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Gu Y, Ding C, Yu T, Liu B, Tang W, Wang Z, Tang X, Liang G, Peng J, Zhang X, Li Z. SIRT7 promotes Hippo/YAP activation and cancer cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma via suppressing MST1. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1209-1223. [PMID: 38288904 PMCID: PMC11006999 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activation of the oncogene YAP in the Hippo pathway is a major feature in liver cancer and inactivation of MST1/2 has been shown to be responsible for the overactivation of YAP that led to tumorigenesis. However, mechanisms underlying MST1/2 dysregulation remain poorly understood. RNA-seq analysis and genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were used to identify genes and pathways that were regulated by SIRT7. qRT-PCR, ChIP, and luciferase assay were used to investigate transcriptional regulation. Mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation and immunoprecipitation were used to exam protein-protein interaction and post-transcriptional modification. A xenograft mouse model was used to confirm the effect of SIRT7 and SIRT7 inhibitors on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) proliferation in vivo. We found that SIRT7 suppresses MST1 by both transcriptional regulation and post-transcriptional modification, which in turn promotes YAP nuclear localization and transcriptional activation in liver cancer. Mechanistically, we revealed that SIRT7 suppresses MST1 transcription by binding to the MST1 promoter and inducing H3K18 deacetylation in its promoter region. In addition, SIRT7 directly binds to and deacetylates MST1, which primes acetylation-dependent MST1 ubiquitination and protein degradation. In clinical samples, we confirmed a negative correlation between SIRT7 and MST1 protein levels, and high SIRT7 expression correlated with elevated YAP expression and nuclear localization. In addition, SIRT7 specific inhibitor 2800Z sufficiently inhibited HCC growth by disrupting the SIRT7/MST1/YAP axis. Our data thus revealed the previously undescribed function of SIRT7 in regulating the Hippo pathway in HCC and further proved that targeting SIRT7 might provide novel therapeutic options for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Gu
- The Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, and The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal University School of MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Cong Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, and The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal University School of MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Tingzi Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, and The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal University School of MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Bohao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, and The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal University School of MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Wenbin Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, and The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal University School of MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, and The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal University School of MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xiaohui Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, and The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal University School of MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Gaoshuang Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, and The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal University School of MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jinying Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, and The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal University School of MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xiangwen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, and The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal University School of MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, and The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal University School of MedicineChangshaHunanChina
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Ianni A, Kumari P, Tarighi S, Braun T, Vaquero A. SIRT7: a novel molecular target for personalized cancer treatment? Oncogene 2024; 43:993-1006. [PMID: 38383727 PMCID: PMC10978493 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The Sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent enzymes assumes a pivotal role in orchestrating adaptive responses to environmental fluctuations and stress stimuli, operating at both genomic and metabolic levels. Within this family, SIRT7 emerges as a versatile player in tumorigenesis, displaying both pro-tumorigenic and tumor-suppressive functions in a context-dependent manner. While other sirtuins, such as SIRT1 and SIRT6, exhibit a similar dual role in cancer, SIRT7 stands out due to distinctive attributes that sharply distinguish it from other family members. Among these are a unique key role in regulation of nucleolar functions, a close functional relationship with RNA metabolism and processing -exceptional among sirtuins- and a complex multienzymatic nature, which provides a diverse range of molecular targets. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the role of SIRT7 in various malignancies, placing particular emphasis on the intricate molecular mechanisms employed by SIRT7 to either stimulate or counteract tumorigenesis. Additionally, it delves into the unique features of SIRT7, discussing their potential and specific implications in tumor initiation and progression, underscoring the promising avenue of targeting SIRT7 for the development of innovative anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ianni
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08916, Spain.
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.
| | - Poonam Kumari
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Shahriar Tarighi
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Alejandro Vaquero
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08916, Spain.
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Tran K, Gilbert M, Vazquez BN, Ianni A, Garcia BA, Vaquero A, Berger S. SIRT7 regulates NUCKS1 chromatin binding to elicit metabolic and inflammatory gene expression in senescence and liver aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.05.578810. [PMID: 38370824 PMCID: PMC10871251 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.05.578810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Sirtuins, a class of highly conserved histone/protein deacetylases, are heavily implicated in senescence and aging. The regulation of sirtuin proteins is tightly controlled both transcriptionally and translationally and via localization within the cell. While Sirtiun proteins are implicated with aging, how their levels are regulated during aging across cell types and eliciting tissue specific age-related cellular changes is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that SIRT7 is targeted for degradation during senescence and liver aging. To uncover the significance of SIRT7 loss, we performed proteomics analysis and identified a new SIRT7 interactor, the HMG box protein NUCKS1. We found that the NUCKS1 transcription factor is recruited onto chromatin during senescence and this is mediated by SIRT7 loss. Further, depletion of NUCKS1 delayed senescence upon DNA damage leading to reduction of inflammatory gene expression. Examination of NUCKS1 transcriptional regulation during senescence revealed gene targets of transcription factors NFKB1, RELA, and CEBPβ. Consistently, in both Sirt7 KO mouse liver and in naturally aged livers, Nucks1 was recruited to chromatin. Further, Nucks1 was bound at promoters and enhancers of age-related genes, including transcription factor Rela, and, moreover, these bound sites had increased accessibility during aging. Overall, our results uncover NUCKS1 as a novel interactor of SIRT7, and show that loss of SIRT7 during senescence and liver aging promotes NUCKS1 chromatin binding to regulate metabolic and inflammatory genes.
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Zhao T, Zhu H, Zou T, Zhao S, Zhou L, Ni M, Liu F, Zhu H, Dou X, Di J, Xu B, Wang L, Zou X. DDX3X interacts with SIRT7 to promote PD-L1 expression to facilitate PDAC progression. Oncogenesis 2024; 13:8. [PMID: 38316768 PMCID: PMC10844636 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-024-00509-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is recognized as the most aggressive and fatal malignancy. A previous study reported that PDAC patients who exhibit elevated levels of DDX3X have a poor prognosis and low overall survival rate. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the specific roles of DDX3X in PDAC. Multiple bioinformatics analyses were used to evaluate DDX3X expression and its potential role in PDAC. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to assess the effects of DDX3X on PDAC cell growth. Furthermore, Western blotting, quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, mass spectrometry, coimmunoprecipitation and multiplexed immunohistochemical staining were conducted to identify the specific regulatory mechanism in PDAC. The results verified that DDX3X expression is notably upregulated in the tumor tissue vs. normal tissue of PDAC patients. DDX3X knockdown markedly suppressed the proliferation, invasion and migration of PDAC cells in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Conversely, overexpression of DDX3X induced the opposite effect. Further studies supported that the DDX3X protein can associate with sirtuin 7 (SIRT7) to stimulate PDAC carcinogenesis and progression. Furthermore, SIRT7 inhibition significantly impeded DDX3X-mediated tumor growth both ex vivo and in vivo. The results also revealed that programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is positively correlated with DDX3X expression. These results reveal significant involvement of the DDX3X-SIRT7 axis in the initiation and advancement of PDAC and offer previously undiscovered therapeutic options for PDAC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hanlong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Tianhui Zou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Si Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Muhan Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaotan Dou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jian Di
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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5
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Raza U, Tang X, Liu Z, Liu B. SIRT7: the seventh key to unlocking the mystery of aging. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:253-280. [PMID: 37676263 PMCID: PMC11281815 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00044.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a chronic yet natural physiological decline of the body. Throughout life, humans are continuously exposed to a variety of exogenous and endogenous stresses, which engender various counteractive responses at the cellular, tissue, organ, as well as organismal levels. The compromised cellular and tissue functions that occur because of genetic factors or prolonged stress (or even the stress response) may accelerate aging. Over the last two decades, the sirtuin (SIRT) family of lysine deacylases has emerged as a key regulator of longevity in a variety of organisms. SIRT7, the most recently identified member of the SIRTs, maintains physiological homeostasis and provides protection against aging by functioning as a watchdog of genomic integrity, a dynamic sensor and modulator of stresses. SIRT7 decline disrupts metabolic homeostasis, accelerates aging, and increases the risk of age-related pathologies including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, pulmonary and renal disorders, inflammatory diseases, and cancer, etc. Here, we present SIRT7 as the seventh key to unlock the mystery of aging, and its specific manipulation holds great potential to ensure healthiness and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Raza
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuojun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
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Yamagata K, Mizumoto T, Yoshizawa T. The Emerging Role of SIRT7 in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Cells 2023; 13:48. [PMID: 38201252 PMCID: PMC10778536 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-7 in mammals) are a family of NAD+-dependent lysine deacetylases and deacylases that regulate diverse biological processes, including metabolism, stress responses, and aging. SIRT7 is the least well-studied member of the sirtuins, but accumulating evidence has shown that SIRT7 plays critical roles in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by modulating many target proteins in white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, and liver tissue. This review focuses on the emerging roles of SIRT7 in glucose and lipid metabolism in comparison with SIRT1 and SIRT6. We also discuss the possible implications of SIRT7 inhibition in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Yamagata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (T.M.); (T.Y.)
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tomoya Mizumoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (T.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tatsuya Yoshizawa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (T.M.); (T.Y.)
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Bolding JE, Nielsen AL, Jensen I, Hansen TN, Ryberg LA, Jameson ST, Harris P, Peters GHJ, Denu JM, Rogers JM, Olsen CA. Substrates and Cyclic Peptide Inhibitors of the Oligonucleotide-Activated Sirtuin 7. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314597. [PMID: 37873919 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The sirtuins are NAD+ -dependent lysine deacylases, comprising seven isoforms (SIRT1-7) in humans, which are involved in the regulation of a plethora of biological processes, including gene expression and metabolism. The sirtuins share a common hydrolytic mechanism but display preferences for different ϵ-N-acyllysine substrates. SIRT7 deacetylates targets in nuclei and nucleoli but remains one of the lesser studied of the seven isoforms, in part due to a lack of chemical tools to specifically probe SIRT7 activity. Here we expressed SIRT7 and, using small-angle X-ray scattering, reveal SIRT7 to be a monomeric enzyme with a low degree of globular flexibility in solution. We developed a fluorogenic assay for investigation of the substrate preferences of SIRT7 and to evaluate compounds that modulate its activity. We report several mechanism-based SIRT7 inhibitors as well as de novo cyclic peptide inhibitors selected from mRNA-display library screening that exhibit selectivity for SIRT7 over other sirtuin isoforms, stabilize SIRT7 in cells, and cause an increase in the acetylation of H3 K18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Bolding
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander L Nielsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Current address: Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Iben Jensen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias N Hansen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line A Ryberg
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Current address: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samuel T Jameson
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Günther H J Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John M Denu
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Joseph M Rogers
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian A Olsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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He H, Li J, Wang W, Cheng J, Zhou J, Li Q, Jin J, Chen L. The SIRT7-mediated deacetylation of CHD1L amplifies HIF-2α-dependent signal that drives renal cell carcinoma progression and sunitinib resistance. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:166. [PMID: 37691108 PMCID: PMC10493023 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant interplay between epigenetic reprogramming and hypoxia signaling contributes to renal cell carcinoma progression and drug resistance, which is an essential hallmark. How the chromatin remodelers enhance RCC malignancy remains to be poorly understood. We aimed to elucidate the roles of CHD1L in determining hypoxia signaling activation and sunitinib resistance. METHODS The qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry technologies were used to detect CHD1L expressions. Lentivirus transfection was used to generate stable CHD1L-KD cells. The roles of SIRT7/CHD1L were evaluated by CCK-8, wound healing, transwell assays, xenograft models, and tail-vein metastasis models. Co-immunoprecipitation, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and luciferase reporter assays were conducted to explore epigenetic regulations. RESULTS We screened and validated that CHD1L is up-regulated in RCC and correlates with poorer prognosis of patients. CHD1L overexpression notably enhances cell proliferation, migration, and self-renewal capacities in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SIRT7 physically interacts with CHDL1 and mediates the deacetylation of CHD1L. Wild-type SIRT7, but not H187Y dead mutant, stabilizes CHD1L protein levels via attenuating its ubiquitination levels. SIRT7 is increased in RCC and correlates with hazardous RCC clinical characteristics. SIRT7 depends on CHD1L to exert its tumor-promoting functions. Accumulated CHD1L amplifies HIF-2α-driven transcriptional programs via interacting with HIF-2α. CHD1L recruits BRD4 and increases the RNA polymerase II S2P loading. CHD1L ablation notably abolishes HIF-2α binding and subsequent transcriptional activation. CHD1L overexpression mediates the sunitinib resistance via sustaining VEGFA and targeting CHD1L reverses this effect. Specific CHD1L inhibitor (CHD1Li) shows a synergistic effect with sunitinib and strengthens its pharmaceutical effect. CONCLUSIONS These results uncover a CHD1L-mediated epigenetic mechanism of HIF-2α activation and downstream sunitinib resistance. The SIRT7-CHD1L-HIF-2α axis is highlighted to predict RCC prognosis and endows potential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao He
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Huai'an, 223400, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qunyi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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9
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Wu S, Jia S. Functional Diversity of SIRT7 Across Cellular Compartments: Insights and Perspectives. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:409-419. [PMID: 37581721 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play important roles in the regulation of protein function. Acetylation and deacetylation are among the most important PTMs. SIRT7 is a relatively understudied member of the sirtuin family, but recent studies have revealed that it plays a regulatory role in a variety of cellular activities, such as genome stabilization and repair, gene translation, ribosome production and other important processes. Here, we provide a list of the functions and mechanisms of SIRT7 in various organelles and show the important role of SIRT7 in maintaining normal cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Wu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shengnan Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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10
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Lagunas-Rangel FA. Bioinformatic analysis of SIRT7 sequence and structure. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8081-8091. [PMID: 36148822 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2126890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are highly conserved proteins that perform very important functions in different cellular processes. Notably, SIRT7 is the least studied human sirtuin, but it is known to be involved in a wide variety of processes in both health and disease. In this way, SIRT7 activity-regulating molecules could be beneficial for the treatment of relevant diseases such as cardiovascular and bone diseases, where SIRT7 levels are reduced, or obesity and cancer, where they are increased. In this work, using bioinformatic methods, the sequence and structure of SIRT7 orthologs in a wide variety of organisms were analyzed. Thus, the catalytic domain was found to be quite conserved (83.23% identity) and key residues such as D118, Y119, R120, D170, H187, N189, C198, C225, C228, V273, G298, F239 and V237 were identified. Furthermore, a phylogenetic tree was constructed where SIRT7 orthologs from mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, insects, and arachnids were found to cluster in different groups. Finally, predicted three-dimensional structures showed a classic structure of the central catalytic region of most sirtuins, while the flanking N- and C-terminal regions were unique to each phylogenetic group. All this helps to understand a little more how SIRT7 works and gives clues for the future design and development of small molecules that benefit human and animal health.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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11
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Liao Q, Zhu C, Sun X, Wang Z, Chen X, Deng H, Tang J, Jia S, Liu W, Xiao W, Liu X. Disruption of sirtuin 7 in zebrafish facilitates hypoxia tolerance. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105074. [PMID: 37481210 PMCID: PMC10448219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT7 is a member of the sirtuin family proteins with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone deacetylase activity, which can inhibit the activity of hypoxia-inducible factors independently of its enzymatic activity. However, the role of SIRT7 in affecting hypoxia signaling in vivo is still elusive. Here, we find that sirt7-null zebrafish are more resistant to hypoxic conditions, along with an increase of hypoxia-responsive gene expression and erythrocyte numbers, compared with their wildtype siblings. Overexpression of sirt7 suppresses the expression of hypoxia-responsive genes. Further assays indicate that sirt7 interacts with zebrafish hif-1αa, hif-1αb, hif-2αa, and hif-2αb to inhibit their transcriptional activity and mediate their protein degradation. In addition, sirt7 not only binds to the hypoxia responsive element of hypoxia-inducible gene promoters but also causes a reduction of H3K18Ac on these promoters. Sirt7 may regulate hypoxia-responsive gene expression through its enzymatic and nonenzymatic activities. This study provides novel insights into sirt7 function and sheds new light on the regulation of hypoxia signaling by sirt7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunchun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuke Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China; The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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12
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Zhang K, Sowers ML, Cherryhomes EI, Singh VK, Mishra A, Restrepo BI, Khan A, Jagannath C. Sirtuin-dependent metabolic and epigenetic regulation of macrophages during tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1121495. [PMID: 36993975 PMCID: PMC10040548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1121495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the preeminent phagocytic cells which control multiple infections. Tuberculosis a leading cause of death in mankind and the causative organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infects and persists in macrophages. Macrophages use reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and autophagy to kill and degrade microbes including MTB. Glucose metabolism regulates the macrophage-mediated antimicrobial mechanisms. Whereas glucose is essential for the growth of cells in immune cells, glucose metabolism and its downsteam metabolic pathways generate key mediators which are essential co-substrates for post-translational modifications of histone proteins, which in turn, epigenetically regulate gene expression. Herein, we describe the role of sirtuins which are NAD+-dependent histone histone/protein deacetylases during the epigenetic regulation of autophagy, the production of ROS/RNS, acetyl-CoA, NAD+, and S-adenosine methionine (SAM), and illustrate the cross-talk between immunometabolism and epigenetics on macrophage activation. We highlight sirtuins as emerging therapeutic targets for modifying immunometabolism to alter macrophage phenotype and antimicrobial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Mark L. Sowers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ellie I. Cherryhomes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Vipul K. Singh
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Blanca I. Restrepo
- University of Texas Health Houston, School of Public Health, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Arshad Khan
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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13
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Quan X, Xin Y, Wang HL, Sun Y, Chen C, Zhang J. Implications of altered sirtuins in metabolic regulation and oral cancer. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14752. [PMID: 36815979 PMCID: PMC9936870 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs 1-7) are a group of histone deacetylase enzymes with a wide range of enzyme activities that target a range of cellular proteins in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria for posttranslational modifications by acetylation (SIRT1, 2, 3, and 5) or ADP ribosylation (SIRT4, 6, and 7). A variety of cellular functions, including mitochondrial functions and functions in energy homeostasis, metabolism, cancer, longevity and ageing, are regulated by sirtuins. Compromised sirtuin functions and/or alterations in the expression levels of sirtuins may lead to several pathological conditions and contribute significantly to alterations in metabolic phenotypes as well as oral carcinogenesis. Here, we describe the basic characteristics of seven mammalian sirtuins. This review also emphasizes the key molecular mechanisms of sirtuins in metabolic regulation and discusses the possible relationships of sirtuins with oral cancers. This review will provide novel insight into new therapeutic approaches targeting sirtuins that may potentially lead to effective strategies for combating oral malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Quan
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Pathology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - He-Ling Wang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chanchan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangying Zhang
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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14
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Kuznetsov VI, Liu WH, Klein MA, Denu JM. Potent Activation of NAD +-Dependent Deacetylase Sirt7 by Nucleosome Binding. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2248-2261. [PMID: 35939806 PMCID: PMC9499614 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin-7 (Sirt7) is a nuclear NAD+-dependent deacetylase with a broad spectrum of biological functions. Sirt7 overexpression is linked to several pathological states and enhances anticancer drug resistance, making the enzyme a promising target for the development of novel therapeutics. Despite a plethora of reported in vivo functions, the biochemical characterization of recombinant Sirt7 remains inadequate for the development of novel drug candidates. Here, we conduct an extensive biochemical analysis of Sirt7 using newly developed binding and kinetic assays to reveal that the enzyme preferentially interacts with and is activated by nucleosomes. Sirt7 activation by nucleic acids alone is effective toward long-chain acylated hydrophobic substrates, while only nucleosome binding leads to 105-fold activation of the deacetylase activity. Using endogenous chromatin and recombinant acetylated nucleosomes, we reveal that Sirt7 is one of the most efficient deacetylases in the sirtuin family and that its catalytic activity is limited by the rate of dissociation from deacetylated nucleosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav I. Kuznetsov
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Wallace H. Liu
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Mark A. Klein
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - John M. Denu
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
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15
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Li J, Cao Y, Niu K, Qiu J, Wang H, You Y, Li D, Luo Y, Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Liu N. Quantitative acetylomics reveals dynamics of protein lysine acetylation in mouse livers during aging and upon the treatment of nicotinamide mononucleotide. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100276. [PMID: 35931320 PMCID: PMC9436820 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a reversible and dynamic post-translational modification that play vital roles in regulating multiple cellular processes including aging. However, acetylome-wide analysis in the aging process remains poorly studied in mammalian tissues. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a hub metabolite, benefits healthspan at least in part due to the activation of Sirtuins, a family of NAD+-consuming deacetylases, indicating changes in acetylome. Here, we combine two antibodies for the enrichment of acetylated peptides and perform label-free quantitative acetylomic analysis of mouse livers during natural aging and upon the treatment of beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a NAD+ booster. Our study describes previously unknown acetylation sites and reveals the acetylome-wide dynamics with age as well as upon the treatment of NMN. We discover protein acetylation events as potential aging biomarkers. We demonstrate that the life-beneficial effect of NMN could be partially reflected by the changes in age-related protein acetylation. Our quantitative assessment indicates that NMN has mild effects on acetylation sites previously reported as substrates of Sirtuins. Collectively, our data analyzes protein acetylation with age, laying critical foundation for the functional study of protein post-translational modification essential for healthy aging and perhaps disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kongyan Niu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiaqian Qiu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Han Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingnan You
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dean Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Abiochem Biotechnology, 1299 Zi Yue Rd., Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhengjiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yaoyang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Nan Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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16
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Fueling genome maintenance: On the versatile roles of NAD + in preserving DNA integrity. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102037. [PMID: 35595095 PMCID: PMC9194868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NAD+ is a versatile biomolecule acting as a master regulator and substrate in various cellular processes, including redox regulation, metabolism, and various signaling pathways. In this article, we concisely and critically review the role of NAD+ in mechanisms promoting genome maintenance. Numerous NAD+-dependent reactions are involved in the preservation of genome stability, the cellular DNA damage response, and other pathways regulating nucleic acid metabolism, such as gene expression and cell proliferation pathways. Of note, NAD+ serves as a substrate to ADP-ribosyltransferases, sirtuins, and potentially also eukaryotic DNA ligases, all of which regulate various aspects of DNA integrity, damage repair, and gene expression. Finally, we critically analyze recent developments in the field as well as discuss challenges associated with therapeutic actions intended to raise NAD+ levels.
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17
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Tabassum Z, Tseng JH, Isemann C, Tian X, Chen Y, Herring LE, Cohen TJ. Identification of a reciprocal negative feedback loop between tau-modifying proteins MARK2 kinase and CBP acetyltransferase. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101977. [PMID: 35469920 PMCID: PMC9136110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The posttranslational regulation of the neuronal proteome is critical for brain homeostasis but becomes dysregulated in the aged or diseased brain, in which abnormal posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are frequently observed. While the full extent of modified substrates that comprise the "PTM-ome" are slowly emerging, how the upstream enzymes catalyzing these processes are regulated themselves is not well understood, particularly in the context of neurodegeneration. Here, we describe the reciprocal regulation of a kinase, the microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 2 (MARK2), and an acetyltransferase, CREB-binding protein (CBP), two enzymes known to extensively modify tau proteins in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. We found that MARK2 negatively regulates CBP and, conversely, CBP directly acetylates and inhibits MARK2 kinase activity. These findings highlight a reciprocal negative feedback loop between a kinase and an acetyltransferase, which has implications for how PTM interplay is coordinated on substrates including tau. Our study suggests that PTM profiles occur through the posttranslational control of the master PTM remodeling enzymes themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarin Tabassum
- Department of Neurology, UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jui-Heng Tseng
- Department of Neurology, UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Camryn Isemann
- Department of Neurology, UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xu Tian
- Department of Neurology, UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Youjun Chen
- Department of Neurology, UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laura E Herring
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Todd J Cohen
- Department of Neurology, UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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18
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Lagunas-Rangel FA. SIRT7 in the aging process. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:297. [PMID: 35585284 PMCID: PMC9117384 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the result of the accumulation of a wide variety of molecular and cellular damage over time. This has been associated with a number of features termed hallmarks of aging, including genomic instability, loss of proteostasis, telomere attrition, dysregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and impaired intercellular communication. On the other hand, sirtuins are enzymes with an important role in aging and life extension, of which humans have seven paralogs (SIRT1 to SIRT7). SIRT7 is the least studied sirtuin to date, but it has been reported to serve important functions, such as promoting ribosomal RNA expression, aiding in DNA damage repair, and regulating chromatin compaction. Several studies have established a close relationship between SIRT7 and age-related processes, but knowledge in this area is still scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to analyze how SIRT7 is associated with each of the hallmarks of aging, as well as with some of age-associated diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, osteoporosis, and cancer.
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19
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Li G, Tang X, Zhang S, Deng Z, Wang B, Shi W, Xie H, Liu B, Li J. Aging-conferred SIRT7 Decline Inhibits Rosacea-like Skin Inflammation via Modulating TLR2-NF-κB Signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2580-2590.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Liao Q, Ouyang G, Zhu J, Cai X, Yu G, Zhou Z, Liu X, Wang J, Xiao W. Zebrafish sirt7 Negatively Regulates Antiviral Responses by Attenuating Phosphorylation of irf3 and irf7 Independent of Its Enzymatic Activity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:3050-3059. [PMID: 34799424 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sirt7 is one member of the sirtuin family proteins with NAD (NAD+)-dependent histone deacetylase activity. In this study, we report that zebrafish sirt7 is induced upon viral infection, and overexpression of sirt7 suppresses cellular antiviral responses. Disruption of sirt7 in zebrafish increases the survival rate upon spring viremia of carp virus infection. Further assays indicate that sirt7 interacts with irf3 and irf7 and attenuates phosphorylation of irf3 and irf7 by preventing tbk1 binding to irf3 and irf7. In addition, the enzymatic activity of sirt7 is not required for sirt7 to repress IFN-1 activation. To our knowledge, this study provides novel insights into sirt7 function and sheds new light on the regulation of irf3 and irf7 by attenuating phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; and.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junji Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; and.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolian Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; and.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; and.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; and.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; and.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; and.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; .,Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; and.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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21
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Gupta R, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Multifaced role of protein deacetylase sirtuins in neurodegenerative disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:976-997. [PMID: 34742724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins, a class III histone/protein deacetylase, is a central regulator of metabolic function and cellular stress response. This plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, metabolic syndromes, and cardiovascular disease. Sirtuins regulate biological and cellular processes, for instance, mitochondrial biogenesis, lipid and fatty acid oxidation, oxidative stress, gene transcriptional activity, apoptosis, inflammatory response, DNA repair mechanism, and autophagic cell degradation, which are known components for the progression of the neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Emerging evidence suggests that sirtuins are the useful molecular targets against NDDs like, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Huntington's Disease (HD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). However, the exact mechanism of neuroprotection mediated through sirtuins remains unsettled. The manipulation of sirtuins activity with its modulators, calorie restriction (CR), and micro RNAs (miR) is a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of NDDs. Herein, we reviewed the current putative therapeutic role of sirtuins in regulating synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions, which are mediated through the different molecular phenomenon to prevent neurodegeneration. We also explained the implications of sirtuin modulators, and miR based therapies for the treatment of life-threatening NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India.
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22
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Hong JY, Lin H. Sirtuin Modulators in Cellular and Animal Models of Human Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:735044. [PMID: 34650436 PMCID: PMC8505532 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.735044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins use NAD+ to remove various acyl groups from protein lysine residues. Through working on different substrate proteins, they display many biological functions, including regulation of cell proliferation, genome stability, metabolism, and cell migration. There are seven sirtuins in humans, SIRT1-7, each with unique enzymatic activities, regulatory mechanisms, subcellular localizations, and substrate scopes. They have been indicated in many human diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, microbial infection, metabolic and autoimmune diseases. Consequently, interests in development of sirtuin modulators have increased in the past decade. In this brief review, we specifically summarize genetic and pharmacological modulations of sirtuins in cancer, neurological, and cardiovascular diseases. We further anticipate this review will be helpful for scrutinizing the significance of sirtuins in the studied diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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23
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Hong JY, Fernandez I, Anmangandla A, Lu X, Bai JJ, Lin H. Pharmacological Advantage of SIRT2-Selective versus pan-SIRT1-3 Inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1266-1275. [PMID: 34139124 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Because of their involvement in various biological pathways, the sirtuin enzyme family members SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT3 play both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing roles, based on the context and experimental conditions. Thus, an interesting question is whether inhibiting one of them or inhibiting all of them would be better for treating cancers. Pharmacologically, this is difficult to address, due in part to potential off-target effects of different compounds. Compounds with almost identical properties but differing in SIRT1-3 selectivity will be useful for addressing this question. Here, we have developed a pan SIRT1-3 inhibitor (NH4-6) and a SIRT2-selective inhibitor (NH4-13) with very similar chemical structures, with the only difference being the substitution of an ester bond to an amide bond. Such a minimal difference allows us to accurately compare the anticancer effect of pan SIRT1-3 inhibition and SIRT2-selective inhibition in cellular and mouse models. NH4-6 showed stronger cytotoxicity than NH4-13 in cancer cell lines. In mice, both inhibitors showed similar anticancer efficacy. However, NH4-6 is toxic to mice, which hinders the use of higher dosages. These results highlight the advantage of SIRT2-selective inhibitors as potential anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Irma Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca New York 14853, United States
| | - Ananya Anmangandla
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xuan Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jessica Jingyi Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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24
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Abstract
SIRT7 is a class III histone deacetylase that belongs to the sirtuin family. The past two decades have seen numerous breakthroughs in terms of understanding SIRT7 biological function. We now know that this enzyme is involved in diverse cellular processes, ranging from gene regulation to genome stability, ageing and tumorigenesis. Genomic instability is one hallmark of cancer and ageing; it occurs as a result of excessive DNA damage. To counteract such instability, cells have evolved a sophisticated regulated DNA damage response mechanism that restores normal gene function. SIRT7 seems to have a critical role in this response, and it is recruited to sites of DNA damage where it recruits downstream repair factors and directs chromatin regulation. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of SIRT7 in DNA repair and maintaining genome stability. We pay particular attention to the implications of SIRT7 function in cancer and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangqi Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Tu
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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25
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Anshabo AT, Milne R, Wang S, Albrecht H. CDK9: A Comprehensive Review of Its Biology, and Its Role as a Potential Target for Anti-Cancer Agents. Front Oncol 2021; 11:678559. [PMID: 34041038 PMCID: PMC8143439 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.678559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are proteins pivotal to a wide range of cellular functions, most importantly cell division and transcription, and their dysregulations have been implicated as prominent drivers of tumorigenesis. Besides the well-established role of cell cycle CDKs in cancer, the involvement of transcriptional CDKs has been confirmed more recently. Most cancers overtly employ CDKs that serve as key regulators of transcription (e.g., CDK9) for a continuous production of short-lived gene products that maintain their survival. As such, dysregulation of the CDK9 pathway has been observed in various hematological and solid malignancies, making it a valuable anticancer target. This therapeutic potential has been utilized for the discovery of CDK9 inhibitors, some of which have entered human clinical trials. This review provides a comprehensive discussion on the structure and biology of CDK9, its role in solid and hematological cancers, and an updated review of the available inhibitors currently being investigated in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Tesfaye Anshabo
- Drug Discovery and Development, Centre for Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert Milne
- Drug Discovery and Development, Centre for Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shudong Wang
- Drug Discovery and Development, Centre for Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hugo Albrecht
- Drug Discovery and Development, Centre for Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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26
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The Mammalian and Yeast A49 and A34 Heterodimers: Homologous but Not the Same. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050620. [PMID: 33921963 PMCID: PMC8143541 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal RNA synthesis is the rate-limiting step in ribosome biogenesis. In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase I (Pol I) is responsible for transcribing the ribosomal DNA genes that reside in the nucleolus. Aberrations in Pol I activity have been linked to the development of multiple cancers and other genetic diseases. Therefore, it is key that we understand the mechanisms of Pol I transcription. Recent studies have demonstrated that there are many differences between Pol I transcription in yeast and mammals. Our goal is to highlight the similarities and differences between the polymerase-associated factors (PAFs) in yeast and mammalian cells. We focus on the PAF heterodimer A49/34 in yeast and PAF53/49 in mammals. Recent studies have demonstrated that while the structures between the yeast and mammalian orthologs are very similar, they may function differently during Pol I transcription, and their patterns of regulation are different.
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27
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Navas LE, Carnero A. NAD + metabolism, stemness, the immune response, and cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:2. [PMID: 33384409 PMCID: PMC7775471 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD+ was discovered during yeast fermentation, and since its discovery, its important roles in redox metabolism, aging, and longevity, the immune system and DNA repair have been highlighted. A deregulation of the NAD+ levels has been associated with metabolic diseases and aging-related diseases, including neurodegeneration, defective immune responses, and cancer. NAD+ acts as a cofactor through its interplay with NADH, playing an essential role in many enzymatic reactions of energy metabolism, such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and the TCA cycle. NAD+ also plays a role in deacetylation by sirtuins and ADP ribosylation during DNA damage/repair by PARP proteins. Finally, different NAD hydrolase proteins also consume NAD+ while converting it into ADP-ribose or its cyclic counterpart. Some of these proteins, such as CD38, seem to be extensively involved in the immune response. Since NAD cannot be taken directly from food, NAD metabolism is essential, and NAMPT is the key enzyme recovering NAD from nicotinamide and generating most of the NAD cellular pools. Because of the complex network of pathways in which NAD+ is essential, the important role of NAD+ and its key generating enzyme, NAMPT, in cancer is understandable. In the present work, we review the role of NAD+ and NAMPT in the ways that they may influence cancer metabolism, the immune system, stemness, aging, and cancer. Finally, we review some ongoing research on therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola E Navas
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Cancer, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain. .,CIBER de Cancer, Sevilla, Spain.
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28
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Li G, Tian Y, Zhu WG. The Roles of Histone Deacetylases and Their Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:576946. [PMID: 33117804 PMCID: PMC7552186 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.576946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations and abnormal gene regulation are key mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis. Nucleosomes, which consist of DNA wrapped around histone cores, represent the basic units of chromatin. The fifth amino group (Nε) of histone lysine residues is a common site for post-translational modifications (PTMs), and of these, acetylation is the second most common. Histone acetylation is modulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), and is involved in the regulation of gene expression. Over the past two decades, numerous studies characterizing HDACs and HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have provided novel and exciting insights concerning their underlying biological mechanisms and potential anti-cancer treatments. In this review, we detail the diverse structures of HDACs and their underlying biological functions, including transcriptional regulation, metabolism, angiogenesis, DNA damage response, cell cycle, apoptosis, protein degradation, immunity and other several physiological processes. We also highlight potential avenues to use HDACi as novel, precision cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
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29
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Liu X, Li C, Li Q, Chang HC, Tang YC. SIRT7 Facilitates CENP-A Nucleosome Assembly and Suppresses Intestinal Tumorigenesis. iScience 2020; 23:101461. [PMID: 32861997 PMCID: PMC7476862 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT7 is a member of the mammalian sirtuins and functions as an NAD+-dependent deacylase. Here we show that SIRT7 deficiency leads to a lowered histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1) activity and therefore decreased histone H4K5 and H4K12 acetylation. This in turn causes CENP-A dislocation at the centromere, which further affects chromatin assembly. SIRT7 ablation results in aneuploidy and aging phenotypes, including senescence and nucleolar expansion. Moreover, SIRT7 knockout mice are susceptible to DSS-induced colitis and alcohol-derived epithelial disturbance, revealing a disrupted intestinal epithelial homeostasis. Notably, absence of SIRT7 aggravates the susceptibility of colorectal cancer incidence in APCMin/+ mouse model and elicits further the Wnt signaling. Our findings indicate a tumor suppressive role of SIRT7 in the case of colorectal cancer. Together with the activities in maintaining genome integrity and intestinal homeostasis, activating SIRT7 may serve as a strategy to treat bowel diseases and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chengling Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science & Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hung-Chun Chang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science & Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yun-Chi Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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30
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Eyvazi S, Hejazi MS, Kahroba H, Abasi M, Zamiri RE, Tarhriz V. CDK9 as an Appealing Target for Therapeutic Interventions. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:453-464. [PMID: 30362418 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666181026152221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin Dependent Kinase 9 (CDK9) as a serine/threonine kinase belongs to a great number of CDKs. CDK9 is the main core of PTEF-b complex and phosphorylates RNA polymerase (RNAP) II besides other transcription factors which regulate gene transcription elongation in numerous physiological processes. Multi-functional nature of CDK9 in diverse cellular pathways proposes that it is as an appealing target. In this review, we summarized the recent findings on the molecular interaction of CDK9 with critical participant molecules to modulate their activity in various diseases. Furthermore, the presented review provides a rationale supporting the use of CDK9 as a therapeutic target in clinical developments for crucial diseases; particularly cancers will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Eyvazi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Homan Kahroba
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mozghan Abasi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Eghdam Zamiri
- Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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31
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Basu S, Nandy A, Biswas D. Keeping RNA polymerase II on the run: Functions of MLL fusion partners in transcriptional regulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194563. [PMID: 32348849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the identification of key MLL fusion partners as transcription elongation factors regulating expression of HOX cluster genes during hematopoiesis, extensive work from the last decade has resulted in significant progress in our overall mechanistic understanding of role of MLL fusion partner proteins in transcriptional regulation of diverse set of genes beyond just the HOX cluster. In this review, we are going to detail overall understanding of role of MLL fusion partner proteins in transcriptional regulation and thus provide mechanistic insights into possible MLL fusion protein-mediated transcriptional misregulation leading to aberrant hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Basu
- Laboratory of Transcription Biology, Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 32, India
| | - Arijit Nandy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Laboratory of Transcription Biology, Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 32, India.
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32
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Iyer-Bierhoff A, Krogh N, Tessarz P, Ruppert T, Nielsen H, Grummt I. SIRT7-Dependent Deacetylation of Fibrillarin Controls Histone H2A Methylation and rRNA Synthesis during the Cell Cycle. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2946-2954.e5. [PMID: 30540930 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrillarin (FBL) is a dual-function nucleolar protein that catalyzes 2'-O methylation of pre-rRNA and methylation of histone H2A at glutamine 104 (H2AQ104me). The mechanisms that regulate FBL activity are unexplored. Here, we show that FBL is acetylated at several lysine residues by the acetyltransferase CBP and deacetylated by SIRT7. While reversible acetylation does not impact FBL-mediated pre-rRNA methylation, hyperacetylation impairs the interaction of FBL with histone H2A and chromatin, thereby compromising H2AQ104 methylation (H2AQ104me) and rDNA transcription. SIRT7-dependent deacetylation of FBL ensures H2AQ104me and high levels of rRNA synthesis during interphase. At the onset of mitosis, nucleolar disassembly is accompanied by hyperacetylation of FBL, loss of H2AQ104me, and repression of polymerase I (Pol I) transcription. Overexpression of an acetylation-deficient, but not an acetylation-mimicking, FBL mutant restores H2AQ104me and transcriptional activity. The results reveal that SIRT7-dependent deacetylation impacts nucleolar activity by an FBL-driven circuitry that mediates cell-cycle-dependent fluctuation of rDNA transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Iyer-Bierhoff
- Molecular Biology of the Cell II, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), DKFZ-Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolai Krogh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200N Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Tessarz
- Department of Chromatin and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Ruppert
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200N Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ingrid Grummt
- Molecular Biology of the Cell II, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), DKFZ-Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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33
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AFF1 acetylation by p300 temporally inhibits transcription during genotoxic stress response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:22140-22151. [PMID: 31611376 PMCID: PMC6823056 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907097116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells are constantly exposed to genotoxic agents that can lead to DNA damage, genomic instability, and diseases, including cancers. Maintenance of genomic stability, a prerequisite for survival and proper functions of cells, is facilitated by the cellular DNA repair machinery. One of the earliest responses to DNA damage is a transient inhibition of transcription to avoid fatal collisions between the DNA repair and transcriptional machineries. However, the mechanisms underlying this early transcriptional inhibition are poorly understood. Our study establishes a critical role for AFF1, a key component of super elongation complex, in early transcription inhibition and cell survival upon DNA damage, as well as a mechanism involving p300-mediated acetylation of AFF1 and consequent inactivation of the super elongation complex. Soon after exposure to genotoxic reagents, mammalian cells inhibit transcription to prevent collisions with repair machinery and to mount a proper DNA damage response. However, mechanisms underlying early transcriptional inhibition are poorly understood. In this report, we show that site-specific acetylation of super elongation complex (SEC) subunit AFF1 by p300 reduces its interaction with other SEC components and impairs P-TEFb−mediated C-terminal domain phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II both in vitro and in vivo. Reexpression of wild-type AFF1, but not an acetylation mimic mutant, restores SEC component recruitment and target gene expression in AFF1 knockdown cells. Physiologically, we show that, upon genotoxic exposure, p300-mediated AFF1 acetylation is dynamic and strongly correlated with concomitant global down-regulation of transcription—and that this can be reversed by overexpression of an acetylation-defective AFF1 mutant. Therefore, we describe a mechanism of dynamic transcriptional regulation involving p300-mediated acetylation of a key elongation factor during genotoxic stress.
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34
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Zhu Y, Liu J, Park J, Rai P, Zhai RG. Subcellular compartmentalization of NAD + and its role in cancer: A sereNADe of metabolic melodies. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 200:27-41. [PMID: 30974124 PMCID: PMC7010080 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential biomolecule involved in many critical processes. Its role as both a driver of energy production and a signaling molecule underscores its importance in health and disease. NAD+ signaling impacts multiple processes that are dysregulated in cancer, including DNA repair, cell proliferation, differentiation, redox regulation, and oxidative stress. Distribution of NAD+ is highly compartmentalized, with each subcellular NAD+ pool differentially regulated and preferentially involved in distinct NAD+-dependent signaling or metabolic events. Emerging evidence suggests that targeting NAD+ metabolism is likely to repress many specific mechanisms underlying tumor development and progression, including proliferation, survival, metabolic adaptations, invasive capabilities, heterotypic interactions with the tumor microenvironment, and stress response including notably DNA maintenance and repair. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of how compartmentalized NAD+ metabolism in mitochondria, nucleus, cytosol, and extracellular space impacts cancer formation and progression, along with a discussion of the therapeutic potential of NAD+-targeting drugs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Joun Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Priyamvada Rai
- Department of Medicine/Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Rong G Zhai
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China.
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35
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Zhang XD, Huang GW, Xie YH, He JZ, Guo JC, Xu XE, Liao LD, Xie YM, Song YM, Li EM, Xu LY. The interaction of lncRNA EZR-AS1 with SMYD3 maintains overexpression of EZR in ESCC cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:1793-1809. [PMID: 29253179 PMCID: PMC5829580 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
EZR, a member of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family, is involved in multiple aspects of cell migration and cancer. SMYD3, a histone H3–lysine 4 (H3–K4)-specific methyltransferase, regulates EZR gene transcription, but the molecular mechanisms of epigenetic regulation remain ill-defined. Here, we show that antisense lncRNA EZR-AS1 was positively correlated with EZR expression in both human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and cell lines. Both in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that EZR-AS1 promoted cell migration through up-regulation of EZR expression. Mechanistically, antisense lncRNA EZR-AS1 formed a complex with RNA polymerase II to activate the transcription of EZR. Moreover, EZR-AS1 could recruit SMYD3 to a binding site, present in a GC-rich region downstream of the EZR promoter, causing the binding of SMYD3 and local enrichment of H3K4me3. Finally, the interaction of EZR-AS1 with SMYD3 further enhanced EZR transcription and expression. Our findings suggest that antisense lncRNA EZR-AS1, as a member of an RNA polymerase complex and through enhanced SMYD3-dependent H3K4 methylation, plays an important role in enhancing transcription of the EZR gene to promote the mobility and invasiveness of human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, PR China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, PR China.,Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guo-Wei Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, PR China.,Department of Experimental Animal Center, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, PR China
| | - Ying-Hua Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, PR China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jian-Zhong He
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, PR China.,Department of Experimental Animal Center, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, PR China
| | - Jin-Cheng Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, PR China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiu-E Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, PR China.,Department of Experimental Animal Center, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, PR China
| | - Lian-Di Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, PR China.,Department of Experimental Animal Center, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, PR China
| | - Yang-Min Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Yong-Mei Song
- The Affiliated Nanshan People's Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Municipal Sixth People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China
| | - En-Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, PR China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, PR China.,Department of Experimental Animal Center, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, PR China
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36
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Kosciuk T, Wang M, Hong JY, Lin H. Updates on the epigenetic roles of sirtuins. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 51:18-29. [PMID: 30875552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a class of enzyme with NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylase activities. They were initially discovered to regulate transcription and life span via histone deacetylase activities. Later studies expanded their activities to other proteins and acyl lysine modifications. Through deacylating various substrate proteins, they regulate many biological processes, including transcription, DNA repair and genome stability, metabolism, and signal transduction. Here, we review recent understandings of the epigenetic functions (broadly defined to include transcriptional, post-transcriptional regulation, and DNA repair) of mammalian sirtuins. Because of the important functions of sirtuins, their own regulation is of great interest and is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Kosciuk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jun Young Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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37
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Yu F, Shi G, Cheng S, Chen J, Wu SY, Wang Z, Xia N, Zhai Y, Wang Z, Peng Y, Wang D, Du JX, Liao L, Duan SZ, Shi T, Cheng J, Chiang CM, Li J, Wong J. SUMO suppresses and MYC amplifies transcription globally by regulating CDK9 sumoylation. Cell Res 2018; 28:670-685. [PMID: 29588524 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of transcription is fundamental to the control of cellular gene expression and function. Although recent studies have revealed a role for the oncoprotein MYC in amplifying global transcription, little is known as to how the global transcription is suppressed. Here we report that SUMO and MYC mediate opposite effects upon global transcription by controlling the level of CDK9 sumoylation. On one hand, SUMO suppresses global transcription via sumoylation of CDK9, the catalytic subunit of P-TEFb kinase essential for productive transcriptional elongation. On the other hand, MYC amplifies global transcription by antagonizing CDK9 sumoylation. Sumoylation of CDK9 blocks its interaction with Cyclin T1 and thus the formation of active P-TEFb complex. Transcription profiling analyses reveal that SUMO represses global transcription, particularly of moderately to highly expressed genes and by generating a sumoylation-resistant CDK9 mutant, we confirm that sumoylation of CDK9 inhibits global transcription. Together, our data reveal that SUMO and MYC oppositely control global gene expression by regulating the dynamic sumoylation and desumoylation of CDK9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Guang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and Institute of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shimeng Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiwei Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shwu-Yuan Wu
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Nansong Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yunhao Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - James X Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lujian Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Tieliu Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jinke Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Chiang
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jiwen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Jiemin Wong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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38
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Chen KL, Li L, Yang FX, Li CM, Wang YR, Wang GL. SIRT7 depletion inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and increases drug sensitivity by activating p38MAPK in breast cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6767-6778. [PMID: 29231244 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SIRT7 is a member of the sirtuin family of proteins that are known to be associated with tumor development. However, the functional roles and molecular mechanisms underlying the function of SIRT7 in breast cancer cell survival and tumor development remain unclear. Recent studies demonstrated that SIRT7 is upregulated in breast cancer cells and tissues. In the present study, we systematically explored the roles of SIRT7 in the growth of breast cancer cells and tumors both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that SIRT7 plays a major role in facilitating cell survival by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. SIRT7 depletion significantly inhibited cell invasion and wound healing by blocking cell cycle progression and inducing cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, SIRT7 depletion can increase the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin (DOX). Xenograft model studies showed that stable silencing of SIRT7 inhibited tumor growth and enhanced tumor sensitivity to DOX. Further research revealed that p38MAPK is involved in SIRT7-mediated regulation of breast cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. Taken together, our results showed that SIRT7 plays a critical role in breast cancer cell survival, migration, and tumor growth, and increased the efficiency of DOX treatment both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, SIRT7 is a promising therapeutic target in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Lin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang-Xiao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Min Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Ru Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gen-Lin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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39
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Abstract
Hexim1 acts as a tumor suppressor and is involved in the regulation of innate immunity. It was initially described as a non-coding RNA-dependent regulator of transcription. Here, we detail how 7SK RNA binds to Hexim1 and turns it into an inhibitor of the positive transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb). In addition to its action on P-TEFb, it plays a role in a variety of different mechanisms: it controls the stability of transcription factor components and assists binding of transcription factors to their targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke A Michels
- a IBENS , Ecole Normale Supérieure UMR CNRS 8107, UA INSERM 1024 , 46 rue d'Ulm Paris Cedex France
| | - Olivier Bensaude
- a IBENS , Ecole Normale Supérieure UMR CNRS 8107, UA INSERM 1024 , 46 rue d'Ulm Paris Cedex France
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40
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Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of intracellular enzymes whose enzymatic activities include catalyzing the β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (β-NAD+)-dependent Nɛ-acyl-lysine deacylation and the β-NAD+-dependent mono-ADP-ribosylation. Among the seven sirtuin family members (i.e., SIRT1-7) thus far identified in mammals including humans, we know SIRT1/2/3/5/6 better than SIRT4/7 as for their enzymatic activities and the cellular roles of the reactions they catalyze. This chapter will provide an updated account on the enzymology and biology of SIRT4 and SIRT7, the two less well-understood mammalian sirtuins. It is hoped that this article will also be able to set a stage for the medicinal chemistry work on SIRT4 and SIRT7, potentially developing novel therapeutic agents for human diseases.
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41
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Wu D, Li Y, Zhu KS, Wang H, Zhu WG. Advances in Cellular Characterization of the Sirtuin Isoform, SIRT7. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:652. [PMID: 30510540 PMCID: PMC6253933 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT7 is one of seven mammalian sirtuins that functions as an NAD+-dependent histone/protein deacetylase. SIRT7 is the least well-known member of the sirtuin family, but recent efforts have identified its involvement in various cellular processes, such as ribosome biogenesis, gene expression, cellular metabolism and cancer. Here we provide an update on the functions and mechanisms of SIRT7 in cellular regulation and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yinglu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kathy S. Zhu
- Peking University Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-Guo Zhu ;
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Haiying Wang
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42
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Islam MS, Wei FY, Ohta K, Shigematsu N, Fukuda T, Tomizawa K, Yoshizawa T, Yamagata K. Sirtuin 7 is involved in the consolidation of fear memory in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:261-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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43
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Song C, Hotz-Wagenblatt A, Voit R, Grummt I. SIRT7 and the DEAD-box helicase DDX21 cooperate to resolve genomic R loops and safeguard genome stability. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1370-1381. [PMID: 28790157 PMCID: PMC5580657 DOI: 10.1101/gad.300624.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, Song et al. show that the DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX21 efficiently unwinds RNA/DNA hybrids (R loops) in vivo and in vitro and prevents DNA damage. Their findings reveal a novel mechanism by which accumulation of R loops by DDX21 depletion leads to genomic instability. R loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures consisting of an RNA:DNA heteroduplex and a “looped-out” nontemplate strand. As aberrant formation and persistence of R loops block transcription elongation and cause DNA damage, mechanisms that resolve R loops are essential for genome stability. Here we show that the DEAD (Asp–Glu–Ala–Asp)-box RNA helicase DDX21 efficiently unwinds R loops and that depletion of DDX21 leads to accumulation of cellular R loops and DNA damage. Significantly, the activity of DDX21 is regulated by acetylation. Acetylation by CBP inhibits DDX21 activity, while deacetylation by SIRT7 augments helicase activity and overcomes R-loop-mediated stalling of RNA polymerases. Knockdown of SIRT7 leads to the same phenotype as depletion of DDX21 (i.e., increased formation of R loops and DNA double-strand breaks), indicating that SIRT7 and DDX21 cooperate to prevent R-loop accumulation, thus safeguarding genome integrity. Moreover, DDX21 resolves estrogen-induced R loops on estrogen-responsive genes in breast cancer cells, which prevents the blocking of transcription elongation on these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlin Song
- Molecular Biology of the Cell II, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agnes Hotz-Wagenblatt
- Bioinformatics Group, Core Facility Genomics and Proteomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renate Voit
- Molecular Biology of the Cell II, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Grummt
- Molecular Biology of the Cell II, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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44
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Jiang L, Xiong J, Zhan J, Yuan F, Tang M, Zhang C, Cao Z, Chen Y, Lu X, Li Y, Wang H, Wang L, Wang J, Zhu WG, Wang H. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 7 (USP7)-mediated deubiquitination of the histone deacetylase SIRT7 regulates gluconeogenesis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13296-13311. [PMID: 28655758 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.780130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 7 (SIRT7), a member of the NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylases, is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes and in resisting various stresses, such as hypoxia, low glucose levels, and DNA damage. Interestingly, SIRT7 is linked to the control of glycolysis, suggesting a role in glucose metabolism. Given the important roles of SIRT7, it is critical to clarify how SIRT7 activity is potentially regulated. It has been reported that some transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms are involved. However, little is known how SIRT7 is regulated by the post-translational modifications. Here, we identified ubiquitin-specific peptidase 7 (USP7), a deubiquitinase, as a negative regulator of SIRT7. We showed that USP7 interacts with SIRT7 both in vitro and in vivo, and we further demonstrated that SIRT7 undergoes endogenous Lys-63-linked polyubiquitination, which is removed by USP7. Although the USP7-mediated deubiquitination of SIRT7 had no effect on its stability, the deubiquitination repressed its enzymatic activity. We also showed that USP7 coordinates with SIRT7 to regulate the expression of glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC), a gluconeogenic gene. USP7 depletion by RNA interference increased both G6PC expression and SIRT7 enzymatic activity. Moreover, SIRT7 targeted the G6PC promoter through the transcription factor ELK4 but not through forkhead box O1 (FoxO1). In summary, SIRT7 is a USP7 substrate and has a novel role as a regulator of gluconeogenesis. Our study may provide the basis for new clinical approaches to treat metabolic disorders related to glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiang
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Jiannan Xiong
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Junsi Zhan
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Fengjie Yuan
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Ming Tang
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Chaohua Zhang
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Ziyang Cao
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Yongcan Chen
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Xiaopeng Lu
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Yinglu Li
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Hui Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Lina Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Jiadong Wang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191 and
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, .,Peking-Tsinghua University Center for Life Science, and.,the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center,
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