1
|
Xu H, Zhang Y, Wang C, Fu Z, Lv J, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Qi Y, Meng K, Yuan J, Wang X. Research progress on the fanconi anemia signaling pathway in non-obstructive azoospermia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1393111. [PMID: 38846492 PMCID: PMC11153779 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1393111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a disease characterized by spermatogenesis failure and comprises phenotypes such as hypospermatogenesis, mature arrest, and Sertoli cell-only syndrome. Studies have shown that FA cross-linked anemia (FA) pathway is closely related to the occurrence of NOA. There are FA gene mutations in male NOA patients, which cause significant damage to male germ cells. The FA pathway is activated in the presence of DNA interstrand cross-links; the key step in activating this pathway is the mono-ubiquitination of the FANCD2-FANCI complex, and the activation of the FA pathway can repair DNA damage such as DNA double-strand breaks. Therefore, we believe that the FA pathway affects germ cells during DNA damage repair, resulting in minimal or even disappearance of mature sperm in males. This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of FA-related genes in male azoospermia, with the aim of providing a theoretical reference for clinical research and exploration of related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haohui Xu
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Caiqin Wang
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zhuoyan Fu
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yufang Yang
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yuanmin Qi
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Kai Meng
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jinxiang Yuan
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu S, Adams SE, Zheng H, Ehnot J, Jung SK, Jeffrey G, Menna T, Purton LE, Lee H, Kurre P. Dynamic Tracking of Native Polyclonal Hematopoiesis in Adult Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.02.587737. [PMID: 38617223 PMCID: PMC11014561 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.02.587737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic dysfunction has been associated with a reduction in the number of active precursors. However, precursor quantification at homeostasis and under diseased conditions is constrained by the scarcity of available methods. To address this issue, we optimized a method for quantifying a wide range of hematopoietic precursors. Assuming the random induction of a stable label in precursors following a binomial distribution, the estimation depends on the inverse correlation between precursor numbers and the variance of precursor labeling among independent samples. Experimentally validated to cover the full dynamic range of hematopoietic precursors in mice (1 to 105), we utilized this approach to demonstrate that thousands of precursors, which emerge after modest expansion during fetal-to-adult transition, contribute to native and perturbed hematopoiesis. We further estimated the number of precursors in a mouse model of Fanconi Anemia, showcasing how repopulation deficits can be segregated into autologous (cell proliferation) and non-autologous causes (lack of precursor). Our results support an accessible and reliable approach for precursor quantification, emphasizing the contemporary perspective that native hematopoiesis is highly polyclonal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suying Liu
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah E. Adams
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Haotian Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Juliana Ehnot
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seul K. Jung
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Greer Jeffrey
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Theresa Menna
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Louise E. Purton
- Stem Cell Regulation Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Hongzhe Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter Kurre
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cao L, He X, Ren J, Wen C, Guo T, Yang F, Qin Y, Chen ZJ, Zhao S, Yang Y. Novel compound heterozygous variants in FANCI cause premature ovarian insufficiency. Hum Genet 2024; 143:357-369. [PMID: 38483614 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-024-02650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a common reproductive aging disorder due to a dramatic decline of ovarian function before 40 years of age. Accumulating evidence reveals that genetic defects, particularly those related to DNA damage response, are a crucial contributing factor to POI. We have demonstrated that the functional Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway maintains the rapid proliferation of primordial germ cells to establish a sufficient reproductive reserve by counteracting replication stress, but the clinical implications of this function in human ovarian function remain to be established. Here, we screened the FANCI gene, which encodes a key component for FA pathway activation, in our whole-exome sequencing database of 1030 patients with idiopathic POI, and identified two pairs of novel compound heterozygous variants, c.[97C > T];[1865C > T] and c.[158-2A > G];[c.959A > G], in two POI patients, respectively. The missense variants did not alter FANCI protein expression and nuclear localization, apart from the variant c.158-2A > G causing abnormal splicing and leading to a truncated mutant p.(S54Pfs*5). Furthermore, the four variants all diminished FANCD2 ubiquitination levels and increased DNA damage under replication stress, suggesting that the FANCI variants impaired FA pathway activation and replication stress response. This study first links replication stress response defects with the pathogenesis of human POI, providing a new insight into the essential roles of the FA genes in ovarian function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Cao
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, #44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xinmiao He
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, #44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jiayi Ren
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, #44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Canxin Wen
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, #44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, #44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yingying Qin
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, #44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, #44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200135, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Shidou Zhao
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, #44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Yajuan Yang
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, #44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Q, Liu J, Zhong Y, Li D, Zhong Y, Ying H, Zhang T. A Fanca knockout mouse model reveals novel Fancd2 function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 696:149454. [PMID: 38217981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetically and clinically heterogenous inherited disorder. Clinically, Fanca subtype patients exhibited milder phenotypes compared to Fancd2 subtypes. Increasing evidence suggests that Fancd2 perform independent functions, but the detailed mechanisms are not well characterized. In this study, we developed a Fanca KO mice model in C57BL/6 background with ATG region deletion, then performed a detailed FA phenotypes characterization and analysis with Fanca KO mice and Fancd2 KO mice in the same congenic background. We found that both the Fanca KO and Fancd2 KO cause severe FA phenotypes in mice. However, Fanca KO mice exhibited milder FA phenotypes comparing to Fancd2 KO mice. Fanca KO mice showed higher embryonic and postnatal survival rate, less congenital eye defects in early development. At adult stage, Fanca KO mice showed increased HSC number and reconstitution function. Furthermore, we did RNA-seq study and identified differential expression of Dlk1 and Dlk1 pathway genes in Fanca KO and Fancd2 KO embryonic cells and adult HSCs. Finally, we revealed that Fancd2 was expressed and physically interact with Dlk1 in Fanca KO cells. Collectively, our findings suggested that Fancd2 has distinct functions in the absence of Fanca.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixinhe Zhong
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongbo Li
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yusen Zhong
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animals & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huazhong Ying
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animals & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animals & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Horan TS, Ascenção CFR, Mellor C, Wang M, Smolka MB, Cohen PE. The DNA helicase FANCJ (BRIP1) functions in double strand break repair processing, but not crossover formation during prophase I of meiosis in male mice. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011175. [PMID: 38377115 PMCID: PMC10906868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination between homologous chromosomes is initiated by the formation of hundreds of programmed double-strand breaks (DSBs). Approximately 10% of these DSBs result in crossovers (COs), sites of physical DNA exchange between homologs that are critical to correct chromosome segregation. Virtually all COs are formed by coordinated efforts of the MSH4/MSH5 and MLH1/MLH3 heterodimers, the latter representing the defining marks of CO sites. The regulation of CO number and position is poorly understood, but undoubtedly requires the coordinated action of multiple repair pathways. In a previous report, we found gene-trap disruption of the DNA helicase, FANCJ (BRIP1/BACH1), elicited elevated numbers of MLH1 foci and chiasmata. In somatic cells, FANCJ interacts with numerous DNA repair proteins including MLH1, and we hypothesized that FANCJ functions with MLH1 to regulate the major CO pathway. To further elucidate the meiotic function of FANCJ, we produced three new Fancj mutant mouse lines via CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing: a full-gene deletion, truncation of the N-terminal Helicase domain, and a C-terminal dual-tagged allele. We also generated an antibody against the C-terminus of the mouse FANCJ protein. Surprisingly, none of our Fancj mutants show any change in either MLH1 focus counts during pachynema or total CO number at diakinesis of prophase I. We find evidence that FANCJ and MLH1 do not interact in meiosis; further, FANCJ does not co-localize with MSH4, MLH1, or MLH3 in meiosis. Instead, FANCJ co-localizes with BRCA1 and TOPBP1, forming discrete foci along the chromosome cores beginning in early meiotic prophase I and densely localized to unsynapsed chromosome axes in late zygonema and to the XY chromosomes in early pachynema. Fancj mutants also exhibit a subtle persistence of DSBs in pachynema. Collectively, these data indicate a role for FANCJ in early DSB repair, but they rule out a role for FANCJ in MLH1-mediated CO events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tegan S. Horan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Carolline F. R. Ascenção
- Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher Mellor
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Marcus B. Smolka
- Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Paula E. Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cai Z, Duan Y, Li W, Liu Z, Gong Z, Hong S, He X, Xuanyuan X, Chen Y, Bi X, Wang W. FANCI serve as a prognostic biomarker correlated with immune infiltrates in skin cutaneous melanoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1295831. [PMID: 38077326 PMCID: PMC10703153 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1295831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a member of tumor, Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) poses a serious threat to people's health because of its strong malignancy. Unfortunately, effective treatment methods for SKCM remain lacking. FANCI plays a vital role in the occurrence and metastasis of various tumor types. However, its regulatory role in SKCM is unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the association of FANCI with SKCM. Methods This study investigated the expression of FANCI in GSE46517, GSE15605, and GSE114445 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-SKCM datasets using the package "limma" or "DESeq2" in R environment and also investigated the prognostic significance of FANCI by utilizing the GEPIA database. Additionally, our research made use of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining to verify FANCI expression between SKCM and normal tissues and developed the knockdown of FANCI in A375 and A875 cells to further analyze the function of FANCI. Finally, this study analyzed the correlation of FANCI and tumor-infiltrating immune cells by CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE, and ssGSEA algorithms. Results The FANCI level was increasing in SKCM tissues from GSE46517, GSE15605, GSE114445, and TCGA-SKCM. However, high FANCI expression correlated with poor overall survival. The RT-qPCR and IHC confirmed the accuracy of bioinformatics. Knocking down FANCI suppresses A375 and A875 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. FANCI could be involved in the immunological milieu of SKCM by regulating immune responses and infiltrating numerous immune cells, particularly neutrophils, CD8+ T cells, and B cells. Furthermore, patients with SKCM who have a high FANCI expression level are reported to exhibit immunosuppression, whereas those with a low FANCI expression level are more likely to experience positive outcomes from immunotherapy. Conclusions The increased FANCI expression in SKCM can be a prognostic biomarker. Knockdown FANCI can reduce the occurrence and progression of SKCM. The FANCI expression provides a foundation for predicting the immune status and treatment of SKCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjuan Duan
- Department of Dermatology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Dermatology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuohang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University/Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijun Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu He
- Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyang Xuanyuan
- Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youdong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinling Bi
- Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuqing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Horan TS, Ascenção CFR, Mellor CA, Wang M, Smolka MB, Cohen PE. The DNA helicase FANCJ (BRIP1) functions in Double Strand Break repair processing, but not crossover formation during Prophase I of meiosis in male mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.06.561296. [PMID: 37873301 PMCID: PMC10592954 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.06.561296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
During meiotic prophase I, recombination between homologous parental chromosomes is initiated by the formation of hundreds of programmed double-strand breaks (DSBs), each of which must be repaired with absolute fidelity to ensure genome stability of the germline. One outcome of these DSB events is the formation of Crossovers (COs), the sites of physical DNA exchange between homologs that are critical to ensure the correct segregation of parental chromosomes. However, COs account for only a small (~10%) proportion of all DSB repair events; the remaining 90% are repaired as non-crossovers (NCOs), most by synthesis dependent strand annealing. Virtually all COs are formed by coordinated efforts of the MSH4/MSH5 and MLH1/MLH3 heterodimers. The number and positioning of COs is exquisitely controlled via mechanisms that remain poorly understood, but which undoubtedly require the coordinated action of multiple repair pathways downstream of the initiating DSB. In a previous report we found evidence suggesting that the DNA helicase and Fanconi Anemia repair protein, FANCJ (BRIP1/BACH1), functions to regulate meiotic recombination in mouse. A gene-trap disruption of Fancj showed an elevated number of MLH1 foci and COs. FANCJ is known to interact with numerous DNA repair proteins in somatic cell repair contexts, including MLH1, BLM, BRCA1, and TOPBP1, and we hypothesized that FANCJ regulates CO formation through a direct interaction with MLH1 to suppress the major CO pathway. To further elucidate the function of FANCJ in meiosis, we produced three new Fancj mutant mouse lines via CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing: a full-gene deletion, a mutant line lacking the MLH1 interaction site and the N-terminal region of the Helicase domain, and a C-terminal 6xHIS-HA dual-tagged allele of Fancj. We also generated an antibody against the C-terminus of the mouse FANCJ protein. Surprisingly, while Fanconi-like phenotypes are observed within the somatic cell lineages of the full deletion Fancj line, none of the Fancj mutants show any change in either MLH1 focus counts during pachynema or total CO number at diakinesis of prophase I of meiosis. We find evidence that FANCJ and MLH1 do not interact in meiosis; further, FANCJ does not co-localize with MSH4, MLH1, or MLH3 during late prophase I. Instead, FANCJ forms discrete foci along the chromosome cores beginning in early meiotic prophase I, occasionally co-localizing with MSH4, and then becomes densely localized on unsynapsed chromosome axes in late zygonema and to the XY chromosomes in early pachynema. Strikingly, this localization strongly overlaps with BRCA1 and TOPBP1. Fancj mutants also exhibit a subtle persistence of DSBs in pachynema. Collectively, these data suggest a role for FANCJ in early DSB repair events, and possibly in the formation of NCOs, but they rule out a role for FANCJ in MLH1-mediated CO events. Thus, the role of FANCJ in meiotic cells involves different pathways and different interactors to those described in somatic cell lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tegan S Horan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Carolline F R Ascenção
- Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | | | - Meng Wang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Marcus B Smolka
- Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Paula E Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu W, Polaczek P, Roubal I, Meng Y, Choe WC, Caron MC, Sedgeman C, Xi Y, Liu C, Wu Q, Zheng L, Masson JY, Shen B, Campbell J. FANCD2 and RAD51 recombinase directly inhibit DNA2 nuclease at stalled replication forks and FANCD2 acts as a novel RAD51 mediator in strand exchange to promote genome stability. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:9144-9165. [PMID: 37526271 PMCID: PMC10516637 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
FANCD2 protein, a key coordinator and effector of the interstrand crosslink repair pathway, is also required to prevent excessive nascent strand degradation at hydroxyurea-induced stalled forks. The RAD51 recombinase has also been implicated in regulation of resection at stalled replication forks. The mechanistic contributions of these proteins to fork protection are not well understood. Here, we used purified FANCD2 and RAD51 to study how each protein regulates DNA resection at stalled forks. We characterized three mechanisms of FANCD2-mediated fork protection: (1) The N-terminal domain of FANCD2 inhibits the essential DNA2 nuclease activity by directly binding to DNA2 accounting for over-resection in FANCD2 defective cells. (2) Independent of dimerization with FANCI, FANCD2 itself stabilizes RAD51 filaments to inhibit multiple nucleases, including DNA2, MRE11 and EXO1. (3) Unexpectedly, we uncovered a new FANCD2 function: by stabilizing RAD51 filaments, FANCD2 acts to stimulate the strand exchange activity of RAD51. Our work biochemically explains non-canonical mechanisms by which FANCD2 and RAD51 protect stalled forks. We propose a model in which the strand exchange activity of FANCD2 provides a simple molecular explanation for genetic interactions between FANCD2 and BRCA2 in the FA/BRCA fork protection pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Liu
- Braun Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Colleges of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Piotr Polaczek
- Braun Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ivan Roubal
- Braun Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yuan Meng
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
- Colleges of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Won-chae Choe
- Braun Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Marie-Christine Caron
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Carl A Sedgeman
- Braun Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yu Xi
- Colleges of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Changwei Liu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
- Colleges of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology; Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Binghui Shen
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Judith L Campbell
- Braun Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shah R, van den Berk PCM, Pritchard CEJ, Song JY, Kreft M, Pilzecker B, Jacobs H. A C57BL/6J Fancg-KO Mouse Model Generated by CRISPR/Cas9 Partially Captures the Human Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11129. [PMID: 37446306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) develops due to a mutation in one of the FANC genes that are involved in the repair of interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). FANCG, a member of the FA core complex, is essential for ICL repair. Previous FANCG-deficient mouse models were generated with drug-based selection cassettes in mixed mice backgrounds, leading to a disparity in the interpretation of genotype-related phenotype. We created a Fancg-KO (KO) mouse model using CRISPR/Cas9 to exclude these confounders. The entire Fancg locus was targeted and maintained on the immunological well-characterized C57BL/6J background. The intercrossing of heterozygous mice resulted in sub-Mendelian numbers of homozygous mice, suggesting the loss of FANCG can be embryonically lethal. KO mice displayed infertility and hypogonadism, but no other developmental problems. Bone marrow analysis revealed a defect in various hematopoietic stem and progenitor subsets with a bias towards myelopoiesis. Cell lines derived from Fancg-KO mice were hypersensitive to the crosslinking agents cisplatin and Mitomycin C, and Fancg-KO mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) displayed increased γ-H2AX upon cisplatin treatment. The reconstitution of these MEFs with Fancg cDNA corrected for the ICL hypersensitivity. This project provides a new, genetically, and immunologically well-defined Fancg-KO mouse model for further in vivo and in vitro studies on FANCG and ICL repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronak Shah
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul C M van den Berk
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin E J Pritchard
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Transgenic Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ji-Ying Song
- Department of Experimental Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Kreft
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Pilzecker
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heinz Jacobs
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Macri M, Luigi-Sierra MG, Guan D, Delgado JV, Alvarez JF, Amills M, Martínez AM. Univariate and multivariate genome-wide association studies for hematological traits in Murciano-Granadina goats. Anim Genet 2023. [PMID: 37127297 DOI: 10.1111/age.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hematological traits are important indicators of health status, and they are frequently used as criteria for clinical diagnosis. In humans, the genomic architecture of blood traits has been investigated in depth and thousands of associations with genetic variants have been found. In contrast, the association between marker genotypes and the variation of hematological traits has not been investigated in goats yet. Herewith, we have recorded 12 hematological parameters in 882 Murciano-Granadina goats that were also genotyped with the Goat SNP50 BeadChip (Illumina). Performance of a univariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) made it possible to detect one genomic region on goat chromosome (CHI) 21 (19.2-19.5 Mb) associated, at the genome-wide level of significance, with 4 red blood cell traits. The three markers displaying the highest significances were rs268272996 (CHI21: 19225290 bp), rs268273004 (CHI21: 19565629 bp) and rs268239059 (CHI13: 9615190 bp). Consistently, a multivariate GWAS indicated that the rs268273004 marker on chromosome 21 is associated with seven blood cell traits. Interestingly, this marker maps close to the FA Complementation Group I (FANCI) gene (CHI21: 20021947-20077025 bp), which is functionally related to Fanconi anemia, a syndrome characterized by bone marrow failure, aplastic anemia, and congenital disorders. We have also uncovered additional chromosome-wide significant associations between genetic markers and erythrocyte and leukocyte traits in the univariate GWAS. These findings evidence that the phenotypic variation of hematological traits in goats is regulated, at least to some extent, by polygenic determinants distributed in multiple chromosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Macri
- Animal Breeding Consulting S.L. Parque Científico Tecnológico de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Maria Gracia Luigi-Sierra
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Dailu Guan
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Juan Vicente Delgado
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández Alvarez
- Asociación Nacional de Criadores de Caprino de Raza Murciano-Granadina (CAPRIGRAN), Granada, Spain
| | - Marcel Amills
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Amparo Martínez Martínez
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen M, Jiang H, Zhang C. Selected Genetic Factors Associated with Primary Ovarian Insufficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054423. [PMID: 36901862 PMCID: PMC10002966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a heterogeneous disease resulting from non-functional ovaries in women before the age of 40. It is characterized by primary amenorrhea or secondary amenorrhea. As regards its etiology, although many POI cases are idiopathic, menopausal age is a heritable trait and genetic factors play an important role in all POI cases with known causes, accounting for approximately 20% to 25% of cases. This paper reviews the selected genetic causes implicated in POI and examines their pathogenic mechanisms to show the crucial role of genetic effects on POI. The genetic factors that can be found in POI cases include chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., X chromosomal aneuploidies, structural X chromosomal abnormalities, X-autosome translocations, and autosomal variations), single gene mutations (e.g., newborn ovary homeobox gene (NOBOX), folliculogenesis specific bHLH transcription factor (FIGLA), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), forkhead box L2 (FOXL2), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), etc., as well as defects in mitochondrial functions and non-coding RNAs (small ncRNAs and long ncRNAs). These findings are beneficial for doctors to diagnose idiopathic POI cases and predict the risk of POI in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengchi Chen
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Haotian Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
DNA repair protein FANCD2 has both ubiquitination-dependent and ubiquitination-independent functions during germ cell development. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102905. [PMID: 36642183 PMCID: PMC9971320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
When DNA interstrand crosslink lesions occur, a core complex of Fanconi anemia proteins promotes the ubiquitination of FANCD2 and FANCI, which recruit downstream factors to repair the lesion. However, FANCD2 maintains genome stability not only through its ubiquitination-dependent but also its ubiquitination-independent functions in various DNA damage response pathways. Increasing evidence suggests that FANCD2 is essential for fertility, but its ubiquitination-dependent and ubiquitination-independent roles during germ cell development are not well characterized. In this study, we analyzed germ cell development in Fancd2 KO and ubiquitination-deficient mutant (Fancd2K559R/K559R) mice. We showed that in the embryonic stage, both the ubiquitination-dependent and ubiquitination-independent functions of FANCD2 were required for the expansion of primordial germ cells and establishment of the reproductive reserve by reducing transcription-replication conflicts and thus maintaining genome stability in primordial germ cells. Furthermore, we found that during meiosis in spermatogenesis, FANCD2 promoted chromosome synapsis and regulated crossover formation independently of its ubiquitination, but that both ubiquitinated and nonubiquitinated FANCD2 functioned in programmed double strand break repair. Finally, we revealed that on meiotic XY chromosomes, H3K4me2 accumulation required ubiquitination-independent functionality of FANCD2, while the regulation of H3K9me2 and H3K9me3 depended on FANCD2 ubiquitination. Taken together, our findings suggest that FANCD2 has distinct functions that are both dependent on and independent of its ubiquitination during germ cell development.
Collapse
|
13
|
Errazquin R, Page A, Suñol A, Segrelles C, Carrasco E, Peral J, Garrido-Aranda A, Del Marro S, Ortiz J, Lorz C, Minguillon J, Surralles J, Belendez C, Alvarez M, Balmaña J, Bravo A, Ramirez A, Garcia-Escudero R. Development of a mouse model for spontaneous oral squamous cell carcinoma in Fanconi anemia. Oral Oncol 2022; 134:106184. [PMID: 36191479 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) patients frequently develop oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This cancer in FA patients is diagnosed within the first 3-4 decades of life, very often preceded by lesions that suffer a malignant transformation. In addition, they respond poorly to current treatments due to toxicity or multiple recurrences. Translational research on new chemopreventive agents and therapeutic strategies has been unsuccessful partly due to scarcity of disease models or failure to fully reproduce the disease. Here we report that Fanca gene knockout mice (Fanca-/-) frequently display pre-malignant lesions in the oral cavity. Moreover, when these animals were crossed with animals having conditional deletion of Trp53 gene in oral mucosa (K14cre;Trp53F2-10/F2-10), they spontaneously developed OSCC with high penetrance and a median latency of less than ten months. Tumors were well differentiated and expressed markers of squamous differentiation, such as keratins K5 and K10. In conclusion, Fanca and Trp53 genes cooperate to suppress oral cancer in mice, and Fanca-/-;K14cre;Trp53F2-10/F2-10 mice constitute the first animal model of spontaneous OSCC in FA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Errazquin
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Av Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angustias Page
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Av Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Suñol
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group and Medical Oncology Department, VHIO, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Segrelles
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Av Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Carrasco
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group and Medical Oncology Department, VHIO, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Peral
- Biomedical Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Del Marro
- Biomedical Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Ortiz
- Biomedical Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Corina Lorz
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Av Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Minguillon
- Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB-Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Surralles
- Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB-Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Belendez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martina Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (CIMES), Malaga, Spain
| | - Judith Balmaña
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group and Medical Oncology Department, VHIO, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Bravo
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Pathology Phenotyping of Genetically Engineered Mice, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Angel Ramirez
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Av Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Garcia-Escudero
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Av Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Transcription-replication conflicts in primordial germ cells necessitate the Fanconi anemia pathway to safeguard genome stability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203208119. [PMID: 35969748 PMCID: PMC9407672 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203208119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ cells are capable of preserving their genetic information with high fidelity. We report that rapidly dividing mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) are faced with high levels of endogenous replication stress due to frequent occurrence of transcription–replication conflicts (TRCs). Thus, PGCs have an increased requirement for the replication-coupled Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway to counteract TRC-induced replication stress, enabling their rapid proliferation to establish a sufficient reproductive reserve. This work provides insights into the unique genome feature of developing PGCs and helps to explain the reproductive defects in FA individuals. Preserving a high degree of genome integrity and stability in germ cells is of utmost importance for reproduction and species propagation. However, the regulatory mechanisms of maintaining genome stability in the developing primordial germ cells (PGCs), in which rapid proliferation is coupled with global hypertranscription, remain largely unknown. Here, we find that mouse PGCs encounter a constitutively high frequency of transcription–replication conflicts (TRCs), which lead to R-loop accumulation and impose endogenous replication stress on PGCs. We further demonstrate that the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway is activated by TRCs and has a central role in the coordination between replication and transcription in the rapidly proliferating PGCs, as disabling the FA pathway leads to TRC and R-loop accumulation, replication fork destabilization, increased DNA damage, dramatic loss of mitotically dividing mouse PGCs, and consequent sterility of both sexes. Overall, our findings uncover the unique source and resolving mechanism of endogenous replication stress during PGC proliferation, provide a biological explanation for reproductive defects in individuals with FA, and improve our understanding of the monitoring strategies for genome stability during germ cell development.
Collapse
|
15
|
Peake JD, Noguchi E. Fanconi anemia: current insights regarding epidemiology, cancer, and DNA repair. Hum Genet 2022; 141:1811-1836. [PMID: 35596788 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia is a genetic disorder that is characterized by bone marrow failure, as well as a predisposition to malignancies including leukemia and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). At least 22 genes are associated with Fanconi anemia, constituting the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway. This pathway coordinates multiple processes and proteins to facilitate the repair of DNA adducts including interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) that are generated by environmental carcinogens, chemotherapeutic crosslinkers, and metabolic products of alcohol. ICLs can interfere with DNA transactions, including replication and transcription. If not properly removed and repaired, ICLs cause DNA breaks and lead to genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer. In this review, we will discuss the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of Fanconi anemia, the epidemiology of the disease, and associated cancer risk. The sources of ICLs and the role of ICL-inducing chemotherapeutic agents will also be discussed. Finally, we will review the detailed mechanisms of ICL repair via the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway, highlighting critical regulatory processes. Together, the information in this review will underscore important contributions to Fanconi anemia research in the past two decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine D Peake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Eishi Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu W, Teodorescu P, Halene S, Ghiaur G. The Coming of Age of Preclinical Models of MDS. Front Oncol 2022; 12:815037. [PMID: 35372085 PMCID: PMC8966105 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.815037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal bone-marrow diseases with ineffective hematopoiesis resulting in cytopenias and morphologic dysplasia of hematopoietic cells. MDS carry a wide spectrum of genetic abnormalities, ranging from chromosomal abnormalities such as deletions/additions, to recurrent mutations affecting the spliceosome, epigenetic modifiers, or transcription factors. As opposed to AML, research in MDS has been hindered by the lack of preclinical models that faithfully replicate the complexity of the disease and capture the heterogeneity. The complex molecular landscape of the disease poses a unique challenge when creating transgenic mouse-models. In addition, primary MDS cells are difficult to manipulate ex vivo limiting in vitro studies and resulting in a paucity of cell lines and patient derived xenograft models. In recent years, progress has been made in the development of both transgenic and xenograft murine models advancing our understanding of individual contributors to MDS pathology as well as the complex primary interplay of genetic and microenvironment aberrations. We here present a comprehensive review of these transgenic and xenograft models for MDS and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Section of Hematology, Yale Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Patric Teodorescu
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stephanie Halene
- Section of Hematology, Yale Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li Y, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Zhou X, Guo Y, Ding F, Liu Z, Luo A. Silencing of FANCI Promotes DNA Damage and Sensitizes Ovarian Cancer Cells to Carboplatin. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:591-602. [PMID: 35362384 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220331091709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OVCA) has unique epigenetic alterations and defects in homologous recombination (HR). Despite initial sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy, HR dysfunctional tumors eventually acquire drug resistance. Fanconi anemia (FA) is characterized by bone marrow failure (BMF) and a reduced ability to eradicate DNA interstrand cross-links (ICL). However, the mechanism of chemoresistance mediated by FANCI was unclear in OVCA. OBJECTIVE We explore to identify whether FANCI was involved in chemoresistance in OVCA. METHODS FANCI expression and epigenetic alterations were analyzed, respectively, using TIMER and cBioPortal. The correlation between FANCI expression and the survival of OVCA patients was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier Plotter, GSE63885 and TCGA-OVCA database. FANCI expression in OVCA was detected by immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in FANCI inhibiting cells were assessed by CCK8 and Transwell. Apoptosis and DNA damage were examined by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Meanwhile, the activity of caspase 3/7 was detected by Caspase-Glo® 3/7 kit. In addition, the expression of FANCI, γH2AX, and apoptosis effectors was examined by western blot. RESULTS FANCI has copy number variations (CNVs) in OVCA. The high expression of FANCI in OVCA patients was associated with poor survival. Moreover, FANCI expression was correlated with the response to chemotherapy in OVCA. FANCI expression in OVCA cells was induced by carboplatin in a time-dependent manner. Silencing of FANCI had no effect on cell proliferation, but it hindered OVCA cell migration and invasion. Mechanically, knockdown of FANCI enhanced DNA damage induced apoptosis through CHK1/2-P53-P21 pathway. CONCLUSION FANCI may be a potential therapeutic target for OVCA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P. R. China
| | - Xuantong Zhou
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P. R. China
| | - Fang Ding
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P. R. China
| | - Aiping Luo
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fierheller CT, Guitton-Sert L, Alenezi WM, Revil T, Oros KK, Gao Y, Bedard K, Arcand SL, Serruya C, Behl S, Meunier L, Fleury H, Fewings E, Subramanian DN, Nadaf J, Bruce JP, Bell R, Provencher D, Foulkes WD, El Haffaf Z, Mes-Masson AM, Majewski J, Pugh TJ, Tischkowitz M, James PA, Campbell IG, Greenwood CMT, Ragoussis J, Masson JY, Tonin PN. A functionally impaired missense variant identified in French Canadian families implicates FANCI as a candidate ovarian cancer-predisposing gene. Genome Med 2021; 13:186. [PMID: 34861889 PMCID: PMC8642877 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Familial ovarian cancer (OC) cases not harbouring pathogenic variants in either of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 OC-predisposing genes, which function in homologous recombination (HR) of DNA, could involve pathogenic variants in other DNA repair pathway genes. Methods Whole exome sequencing was used to identify rare variants in HR genes in a BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant negative OC family of French Canadian (FC) ancestry, a population exhibiting genetic drift. OC cases and cancer-free individuals from FC and non-FC populations were investigated for carrier frequency of FANCI c.1813C>T; p.L605F, the top-ranking candidate. Gene and protein expression were investigated in cancer cell lines and tissue microarrays, respectively. Results In FC subjects, c.1813C>T was more common in familial (7.1%, 3/42) than sporadic (1.6%, 7/439) OC cases (P = 0.048). Carriers were detected in 2.5% (74/2950) of cancer-free females though female/male carriers were more likely to have a first-degree relative with OC (121/5249, 2.3%; Spearman correlation = 0.037; P = 0.011), suggesting a role in risk. Many of the cancer-free females had host factors known to reduce risk to OC which could influence cancer risk in this population. There was an increased carrier frequency of FANCI c.1813C>T in BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant negative OC families, when including the discovery family, compared to cancer-free females (3/23, 13%; OR = 5.8; 95%CI = 1.7–19; P = 0.005). In non-FC subjects, 10 candidate FANCI variants were identified in 4.1% (21/516) of Australian OC cases negative for pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2, including 10 carriers of FANCI c.1813C>T. Candidate variants were significantly more common in familial OC than in sporadic OC (P = 0.04). Localization of FANCD2, part of the FANCI-FANCD2 (ID2) binding complex in the Fanconi anaemia (FA) pathway, to sites of induced DNA damage was severely impeded in cells expressing the p.L605F isoform. This isoform was expressed at a reduced level, destabilized by DNA damaging agent treatment in both HeLa and OC cell lines, and exhibited sensitivity to cisplatin but not to a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor. By tissue microarray analyses, FANCI protein was consistently expressed in fallopian tube epithelial cells and only expressed at low-to-moderate levels in 88% (83/94) of OC samples. Conclusions This is the first study to describe candidate OC variants in FANCI, a member of the ID2 complex of the FA DNA repair pathway. Our data suggest that pathogenic FANCI variants may modify OC risk in cancer families. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13073-021-00998-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin T Fierheller
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Cancer Research Program, Centre for Translational Biology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3 J1, Canada
| | - Laure Guitton-Sert
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Oncology Division, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wejdan M Alenezi
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Cancer Research Program, Centre for Translational Biology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3 J1, Canada.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Timothée Revil
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kathleen K Oros
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yuandi Gao
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Oncology Division, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karine Bedard
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Suzanna L Arcand
- Cancer Research Program, Centre for Translational Biology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3 J1, Canada
| | - Corinne Serruya
- Cancer Research Program, Centre for Translational Biology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3 J1, Canada
| | - Supriya Behl
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Liliane Meunier
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hubert Fleury
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eleanor Fewings
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Deepak N Subramanian
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Javad Nadaf
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeffrey P Bruce
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Bell
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diane Provencher
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Cancer Research Program, Centre for Translational Biology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3 J1, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zaki El Haffaf
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul A James
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian G Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Celia M T Greenwood
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Oncology Division, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patricia N Tonin
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Cancer Research Program, Centre for Translational Biology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3 J1, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhan S, Siu J, Wang Z, Yu H, Bezabeh T, Deng Y, Du W, Fei P. Focal Point of Fanconi Anemia Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12976. [PMID: 34884777 PMCID: PMC8657418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among human genetic diseases, Fanconi Anemia (FA) tops all with its largest number of health complications in nearly all human organ systems, suggesting the significant roles played by FA genes in the maintenance of human health. With the accumulated research on FA, the encoded protein products by FA genes have been building up to the biggest cell defense signaling network, composed of not only 22+ FA proteins but also ATM, ATR, and many other non-FA proteins. The FA D2 group protein (FANCD2) and its paralog form the focal point of FA signaling to converge the effects of its upstream players in response to a variety of cellular insults and simultaneously with downstream players to protect humans from contracting diseases, including aging and cancer. In this review, we update and discuss how the FA signaling crucially eases cellular stresses through understanding its focal point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudong Zhan
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Jolene Siu
- Student Research Experience Program of University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
| | - Zhanwei Wang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Herbert Yu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Tedros Bezabeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA;
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
| | - Wei Du
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA;
| | - Peiwen Fei
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.Y.)
- Student Research Experience Program of University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tip60 might be a candidate for the acetylation of hepatic carbonic anhydrase I and III in mice. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7397-7404. [PMID: 34651296 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) play a significant role in maintaining pH balance by catalyzing the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. The regulation of pH is critical for all living organisms. Although there are many studies in the literature on the biochemical, functional, and structural features of CAs, there is not sufficient information about the epigenetic regulation of CAs. METHODS AND RESULTS The lysine acetyltransferase TIP60 (60 kDa Tat-interactive protein) was knocked out specifically in mouse liver using the Cre/loxP system, and knockout rate was shown as 83-88% by Southern blot analysis. The impact of Tip60 on the expression of Ca1, Ca3, and Ca7 was investigated at six Zeitgeber time (ZT) points in the control and liver-specific Tip60 knockout mice (mutant) groups by real-time PCR. In the control group, while Ca1 showed the highest expression at ZT8 and ZT12, the lowest expression profile was observed at ZT0 and ZT20. Hepatic Ca1 displayed robust circadian expression. However, hepatic Ca3 exhibited almost the same level of expression at all ZT points. The highest expression of Ca7 was observed at ZT12, and the lowest expression was determined at ZT4. Furthermore, hepatic Ca7 also showed robust circadian expression. The expression of Ca1 and Ca3 significantly decreased in mutant mice at all time periods, but the expression of Ca7 used as a negative control was not affected. CONCLUSIONS It was suggested for the first time that Tip60 might be considered a candidate protein in the regulation of the Ca1 and Ca3 genes, possibly by acetylation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang T, Chen X, Jing F, Li Z, Tan H, Luo Y, Shi H. Identifying the hub genes in non-small cell lung cancer by integrated bioinformatics methods and analyzing the prognostic values. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 228:153654. [PMID: 34749208 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer, a malignant tumor, has the highest mortality and second most common morbidity worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common pathological subtype of lung cancer. This study aimed to identify the gene signature associated with the NSCLC prognosis using bioinformatics analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dataset GSE103512 was utilized to construct co-expression networks using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed using Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. Gene set enrichment analysis was conducted to ascertain the function of the hub genes more accurately. The relationship between the hub genes and immune infiltration was investigated using a single sample gene set enrichment analysis. Hub genes were screened and validated by other datasets and online websites. RESULTS The results of WGCNA demonstrated that the blue module was most significantly related to tumor progression in NSCLC. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the blue module was associated with DNA replication, cell division, mitotic nuclear division, and cell cycle. A total of five hub genes (RFC5, UBE2S, CHAF1A, FANCI, and TMEM194A) were chosen to be identified and validated at transcriptional and translational levels. Receiver operating characteristic curve verified that the mRNA levels of these five genes can excellently discriminate between normal and tumor tissues. Survival analysis was also performed. Additionally, the protein levels of these five genes were also significantly different between tumor and normal tissues. Immune infiltration analysis showed that the expression levels of the hub genes had a negative correlation with the infiltration levels of many cells related to innate immune response, antigen-presenting process, humoral immune response, or T cell-mediated immune responses. CONCLUSIONS We identified five hub genes associated with the NSCLC tumorigenesis. NSCLC patients with higher expressions of each hub gene had a worse prognosis than those with lower expressions. Moreover, the hub genes might serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for precise diagnosis, target therapy, and immunotherapy of NSCLC in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengyong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Fangqi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zehua Li
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huaicheng Tan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiqiao Luo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huashan Shi
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu L, Xu W, Li D, Yu X, Gao F, Qin Y, Yang Y, Zhao S. FANCI plays an essential role in spermatogenesis and regulates meiotic histone methylation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:780. [PMID: 34373449 PMCID: PMC8353022 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
FANCI is an essential component of Fanconi anemia pathway, which is responsible for the repair of DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs). As an evolutionarily related partner of FANCD2, FANCI functions together with FANCD2 downstream of FA core complex. Currently, growing evidences showed that the essential role of FA pathway in male fertility. However, the underlying mechanisms for FANCI in regulating spermatogenesis remain unclear. In the present study, we found that the male Fanci−/− mice were sterile and exhibited abnormal spermatogenesis, including massive germ cell apoptosis in seminiferous tubules and dramatically decreased number of sperms in epididymis. Besides, FANCI deletion impaired maintenance of undifferentiated spermatogonia. Further investigation indicated that FANCI was essential for FANCD2 foci formation and regulated H3K4 and H3K9 methylation on meiotic sex chromosomes. These findings elucidate the role and mechanism of FANCI during spermatogenesis in mice and provide new insights into the etiology and molecular basis of nonobstructive azoospermia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Duan Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yajuan Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China. .,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
| | - Shidou Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang Q, Mumusoglu S, Qin Y, Sun Y, Hsueh AJ. A kaleidoscopic view of ovarian genes associated with premature ovarian insufficiency and senescence. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21753. [PMID: 34233068 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100756r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian infertility and subfertility presenting with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and diminished ovarian reserve are major issues facing the developed world due to the trend of delaying childbirth. Ovarian senescence and POI represent a continuum of physiological/pathophysiological changes in ovarian follicle functions. Based on advances in whole exome sequencing, evaluation of gene copy variants, together with family-based and genome-wide association studies, we discussed genes responsible for POI and ovarian senescence. We used a gene-centric approach to sort out literature deposited in the Ovarian Kaleidoscope database (http://okdb.appliedbioinfo.net) by sub-categorizing candidate genes as ligand-receptor signaling, meiosis and DNA repair, transcriptional factors, RNA metabolism, enzymes, and others. We discussed individual gene mutations found in POI patients and verification of gene functions in gene-deleted model organisms. Decreased expression of some of the POI genes could be responsible for ovarian senescence, especially those essential for DNA repair, meiosis and mitochondrial functions. We propose to set up a candidate gene panel for targeted sequencing in POI patients together with studies on mitochondria-associated genes in middle-aged subfertile patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sezcan Mumusoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingpu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aaron J Hsueh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shah RB, Kernan JL, van Hoogstraten A, Ando K, Li Y, Belcher AL, Mininger I, Bussenault AM, Raman R, Ramanagoudr-Bhojappa R, Huang TT, D'Andrea AD, Chandrasekharappa SC, Aggarwal AK, Thompson R, Sidi S. FANCI functions as a repair/apoptosis switch in response to DNA crosslinks. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2207-2222.e7. [PMID: 34256011 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cells counter DNA damage through repair or apoptosis, yet a direct mechanism for this choice has remained elusive. When facing interstrand crosslinks (ICLs), the ICL-repair protein FANCI heterodimerizes with FANCD2 to initiate ICL excision. We found that FANCI alternatively interacts with a pro-apoptotic factor, PIDD1, to enable PIDDosome (PIDD1-RAIDD-caspase-2) formation and apoptotic death. FANCI switches from FANCD2/repair to PIDD1/apoptosis signaling in the event of ICL-repair failure. Specifically, removing key endonucleases downstream of FANCI/FANCD2, increasing ICL levels, or allowing damaged cells into mitosis (when repair is suppressed) all suffice for switching. Reciprocally, apoptosis-committed FANCI reverts from PIDD1 to FANCD2 after a failed attempt to assemble the PIDDosome. Monoubiquitination and deubiquitination at FANCI K523 impact interactor selection. These data unveil a repair-or-apoptosis switch in eukaryotes. Beyond ensuring the removal of unrepaired genomes, the switch's bidirectionality reveals that damaged cells can offset apoptotic defects via de novo attempts at lesion repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richa B Shah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer L Kernan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anya van Hoogstraten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kiyohiro Ando
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alicia L Belcher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ivy Mininger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrei M Bussenault
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renuka Raman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramanagouda Ramanagoudr-Bhojappa
- Cancer Genomics Unit, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tony T Huang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Settara C Chandrasekharappa
- Cancer Genomics Unit, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aneel K Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth Thompson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Samuel Sidi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fanconi anemia proteins participate in a break-induced-replication-like pathway to counter replication stress. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:487-500. [PMID: 34117478 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a devastating hereditary disease characterized by bone marrow failure (BMF) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). As FA-deficient cells are hypersensitive to DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs), ICLs are widely assumed to be the lesions responsible for FA symptoms. Here, we show that FA-mutated cells are hypersensitive to persistent replication stress and that FA proteins play a role in the break-induced-replication (BIR)-like pathway for fork restart. Both the BIR-like pathway and ICL repair share almost identical molecular mechanisms of 53BP1-BRCA1-controlled signaling response, SLX4- and FAN1-mediated fork cleavage and POLD3-dependent DNA synthesis, suggesting that the FA pathway is intrinsically one of the BIR-like pathways. Replication stress not only triggers BMF in FA-deficient mice, but also specifically induces monosomy 7, which is associated with progression to AML in patients with FA, in FA-deficient cells.
Collapse
|
26
|
Animal models of Fanconi anemia: A developmental and therapeutic perspective on a multifaceted disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 113:113-131. [PMID: 33558144 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder characterized by developmental abnormalities, progressive bone marrow failure, and increased susceptibility to cancer. FA animal models have been useful to understand the pathogenesis of the disease. Herein, we review FA developmental models that have been developed to simulate human FA, focusing on zebrafish and mouse models. We summarize the recapitulated phenotypes observed in these in vivo models including bone, gametogenesis and sterility defects, as well as marrow failure. We also discuss the relevance of aldehydes in pathogenesis of FA, emphasizing on hematopoietic defects. In addition, we provide a summary of potential therapeutic agents, such as aldehyde scavengers, TGFβ inhibitors, and gene therapy for FA. The diversity of FA animal models makes them useful for understanding FA etiology and allows the discovery of new therapies.
Collapse
|
27
|
DNA polymerase ι compensates for Fanconi anemia pathway deficiency by countering DNA replication stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:33436-33445. [PMID: 33376220 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008821117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is caused by defects in cellular responses to DNA crosslinking damage and replication stress. Given the constant occurrence of endogenous DNA damage and replication fork stress, it is unclear why complete deletion of FA genes does not have a major impact on cell proliferation and germ-line FA patients are able to progress through development well into their adulthood. To identify potential cellular mechanisms that compensate for the FA deficiency, we performed dropout screens in FA mutant cells with a whole genome guide RNA library. This uncovered a comprehensive genome-wide profile of FA pathway synthetic lethality, including POLI and CDK4 As little is known of the cellular function of DNA polymerase iota (Pol ι), we focused on its role in the loss-of-function FA knockout mutants. Loss of both FA pathway function and Pol ι leads to synthetic defects in cell proliferation and cell survival, and an increase in DNA damage accumulation. Furthermore, FA-deficient cells depend on the function of Pol ι to resume replication upon replication fork stalling. Our results reveal a critical role for Pol ι in DNA repair and replication fork restart and suggest Pol ι as a target for therapeutic intervention in malignancies carrying an FA gene mutation.
Collapse
|
28
|
Toksoy G, Uludağ Alkaya D, Bagirova G, Avcı Ş, Aghayev A, Günes N, Altunoğlu U, Alanay Y, Başaran S, Berkay EG, Karaman B, Celkan TT, Apak H, Kayserili H, Tüysüz B, Uyguner ZO. Clinical and Molecular Characterization of Fanconi Anemia Patients in Turkey. Mol Syndromol 2020; 11:183-196. [PMID: 33224012 DOI: 10.1159/000509838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare multigenic chromosomal instability syndrome that predisposes patients to life-threatening bone marrow failure, congenital malformations, and cancer. Functional loss of interstrand cross-link (ICL) DNA repair system is held responsible, though the mechanism is not yet fully understood. The clinical and molecular findings of 20 distinct FA cases, ages ranging from perinatal stage to 32 years, are presented here. Pathogenic variants in FANCA were found responsible in 75%, FANCC, FANCE, FANCJ/BRIP1, FANCL in 5%, and FANCD1/BRCA2 and FANCN/PALB2 in 2.5% of the subjects. Altogether, 25 different variants in 7 different FA genes, including 10 novel mutations in FANCA, FANCN/PALB2, FANCE, and FANCJ/BRIP1, were disclosed. Two compound heterozygous germline cases were mosaic for one allele, revealing that the incidence of reverse mutations may not be uncommon in FA. Another case with de novo FANCD1/BRCA2 and paternally inherited FANCN/PALB2 pathogenic alleles at first glance suggested a digenic inheritance, because the presence of a second pathogenic variant in the unexamined regions of FANCD1/BRCA2 and FANCN/PALB2 were exluded by sequencing and deletion/duplication analysis. A better understanding of the complexity of the FA genotype may provide further access to undiscovered ICL components and apparently dispensable cellular pathways where FA proteins may play important roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Güven Toksoy
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Uludağ Alkaya
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülendam Bagirova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şahin Avcı
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Agharza Aghayev
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilay Günes
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umut Altunoğlu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Alanay
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Genetics Unit, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seher Başaran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi G Berkay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Birsen Karaman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Pediatric Basic Sciences, Child Health Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tiraje T Celkan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Apak
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beyhan Tüysüz
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra O Uyguner
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tsai FD, Lindsley RC. Clonal hematopoiesis in the inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. Blood 2020; 136:1615-1622. [PMID: 32736377 PMCID: PMC7530647 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFSs) are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and increased risk for developing myeloid malignancy. The pathophysiologies of different IBMFSs are variable and can relate to defects in diverse biological processes, including DNA damage repair (Fanconi anemia), telomere maintenance (dyskeratosis congenita), and ribosome biogenesis (Diamond-Blackfan anemia, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome). Somatic mutations leading to clonal hematopoiesis have been described in IBMFSs, but the distinct mechanisms by which mutations drive clonal advantage in each disease and their associations with leukemia risk are not well understood. Clinical observations and laboratory models of IBMFSs suggest that the germline deficiencies establish a qualitatively impaired functional state at baseline. In this context, somatic alterations can promote clonal hematopoiesis by improving the competitive fitness of specific hematopoietic stem cell clones. Some somatic alterations relieve baseline fitness constraints by normalizing the underlying germline deficit through direct reversion or indirect compensation, whereas others do so by subverting senescence or tumor-suppressor pathways. Clones with normalizing somatic mutations may have limited transformation potential that is due to retention of functionally intact fitness-sensing and tumor-suppressor pathways, whereas those with mutations that impair cellular elimination may have increased risk for malignant transformation that is due to subversion of tumor-suppressor pathways. Because clonal hematopoiesis is not deterministic of malignant transformation, rational surveillance strategies will depend on the ability to prospectively identify specific clones with increased leukemic potential. We describe a framework by which an understanding of the processes that promote clonal hematopoiesis in IBMFSs may inform clinical surveillance strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick D Tsai
- Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - R Coleman Lindsley
- Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yan Y, Yin Y, Feng X, Chen Y, Shi J, Weng H, Wang D. Homocysteine aggravates DNA damage by impairing the FA/Brca1 Pathway in NE4C murine neural stem cells. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2477-2486. [PMID: 33029090 PMCID: PMC7532487 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.49246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is existing evidence that elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels are risk factors for some neurodegenerative disorders. The pathogenesis of neurological diseases could be contributed to excessive cell dysfunction and death caused by defective DNA damage response (DDR) and accumulated DNA damage. Hcy is a neurotoxic amino acid and acts as a DNA damage inducer. However, it is not clear whether Hcy participates in the DDR. To investigate the effects of Hcy on DNA damage and the DDR, we employed mitomycin C (MMC) to cause DNA damage in NE4C murine neural stem cells (NSCs). Compared to treatment with MMC alone, we found that co-treatment with MMC and Hcy worsened DNA damage and increased death in NE4C cells. Intriguingly, in this DNA damage model mimicked by MMC, immunoblotting results showed that the monoubiquitination levels of Fanconi anemia complementation group I (Fanci) and Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 (Fancd2) were decreased to about 60.3% and 55.7% by supplementing cell culture medium with Hcy, indicating Hcy inactivates the function of Fanci and Fancd2 in DNA damage conditions. Given Breast Cancer 1 (BRCA1) is an important downstream of FANCD2, we next detected the interaction between Fancd2 and Brca1 in NE4C cells. Compared to treatment with MMC alone, the Fancd2-Brca1 interaction and the amount of Brca1 on chromatin were decreased when cells were co-exposed to MMC and Hcy, suggesting Hcy could impair the Fanconi anemia (FA)/Brca1 pathway. Taken together, our study demonstrates that Hcy may enhance cell death, which contributes to the accumulation of DNA damage and promotion of hypersensitivity to cytotoxicity by impairing the FA/Brca1 pathway in murine NSCs in the presence of DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yana Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yandan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Women and Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Huachun Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Protective Mechanisms Against DNA Replication Stress in the Nervous System. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070730. [PMID: 32630049 PMCID: PMC7397197 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise replication of DNA and the successful segregation of chromosomes are essential for the faithful transmission of genetic information during the cell cycle. Alterations in the dynamics of genome replication, also referred to as DNA replication stress, may lead to DNA damage and, consequently, mutations and chromosomal rearrangements. Extensive research has revealed that DNA replication stress drives genome instability during tumorigenesis. Over decades, genetic studies of inherited syndromes have established a connection between the mutations in genes required for proper DNA repair/DNA damage responses and neurological diseases. It is becoming clear that both the prevention and the responses to replication stress are particularly important for nervous system development and function. The accurate regulation of cell proliferation is key for the expansion of progenitor pools during central nervous system (CNS) development, adult neurogenesis, and regeneration. Moreover, DNA replication stress in glial cells regulates CNS tumorigenesis and plays a role in neurodegenerative diseases such as ataxia telangiectasia (A-T). Here, we review how replication stress generation and replication stress response (RSR) contribute to the CNS development, homeostasis, and disease. Both cell-autonomous mechanisms, as well as the evidence of RSR-mediated alterations of the cellular microenvironment in the nervous system, were discussed.
Collapse
|
32
|
Tan W, van Twest S, Leis A, Bythell-Douglas R, Murphy VJ, Sharp M, Parker MW, Crismani W, Deans AJ. Monoubiquitination by the human Fanconi anemia core complex clamps FANCI:FANCD2 on DNA in filamentous arrays. eLife 2020; 9:e54128. [PMID: 32167469 PMCID: PMC7156235 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
FANCI:FANCD2 monoubiquitination is a critical event for replication fork stabilization by the Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA repair pathway. It has been proposed that at stalled replication forks, monoubiquitinated-FANCD2 serves to recruit DNA repair proteins that contain ubiquitin-binding motifs. Here, we have reconstituted the FA pathway in vitro to study functional consequences of FANCI:FANCD2 monoubiquitination. We report that monoubiquitination does not promote any specific exogenous protein:protein interactions, but instead stabilizes FANCI:FANCD2 heterodimers on dsDNA. This clamping requires monoubiquitination of only the FANCD2 subunit. We further show using electron microscopy that purified monoubiquitinated FANCI:FANCD2 forms filament-like arrays on long dsDNA. Our results reveal how monoubiquitinated FANCI:FANCD2, defective in many cancer types and all cases of FA, is activated upon DNA binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Tan
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyAustralia
- Department of Medicine (St. Vincent’s Health), The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Sylvie van Twest
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyAustralia
| | - Andrew Leis
- Bio21 Institute, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | | | - Vincent J Murphy
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyAustralia
| | - Michael Sharp
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyAustralia
| | - Michael W Parker
- Bio21 Institute, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
- Structural Biology Unit, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyAustralia
| | - Wayne Crismani
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyAustralia
- Department of Medicine (St. Vincent’s Health), The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Andrew J Deans
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyAustralia
- Department of Medicine (St. Vincent’s Health), The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Alcón P, Shakeel S, Chen ZA, Rappsilber J, Patel KJ, Passmore LA. FANCD2-FANCI is a clamp stabilized on DNA by monoubiquitination of FANCD2 during DNA repair. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:240-248. [PMID: 32066963 PMCID: PMC7067600 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate DNA crosslink repair excises toxic replication-blocking DNA crosslinks. Numerous factors involved in crosslink repair have been identified, and mutations in their corresponding genes cause Fanconi anemia (FA). A key step in crosslink repair is monoubiquitination of the FANCD2-FANCI heterodimer, which then recruits nucleases to remove the DNA lesion. Here, we use cryo-EM to determine the structures of recombinant chicken FANCD2 and FANCI complexes. FANCD2-FANCI adopts a closed conformation when the FANCD2 subunit is monoubiquitinated, creating a channel that encloses double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Ubiquitin is positioned at the interface of FANCD2 and FANCI, where it acts as a covalent molecular pin to trap the complex on DNA. In contrast, isolated FANCD2 is a homodimer that is unable to bind DNA, suggestive of an autoinhibitory mechanism that prevents premature activation. Together, our work suggests that FANCD2-FANCI is a clamp that is locked onto DNA by ubiquitin, with distinct interfaces that may recruit other DNA repair factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Alcón
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Zhuo A Chen
- Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
In vivo analysis of FANCD2 recruitment at meiotic DNA breaks in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:103. [PMID: 31919410 PMCID: PMC6952437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia is a rare genetic disease associated with DNA repair defects, congenital abnormalities and infertility. Most of FA pathway is evolutionary conserved, allowing dissection and mechanistic studies in simpler model systems such as Caenorhabditis elegans. In the present study, we employed C. elegans to better understand the role of FA group D2 (FANCD2) protein in vivo, a key player in promoting genome stability. We report that localization of FCD-2/FANCD2 is dynamic during meiotic prophase I and requires its heterodimeric partner FNCI-1/FANCI. Strikingly, we found that FCD-2 recruitment depends on SPO-11-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) but not RAD-51-mediated strand invasion. Furthermore, exposure to DNA damage-inducing agents boosts FCD-2 recruitment on the chromatin. Finally, analysis of genetic interaction between FCD-2 and BRC-1 (the C. elegans orthologue of mammalian BRCA1) supports a role for these proteins in different DSB repair pathways. Collectively, we showed a direct involvement of FCD-2 at DSBs and speculate on its function in driving meiotic DNA repair.
Collapse
|