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McDonnell WJ, Koethe JR, Mallal SA, Pilkinton MA, Kirabo A, Ameka MK, Cottam MA, Hasty AH, Kennedy AJ. High CD8 T-Cell Receptor Clonality and Altered CDR3 Properties Are Associated With Elevated Isolevuglandins in Adipose Tissue During Diet-Induced Obesity. Diabetes 2018; 67:2361-2376. [PMID: 30181158 PMCID: PMC6198339 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells contribute to obesity-associated insulin resistance. Prior studies identified conserved T-cell receptor (TCR) chain families in obese AT, but the presence and clonal expansion of specific TCR sequences in obesity has not been assessed. We characterized AT and liver CD8+ and CD4+ TCR repertoires of mice fed a low-fat diet (LFD) and high-fat diet (HFD) using deep sequencing of the TCRβ chain to quantify clonal expansion, gene usage, and CDR3 sequence. In AT CD8+ T cells, HFD reduced TCR diversity, increased the prevalence of public TCR clonotypes, and selected for TCR CDR3 regions enriched in positively charged and less polarized amino acids. Although TCR repertoire alone could distinguish between LFD- and HFD-fed mice, these properties of the CDR3 region of AT CD8+ T cells from HFD-fed mice led us to examine the role of negatively charged and nonpolar isolevuglandin (isoLG) adduct-containing antigen-presenting cells within AT. IsoLG-adducted protein species were significantly higher in AT macrophages of HFD-fed mice; isoLGs were elevated in M2-polarized macrophages, promoting CD8+ T-cell activation. Our findings demonstrate that clonal TCR expansion that favors positively charged CDR3s accompanies HFD-induced obesity, which may be an antigen-driven response to isoLG accumulation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt J McDonnell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - John R Koethe
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Simon A Mallal
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mark A Pilkinton
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Magdalene K Ameka
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Matthew A Cottam
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Arion J Kennedy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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Wang YM, Zhang GY, Hu M, Polhill T, Sawyer A, Zhou JJ, Saito M, Watson D, Wu H, Wang Y, Wang XM, Wang Y, Harris DC, Alexander SI. CD8+ regulatory T cells induced by T cell vaccination protect against autoimmune nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 23:1058-67. [PMID: 22491420 PMCID: PMC3358762 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2011090914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoreactive T cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune kidney disease. T cell vaccination (TCV) may limit autoimmune disease and induce CD8+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). We used Heymann nephritis (HN), a rat model of human membranous nephritis, to study the effects of TCV on autoimmune kidney disease. We harvested CD4+ T cells from renal tubular antigen (Fx1A) -immunized rats and activated these cells in vitro to express the MHC Class Ib molecule Qa-1. Vaccination of Lewis rats with these autoreactive Fx1A-induced T cells protected against HN, whereas control-primed T cells did not. Rats that underwent TCV had lower levels of proteinuria and serum creatinine and significantly less glomerulosclerosis, tubular damage, and interstitial infiltrates. Furthermore, these rats expressed less IFN-γ and IL-6 in splenocytes, whereas the numbers of Tregs and the expression of Foxp3 were unchanged. In vitro cytotoxicity assays showed CD8+ T cell-mediated elimination of Qa-1-expressing CD4+ T cells. In vivo, TCV abrogated the increase in Qa-1-expressing CXCR5+ TFH cells observed in HN compared with controls. Taken together, these results suggest that TCV protects against autoimmune kidney disease by targeting Qa-1-expressing autoreactive CD4+ cells.
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MESH Headings
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Autoantibodies/metabolism
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/metabolism
- Autoimmune Diseases/pathology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Flow Cytometry
- Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/immunology
- Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/metabolism
- Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/pathology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Sampling Studies
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccination/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Min Wang
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Geoff Yu Zhang
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Min Hu
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Tania Polhill
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Andrew Sawyer
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Jimmy Jianheng Zhou
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Debbie Watson
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
- Centre for Medical Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Huiling Wu
- Collaborative Transplant Research Group, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ya Wang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia; and
| | - Xin Maggie Wang
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia; and
| | - David C.H. Harris
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia; and
| | - Stephen I. Alexander
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
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Strandberg LS, Ambrosi A, Jagodic M, Dzikaite V, Janson P, Khademi M, Salomonsson S, Ottosson L, Klauninger R, Adén U, Sonesson SE, Sunnerhagen M, de Graaf KL, Kuchroo VK, Achour A, Winqvist O, Olsson T, Wahren-Herlenius M. Maternal MHC regulates generation of pathogenic antibodies and fetal MHC-encoded genes determine susceptibility in congenital heart block. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:3574-82. [PMID: 20696861 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart block develops in fetuses of anti-Ro52 Ab-positive women. A recurrence rate of 20%, despite the persistence of maternal autoantibodies, indicates that there are additional, yet unidentified, factors critical for development of congenital heart block. In this study, we demonstrate that besides the maternal MHC controlling Ab specificity, fetal MHC-encoded genes influence fetal susceptibility to congenital heart block. Using MHC congenic rat strains, we show that heart block develops in rat pups of three strains carrying MHC haplotype RT1(av1) (DA, PVG.AV1, and LEW.AV1) after maternal Ro52 immunization, but not in LEW rats (RT1(l)). Different anti-Ro52 Ab fine specificities were generated in RT1(av1) versus RT1(l) animals. Maternal and fetal influence was determined in an F(2) cross between LEW.AV1 and LEW strains, which revealed higher susceptibility in RT1(l) than RT1(av1) pups once pathogenic Ro52 Abs were present. This was further confirmed in that RT1(l) pups more frequently developed heart block than RT1(av1) pups after passive transfer of RT1(av1) anti-Ro52 sera. Our findings show that generation of pathogenic Ro52 Abs is restricted by maternal MHC, whereas the fetal MHC locus regulates susceptibility and determines the fetal disease outcome in anti-Ro52-positive pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn S Strandberg
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Spicer ST, Tran GT, Killingsworth MC, Carter N, Power DA, Paizis K, Boyd R, Hodgkinson SJ, Hall BM. Induction of passive Heymann nephritis in complement component 6-deficient PVG rats. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:172-8. [PMID: 17579035 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.1.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Passive Heymann nephritis (PHN), a model of human membranous nephritis, is induced in susceptible rat strains by injection of heterologous antisera to rat renal tubular Ag extract. PHN is currently considered the archetypal complement-dependent form of nephritis, with the proteinuria resulting from sublytic glomerular epithelial cell injury induced by the complement membrane attack complex (MAC) of C5b-9. This study examined whether C6 and MAC are essential to the development of proteinuria in PHN by comparing the effect of injection of anti-Fx1A antisera into PVG rats deficient in C6 (PVG/C6(-)) and normal PVG rats (PVG/c). PVG/c and PVG/C6(-) rats developed similar levels of proteinuria at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days following injection of antisera. Isolated whole glomeruli showed similar deposition of rat Ig and C3 staining in PVG/c and PVG/C6(-) rats. C9 deposition was abundant in PVG/c but was not detected in PVG/C6(-) glomeruli, indicating C5b-9/MAC had not formed in PVG/C6(-) rats. There was also no difference in the glomerular cellular infiltrate of T cells and macrophages nor the size of glomerular basement membrane deposits measured on electron micrographs. To examine whether T cells effect injury, rats were depleted of CD8+ T cells which did not affect proteinuria in the early heterologous phase but prevented the increase in proteinuria associated with the later autologous phase. These studies showed proteinuria in PHN occurs without MAC and that other mechanisms, such as immune complex size, early complement components, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, disrupt glomerular integrity and lead to proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Timothy Spicer
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales and Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool BC 1871, New South Wales, Australia.
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Wu H, Wang Y, Tay YC, Zheng G, Zhang C, Alexander SI, Harris DCH. DNA vaccination with naked DNA encoding MCP-1 and RANTES protects against renal injury in adriamycin nephropathy. Kidney Int 2005; 67:2178-86. [PMID: 15882261 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00323.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) are significantly increased in renal cortex in adriamycin nephropathy. In this study, we tested the effect of DNA vaccination encoding the C-C chemokines MCP-1 and RANTES in a rat model of adriamycin nephropathy. METHODS Both reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products of MCP-1 and RANTES used as constructs were cloned into a pTarget vector for naked DNA vaccination. Two hundred micrograms of DNA was injected into the tibialis anterior muscle four times at weekly intervals. One week after the last DNA vaccination, rats received adriamycin. All animals were sacrificed 4 weeks after adriamycin administration. Changes in renal function and histologic features were assessed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot were used for autoantibody determination. Antibody specificity was assessed in in vitro transmigration assays. RESULTS Chemokine DNA vaccination significantly reduced proteinuria (P < 0.05) and ameliorated creatinine clearance (P < 0.05) at 2, 3, and 4 weeks after adriamycin administration. Morphometric analysis showed less glomerular sclerosis (P < 0.001) and interstitial infiltrates (P < 0.005) in chemokine DNA vaccination group compared with control groups. Anti-MCP-1 and RANTES autoantibodies were detected in higher concentrations in chemokine DNA vaccinated rats than in control rats (P < 0.001) and serum from vaccinated rats blocked T-cell transmigration to MCP-1 and RANTES. CONCLUSION In this study, we have shown that naked DNA vaccination against MCP-1 and RANTES ameliorates the progression of renal disease in the rat adriamycin nephropathy model of chronic proteinuric renal disease. The protective mechanism may involve the production of autoantibodies against MCP-1 and RANTES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Wu
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
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Abstract
Active Heymann nephritis (HN) is a rat model of human membranous nephropathy. The appearance of T cells within the glomeruli of HN rats suggests a role for these cells in the pathogenesis of the disease. The aims of this study were to investigate T cells infiltrating the glomerulus in HN in Lewis rats by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of their Vbeta chains, CDR3 spectratyping and sequencing. HN was induced in Lewis rats by immunization with renal tubular antigen (Fx1A) in CFA. Kidneys were collected between 4 and 10 weeks. The glomeruli were separated, homogenized and RNA extracted. RT-PCR, CDR3 spectratyping and sequencing were used to further characterize the infiltrating T cells. Multiple Vbeta families showed restriction of their CDR3 spectratypes in each animal. Several TCR Vbeta families had identical-sized restricted spectratypes across several different animals. Four Vbeta families were sequenced. In three of those four families, the dominant clones showed identical sized CDR3 regions and a striking over-expression of Jbeta2.6. Further analysis of the CDR3 regions of the Jbeta2.6 clones showed a significant restriction of the amino acids at four of the six CDR3 positions. Glomerular T cells bearing similar CDR3 sequences, using Jbeta2.6 and expressing at least two, and possibly more, Vbeta genes are involved in the pathogenesis of HN.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Walters
- The Centre for Kidney Research, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Parramatta, NSW, Australia. Giles@@chw.edu.au
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