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Zhang H, Wang X, Hu B, Li P, Abuduaini Y, Zhao H, Jieensihan A, Chen X, Wang S, Guo N, Yuan J, Li Y, Li L, Yang Y, Liu Z, Tang Z, Wang H. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells attenuate diabetic nephropathy through the IGF1R-CHK2-p53 signalling axis in male rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:568-580. [PMID: 39011677 PMCID: PMC11254681 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease syndrome characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia. A long-term high-glucose environment leads to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and nuclear DNA damage. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (HUcMSC) infusion induces significant antidiabetic effects in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) receptor (IGF1R) is important in promoting glucose metabolism in diabetes; however, the mechanism by which HUcMSC can treat diabetes through IGF1R and DNA damage repair remains unclear. In this study, a DM rat model was induced with high-fat diet feeding and streptozotocin (STZ) administration and rats were infused four times with HUcMSC. Blood glucose, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, glomerular basement membrane, and renal function were examined. Proteins that interacted with IGF1R were determined through coimmunoprecipitation assays. The expression of IGF1R, phosphorylated checkpoint kinase 2 (p-CHK2), and phosphorylated protein 53 (p-p53) was examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the serum levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Flow cytometry experiments were used to detect the surface markers of HUcMSC. The identification of the morphology and phenotype of HUcMSC was performed by way of oil red "O" staining and Alizarin red staining. DM rats exhibited abnormal blood glucose and IL-6/10 levels and renal function changes in the glomerular basement membrane, increased the expression of IGF1 and IGF1R. IGF1R interacted with CHK2, and the expression of p-CHK2 was significantly decreased in IGF1R-knockdown cells. When cisplatin was used to induce DNA damage, the expression of p-CHK2 was higher than that in the IGF1R-knockdown group without cisplatin treatment. HUcMSC infusion ameliorated abnormalities and preserved kidney structure and function in DM rats. The expression of IGF1, IGF1R, p-CHK2, and p-p53, and the level of 8-OHdG in the DM group increased significantly compared with those in the control group, and decreased after HUcMSC treatment. Our results suggested that IGF1R could interact with CHK2 and mediate DNA damage. HUcMSC infusion protected against kidney injury in DM rats. The underlying mechanisms may include HUcMSC-mediated enhancement of diabetes treatment via the IGF1R-CHK2-p53 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xinshu Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200331, China
- Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, Ji'an 343000, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Peicheng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yierfan Abuduaini
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Ayinaer Jieensihan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xishuang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Nuojin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jian Yuan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200331, China
- Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, Ji'an 343000, China
| | - Yunhui Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
- Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, Ji'an 343000, China
| | - Lei Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yuntong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200331, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhaosheng Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China. ,
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai 200120, China.
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Dellaa A, Benlarbi M, Hammoum I, Gammoudi N, Dogui M, Messaoud R, Azaiz R, Charfeddine R, Khairallah M, Lachapelle P, Ben Chaouacha-Chekir R. Electroretinographic evidence suggesting that the type 2 diabetic retinopathy of the sand rat Psammomys obesus is comparable to that of humans. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192400. [PMID: 29420665 PMCID: PMC5805270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Type 2 diabetic retinopathy is the main cause of acquired blindness in adults. The aim of this work was to examine the retinal function of the sand rat Psammomys obesus as an animal model of diet-induced type 2 diabetes when subjected to a hypercaloric regimen. Materials and methods Hyperglycemia was induced in Psammomys obesus by high caloric diet (4 kcal/g). The visual function of control (n = 7) and diabetic (n = 7) adult rodents were followed up during 28 consecutive weeks with full-field electroretinogram(ERG) recordings evoked to flashes of white light according to the standard protocol of the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision protocol (ISCEV). Results Twenty-eight weeks following the induction of diabetes, results revealed significantly reduced and delayed photopic and scotopic ERG responses in diabetic rats compared to control rats. More specifically, we noted a significant decrease in the amplitude of the dark-adapted 0.01ERG (62%), a- and b-wave amplitudes of the dark-adapted 3.0 ERG (33.6%, 55.1%) and the four major oscillatory potentials components (OP1-OP4) (39.0%, 75.2%, 54.8% and 53.7% respectively). In photopic conditions, diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in a- and b-wave (30.4%, 43.4%), photopic negative response (55.3%), 30 Hz flicker (63.7%), OP1-OP4(51.6%, 61.8%, 68.3% and 47.5% respectively) and S-cone (34.7%). Significantly delayed implicit times were observed for all ERG components in the diabetic animals. Results obtained are comparable to those characterizing the retinal function of patients affected with advanced stage of diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion Psammomys obesus is a useful translational model to study the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy in order to explore new therapeutic avenues in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Dellaa
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules of the Higher Institute of Biotechnology Sidi Thabet, Manouba University, BiotechPole Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Maha Benlarbi
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules of the Higher Institute of Biotechnology Sidi Thabet, Manouba University, BiotechPole Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Imane Hammoum
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules of the Higher Institute of Biotechnology Sidi Thabet, Manouba University, BiotechPole Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Nouha Gammoudi
- Department of functional explorations of the nervous system, University Hospital of Sahloul, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Dogui
- Department of functional explorations of the nervous system, University Hospital of Sahloul, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Messaoud
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rached Azaiz
- UNIMED Pharmaceutical Industry, industrial area Kalaa Kebira, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Charfeddine
- UNIMED Pharmaceutical Industry, industrial area Kalaa Kebira, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Khairallah
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Pierre Lachapelle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rafika Ben Chaouacha-Chekir
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules of the Higher Institute of Biotechnology Sidi Thabet, Manouba University, BiotechPole Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the developed world. Accordingly, an urgent need exists for new, curative treatments as well as for biomarkers to stratify risk of DN among individuals with diabetes mellitus. A barrier to progress in these areas has been a lack of animal models that faithfully replicate the main features of human DN. Such models could be used to define the pathogenesis, identify drug targets and test new therapies. Owing to their tractability for genetic manipulation, mice are widely used to model human diseases, including DN. Questions have been raised, however, about the general utility of mouse models in human drug discovery. Standard mouse models of diabetes typically manifest only modest kidney abnormalities, whereas accelerated models, induced by superimposing genetic stressors, recapitulate key features of human DN. Incorporation of systems biology approaches and emerging data from genomics and metabolomics studies should enable further model refinement. Here, we discuss the current status of mouse models for DN, their limitations and opportunities for improvement. We emphasize that future efforts should focus on generating robust models that reproduce the major clinical and molecular phenotypes of human DN.
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Yu SH, Dubey NK, Li WS, Liu MC, Chiang HS, Leu SJ, Shieh YH, Tsai FC, Deng WP. Cordyceps militaris Treatment Preserves Renal Function in Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166342. [PMID: 27832180 PMCID: PMC5104498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is derived from long-term effects of high blood glucose on kidney function in type 2 diabetic patients. Several antidiabetic drugs and herbal medications have failed to prevent episodes of DN. Hence, this study aimed to further investigate the renal injury-reducing effect of antidiabetic CmNo1, a novel combination of powders of fruiting bodies and mycelia of Cordyceps militaris. After being administered with streptozotocin-nicotinamide and high-fat-diet, the diabetic nephropathy mouse model displayed elevated blood glucose and renal dysfunction markers including serum creatinine and kidney-to-body weight ratio. These elevated markers were significantly mitigated following 8 weeks CmNo1 treatment. Moreover, the chronic hyperglycemia-induced pathological alteration in renal tissue were also ameliorated. Besides, immunohistochemical study demonstrated a substantial reduction in elevated levels of carboxymethyl lysine, an advanced glycation end product. Elevated collagenous deposition in DN group was also attenuated through CmNo1 administration. Moreover, the enhanced levels of transforming growth factor-β1, a fibrosis-inducing protein in glomerulus were also markedly dampened. Furthermore, auxiliary risk factors in DN like serum triglycerides and cholesterol were found to be increased but were decreased by CmNo1 treatment. Conclusively, the results suggests that CmNo1 exhibit potent and efficacious renoprotective action against hyperglycemia-induced DN.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biological Products/chemistry
- Biological Products/therapeutic use
- Collagen/analysis
- Cordyceps/chemistry
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/blood
- Diabetic Nephropathies/complications
- Diabetic Nephropathies/drug therapy
- Diabetic Nephropathies/physiopathology
- Fruiting Bodies, Fungal/chemistry
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/analysis
- Glycogen/analysis
- Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/physiopathology
- Kidney Function Tests
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mycelium/chemistry
- Streptozocin
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hsun Yu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Navneet Kumar Dubey
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shan Li
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Sun Chiang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Sy-Jye Leu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hua Shieh
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Win-Ping Deng
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Radenković M, Stojanović M, Prostran M. Experimental diabetes induced by alloxan and streptozotocin: The current state of the art. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2015; 78:13-31. [PMID: 26596652 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder with a high prevalence worldwide. Animal models of diabetes represent an important tool in diabetes investigation that helps us to avoid unnecessary and ethically challenging studies in human subjects, as well as to obtain a comprehensive scientific viewpoint of this disease. Although there are several methods through which diabetes can be induced, chemical methods of alloxan- and streptozotocin-induced diabetes represent the most important and highly preferable experimental models for this pathological condition. Therefore, the aim of this article was to review the current knowledge related to quoted models of diabetes, including to this point available information about mechanism of action, particular time- and dose-dependent protocols, frequent problems, as well as major limitations linked to laboratory application of alloxan and sterptozotocin in inducing diabetes. Given that diabetes is known to be closely associated with serious health consequences it is of fundamental importance that current animal models for induction of diabetes should be continuously upgraded in order to improve overall prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Radenković
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, PO Box 38, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marko Stojanović
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, PO Box 38, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milica Prostran
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, PO Box 38, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Troib A, Landau D, Youngren JF, Kachko L, Rabkin R, Segev Y. The effects of type 1 IGF receptor inhibition in a mouse model of diabetic kidney disease. Growth Horm IGF Res 2011; 21:285-291. [PMID: 21865067 PMCID: PMC4238882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have recently shown increased sensitivity to IGF-I induced signal transduction in kidneys of diabetic mice. Accordingly we investigated the effects of PQ401, a novel diarylurea compound that inhibits IGF1R autophosphorylation in type I diabetes. METHODS Control (C) and Diabetic (D) mice were administered PQ401 (CP, DP) or vehicle (C, D) for 3weeks. RESULTS CP animals showed a decrease in renal phosphorylated (p-)AKT and p-IGF1R. However, PQ401 had no effect on diabetic state (hyperglycemia, weight loss) or renal disease parameters (hypertrophy, hyperfiltration and albuminuria). Type IV collagen as well as TGF-β mRNA increased in DP and D compared to C. In the CP group renal hypertrophy with fat accumulation in proximal tubuli and increased renal IGF-I, collagen IV and TGF-β mRNA were seen. CONCLUSIONS IGF1R inhibition by PQ401 exerted no significant effects on diabetic kidney disease parameters, arguing against a role for IGF-I in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. However, PQ401 affects normal kidneys, inducing renal hypertrophy as well as collagen and fat accumulation, with increased renal IGF-I mRNA, suggestive of a damage-regeneration process. Therefore, this diarylurea compound is not beneficial in early diabetic kidney disease. Its potential deleterious effects on kidney tissue need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Troib
- Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Carew RM, Sadagurski M, Goldschmeding R, Martin F, White MF, Brazil DP. Deletion of Irs2 causes reduced kidney size in mice: role for inhibition of GSK3beta? BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2010; 10:73. [PMID: 20604929 PMCID: PMC2910663 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-10-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male Irs2-/- mice develop fatal type 2 diabetes at 13-14 weeks. Defects in neuronal proliferation, pituitary development and photoreceptor cell survival manifest in Irs2-/- mice. We identify retarded renal growth in male and female Irs2-/- mice, independent of diabetes. RESULTS Kidney size and kidney:body weight ratio were reduced by approximately 20% in Irs2-/- mice at postnatal day 5 and was maintained in maturity. Reduced glomerular number but similar glomerular density was detected in Irs2-/- kidney compared to wild-type, suggesting intact global kidney structure. Analysis of insulin signalling revealed renal-specific upregulation of PKBbeta/Akt2, hyperphosphorylation of GSK3beta and concomitant accumulation of beta-catenin in Irs2-/- kidney. Despite this, no significant upregulation of beta-catenin targets was detected. Kidney-specific increases in Yes-associated protein (YAP), a key driver of organ size were also detected in the absence of Irs2. YAP phosphorylation on its inhibitory site Ser127 was also increased, with no change in the levels of YAP-regulated genes, suggesting that overall YAP activity was not increased in Irs2-/- kidney. CONCLUSIONS In summary, deletion of Irs2 causes reduced kidney size early in mouse development. Compensatory mechanisms such as increased beta-catenin and YAP levels failed to overcome this developmental defect. These data point to Irs2 as an important novel mediator of kidney size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie M Carew
- UCD Diabetes Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
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Vasylyeva TL, Ferry RJ. Novel roles of the IGF-IGFBP axis in etiopathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007; 76:177-86. [PMID: 17011663 PMCID: PMC1892792 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2006] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms contributing to development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) remain unclear. High ambient glucose level transforms intracellular pathways, promoting stable phenotypic changes in the glomerulus such as mesangial cell hypertrophy, podocyte apoptosis, and matrix expansion. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and the high affinity IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) exert major effects on cell growth and metabolism. Compared with diabetic patients without microalbuminuria (MA), MA diabetic patients display perturbed GH-IGF-IGFBP homeostasis, including increased circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3 protease activity, increased excretion of bioactive GH, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3, but decreased circulating IGFBP-3 levels. In diabetic animal models, expression of IGF-I and IGFBP-1 to -4 increases in key renal tissues and glomerular ulrafiltrate. Epithelial, mesangial, and endothelial cells derived from the kidney respond to IGF-I binding with increased protein synthesis, migration, and proliferation. This article reviews classic and emerging concepts for the roles of the GH-IGF-IGFBP axis in the etiopathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of diabetic renal disease. We report IGF-independent actions of IGFBP-3 in the podocyte for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana L Vasylyeva
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
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