1
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Chen J, Wang Q, Li R, Li Z, Jiang Q, Yan F, Ye J. The role of sirtuins in the regulatin of oxidative stress during the progress and therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Life Sci 2023; 333:122187. [PMID: 37858715 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and impaired glucose homeostasis. Oxidative stress, arising from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defense systems, plays a significant role in the development and progression of T2DM. The sirtuin family, particularly Sirt1, Sirt3, and Sirt6, have emerged as key regulators of oxidative stress in various cellular processes. This review aims to explore the role of the sirtuin family in oxidative stress during the progression of T2DM and their potential as therapeutic targets. We discussed the mechanisms through which sirtuins modulate oxidative stress, their impact on insulin sensitivity, and beta-cell function involved in T2DM. Furthermore, we highlight drugs targeting sirtuin activation and related complications in T2DM. This review summarizes the role as well as mechanism of sirtuins in the regulation of oxidative stress in T2DM and available drugs targeting sirtuins in clinic, which may provide novel insights into the mechanism and therapy of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, PR China
| | - Ruiyan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qizhou Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Fangrong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Junmei Ye
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
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2
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Maresca C, Dello Stritto A, D'Angelo C, Petti E, Rizzo A, Vertecchi E, Berardinelli F, Bonanni L, Sgura A, Antoccia A, Graziani G, Biroccio A, Salvati E. PARP1 allows proper telomere replication through TRF1 poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation and helicase recruitment. Commun Biol 2023; 6:234. [PMID: 36864251 PMCID: PMC9981704 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at eukaryotic chromosome termini. Their stability is preserved by a six-protein complex named shelterin. Among these, TRF1 binds telomere duplex and assists DNA replication with mechanisms only partly clarified. Here we found that poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) interacts and covalently PARylates TRF1 in S-phase modifying its DNA affinity. Therefore, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of PARP1 impairs the dynamic association of TRF1 and the bromodeoxyuridine incorporation at replicating telomeres. Inhibition of PARP1 also affects the recruitment of WRN and BLM helicases in TRF1 containing complexes during S-phase, triggering replication-dependent DNA-damage and telomere fragility. This work unveils an unprecedented role for PARP1 as a "surveillant" of telomere replication, which orchestrates protein dynamics at proceeding replication fork.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Maresca
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - A Dello Stritto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Cavalli-Sforza", National Research Council, Via Abbiategrasso 207, Pavia, Italy
| | - C D'Angelo
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - E Petti
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - A Rizzo
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - E Vertecchi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | | | - L Bonanni
- Department of Biology, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - A Sgura
- Department of Biology, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - A Antoccia
- Department of Biology, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - G Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - A Biroccio
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - E Salvati
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
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3
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Dong XC. Sirtuin 6-A Key Regulator of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Liver Health. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040663. [PMID: 36831330 PMCID: PMC9954390 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is an NAD-dependent deacetylase/deacylase/mono-ADP ribosyltransferase, a member of the sirtuin protein family. SIRT6 has been implicated in hepatic lipid homeostasis and liver health. Hepatic lipogenesis is driven by several master regulators including liver X receptor (LXR), carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1). Interestingly, these three transcription factors can be negatively regulated by SIRT6 through direct deacetylation. Fatty acid oxidation is regulated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) in the liver. SIRT6 can promote fatty acid oxidation by the activation of PPARα or the suppression of miR-122. SIRT6 can also directly modulate acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 5 (ACSL5) activity for fatty acid oxidation. SIRT6 also plays a critical role in the regulation of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol through the regulation of SREBP2 and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), respectively. Hepatic deficiency of Sirt6 in mice has been shown to cause hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, hallmarks of alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. SIRT6 can dampen hepatic inflammation through the modulation of macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 type. Hepatic stellate cells are a key cell type in hepatic fibrogenesis. SIRT6 plays a strong anti-fibrosis role by the suppression of multiple fibrogenic pathways including the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-SMAD family proteins and Hippo pathways. The role of SIRT6 in liver cancer is quite complicated, as both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting activities have been documented in the literature. Overall, SIRT6 has multiple salutary effects on metabolic homeostasis and liver health, and it may serve as a therapeutic target for hepatic metabolic diseases. To date, numerous activators and inhibitors of SIRT6 have been developed for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Charlie Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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4
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He Y, Su Y, Duan C, Wang S, He W, Zhang Y, An X, He M. Emerging role of aging in the progression of NAFLD to HCC. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101833. [PMID: 36565959 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With the aging of global population, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has surged in recent decades. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease that follows a progressive course, ranging from simple fatty liver, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is well established that aging induces pathological changes in liver and potentiates the occurrence and progression of NAFLD, HCC and other age-related liver diseases. Studies of senescent cells also indicate a pivotal engagement in the development of NAFLD via diverse mechanisms. Moreover, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), silence information regulator protein family (sirtuins), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) are three vital and broadly studied targets involved in aging process and NAFLD. Nevertheless, the crucial role of these aging-associated factors in aging-related NAFLD remains underestimated. Here, we reviewed the current research on the roles of aging, cellular senescence and three aging-related factors in the evolution of NAFLD to HCC, aiming at inspiring promising therapeutic targets for aging-related NAFLD and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyuan He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghong Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengcheng Duan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Yingting Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei An
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ming He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
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5
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Telomere Status of Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Offers a Novel Promising Prognostic and Predictive Biomarker. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010290. [PMID: 36612286 PMCID: PMC9818321 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere length appears to correlate with survival in early non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the prognostic impact of telomere status in advanced NSCLC remains undetermined. Our purpose was to evaluate telomere parameters as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in advanced NSCLC. In 79 biopsies obtained before treatment, we analyzed the telomere length and expression of TERT and shelterin complex genes (TRF1, TRF2, POT1, TPP1, RAP1, and TIN2), using quantitative PCR. Non-responders to first-line chemotherapy were characterized by shorter telomeres and low RAP1 expression (p = 0.0035 and p = 0.0069), and tended to show higher TERT levels (p = 0.058). In multivariate analysis, short telomeres were associated with reduced event-free (EFS, p = 0.0023) and overall survival (OS, p = 0.00041). TERT and TRF2 overexpression correlated with poor EFS (p = 0.0069 and p = 0.00041) and OS (p = 0.0051 and p = 0.007). Low RAP1 and TIN2 expression-levels were linked to reduced EFS (p = 0.00032 and p = 0.0069) and OS (p = 0.000051 and p = 0.02). Short telomeres were also associated with decreased survival after nivolumab therapy (p = 0.097). Evaluation of telomere status in advanced NSCLC emerges as a useful biomarker that allows for the selection of patient groups with different clinical evolutions, to establish personalized treatment.
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6
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Guo Z, Li P, Ge J, Li H. SIRT6 in Aging, Metabolism, Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1787-1822. [PMID: 36465178 PMCID: PMC9662279 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important NAD+-dependent enzyme, SIRT6 has received significant attention since its discovery. In view of observations that SIRT6-deficient animals exhibit genomic instability and metabolic disorders and undergo early death, SIRT6 has long been considered a protein of longevity. Recently, growing evidence has demonstrated that SIRT6 functions as a deacetylase, mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase and long fatty deacylase and participates in a variety of cellular signaling pathways from DNA damage repair in the early stage to disease progression. In this review, we elaborate on the specific substrates and molecular mechanisms of SIRT6 in various physiological and pathological processes in detail, emphasizing its links to aging (genomic damage, telomere integrity, DNA repair), metabolism (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, insulin secretion and lipid synthesis, lipolysis, thermogenesis), inflammation and cardiovascular diseases (atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury). In addition, the most recent advances regarding SIRT6 modulators (agonists and inhibitors) as potential therapeutic agents for SIRT6-mediated diseases are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Iachettini S, Ciccarone F, Maresca C, D' Angelo C, Petti E, Di Vito S, Ciriolo MR, Zizza P, Biroccio A. The telomeric protein TERF2/TRF2 impairs HMGB1-driven autophagy. Autophagy 2022:1-12. [PMID: 36310382 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2138687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
TERF2/TRF2 is a pleiotropic telomeric protein that plays a crucial role in tumor formation and progression through several telomere-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Here, we uncovered a novel function for this protein in regulating the macroautophagic/autophagic process upon different stimuli. By using both biochemical and cell biology approaches, we found that TERF2 binds to the non-histone chromatin-associated protein HMGB1, and this interaction is functional to the nuclear/cytoplasmic protein localization. Specifically, silencing of TERF2 alters the redox status of the cells, further exacerbated upon EBSS nutrient starvation, promoting the cytosolic translocation and the autophagic activity of HMGB1. Conversely, overexpression of wild-type TERF2, but not the mutant unable to bind HMGB1, negatively affects the cytosolic translocation of HMGB1, counteracting the stimulatory effect of EBSS starvation. Moreover, genetic depletion of HMGB1 or treatment with inflachromene, a specific inhibitor of its cytosolic translocation, completely abolished the pro-autophagic activity of TERF2 silencing. In conclusion, our data highlighted a novel mechanism through which TERF2 modulates the autophagic process, thus demonstrating the key role of the telomeric protein in regulating a process that is fundamental, under both physiological and pathological conditions, in defining the fate of the cells.Abbreviations: ALs: autolysosomes; ALT: alternative lengthening of telomeres; ATG: autophagy related; ATM: ATM serine/threonine kinase; CQ: Chloroquine; DCFDA: 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate; DDR: DNA damage response; DHE: dihydroethidium; EBSS: Earle's balanced salt solution; FACS: fluorescence-activated cell sorting; GFP: green fluorescent protein; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; GSH: reduced glutathione; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; HMGB1: high mobility group box 1; ICM: inflachromene; IF: immunofluorescence; IP: immunoprecipitation; NAC: N-acetyl-L-cysteine; NHEJ: non-homologous end joining; PLA: proximity ligation assay; RFP: red fluorescent protein; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TIF: telomere-induced foci; TERF2/TRF2: telomeric repeat binding factor 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Iachettini
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciccarone
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Biochemistry of aging section, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmen Maresca
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmen D' Angelo
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Petti
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Di Vito
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Biochemistry of aging section, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Zizza
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Biroccio
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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8
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Nguyen LNT, Nguyen LN, Zhao J, Schank M, Dang X, Cao D, Khanal S, Wu XY, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Ning S, Wang L, El Gazzar M, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ. TRF2 inhibition rather than telomerase disruption drives CD4T cell dysfunction during chronic viral infection. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275609. [PMID: 35660868 PMCID: PMC9377711 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of telomerase and telomere repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2 or TERF2) in T-cell dysfunction in chronic viral infection. We found that the expression and activity of telomerase in CD4+ T (CD4T) cells from patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections or people living with HIV (PLWH) were intact, but TRF2 expression was significantly inhibited at the post-transcriptional level, suggesting that TRF2 inhibition is responsible for the CD4T cell dysfunction observed during chronic viral infection. Silencing TRF2 expression in CD4T cells derived from healthy subjects induced telomeric DNA damage and CD4T cell dysfunction without affecting telomerase activity or translocation - similar to what we observed in CD4T cells from HCV patients and PLWH. These findings indicate that premature T-cell aging and dysfunction during chronic HCV or HIV infection are primarily caused by chronic immune stimulation and T-cell overactivation and/or proliferation that induce telomeric DNA damage due to TRF2 inhibition, rather than telomerase disruption. This study suggests that restoring TRF2 presents a novel approach to prevent telomeric DNA damage and premature T-cell aging, thus rejuvenating T-cell functions during chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam Ngoc Thao Nguyen
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Lam Nhat Nguyen
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Juan Zhao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Madison Schank
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Xindi Dang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Dechao Cao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Sushant Khanal
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Xiao Y Wu
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Shunbin Ning
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Ling Wang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Mohamed El Gazzar
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Jonathan P Moorman
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, TN 37684, USA
| | - Zhi Q Yao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, TN 37684, USA
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9
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Su R, Wu X, Tao L, Wang C. The role of epigenetic modifications in Colorectal Cancer Metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:521-539. [PMID: 35429301 PMCID: PMC9338907 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-022-10163-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Distant metastasis is the major contributor to the high mortality rate of colorectal cancer (CRC). To overcome the poor prognosis caused by distant metastasis, the mechanisms of CRC metastasis should be further explored. Epigenetic events are the main mediators of gene regulation and further affect tumor progression. Recent studies have found that some epigenetic enzymes are often dysregulated or mutated in multiple tumor types, which prompted us to study the roles of these enzymes in CRC metastasis. In this review, we summarized the alteration of enzymes related to various modifications, including histone modification, nonhistone modification, DNA methylation, and RNA methylation, and their epigenetic mechanisms during the progression of CRC metastasis. Existing data suggest that targeting epigenetic enzymes is a promising strategy for the treatment of CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Su
- Department of pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinlin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, China
| | - Liang Tao
- Department of pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Changshan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
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10
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Vertecchi E, Rizzo A, Salvati E. Telomere Targeting Approaches in Cancer: Beyond Length Maintenance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073784. [PMID: 35409143 PMCID: PMC8998427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are crucial structures that preserve genome stability. Their progressive erosion over numerous DNA duplications determines the senescence of cells and organisms. As telomere length homeostasis is critical for cancer development, nowadays, telomere maintenance mechanisms are established targets in cancer treatment. Besides telomere elongation, telomere dysfunction impinges on intracellular signaling pathways, in particular DNA damage signaling and repair, affecting cancer cell survival and proliferation. This review summarizes and discusses recent findings in anticancer drug development targeting different “telosome” components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Vertecchi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Angela Rizzo
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Erica Salvati
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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11
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Raghu S, Prabhashankar AB, Shivanaiah B, Tripathi E, Sundaresan NR. Sirtuin 6 Is a Critical Epigenetic Regulator of Cancer. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:337-360. [PMID: 36301499 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a member of the mammalian sirtuin family with deacetylase, deacylase, and mono-ADP-ribosyl-transferase activities. It is a multitasking chromatin-associated protein regulating different cellular and physiological functions in cells. Specifically, SIRT6 dysfunction is implicated in several aging-related human diseases, including cancer. Studies indicate that SIRT6 has a tumor-specific role, and it is considered a tumor suppressor as well as a tumor growth inducer, depending on the type of cancer. In this chapter, we review the role of SIRT6 in metabolism, genomic stability, and cancer. Further, we provide an insight into the interplay of the tumor-suppressing and oncogenic roles of SIRT6 in cancer. Additionally, we discuss the use of small-molecule SIRT6 modulators as potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Raghu
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arathi Bangalore Prabhashankar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhoomika Shivanaiah
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ekta Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India.
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Nagalingam Ravi Sundaresan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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12
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Yang X, Feng J, Liang W, Zhu Z, Chen Z, Hu J, Yang D, Ding G. Roles of SIRT6 in kidney disease: a novel therapeutic target. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:53. [PMID: 34950960 PMCID: PMC11072764 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIRT6 is an NAD+ dependent deacetylase that belongs to the mammalian sirtuin family. SIRT6 is mainly located in the nucleus and regulates chromatin remodeling, genome stability, and gene transcription. SIRT6 extensively participates in various physiological activities such as DNA repair, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. In recent years, the role of epigenetics such as acetylation modification in renal disease has gradually received widespread attention. SIRT6 reduces oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal fibrosis, which is of great importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis and delaying the chronic progression of kidney disease. Here, we review the structure and biological function of SIRT6 and summarize the regulatory mechanisms of SIRT6 in kidney disease. Moreover, the role of SIRT6 as a potential therapeutic target for the progression of kidney disease will be discussed. SIRT6 plays an important role in kidney disease. SIRT6 regulates mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial biogenesis, induces G2/M cycle arrest, and plays an antioxidant role in nephrotoxicity, IR, obstructive nephropathy, and sepsis-induced AKI. SIRT6 prevents and delays progressive CKD induced by hyperglycemia, kidney senescence, hypertension, and lipid accumulation by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis, and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrosis effects. Additionally, hypoxia, inflammation, and fibrosis are the main mechanisms of the AKI-to-CKD transition. SIRT6 plays a critical role in the AKI-to-CKD transition and kidney repair through anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. AKI Acute kidney injury, CKD Chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zijing Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhaowei Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jijia Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dingping Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guohua Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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13
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Korotkov A, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V. Sirtuin 6: linking longevity with genome and epigenome stability. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:994-1006. [PMID: 34281779 PMCID: PMC8903056 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) has been in the spotlight of aging research because progeroid phenotypes are associated with SIRT6 deficiency. SIRT6 has multiple molecular functions, including DNA repair and heterochromatin regulation, which position SIRT6 as a hub that regulates genome and epigenome stability. Genomic instability caused by persistent DNA damage and accumulating mutations, together with alterations in the epigenetic landscape and derepression of repetitive genetic elements, have emerged as mechanisms driving organismal aging. Enhanced levels of SIRT6 expression or activity provide avenues for rejuvenation strategies. This review focuses on the role of SIRT6 in the maintenance of genome and epigenome stability and its link to longevity. We propose a model where SIRT6 together with lamins control aging and rejuvenation by maintaining epigenetic silencing of repetitive elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Korotkov
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA,Correspondence: or
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA,Correspondence: or
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14
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Cao K, Chen Y, Zhao S, Huang Y, Liu T, Liu H, Li B, Cui J, Cai J, Bai C, Yang Y, Gao F. Sirt3 Promoted DNA Damage Repair and Radioresistance Through ATM-Chk2 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2021; 12:5464-5472. [PMID: 34405009 PMCID: PMC8364660 DOI: 10.7150/jca.53173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Radiotherapy is an indispensable approach for lung cancer, especially for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high incidence and mortality. However, cellular resistance to ionizing radiation often results in failure in treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of Sirt3 in radiotherapy on NSCLC. Materials and Methods: Resected samples from 80 pairs of lung cancer was used to prepare tissue array and Sirt3 was stained with immunochemical method. Cell survival as well as apoptosis assay were used to determine the cellular radiosensitivity. Moreover, DNA damage was evaluated by using γ-H2AX foci. Finally, an in situ lung cancer model to test the radiosensitivity in vivo. Results: Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) was found upregulated in NSCLC cell lines, as well as lung cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. Knockdown of Sirt3 significantly increased radiation-induced cell apoptosis, and increased cell survival efficacy. In contrast, Sirt3 overexpression promoted radioresistance in lung cancer cells. Sirt3 knockdown also aggravated the G2/M cell cycle arrest caused by irradiation. Furthermore, Sirt3 was found to be critical for the activation of ATM-Chk2 pathway upon irradiation. Finally, our in vivo model showed that targeting Sirt3 significantly sensitized lung cancer to radiotherapy. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings identified a significant role of Sirt3 in radioresistanct of NSCLC, which provides novel mechanism as well as target for radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Cao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Songyun Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Yijuan Huang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China.,The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Bailong Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Cui
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Cai
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China.,School of Public Health & Management Wenzhou Medical University, P.R China
| | - Chong Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyong Yang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Gao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
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15
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Abstract
![]()
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6)
is an NAD+-dependent protein deacylase
and mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase of the sirtuin family with a wide
substrate specificity. In vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that SIRT6 overexpression or activation has
beneficial effects for cellular processes such as DNA repair, metabolic
regulation, and aging. On the other hand, SIRT6 has contrasting roles
in cancer, acting either as a tumor suppressor or promoter in a context-specific
manner. Given its central role in cellular homeostasis, SIRT6 has
emerged as a promising target for the development of small-molecule
activators and inhibitors possessing a therapeutic potential in diseases
ranging from cancer to age-related disorders. Moreover, specific modulators
allow the molecular details of SIRT6 activity to be scrutinized and
further validate the enzyme as a pharmacological target. In this Perspective,
we summarize the current knowledge about SIRT6 pharmacology and medicinal
chemistry and describe the features of the activators and inhibitors
identified so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fiorentino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry & Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry & Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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16
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Ali S, Lombardi EP, Ghosh D, Jia T, Vitry G, Saker L, Poupon J, Teulade-Fichou MP, Nicolas A, Londono-Vallejo A, Bombard S. Pt-ttpy, a G-quadruplex binding platinum complex, induces telomere dysfunction and G-rich regions DNA damage. Metallomics 2021; 13:6280987. [PMID: 34021581 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Pt-ttpy (tolyl terpyridin-Pt complex) covalently binds to G-quadruplex (G4) structures in vitro and to telomeres in cellulo via its Pt moiety. Here, we identified its targets in the human genome, in comparison to Pt-tpy, its derivative without G4 affinity, and cisplatin. Pt-ttpy, but not Pt-tpy, induces the release of the shelterin protein TRF2 from telomeres concomitantly to the formation of DNA damage foci at telomeres but also at other chromosomal locations. γ-H2AX chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-seq) after treatment with Pt-ttpy or cisplatin revealed accumulation in G- and A-rich tandemly repeated sequences, but not particularly in potential G4 forming sequences. Collectively, Pt-ttpy presents dual targeting efficiency on DNA, by inducing telomere dysfunction and genomic DNA damage at specific loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Ali
- INSERM UMRS 1007, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Emilia Puig Lombardi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3244, Sorbonne Université, Telomeres and Cancer lab, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Deepanjan Ghosh
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR9187-INSERMU1196, CMBC, 91405 Orsay, France.,Institut Curie, CNRS UMR9187-INSERMU1196, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Tao Jia
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR9187-INSERMU1196, CMBC, 91405 Orsay, France.,Institut Curie, CNRS UMR9187-INSERMU1196, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | | | - Lina Saker
- INSERM UMRS 1007, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Joël Poupon
- Hôpital Lariboisière, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Biologique, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Paule Teulade-Fichou
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR9187-INSERMU1196, CMBC, 91405 Orsay, France.,Institut Curie, CNRS UMR9187-INSERMU1196, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Alain Nicolas
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3244, Sorbonne Université, Telomeres and Cancer lab, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Arturo Londono-Vallejo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3244, Sorbonne Université, Telomeres and Cancer lab, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Bombard
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR9187-INSERMU1196, CMBC, 91405 Orsay, France.,Institut Curie, CNRS UMR9187-INSERMU1196, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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17
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Li X, Liu L, Li T, Liu M, Wang Y, Ma H, Mu N, Wang H. SIRT6 in Senescence and Aging-Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641315. [PMID: 33855020 PMCID: PMC8039379 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT6 belongs to the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases and has established diverse roles in aging, metabolism and disease. Its function is similar to the Silent Information Regulator 2 (SIR2), which prolongs lifespan and regulates genomic stability, telomere integrity, transcription, and DNA repair. It has been demonstrated that increasing the sirtuin level through genetic manipulation extends the lifespan of yeast, nematodes and flies. Deficiency of SIRT6 induces chronic inflammation, autophagy disorder and telomere instability. Also, these cellular processes can lead to the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as atherosclerosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Herein, we discuss the implications of SIRT6 regulates multiple cellular processes in cell senescence and aging-related CVDs, and we summarize clinical application of SIRT6 agonists and possible therapeutic interventions in aging-related CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Li
- Department of Cardiology, China Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Manling Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yishi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Heng Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Mu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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18
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The Two-Faced Role of SIRT6 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051156. [PMID: 33800266 PMCID: PMC7962659 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer therapy relies on the employment of different strategies aimed at inducing cancer cell death through different mechanisms, including DNA damage and apoptosis induction. One of the key regulators of these pathways is the epigenetic enzyme SIRT6, which has been shown to have a dichotomous function in cell fate determination and, consequently, cancer initiation and progression. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge on the role of SIRT6 in cancer. We show that it can act as both tumor suppressor and promoter, even in the same cancer type, depending on the biological context. We then describe the most promising modulators of SIRT6 which, through enzyme activation or inhibition, may impair tumor growth. These molecules can also be used for the elucidation of SIRT6 function, thereby advancing the current knowledge on this crucial protein. Abstract Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a NAD+-dependent nuclear deacylase and mono-ADP-ribosylase with a wide spectrum of substrates. Through its pleiotropic activities, SIRT6 modulates either directly or indirectly key processes linked to cell fate determination and oncogenesis such as DNA damage repair, metabolic homeostasis, and apoptosis. SIRT6 regulates the expression and activity of both pro-apoptotic (e.g., Bax) and anti-apoptotic factors (e.g., Bcl-2, survivin) in a context-depending manner. Mounting evidence points towards a double-faced involvement of SIRT6 in tumor onset and progression since the block or induction of apoptosis lead to opposite outcomes in cancer. Here, we discuss the features and roles of SIRT6 in the regulation of cell death and cancer, also focusing on recently discovered small molecule modulators that can be used as chemical probes to shed further light on SIRT6 cancer biology and proposed as potential new generation anticancer therapeutics.
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19
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He T, Shang J, Gao C, Guan X, Chen Y, Zhu L, Zhang L, Zhang C, Zhang J, Pang T. A novel SIRT6 activator ameliorates neuroinflammation and ischemic brain injury via EZH2/FOXC1 axis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:708-726. [PMID: 33777677 PMCID: PMC7982432 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide with limited medications and neuroinflammation was recognized as a critical player in the progression of stroke, but how to control the overactive neuroinflammation is still a long-standing challenge. Here, we designed a novel SIRT6 activator MDL-811 which remarkably inhibited inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and primary mouse microglia, which were abolished by silencing SIRT6. RNA-seq screening identified the forkhead box C1 (Foxc1) is a key gene evoked by MDL-811 stimulation and is required for the anti-inflammatory effects of MDL-811. We found MDL-811-activated SIRT6 directly interacted with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and promoted deacetylation of EZH2 which could bind to the promoter of Foxc1 and upregulate its expression to modulate inflammation. Moreover, our data demonstrated that MDL-811 not only ameliorated sickness behaviors in neuroinflammatory mice induced by LPS, but also markedly reduced the brain injury in ischemic stroke mice in addition to promoting long-term functional recovery. Importantly, MDL-811 also exhibited strong anti-inflammatory effects in human monocytes isolated from ischemic stroke patients, underlying an interesting translational perspective. Taken together, MDL-811 could be an alternative therapeutic candidate for ischemic stroke and other brain disorders associated with neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tailin He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jialin Shang
- Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chenglong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yingyi Chen
- Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liwen Zhu
- Department of Neurology of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cunjin Zhang
- Department of Neurology of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tao Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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20
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Li Y, Miao Y, Chen J, Xiong B. SIRT6 Maintains Redox Homeostasis to Promote Porcine Oocyte Maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:625540. [PMID: 33718364 PMCID: PMC7947247 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.625540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT6, the sixth member of the sirtuin family proteins, has been characterized as a crucial regulator in multiple molecular pathways related to aging, including genome stability, DNA damage repair, telomere maintenance, and inflammation. However, the exact roles of SIRT6 during female germ cell development have not yet been fully determined. Here, we assessed the acquisition of meiotic competency of porcine oocytes by inhibition of SIRT6 activity. We observed that SIRT6 inhibition led to the oocyte meiotic defects by showing the impairment of polar body extrusion and cumulus cell expansion. Meanwhile, the compromised spindle/chromosome structure and actin dynamics were also present in SIRT6-inhibited oocytes. Moreover, SIRT6 inhibition resulted in the defective cytoplasmic maturation by displaying the disturbed distribution dynamics of cortical granules and their content ovastacin. Notably, we identified that transcript levels of genes related to oocyte meiosis, oxidative phosphorylation, and cellular senescence were remarkably altered in SIRT6-inhibited oocytes by transcriptome analysis and validated that the meiotic defects caused by SIRT6 inhibition might result from the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced early apoptosis in oocytes. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that SIRT6 promotes the porcine oocyte meiotic maturation through maintaining the redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yilong Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyue Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Raj S, Dsouza LA, Singh SP, Kanwal A. Sirt6 Deacetylase: A Potential Key Regulator in the Prevention of Obesity, Diabetes and Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:598326. [PMID: 33442387 PMCID: PMC7797778 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.598326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins, NAD + dependent proteins belonging to class III histone deacetylases, are involved in regulating numerous cellular processes including cellular stress, insulin resistance, inflammation, mitochondrial biogenesis, chromatin silencing, cell cycle regulation, transcription, and apoptosis. Of the seven mammalian sirtuins present in humans, Sirt6 is an essential nuclear sirtuin. Until recently, Sirt6 was thought to regulate chromatin silencing, but new research indicates its role in aging, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, lipid metabolism, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Various murine models demonstrate that Sirt6 activation is beneficial in alleviating many disease conditions and increasing lifespan, showing that Sirt6 is a critical therapeutic target in the treatment of various disease conditions in humans. Sirt6 also regulates the pathogenesis of multiple diseases by acting on histone proteins and non-histone proteins. Endogenous and non-endogenous modulators regulate both activation and inhibition of Sirt6. Few Sirt6 specific non-endogenous modulators have been identified. Hence the identification of Sirt6 specific modulators may have potential therapeutic roles in the diseases described above. In this review, we describe the development of Sirt6, the role it plays in the human condition, the functional role and therapeutic importance in disease processes, and specific modulators and molecular mechanism of Sirt6 in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, cardiovascular disease, aging, and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Raj
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Liston Augustine Dsouza
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shailendra Pratap Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, India
| | - Abhinav Kanwal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bathinda, India
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22
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Wei H, Khawar MB, Tang W, Wang L, Wang L, Liu C, Jiang H, Li W. Sirt6 is required for spermatogenesis in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17099-17113. [PMID: 32915773 PMCID: PMC7521524 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SIRT6, a nuclear protein, has been implicated in a number of essential cellular processes, such as the DNA damage response, metabolic homeostasis, inflammation, tumorigenesis and aging. However, the role of Sirt6 in the regulation of spermatogenesis is yet unknown. In the present study, we successfully generated Sirt6-/- mice on a C57BL6/ICR mixed background and found that some Sirt6-/- mice survived beyond eight weeks. We further revealed that spermatogenesis in Sirt6-/- mice was arrested at the elongated spermatid stage. Sirt6-/- male mice were completely infertile and had an increased number of apoptotic spermatids. To our surprise, deacetylation activities of SIRT6 on H3K9ac, H3K18ac and H3K56c were not required for spermatogenesis. Therefore, our findings establish a novel link between Sirt6 and male fertility, suggesting an essential role of Sirt6 in spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Muhammad Babar Khawar
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenhao Tang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China,Department of Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China,Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China,Department of Human Sperm Bank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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23
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Cao H, Chen X, Wang Z, Wang L, Xia Q, Zhang W. The role of MDM2-p53 axis dysfunction in the hepatocellular carcinoma transformation. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:53. [PMID: 32595984 PMCID: PMC7305227 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death globally. The main histological subtype is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is derived from hepatocytes. According to the epidemiologic studies, the most important risk factors of HCC are chronic viral infections (HBV, HCV, and HIV) and metabolic disease (metabolic syndrome). Interestingly, these carcinogenic factors that contributed to HCC are associated with MDM2-p53 axis dysfunction, which presented with inactivation of p53 and overactivation of MDM2 (a transcriptional target and negative regulator of p53). Mechanically, the homeostasis of MDM2-p53 feedback loop plays an important role in controlling the initiation and progression of HCC, which has been found to be dysregulated in HCC tissues. To maintain long-term survival in hepatocytes, hepatitis viruses have lots of ways to destroy the defense strategies of hepatocytes by inducing TP53 mutation and silencing, promoting MDM2 overexpression, accelerating p53 degradation, and stabilizing MDM2. As a result, genetic instability, chronic ER stress, oxidative stress, energy metabolism switch, and abnormalities in antitumor genes can be induced, all of which might promote hepatocytes' transformation into hepatoma cells. In addition, abnormal proliferative hepatocytes and precancerous cells cannot be killed, because of hepatitis viruses-mediated exhaustion of Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and CD4+T cells by disrupting their MDM2-p53 axis. Moreover, inefficiency of hepatic immune response can be further aggravated when hepatitis viruses co-infected with HIV. Unlike with chronic viral infections, MDM2-p53 axis might play a dual role in glucolipid metabolism of hepatocytes, which presented with enhancing glucolipid catabolism, but promoting hepatocyte injury at the early and late stages of glucolipid metabolism disorder. Oxidative stress, fatty degeneration, and abnormal cell growth can be detected in hepatocytes that were suffering from glucolipid metabolism disorder, and all of which could contribute to HCC initiation. In this review, we focus on the current studies of the MDM2-p53 axis in HCC, and specifically discuss the impact of MDM2-p53 axis dysfunction by viral infection and metabolic disease in the transformation of normal hepatocytes into hepatoma cells. We also discuss the therapeutic avenues and potential targets that are being developed to normalize the MDM2-p53 axis in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- Department of Liver Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Putuo People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Liver Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Liver Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China
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24
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Dinami R, Porru M, Amoreo CA, Sperduti I, Mottolese M, Buglioni S, Marinelli D, Maugeri-Saccà M, Sacconi A, Blandino G, Leonetti C, Di Rocco G, Verdina A, Spinella F, Fiorentino F, Ciliberto G, Biroccio A, Zizza P. TRF2 and VEGF-A: an unknown relationship with prognostic impact on survival of colorectal cancer patients. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:111. [PMID: 32539869 PMCID: PMC7294609 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01612-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is one of most common tumors in developed countries and, despite improvements in treatment and diagnosis, mortality rate of patients remains high, evidencing the urgent need of novel biomarkers to properly identify colorectal cancer high-risk patients that would benefit of specific treatments. Recent works have demonstrated that the telomeric protein TRF2 is over-expressed in colorectal cancer and it promotes tumor formation and progression through extra-telomeric functions. Moreover, we and other groups evidenced, both in vitro on established cell lines and in vivo on tumor bearing mice, that TRF2 regulates the vascularization mediated by VEGF-A. In the present paper, our data evidence a tight correlation between TRF2 and VEGF-A with prognostic relevance in colorectal cancer patients. METHODS For this study we sampled 185 colorectal cancer patients surgically treated and diagnosed at the Regina Elena National Cancer Institute of Rome and investigated the association between the survival outcome and the levels of VEGF-A and TRF2. RESULTS Tissue microarray immunohistochemical analyses revealed that TRF2 positively correlates with VEGF-A expression in our cohort of patients. Moreover, analysis of patients' survival, confirmed in a larger dataset of patients from TCGA, demonstrated that co-expression of TRF2 and VEGF-A correlate with a poor clinical outcome in stage I-III colorectal cancer patients, regardless the mutational state of driver oncogenes. CONCLUSIONS Our results permitted to identify the positive correlation between high levels of TRF2 and VEGF-A as a novel prognostic biomarker for identifying the subset of high-risk colorectal cancer patients that could benefit of specific therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Dinami
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Porru
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Isabella Sperduti
- Department of Biostatistics, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Mottolese
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Buglioni
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Marinelli
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- Division of Medical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza - Università di Roma, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Leonetti
- SAFU, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Di Rocco
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Verdina
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Biroccio
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Zizza
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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25
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Ravi V, Jain A, Khan D, Ahamed F, Mishra S, Giri M, Inbaraj M, Krishna S, Sarikhani M, Maity S, Kumar S, Shah RA, Dave P, Pandit AS, Rajendran R, Desingu PA, Varshney U, Das S, Kolthur-Seetharam U, Rajakumari S, Singh M, Sundaresan NR. SIRT6 transcriptionally regulates global protein synthesis through transcription factor Sp1 independent of its deacetylase activity. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:9115-9131. [PMID: 31372634 PMCID: PMC6755095 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Global protein synthesis is emerging as an important player in the context of aging and age-related diseases. However, the intricate molecular networks that regulate protein synthesis are poorly understood. Here, we report that SIRT6, a nuclear-localized histone deacetylase represses global protein synthesis by transcriptionally regulating mTOR signalling via the transcription factor Sp1, independent of its deacetylase activity. Our results suggest that SIRT6 deficiency increases protein synthesis in mice. Further, multiple lines of in vitro evidence suggest that SIRT6 negatively regulates protein synthesis in a cell-autonomous fashion and independent of its catalytic activity. Mechanistically, SIRT6 binds to the zinc finger DNA binding domain of Sp1 and represses its activity. SIRT6 deficiency increased the occupancy of Sp1 at key mTOR signalling gene promoters resulting in enhanced expression of these genes and activation of the mTOR signalling pathway. Interestingly, inhibition of either mTOR or Sp1 abrogated the increased protein synthesis observed under SIRT6 deficient conditions. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of mTOR restored cardiac function in muscle-specific SIRT6 knockout mice, which spontaneously develop cardiac hypertrophy. Overall, these findings have unravelled a new layer of regulation of global protein synthesis by SIRT6, which can be potentially targeted to combat aging-associated diseases like cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatraman Ravi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Aditi Jain
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Danish Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Faiz Ahamed
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sneha Mishra
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Malyasree Giri
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Meena Inbaraj
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Swati Krishna
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mohsen Sarikhani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sangeeta Maity
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shweta Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Riyaz Ahmad Shah
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pratik Dave
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anwit S Pandit
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rajprabu Rajendran
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Perumal A Desingu
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Umesh Varshney
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Saumitra Das
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Sona Rajakumari
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.,NMR Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Nagalingam R Sundaresan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.,Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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26
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Zizza P, Dinami R, Porru M, Cingolani C, Salvati E, Rizzo A, D'Angelo C, Petti E, Amoreo CA, Mottolese M, Sperduti I, Chambery A, Russo R, Ostano P, Chiorino G, Blandino G, Sacconi A, Cherfils-Vicini J, Leonetti C, Gilson E, Biroccio A. TRF2 positively regulates SULF2 expression increasing VEGF-A release and activity in tumor microenvironment. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:3365-3382. [PMID: 30698737 PMCID: PMC6468246 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The telomeric protein TRF2 is overexpressed in several human malignancies and contributes to tumorigenesis even though the molecular mechanism is not completely understood. By using a high-throughput approach based on the multiplexed Luminex X-MAP technology, we demonstrated that TRF2 dramatically affects VEGF-A level in the secretome of cancer cells, promoting endothelial cell-differentiation and angiogenesis. The pro-angiogenic effect of TRF2 is independent from its role in telomere capping. Instead, TRF2 binding to a distal regulatory element promotes the expression of SULF2, an endoglucosamine-6-sulfatase that impairs the VEGF-A association to the plasma membrane by inducing post-synthetic modification of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Finally, we addressed the clinical relevance of our findings showing that TRF2/SULF2 expression is a worse prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Zizza
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Roberto Dinami
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Manuela Porru
- SAFU, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Chiara Cingolani
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Erica Salvati
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Angela Rizzo
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Carmen D'Angelo
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Eleonora Petti
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Carla Azzurra Amoreo
- Pathology, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Marcella Mottolese
- Pathology, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Isabella Sperduti
- Department of Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Angela Chambery
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Vivaldi 43, 80100 Caserta
| | - Rosita Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Vivaldi 43, 80100 Caserta
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900 Biella
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900 Biella
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Julien Cherfils-Vicini
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U108, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Medical School, Nice, France
| | - Carlo Leonetti
- SAFU, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Eric Gilson
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U108, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Medical School, Nice, France.,Department of Medical Genetics, Archet 2 Hospital, CHU of Nice, France
| | - Annamaria Biroccio
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
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27
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Chang AR, Ferrer CM, Mostoslavsky R. SIRT6, a Mammalian Deacylase with Multitasking Abilities. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:145-169. [PMID: 31437090 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian sirtuins have emerged in recent years as critical modulators of multiple biological processes, regulating cellular metabolism, DNA repair, gene expression, and mitochondrial biology. As such, they evolved to play key roles in organismal homeostasis, and defects in these proteins have been linked to a plethora of diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and aging. In this review, we describe the multiple roles of SIRT6, a chromatin deacylase with unique and important functions in maintaining cellular homeostasis. We attempt to provide a framework for such different functions, for the ability of SIRT6 to interconnect chromatin dynamics with metabolism and DNA repair, and the open questions the field will face in the future, particularly in the context of putative therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Chang
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christina M Ferrer
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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28
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Cao D, Zhao J, Nguyan LN, Nguyen LNT, Khanal S, Dang X, Schank M, Chand Thakuri BK, Wu XY, Morrison ZD, El Gazzar M, Zou Y, Ning S, Wang L, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ. Disruption of Telomere Integrity and DNA Repair Machineries by KML001 Induces T Cell Senescence, Apoptosis, and Cellular Dysfunctions. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1152. [PMID: 31191531 PMCID: PMC6540964 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells in chronic viral infections are featured by premature aging with accelerated telomere erosion, but the mechanisms underlying telomere attrition remain unclear. Here, we employed human CD4 T cells treated with KML001 (a telomere-targeting drug) as a model to investigate the role of telomere integrity in remodeling T cell senescence. We demonstrated that KML001 could inhibit cell proliferation, cytokine production, and promote apoptosis via disrupting telomere integrity and DNA repair machineries. Specifically, KML001-treated T cells increased dysfunctional telomere-induced foci (TIF), DNA damage marker γH2AX, and topoisomerase cleavage complex (TOPcc) accumulation, leading to telomere attrition. Mechanistically, KML001 compromised telomere integrity by inhibiting telomeric repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2), telomerase, topoisomerase I and II alpha (Top1/2a), and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase activities. Importantly, these KML001-induced telomeric DNA damage and T cell senescent phenotype and machineries recapitulated our findings in patients with clinical HCV or HIV infection in that their T cells were also senescent with short telomeres and thus more vulnerable to KML001-induced apoptosis. These results shed new insights on the T cell aging network that is critical and essential in protecting chromosomal telomeres from unwanted DNA damage and securing T cell survival during cell crisis upon genomic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Cao
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Juan Zhao
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Lam N. Nguyan
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Lam N. T. Nguyen
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Sushant Khanal
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Xindi Dang
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Madison Schank
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Bal K. Chand Thakuri
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Xiao Y. Wu
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Zheng D. Morrison
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Mohamed El Gazzar
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Yue Zou
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Shunbin Ning
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Ling Wang
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Moorman
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson, TN, United States
| | - Zhi Q. Yao
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson, TN, United States
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29
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Kosciuk T, Wang M, Hong JY, Lin H. Updates on the epigenetic roles of sirtuins. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 51:18-29. [PMID: 30875552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a class of enzyme with NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylase activities. They were initially discovered to regulate transcription and life span via histone deacetylase activities. Later studies expanded their activities to other proteins and acyl lysine modifications. Through deacylating various substrate proteins, they regulate many biological processes, including transcription, DNA repair and genome stability, metabolism, and signal transduction. Here, we review recent understandings of the epigenetic functions (broadly defined to include transcriptional, post-transcriptional regulation, and DNA repair) of mammalian sirtuins. Because of the important functions of sirtuins, their own regulation is of great interest and is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Kosciuk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jun Young Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Cacchione S, Biroccio A, Rizzo A. Emerging roles of telomeric chromatin alterations in cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:21. [PMID: 30654820 PMCID: PMC6337846 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres, the nucleoprotein structures that cap the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, play important and multiple roles in tumorigenesis. Functional telomeres need the establishment of a protective chromatin structure based on the interplay between the specific complex named shelterin and a tight nucleosomal organization. Telomere shortening in duplicating somatic cells leads eventually to the destabilization of the telomere capping structure and to the activation of a DNA damage response (DDR) signaling. The final outcome of this process is cell replicative senescence, which constitute a protective barrier against unlimited proliferation. Cells that can bypass senescence checkpoint continue to divide until a second replicative checkpoint, crisis, characterized by chromosome fusions and rearrangements leading to massive cell death by apoptosis. During crisis telomere dysfunctions can either inhibit cell replication or favor tumorigenesis by the accumulation of chromosomal rearrangements and neoplastic mutations. The acquirement of a telomere maintenance mechanism allows fixing the aberrant phenotype, and gives the neoplastic cell unlimited replicative potential, one of the main hallmarks of cancer.Despite the crucial role that telomeres play in cancer development, little is known about the epigenetic alterations of telomeric chromatin that affect telomere protection and are associated with tumorigenesis. Here we discuss the current knowledge on the role of telomeric chromatin in neoplastic transformation, with a particular focus on H3.3 mutations in alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) cancers and sirtuin deacetylases dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cacchione
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Biroccio
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Rizzo
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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Telomeres in Plants and Humans: Not So Different, Not So Similar. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010058. [PMID: 30654521 PMCID: PMC6356271 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parallel research on multiple model organisms shows that while some principles of telomere biology are conserved among all eukaryotic kingdoms, we also find some deviations that reflect different evolutionary paths and life strategies, which may have diversified after the establishment of telomerase as a primary mechanism for telomere maintenance. Much more than animals, plants have to cope with environmental stressors, including genotoxic factors, due to their sessile lifestyle. This is, in principle, made possible by an increased capacity and efficiency of the molecular systems ensuring maintenance of genome stability, as well as a higher tolerance to genome instability. Furthermore, plant ontogenesis differs from that of animals in which tissue differentiation and telomerase silencing occur during early embryonic development, and the “telomere clock” in somatic cells may act as a preventive measure against carcinogenesis. This does not happen in plants, where growth and ontogenesis occur through the serial division of apical meristems consisting of a small group of stem cells that generate a linear series of cells, which differentiate into an array of cell types that make a shoot and root. Flowers, as generative plant organs, initiate from the shoot apical meristem in mature plants which is incompatible with the human-like developmental telomere shortening. In this review, we discuss differences between human and plant telomere biology and the implications for aging, genome stability, and cell and organism survival. In particular, we provide a comprehensive comparative overview of telomere proteins acting in humans and in Arabidopsis thaliana model plant, and discuss distinct epigenetic features of telomeric chromatin in these species.
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Li Z, Huang J, Shen S, Ding Z, Luo Q, Chen Z, Lu S. SIRT6 drives epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer via snail-dependent transrepression of KLF4. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:323. [PMID: 30577808 PMCID: PMC6303940 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to the invasion and metastasis of epithelial tumors. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), an NAD-dependent deacetylase, is known to promote metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS In this work, we determined the role of SIRT6 in the EMT of NSCLC cells and identified the key EMT-related genes involved in the oncogenic activity of SIRT6. RESULTS We report that depletion of SIRT6 inhibits transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT in A549 and H1299 NSCLC cells, which is rescued by ectopic expression of SIRT6. Knockdown of SIRT6 leads to a reduction in Snail protein without affecting the mRNA level. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate a physical association between SIRT6 and Snail. SIRT6 deacetylates Snail and prevents its proteasomal degradation. Silencing of Snail blunts SIRT6-induced NSCLC cell migration and invasion, while overexpression of Snail restores the invasion and EMT in SIRT6-depleted NSCLC cells. SIRT6 depletion leads to an upregulation of kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and reduced Snail binding to the promoter of Klf4 in NSCLC cells. Knockdown of KLF4 rescues the invasive capacity in SIRT6-depleted NSCLC cells. Conversely, co-expression of KLF4 impairs SIRT6-induced aggressive behavior. In vivo data further demonstrate that SIRT6-induced NSCLC metastasis is antagonized by overexpression of KLF4. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide mechanistic insights into the pro-metastatic activity of SIRT6 and highlight the role of the SIRT6/Snail/KLF4 axis in regulating EMT and invasion of NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Li
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengping Shen
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenping Ding
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingquan Luo
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shun Lu
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Iachettini S, Trisciuoglio D, Rotili D, Lucidi A, Salvati E, Zizza P, Di Leo L, Del Bufalo D, Ciriolo MR, Leonetti C, Steegborn C, Mai A, Rizzo A, Biroccio A. Pharmacological activation of SIRT6 triggers lethal autophagy in human cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:996. [PMID: 30250025 PMCID: PMC6155207 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a member of the NAD+-dependent class III deacetylase sirtuin family, which plays a key role in cancer by controlling transcription, genome stability, telomere integrity, DNA repair, and autophagy. Here we analyzed the molecular and biological effects of UBCS039, the first synthetic SIRT6 activator. Our data demonstrated that UBCS039 induced a time-dependent activation of autophagy in several human tumor cell lines, as evaluated by increased content of the lipidated form of LC3B by western blot and of autophagosomal puncta by microscopy analysis of GFP-LC3. UBCS039-mediated activation of autophagy was strictly dependent on SIRT6 deacetylating activity since the catalytic mutant H133Y failed to activate autophagy. At the molecular level, SIRT6-mediated autophagy was triggered by an increase of ROS levels, which, in turn, resulted in the activation of the AMPK-ULK1-mTOR signaling pathway. Interestingly, antioxidants were able to completely counteract UBCS039-induced autophagy, suggesting that ROS burst had a key role in upstream events leading to autophagy commitment. Finally, sustained activation of SIRT6 resulted in autophagy-related cell death, a process that was markedly attenuated using either a pan caspases inhibitor (zVAD-fmk) or an autophagy inhibitor (CQ). Overall, our results identified UBCS039 as an efficient SIRT6 activator, thereby providing a proof of principle that modulation of the enzyme can influence therapeutic strategy by enhancing autophagy-dependent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Iachettini
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR National Research Council, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Lucidi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Erica Salvati
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Zizza
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Di Leo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Leonetti
- SAFU, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Rizzo
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Biroccio
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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Tian J, Yuan L. Sirtuin 6 inhibits colon cancer progression by modulating PTEN/AKT signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:109-116. [PMID: 29957460 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased expression of the tumor suppressor sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) protein plays a role in tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SIRT6 and its underlying mechanism in colon cancer progression. As shown by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), SIRT6 expression was down-regulated in colon cancer tissues and different colon cancer cell lines, and down-regulation of SIRT6 showed a negative correlation with the overall survival of colon cancer patients. To assess the effects of SIRT6 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), flow cytometry, transwell, and wound healing assays were carried out, respectively. Results demonstrated that over-expression of SIRT6 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and enhanced cell apoptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and Western blotting showed that up-regulation of SIRT6 increased the combined quantity of PTEN with SIRT6 proteins, and promoted the expression of PTEN and PIP2, as well as the stability of PTEN. SIRT6 also reduced the ubiquitination of PTEN and decreased protein levels of AKT1, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3), mTOR, cyclin d1, and c-myc. In addition, compared with cells over-expressed SIRT6, cell apoptosis was repressed and cell proliferation and tumorigenesis were enhanced in cells with SIRT6 over-expression and PTEN knockdown. In conclusion, the present study confirms that SIRT6 functions as a tumor suppressor gene in colon cancer by modulating PTEN/AKT signaling, which may provide a novel target for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Tian
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Leilei Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272000, China. 13905370037.@163.com
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Li N, Mao D, Cao Y, Li H, Ren F, Li K. Downregulation of SIRT6 by miR-34c-5p is associated with poor prognosis and promotes colon cancer proliferation through inhibiting apoptosis via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1515-1527. [PMID: 29512698 PMCID: PMC5873872 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a member of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide positivity-dependent class III deacetylase sirtuin family. The present study aimed to explore the expression and function of SIRT6 in colon cancer. Furthermore, the partial mechanism underlying the dysregulation of SIRT6 was investigated. The results of immunohistochemistry demonstrated that SIRT6 was markedly downregulated in colon cancer tissues, and patients with high SIRT6 expression had a better prognosis than those who did not. The proliferation and apoptotic assays demonstrated that SIRT6 was able to suppress colon cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis via the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are important non-coding RNAs, which have a critical role in the negative regulation of their target genes. Through bioinformatics analysis and further experiments, the results demonstrated that miR-34c-5p was not only dysregulated in colon cancer tissues but may also regulate SIRT6 expression via interaction with the 3′-untranslated region of SIRT6 mRNA. The proliferation and apoptotic assays indicated that miR-34c-5p could directly promote cell growth and inhibit apoptosis via activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, which was similar to silencing SIRT6. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that miR-34c-5p promoted colon cancer cell proliferation by targeting SIRT6 via activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. It may be hypothesized that SIRT6 is a potential biomarker for colon cancer prognosis, and the miR-34c-5p/SIRT6/JAK2/STAT3 axis may provide novel insights into colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Mao
- Department of Large Intestine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Yansha Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Fu Ren
- Department of Biological Anthropology Institute, College of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Keyan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
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Abstract
Sirt6 is one of the sirtuin family members, a kind of NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase and ADP-ribose transferase enzyme. It has an important role in physiological and pathological processes, regulating aging, cancer, obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, and energy metabolism. Recent studies have suggested that reduced Sirt6 action is related to obesity and diabetes. Aging and overnutrition, two major risk factors for obesity and diabetes, lead to decreased Sirt6 level and function, which results in abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. Whole-body ablation of Sirt6 in mice results in severe hypoglycemia. Sirt6 deficiency leads to liver steatosis and promotes diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Sirt6 has a protective effect on obesity and diabetes. This review surveys evidence for an emerging role of Sirt6 as a regulator of metabolism in mammals and summarizes its major functions in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangying Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhan He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhang L, Han B, Xiang J, Liu K, Dong H, Gao X. Silica nanoparticle releases SIRT6-induced epigenetic silencing of follistatin. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:27-34. [PMID: 29246685 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Follistatin (FST) plays a protective role during silica nanoparticle (SiO2 NP) exposure. SiO2 NP treatment induces FST transcription with an unknown mechanism. We herein reported that SIRT6, one of the sirtuin family members, induced epigenetic silencing of FST. The expression of FST was elevated after SIRT6 knockdown while reduced after SIRT6 overexpression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed a direct interaction between SIRT6 with FST promoter. Knockdown of SIRT6 increased both Ac-H3K9 level and Ac-H3K56 level at FST promoter region. SiO2 NP treatment de-stabilized SIRT6 mRNA and reduced SIRT6 expression, leading to the activation of FST transcription. Finally, over-expression of SIRT6 increased SiO2 NP-induced apoptosis. Collectively, this study provided evidence that SIRT6 is a negative regulator of FST transcription and participates in the regulation of cell survival during silica nanoparticle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingda Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Han
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangli Liu
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haojie Dong
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangwei Gao
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Abstract
Length of the telomere (TL), a structure at the tip of chromosome that protects and ensures stability, is determined by multi-protein complexes such as telosome/shelterin and telomerase. Earlier studies from our laboratory show that longer TL has potential to be positive predictive biomarker of clinical outcome to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody therapy in patients with KRAS WT metastatic colorectal cancer. Although there is extensive literature suggesting the role of shelterin and telomerase, not much literature exists that describes the role of EGFR and KRAS pathway in regulating TL. This detailed review focuses on an insight into various components, including proteins, enzymes and transcription factors, interlinking between EGFR pathways and telomerase that regulate TL.
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