J, Bloesel D, Bacher S, Kracht M, Schmitz ML. Chromatin Targeting of HIPK2 Leads to Acetylation-Dependent Chromatin Decondensation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:852. [PMID: 32984337 PMCID: PMC7490299 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) plays an important role in development and in the response to external cues. The kinase associates with an exceptionally large number of different transcription factors and chromatin regulatory proteins to direct distinct gene expression programs. In order to investigate the function of HIPK2 for chromatin compaction, HIPK2 was fused to the DNA-binding domains of Gal4 or LacI, thus allowing its specific targeting to binding sites for these transcription factors that were integrated in specific chromosome loci. Tethering of HIPK2 resulted in strong decompaction of euchromatic and heterochromatic areas. HIPK2-mediated heterochromatin decondensation started already 4 h after its chromatin association and required the functionality of its SUMO-interacting motif. This process was paralleled by disappearance of the repressive H3K27me3 chromatin mark, recruitment of the acetyltransferases CBP and p300 and increased histone acetylation at H3K18 and H4K5. HIPK2-mediated chromatin decompaction was strongly inhibited in the presence of a CBP/p300 inhibitor and completely blocked by the BET inhibitor JQ1, consistent with a causative role of acetylations for this process. Chromatin tethering of HIPK2 had only a minor effect on basal transcription, while it strongly boosted estrogen-triggered gene expression by acting as a transcriptional cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Haas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel Bloesel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Bacher
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Kracht
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.,Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute of Pharmacology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - M Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
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9
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An Alternative Splice Variant of HIPK2 with Intron Retention Contributes to Cytokinesis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020484. [PMID: 32093146 PMCID: PMC7072727 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
HIPK2 is a DYRK-like kinase involved in cellular stress response pathways, development, and cell division. Two alternative splice variants of HIPK2, HIPK2-FL and HIPK2-Δe8, have been previously identified as having different protein stability but similar functional activity in the stress response. Here, we describe one additional HIPK2 splice variant with a distinct subcellular distribution and functional activity in cytokinesis. This novel splice variant lacks the last two exons and retains intron13 with a stop codon after 89 bp of the intron, generating a short isoform, HIPK2-S, that is detectable by 2D Western blots. RT-PCR analyses of tissue arrays and tumor samples show that HIPK2-FL and HIPK2-S are expressed in normal human tissues in a tissue-dependent manner and differentially expressed in human colorectal and pancreatic cancers. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that in contrast to HIPK2-FL, HIPK2-S has a diffuse, non-speckled distribution and is not involved in the DNA damage response. Rather, we found that HIPK2-S, but not HIPK2-FL, localizes at the intercellular bridge, where it phosphorylates histone H2B and spastin, both required for faithful cell division. Altogether, these data show that distinct human HIPK2 splice variants are involved in distinct HIPK2-regulated functions like stress response and cytokinesis.
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10
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HIPK2 overexpression relieves hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis and oxidative damage of cardiomyocytes through enhancement of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 316:108922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Ritter O, Schmitz ML. Differential intracellular localization and dynamic nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of homeodomain-interacting protein kinase family members. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1676-1686. [PMID: 31029697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The three canonical members of the family of homeodomain-interacting protein (HIP) kinases fulfill overlapping and distinct roles in cellular stress response pathways. Here we systematically compared all three endogenous HIPKs for their intracellular distribution and mutual interactions. The endogenous HIPKs are contained in high molecular weight complexes of ~700 kDa but do not directly interact physically. Under basal conditions, HIPK1 was mostly cytoplasmic, while HIPK3 was found in the nucleus and HIPK2 occurred in both compartments. Inhibition of nuclear export by leptomycin B resulted in the nuclear accumulation of mainly HIPK1 and HIPK2, indicating constitutive dynamic nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. The carcinogenic chemical stressor sodium arsenite caused the induction of HIPK2-dependent cell death and also resulted in a rapid and complete nuclear translocation of HIPK2, showing that the intracellular distribution of this kinase can undergo dynamic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesja Ritter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Friedrichstrasse 24, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - M Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Friedrichstrasse 24, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
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12
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Qin Y, Hu Q, Ji S, Xu J, Dai W, Liu W, Xu W, Sun Q, Zhang Z, Ni Q, Yu X, Zhang B, Xu X. Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 suppresses proliferation and aerobic glycolysis via ERK/cMyc axis in pancreatic cancer. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12603. [PMID: 30932257 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the roles of the homeodomain-interacting protein kinase (HIPK) family of proteins in pancreatic cancer prognosis and the possible molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of HIPK family genes and their roles in pancreatic cancer prognosis were analysed by using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The roles of HIPK2 in pancreatic cancer proliferation and glycolysis were tested by overexpression of HIPK2 in pancreatic cancer cells, followed by cell proliferation assay, glucose uptake analysis and Seahorse extracellular flux analysis. The mechanism of action of HIPK2 in pancreatic cancer proliferation and glycolysis was explored by examining its effect on the ERK/cMyc axis. RESULTS Decreased HIPK2 expression indicated worse prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Overexpression of HIPK2 in pancreatic cancer cells decreased cell proliferation and attenuated aerobic glycolysis, which sustained proliferation of cancer cells. HIPK2 decreased cMyc protein levels and expression of cMyc-targeted glycolytic genes. cMyc was a mediator that regulated HIPK2-induced decrease in aerobic glycolysis. HIPK2 regulated cMyc protein stability via ERK activation, which phosphorylated and controlled cMyc protein stability. CONCLUSIONS HIPK2 suppressed proliferation of pancreatic cancer in part through inhibiting the ERK/cMyc axis and related aerobic glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangsheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixing Dai
- Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wensheng Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiqing Sun
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Torrente L, Sanchez C, Moreno R, Chowdhry S, Cabello P, Isono K, Koseki H, Honda T, Hayes JD, Dinkova-Kostova AT, de la Vega L. Crosstalk between NRF2 and HIPK2 shapes cytoprotective responses. Oncogene 2017; 36:6204-6212. [PMID: 28692050 PMCID: PMC5641449 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Homeodomain interacting protein kinase-2 (HIPK2) is a member of the HIPK family of stress-responsive kinases that modulates cell growth, apoptosis, proliferation and development. HIPK2 has several well-characterised tumour suppressor roles, but recent studies suggest it can also contribute to tumour progression, although the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Herein, we have identified novel crosstalk between HIPK2 and the cytoprotective transcription factor NRF2. We show that HIPK2 is a direct transcriptional target of NRF2, identifying a functional NRF2 binding site in the HIPK2 gene locus and demonstrating for the first time a transcriptional mode of regulation for this kinase. In addition, HIPK2 is required for robust NRF2 responsiveness in cells and in vivo. By using both gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches, we demonstrate that HIPK2 can elicit a cytoprotective response in cancer cells via NRF2. Our results have uncovered a new downstream effector of HIPK2, NRF2, which is frequently activated in human tumours correlating with chemoresistance and poor prognosis. Furthermore, our results suggest that modulation of either HIPK2 levels or activity could be exploited to impair NRF2-mediated signalling in cancer cells, and thus sensitise them to chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Torrente
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, James Arrott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - C Sanchez
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, James Arrott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - R Moreno
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, James Arrott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - S Chowdhry
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, James Arrott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - P Cabello
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, James Arrott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - K Isono
- Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - H Koseki
- Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - T Honda
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - J D Hayes
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, James Arrott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - A T Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, James Arrott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - L de la Vega
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, James Arrott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
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14
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Hashimoto K, Tsuji Y. Arsenic-Induced Activation of the Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase 2 (HIPK2) to cAMP-Response Element Binding Protein (CREB) Axis. J Mol Biol 2016; 429:64-78. [PMID: 27884605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) plays key transcriptional roles in cell metabolism, proliferation, and survival. Ser133 phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA) is a well-characterized CREB activation mechanism. Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase (HIPK) 2, a nuclear serine/threonine kinase, activates CREB through Ser271 phosphorylation; however, the regulatory mechanism remains uncharacterized. Transfection of CREB in HEK293 cells together with the kinase demonstrated that HIPK2 phosphorylated CREB at Ser271 but not Ser133; likewise, PKA phosphorylated CREB at Ser133 but not Ser271, suggesting two distinct CREB regulatory mechanisms by HIPK2 and PKA. In vitro kinase assay revealed that HIPK2, and HIPK1 and HIPK3, directly phosphorylated CREB. Cells exposed to 10μM sodium arsenite increased the stability of HIPK1 and HIPK2 proteins, leading to CREB activation via Ser271 phosphorylation. Phospho-Ser271 CREB showed facilitated interaction with the TFIID subunit coactivator TAF4 assessed by immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, a focused gene array between cells transfected with CREB alone and CREB plus HIPK2 over empty vector-transfected control displayed 14- and 32-fold upregulation of cyclin A1, respectively, while no upregulation was displayed by HIPK2 alone. These results suggest that the HIPK2-phospho-Ser271 CREB axis is a new arsenic-responsive CREB activation mechanism in parallel with the PKA-phospho-Ser133 CREB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Hashimoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Tsuji
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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15
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Kuwano Y, Nishida K, Akaike Y, Kurokawa K, Nishikawa T, Masuda K, Rokutan K. Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase-2: A Critical Regulator of the DNA Damage Response and the Epigenome. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101638. [PMID: 27689990 PMCID: PMC5085671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates and activates the apoptotic program through interaction with diverse downstream targets including tumor suppressor p53. HIPK2 is activated by genotoxic stimuli and modulates cell fate following DNA damage. The DNA damage response (DDR) is triggered by DNA lesions or chromatin alterations. The DDR regulates DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoint activation, and apoptosis to restore genome integrity and cellular homeostasis. Maintenance of the DDR is essential to prevent development of diseases caused by genomic instability, including cancer, defects of development, and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies reveal a novel HIPK2-mediated pathway for DDR through interaction with chromatin remodeling factor homeodomain protein 1γ. In this review, we will highlight the molecular mechanisms of HIPK2 and show its functions as a crucial DDR regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kuwano
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Kensei Nishida
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Yoko Akaike
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Ken Kurokawa
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Nishikawa
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Masuda
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Kazuhito Rokutan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
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16
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Rodriguez-Gil A, Ritter O, Hornung J, Stekman H, Krüger M, Braun T, Kremmer E, Kracht M, Schmitz ML. HIPK family kinases bind and regulate the function of the CCR4-NOT complex. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:1969-80. [PMID: 27122605 PMCID: PMC4907730 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-09-0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Down-regulation of the HIPK interactor CNOT2 leads to reduced HIPK2 protein levels, identifying the CCR4-NOT complex as a new regulator of HIPK2 abundance. Functional assays reveal that HIPK2 and HIPK1 restrict CNOT2-dependent mRNA decay, thus extending the regulatory potential of these kinases to the level of posttranscriptional gene regulation. The serine/threonine kinase HIPK2 functions as a regulator of developmental processes and as a signal integrator of a wide variety of stress signals, such as DNA damage, hypoxia, and reactive oxygen intermediates. Because the kinase is generated in a constitutively active form, its expression levels are restricted by a variety of different mechanisms. Here we identify the CCR4-NOT complex as a new regulator of HIPK2 abundance. Down-regulation or knockout of the CCR4-NOT complex member CNOT2 leads to reduced HIPK2 protein levels without affecting the expression level of HIPK1 or HIPK3. A fraction of all HIPK family members associates with the CCR4-NOT components CNOT2 and CNOT3. HIPKs also phosphorylate the CCR4-NOT complex, a feature that is shared with their yeast progenitor kinase, YAK1. Functional assays reveal that HIPK2 and HIPK1 restrict CNOT2-dependent mRNA decay. HIPKs are well known regulators of transcription, but the mutual regulation between CCR4-NOT and HIPKs extends the regulatory potential of these kinases by enabling posttranscriptional gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Rodriguez-Gil
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Olesja Ritter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Juliane Hornung
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hilda Stekman
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-81377 Munich; Germany
| | - Michael Kracht
- Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute of Pharmacology, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - M Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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17
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Bell RAV, Al-Khalaf M, Megeney LA. The beneficial role of proteolysis in skeletal muscle growth and stress adaptation. Skelet Muscle 2016; 6:16. [PMID: 27054028 PMCID: PMC4822268 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-016-0086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy derived from excessive proteolysis is a hallmark of numerous disease conditions. Accordingly, the negative consequences of skeletal muscle protein breakdown often overshadow the critical nature of proteolytic systems in maintaining normal cellular function. Here, we discuss the major cellular proteolysis machinery-the ubiquitin/proteosome system, the autophagy/lysosomal system, and caspase-mediated protein cleavage-and the critical role of these protein machines in establishing and preserving muscle health. We examine how ordered degradation modifies (1) the spatiotemporal expression of myogenic regulatory factors during myoblast differentiation, (2) membrane fusion during myotube formation, (3) sarcomere remodeling and muscle growth following physical stress, and (4) energy homeostasis during nutrient deprivation. Finally, we review the origin and etiology of a number of myopathies and how these devastating conditions arise from inborn errors in proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A V Bell
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Mohammad Al-Khalaf
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Lynn A Megeney
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
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18
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Schmitz ML, de la Vega L. New Insights into the Role of Histone Deacetylases as Coactivators of Inflammatory Gene Expression. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:85-98. [PMID: 24359078 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The expression and/or activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs) can be regulated by a variety of environmental conditions, including inflammation and oxidative stress. These events result in diminished or exaggerated protein acetylation, both of which can be causative for many ailments. While the anti-inflammatory activity of HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) is well known, recent studies started unraveling details of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pro-inflammatory function of HDACs. RECENT ADVANCES Recent evidence shows that HDACs are found in association with transcribed regions and ensure proper transcription by maintaining acetylation homeostasis. We also discuss current insights in the molecular mechanisms mediating acetylation-dependent inhibition of pro-inflammatory transcription factors of the NF-κB, HIF-1, IRF, and STAT families. CRITICAL ISSUES The high number of acetylations and the complexity of the regulatory consequences make it difficult to assign biological effects directly to a single acetylation event. The vast majority of acetylated proteins are nonhistone proteins, and it remains to be shown whether the therapeutic effects of HDACis are attributable to altered histone acetylation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In the traditional view, only exaggerated acetylation is harmful and causative for diseases. Recent data show the relevance of acetylation homeostasis and suggest that both diminished and inflated acetylation can enable the development of ailments. Since acetylation of nonhistone proteins is essential for the induction of a substantial part of the inflammatory gene expression program, HDACis are more than "epigenetic drugs." The identification of substrates for individual HDACs will be the prerequisite for the adequate use of highly specific HDACis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lienhard Schmitz
- 1 Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University , Giessen, Germany .,2 The German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Laureano de la Vega
- 3 Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee , Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
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19
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Schmitz ML, Rodriguez-Gil A, Hornung J. Integration of stress signals by homeodomain interacting protein kinases. Biol Chem 2015; 395:375-86. [PMID: 24225127 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The family of homeodomain interacting protein kinases (HIPKs) consists of four related kinases, HIPK1 to HIPK4. These serine/threonine kinases are evolutionary conserved and derive from the yeast kinase Yak1. The largest group of HIPK phosphorylation substrates is represented by transcription factors and chromatin-associated regulators of gene expression, thus transferring HIPK-derived signals into changes of gene expression programs. The HIPKs mainly function as regulators of developmental processes and as integrators of a wide variety of stress signals. A number of conditions representing precarious situations, such as DNA damage, hypoxia, reactive oxygen intermediates and metabolic stress affect the function of HIPKs. The kinases function as integrators for these stress signals and feed them into many different downstream effector pathways that serve to cope with these precarious situations. HIPKs do not function as essential core components in the different stress signaling pathways, but rather serve as modulators of signal output and as connectors of different stress signaling pathways. Their central role as signaling hubs with the ability to shape many downstream effector pathways frequently implies them in proliferative diseases such as cancer or fibrosis.
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20
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Mielcarek M, Zielonka D, Carnemolla A, Marcinkowski JT, Guidez F. HDAC4 as a potential therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases: a summary of recent achievements. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:42. [PMID: 25759639 PMCID: PMC4338808 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past decade protein acetylation has been shown to be a crucial post-transcriptional modification involved in the regulation of protein functions. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) mediate acetylation of histones which results in the nucleosomal relaxation associated with gene expression. The reverse reaction, histone deacetylation, is mediated by histone deacetylases (HDACs) leading to chromatin condensation followed by transcriptional repression. HDACs are divided into distinct classes: I, IIa, IIb, III, and IV, on the basis of size and sequence homology, as well as formation of distinct repressor complexes. Implications of HDACs in many diseases, such as cancer, heart failure, and neurodegeneration, have identified these molecules as unique and attractive therapeutic targets. The emergence of HDAC4 among the members of class IIa family as a major player in synaptic plasticity raises important questions about its functions in the brain. The characterization of HDAC4 specific substrates and molecular partners in the brain will not only provide a better understanding of HDAC4 biological functions but also might help to develop new therapeutic strategies to target numerous malignancies. In this review we highlight and summarize recent achievements in understanding the biological role of HDAC4 in neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Mielcarek
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London London, UK
| | - Daniel Zielonka
- Department of Social Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan, Poland
| | - Alisia Carnemolla
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London London, UK
| | - Jerzy T Marcinkowski
- Department of Social Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan, Poland
| | - Fabien Guidez
- INSERM UMRS 1131, Université Paris Diderot, Institut Universitaire d'hématologie (IUH), Hôpital Saint-Louis Paris, France
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21
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Soler-Torronteras R, Lara-Chica M, García V, Calzado MA, Muñoz E. Hypoximimetic activity of N-acyl-dopamines. N-arachidonoyl-dopamine stabilizes HIF-1α protein through a SIAH2-dependent pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2730-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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22
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Wook Choi D, Yong Choi C. HIPK2 modification code for cell death and survival. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e955999. [PMID: 27308327 PMCID: PMC4905192 DOI: 10.1080/23723548.2014.955999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that participates in the regulation of diverse cellular activities as a transcriptional cofactor and signal transducer. HIPK2 senses various signaling cues that in turn phosphorylate downstream substrates to coordinate developmental processes, cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, differentiation, and the DNA damage response. HIPK2 functions are affected by its catalytic activity, stability, and subcellular localization, which in turn are dynamically regulated by diverse post-translational modifications such as polyubiquitination, SUMOylation, phosphorylation, and acetylation. HIPK2 is not modified with small molecules and/or peptides individually or independently, but in a combinatorial manner that is referred to as the “HIPK2 modification code.” HIPK2 integrates various signaling cues and senses different doses of DNA damage and ROS stimuli, which are reflected by unique patterns of HIPK2 modification. Hence, the HIPK2 modification code differentially contributes to cellular homeostasis and determination of cell fate depending on cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences; Sungkyunkwan University ; Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Yong Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences; Sungkyunkwan University ; Suwon, Republic of Korea
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23
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Wales S, Hashemi S, Blais A, McDermott JC. Global MEF2 target gene analysis in cardiac and skeletal muscle reveals novel regulation of DUSP6 by p38MAPK-MEF2 signaling. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:11349-62. [PMID: 25217591 PMCID: PMC4191398 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
MEF2 plays a profound role in the regulation of transcription in cardiac and skeletal muscle lineages. To define the overlapping and unique MEF2A genomic targets, we utilized ChIP-exo analysis of cardiomyocytes and skeletal myoblasts. Of the 2783 and 1648 MEF2A binding peaks in skeletal myoblasts and cardiomyocytes, respectively, 294 common binding sites were identified. Genomic targets were compared to differentially expressed genes in RNA-seq analysis of MEF2A depleted myogenic cells, revealing two prominent genetic networks. Genes largely associated with muscle development were down-regulated by loss of MEF2A while up-regulated genes reveal a previously unrecognized function of MEF2A in suppressing growth/proliferative genes. Several up-regulated (Tprg, Mctp2, Kitl, Prrx1, Dusp6) and down-regulated (Atp1a2, Hspb7, Tmem182, Sorbs2, Lmod3) MEF2A target genes were chosen for further investigation. Interestingly, siRNA targeting of the MEF2A/D heterodimer revealed a somewhat divergent role in the regulation of Dusp6, a MAPK phosphatase, in cardiac and skeletal myogenic lineages. Furthermore, MEF2D functions as a p38MAPK-dependent repressor of Dusp6 in myoblasts. These data illustrate that MEF2 orchestrates both common and non-overlapping programs of signal-dependent gene expression in skeletal and cardiac muscle lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Wales
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3 Canada Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3 Canada Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Sara Hashemi
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3 Canada Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3 Canada Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Alexandre Blais
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Health Sciences Campus, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - John C McDermott
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3 Canada Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3 Canada Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3 Canada Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry (CRMS), York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3 Canada
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Bloemberg D, Quadrilatero J. Mitochondrial pro-apoptotic indices do not precede the transient caspase activation associated with myogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2926-36. [PMID: 25205454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle differentiation requires activity of the apoptotic protease caspase-3. We attempted to identify the source of caspase activation in differentiating C2C12 skeletal myoblasts. In addition to caspase-3, caspase-2 was transiently activated during differentiation; however, no changes were observed in caspase-8 or -9 activity. Although mitochondrial Bax increased, this was matched by Bcl-2, resulting in no change to the mitochondrial Bax:Bcl-2 ratio early during differentiation. Interestingly, mitochondrial membrane potential increased on a timeline similar to caspase activation and was accompanied by an immediate, temporary reduction in cytosolic Smac and cytochrome c. Since XIAP protein expression dramatically declined during myogenesis, we investigated whether this contributes to caspase-3 activation. Despite reducing caspase-3 activity by up to 57%, differentiation was unaffected in cells overexpressing normal or E3-mutant XIAP. Furthermore, a XIAP mutant which can inhibit caspase-9 but not caspase-3 did not reduce caspase-3 activity or affect differentiation. Administering a chemical caspase-3 inhibitor demonstrated that complete enzyme inhibition was required to impair myogenesis. These results suggest that neither mitochondrial apoptotic signaling nor XIAP degradation is responsible for transient caspase-3 activation during C2C12 differentiation.
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