1
|
Mo C, Shiozaki Y, Omabe K, Liu Y. Understanding the Human RECQ5 Helicase-Connecting the Dots from DNA to Clinics. Cells 2023; 12:2037. [PMID: 37626846 PMCID: PMC10453775 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
RECQ5, a member of the conserved RECQ helicase family, is the sole human RECQ homolog that has not been linked to a hereditary developmental syndrome. Nonetheless, dysregulation of RECQ5 has emerged as a significant clinical concern, being linked to cancer predisposition, cardiovascular disease, and inflammation. In cells, RECQ5 assumes a crucial role in the regulation of DNA repair pathways, particularly in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and inter-strand DNA crosslinks. Moreover, RECQ5 exhibits a capacity to modulate gene expression by interacting with transcription machineries and their co-regulatory proteins, thus safeguarding against transcription-induced DNA damage. This review aims to provide an overview of the multifaceted functions of RECQ5 and its implications in maintaining genomic stability. We will discuss the potential effects of clinical variants of RECQ5 on its cellular functions and their underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of cancer and cardiovascular disease. We will review the impact of RECQ5 variants in the field of pharmacogenomics, specifically their influence on drug responses, which may pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions targeting RECQ5 in human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yilun Liu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tsang ES, Csizmok V, Williamson LM, Pleasance E, Topham JT, Karasinska JM, Titmuss E, Schrader I, Yip S, Tessier-Cloutier B, Mungall K, Ng T, Sun S, Lim HJ, Loree JM, Laskin J, Marra MA, Jones SJM, Schaeffer DF, Renouf DJ. Homologous recombination deficiency signatures in gastrointestinal and thoracic cancers correlate with platinum therapy duration. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:31. [PMID: 36964191 PMCID: PMC10039042 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence about the predictive role of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), but this is less defined in gastrointestinal (GI) and thoracic malignancies. We reviewed whole genome (WGS) and transcriptomic (RNA-Seq) data from advanced GI and thoracic cancers in the Personalized OncoGenomics trial (NCT02155621) to evaluate HRD scores and single base substitution (SBS)3, which is associated with BRCA1/2 mutations and potentially predictive of defective HRD. HRD scores were calculated by sum of loss of heterozygosity, telomeric allelic imbalance, and large-scale state transitions scores. Regression analyses examined the association between HRD and time to progression on platinum (TTPp). We included 223 patients with GI (n = 154) or thoracic (n = 69) malignancies. TTPp was associated with SBS3 (p < 0.01) but not HRD score in patients with GI malignancies, whereas neither was associated with TTPp in thoracic malignancies. Tumors with gBRCA1/2 mutations and a somatic second alteration exhibited high SBS3 and HRD scores, but these signatures were also present in several tumors with germline but no somatic second alterations, suggesting silencing of the wild-type allele or BRCA1/2 haploinsufficiency. Biallelic inactivation of an HR gene, including loss of XRCC2 and BARD1, was identified in BRCA1/2 wild-type HRD tumors and these patients had prolonged response to platinum. Thoracic cases with high HRD score were associated with high RECQL5 expression (p ≤ 0.025), indicating another potential mechanism of HRD. SBS3 was more strongly associated with TTPp in patients with GI malignancies and may be complementary to using HRD and BRCA status in identifying patients who benefit from platinum therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica S Tsang
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Veronika Csizmok
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura M Williamson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erin Pleasance
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Emma Titmuss
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Intan Schrader
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Basile Tessier-Cloutier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karen Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tony Ng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sophie Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Howard J Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Loree
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Janessa Laskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David F Schaeffer
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel J Renouf
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qin X, Wang J, Wang X, Huang T, Fang Z, Yan L, Fan Y, Xu D. Widespread genomic/molecular alterations of DNA helicases and their clinical/therapeutic implications across human cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114193. [PMID: 36586240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA helicases are essential to genomic stability by regulating DNA metabolisms and their loss-of-function mutations lead to genomic instability and predisposition to cancer. Paradoxically, overexpression of DNA helicases is observed in several cancers. Here we analyzed genomic and molecular alterations in 12 important DNA helicases in TCGA pan-cancers to provide an overview of their aberrations. Significant expression heterogeneity of 12 DNA helicases was observed. We calculated DNA helicase score (DHS) based on their expression, and categorized tumors into high, low and intermediate subtypes. High DHS subtypes were robustly associated with stemness, proliferation, hyperactivated oncogenic signaling, longer telomeres, total mutation burden, copy number alterations (CNAs) and shorter survival. Importantly, tumors with high DHSs exhibited stronger expression of alternative end-join (alt-EJ) factors, indicative of sensitivity to chemo- and radio-therapies. High DHSs were also associated with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), BRCA1/2 mutations and sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. Moreover, several drugs are identified to inhibit DNA helicases, with the Auror A kinase inhibitor Danusertib as the strongest candidate that was confirmed experimentally. The aberrant expression of DNA helicases was associated with CNAs, DNA methylation and m6A regulators. Our findings thus reveal widespread dysregulation of DNA helicases and their broad connection with featured oncogenic aberrations across human cancers. The close association of DHS with the alt-EJ pathway and HRD, and identification of Danusertib as a putative DNA helicase inhibitor have translational significance. Taken together, these findings will contribute to DNA helicase-based cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qin
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Urologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Urologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhiqing Fang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Yidong Fan
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Dawei Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Bioclinicum and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Roy S, Juste SS, Sneider M, Auradkar A, Klanseck C, Li Z, Julio AHF, Lopez del Amo V, Bier E, Guichard A. Cas9/Nickase-induced allelic conversion by homologous chromosome-templated repair in Drosophila somatic cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0721. [PMID: 35776792 PMCID: PMC10883370 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in somatic cells is primarily accomplished by error-prone nonhomologous end joining and less frequently by precise homology-directed repair preferentially using the sister chromatid as a template. Here, a Drosophila system performs efficient somatic repair of both DSBs and single-strand breaks (SSBs) using intact sequences from the homologous chromosome in a process we refer to as homologous chromosome-templated repair (HTR). Unexpectedly, HTR-mediated allelic conversion at the white locus was more efficient (40 to 65%) in response to SSBs induced by Cas9-derived nickases D10A or H840A than to DSBs induced by fully active Cas9 (20 to 30%). Repair phenotypes elicited by Nickase versus Cas9 differ in both developmental timing (late versus early stages, respectively) and the production of undesired mutagenic events (rare versus frequent). Nickase-mediated HTR represents an efficient and unanticipated mechanism for allelic correction, with far-reaching potential applications in the field of gene editing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sitara Roy
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
| | - Sara Sanz Juste
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
| | - Marketta Sneider
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
| | - Ankush Auradkar
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
| | - Carissa Klanseck
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
| | - Zhiqian Li
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
| | - Alison Henrique Ferreira Julio
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 RJ, Brazil
| | - Victor Lopez del Amo
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
| | - Ethan Bier
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society-UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
| | - Annabel Guichard
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu D, Zhou J, Chen Q, Wu T, Blumenthal RM, Zhang X, Cheng X. Enzymatic Characterization of In Vitro Activity of RNA Methyltransferase PCIF1 on DNA. Biochemistry 2022; 61:1005-1013. [PMID: 35605980 PMCID: PMC9178792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PCIF1 and FTO are a pair of human mRNA cap-specific modification enzymes that have opposing activities. PCIF1 adds a methyl group to the N6-position of 2'O-methyladenosine (Am), generating N6, 2'O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), when Am is the cap-proximal nucleotide. FTO removes the N6-methyl group from m6Am. In addition, FTO has a demethylase activity on a broad spectrum of various RNA substrates, as well as on DNA N6-methyldeoxyadenosine (m6dA). While the existence of m6dA in mammalian DNA remains controversial, we show here that PCIF1 has significant methylation activity on single stranded DNA deoxyadenosine, double stranded RNA/DNA hybrids, and double stranded DNA, though with lower catalytic efficiency than that on its preferred RNA substrate. PCIF1 has activities in the order ssRNA > RNA/DNA hybrid > ssDNA > dsDNA. We discuss the implications of PCIF1 generation, and FTO removal, of DNA adenine methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- Department
of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jujun Zhou
- Department
of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Qin Chen
- Department
of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Tao Wu
- Department
of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Robert M. Blumenthal
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Program in Bioinformatics, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life
Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department
of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department
of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hamadeh Z, Hanlon V, Lansdorp PM. Mapping of sister chromatid exchange events and genome alterations in single cells. Methods 2022; 204:64-72. [PMID: 35483548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian genomes encode over a hundred different helicases, many of which are implicated in the repair of DNA lesions by acting on DNA structures arising during DNA replication, recombination or transcription. Defining the in vivo substrates of such DNA helicases is a major challenge given the large number of helicases in the genome, the breadth of potential substrates in the genome and the degree of genetic pleiotropy among DNA helicases in resolving diverse substrates. Helicases such as WRN, BLM and RECQL5 are implicated in the resolution of error-free recombination events known as sister chromatid exchange events (SCEs). Single cell Strand-seq can be used to map the genomic location of individual SCEs at a resolution that exceeds that of classical cytogenetic techniques by several orders of magnitude. By mapping the genomic locations of SCEs in the absence of different helicases, it should in principle be possible to infer the substrate specificity of specific helicases. Here we describe how the genome can be interrogated for such DNA repair events using single-cell template strand sequencing (Strand-seq) and bioinformatic tools. SCEs and copy-number alterations were mapped to genomic locations at kilobase resolution in haploid KBM7 cells. Strategies, possibilities, and limitations of Strand-seq to study helicase function are illustrated using these cells before and after CRISPR/Cas9 knock out of WRN, BLM and/or RECQL5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeid Hamadeh
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Genome Science and Technology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vincent Hanlon
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Peter M Lansdorp
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Hematology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Davis L, Maizels N. Pathways and signatures of mutagenesis at targeted DNA nicks. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009329. [PMID: 33857147 PMCID: PMC8078790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicks are the most frequent form of DNA damage and a potential source of mutagenesis in human cells. By deep sequencing, we have identified factors and pathways that promote and limit mutagenic repair at a targeted nick in human cells. Mutations were distributed asymmetrically around the nick site. BRCA2 inhibited all categories of mutational events, including indels, SNVs and HDR. DNA2 and RPA promoted resection. DNA2 inhibited 1 bp deletions but contributed to longer deletions, as did REV7. POLQ stimulated SNVs. Parallel analysis of DSBs targeted to the same site identified similar roles for DNA2 and POLQ (but not REV7) in promoting deletions and for POLQ in stimulating SNVs. Insertions were infrequent at nicks, and most were 1 bp in length, as at DSBs. The translesion polymerase REV1 stimulated +1 insertions at one nick site but not another, illustrating the potential importance of sequence context in determining the outcome of mutagenic repair. These results highlight the potential for nicks to promote mutagenesis, especially in BRCA-deficient cells, and identify mutagenic signatures of DNA2, REV1, REV3, REV7 and POLQ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinbo Zhang
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Luther Davis
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nancy Maizels
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xue C, Molnarova L, Steinfeld JB, Zhao W, Ma C, Spirek M, Kaniecki K, Kwon Y, Beláň O, Krejci K, Boulton S, Sung P, Greene EC, Krejci L. Single-molecule visualization of human RECQ5 interactions with single-stranded DNA recombination intermediates. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:285-305. [PMID: 33332547 PMCID: PMC7797033 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RECQ5 is one of five RecQ helicases found in humans and is thought to participate in homologous DNA recombination by acting as a negative regulator of the recombinase protein RAD51. Here, we use kinetic and single molecule imaging methods to monitor RECQ5 behavior on various nucleoprotein complexes. Our data demonstrate that RECQ5 can act as an ATP-dependent single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) motor protein and can translocate on ssDNA that is bound by replication protein A (RPA). RECQ5 can also translocate on RAD51-coated ssDNA and readily dismantles RAD51-ssDNA filaments. RECQ5 interacts with RAD51 through protein-protein contacts, and disruption of this interface through a RECQ5-F666A mutation reduces translocation velocity by ∼50%. However, RECQ5 readily removes the ATP hydrolysis-deficient mutant RAD51-K133R from ssDNA, suggesting that filament disruption is not coupled to the RAD51 ATP hydrolysis cycle. RECQ5 also readily removes RAD51-I287T, a RAD51 mutant with enhanced ssDNA-binding activity, from ssDNA. Surprisingly, RECQ5 can bind to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), but it is unable to translocate. Similarly, RECQ5 cannot dismantle RAD51-bound heteroduplex joint molecules. Our results suggest that the roles of RECQ5 in genome maintenance may be regulated in part at the level of substrate specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyou Xue
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lucia Molnarova
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Justin B Steinfeld
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Weixing Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Chujian Ma
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mario Spirek
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Kyle Kaniecki
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Youngho Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ondrej Beláň
- DSB Repair Metabolism Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Katerina Krejci
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno 65691, Czech Republic
| | - Simon J Boulton
- DSB Repair Metabolism Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Eric C Greene
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lumir Krejci
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno 65691, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hamadeh Z, Lansdorp P. RECQL5 at the Intersection of Replication and Transcription. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:324. [PMID: 32523948 PMCID: PMC7262407 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of genome stability is essential to prevent the accumulation of DNA mutations that can initiate oncogenesis and facilitate tumor progression. Studies of DNA repair genes have revealed a highly dynamic and redundant network of genes and proteins responsible for maintaining genome stability. Cancer cells are often deficient in DNA repair, and the resulting genome instability decreases their fitness but also allows for more rapid evolution under selective pressure. Of particular interest for genome stability are the RecQ class of helicases. Five genes in this class, RECQL1, BLM, WRN, RECQL4, and RECQL5, are unique to mammals, as simpler eukaryotes and bacteria appear to have only one homolog, RecQ. The precise role of each of the five mammalian RecQ helicases remains to be determined. Whereas loss of function mutations of BLM, WRN, and RECQL4 in humans are associated with specific diseases, RECQL1 and RECQL5 have not yet been associated with specific disorders. Mice deficient in Recql5 are more likely to develop cancer, and human cells deficient in RECQL5 display chromosomal instability and elevated sister chromatid exchange events, similar to cells deficient in any of the other RecQ helicases. Recent studies support the hypothesis that RECQL5 can resolve intermediate DNA repair structures resulting from the collision of DNA transcription and replication machinery. In this review, we aim to summarize current knowledge regarding RECQL5 in the context of DNA repair, replication, and transcription to help uncover the role of RECQL5 in the maintenance of genome stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeid Hamadeh
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Genome Science and Technology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Lansdorp
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Genome Science and Technology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Barg-Wojas A, Muraszko J, Kramarz K, Schirmeisen K, Baranowska G, Carr AM, Dziadkowiec D. Schizosaccharomyces pombe DNA translocases Rrp1 and Rrp2 have distinct roles at centromeres and telomeres that ensure genome stability. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs230193. [PMID: 31932509 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.230193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of telomere and centromere structure and function is essential for maintaining genome integrity. Schizosaccharomyces pombe Rrp1 and Rrp2 are orthologues of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Uls1, a SWI2/SNF2 DNA translocase and SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase. Here, we show that Rrp1 or Rrp2 overproduction leads to chromosome instability and growth defects, a reduction in global histone levels and mislocalisation of centromere-specific histone Cnp1. These phenotypes depend on putative DNA translocase activities of Rrp1 and Rrp2, suggesting that Rrp1 and Rrp2 may be involved in modulating nucleosome dynamics. Furthermore, we confirm that Rrp2, but not Rrp1, acts at telomeres, reflecting a previously described interaction between Rrp2 and Top2. In conclusion, we identify roles for Rrp1 and Rrp2 in maintaining centromere function by modulating histone dynamics, contributing to the preservation of genome stability during vegetative cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barg-Wojas
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Muraszko
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karol Kramarz
- Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | | | | | - Antony M Carr
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Machour FE, Ayoub N. Transcriptional Regulation at DSBs: Mechanisms and Consequences. Trends Genet 2020; 36:981-997. [PMID: 32001024 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Defective double-strand break (DSB) repair leads to genomic instabilities that may augment carcinogenesis. DSBs trigger transient transcriptional silencing in the vicinity of transcriptionally active genes through multilayered processes instigated by Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), and poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1). Novel factors have been identified that ensure DSB-induced silencing via two distinct pathways: direct inhibition of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) mediated by negative elongation factor (NELF), and histone code editing by CDYL1 and histone deacetylases (HDACs) that catalyze H3K27me3 and erase lysine crotonylation, respectively. Here, we highlight major advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying transcriptional silencing at DSBs, and discuss its functional implications on repair. Furthermore, we discuss consequential links between DSB-silencing factors and carcinogenesis and discuss the potential of exploiting them for targeted cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feras E Machour
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Nabieh Ayoub
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|