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Shirai T, Okazaki S, Otsuka I, Miyachi M, Tanifuji T, Shindo R, Okada S, Minami H, Horai T, Mouri K, Hishimoto A. Accelerated epigenetic aging in alcohol dependence. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:175-182. [PMID: 38547739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol dependence poses a global health threat associated with aging and reduced life expectancy. Recently, aging research through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation has gained attention. New epigenetic clocks have been developed; however, no study has investigated GrimAge components, GrimAge2 components and DunedinPACE in patients with alcohol dependence. In this study, we aimed to perform epigenetic clock analysis to evaluate epigenetic age acceleration and DNA methylation-based age-predictive components in patients with alcohol dependence and controls. We utilized publicly available DNA methylation data (GSE98876) for our analysis. Additionally, we compared the values of the same items before and after the patients underwent a treatment program. The dataset comprised 23 controls and 24 patients. We observed that DunedinPACE accelerated more in patients with alcohol dependence. AgeAccelGrim and AgeAccelGrim2 decelerated more after the treatment program than before, and beta-2-microglobulin and Cystatin C decreased after the treatment program than before. These findings are crucial as they affect the cranial nerve area, potentially contributing to cognitive dysfunction and psychiatric symptoms in patients with alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Shirai
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Ikuo Otsuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masao Miyachi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takaki Tanifuji
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryota Shindo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shohei Okada
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Haruka Minami
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tadasu Horai
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mouri
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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2
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Raimondi S, Faravelli G, Nocerino P, Mondani V, Baruffaldi A, Marchese L, Mimmi MC, Canetti D, Verona G, Caterino M, Ruoppolo M, Mangione PP, Bellotti V, Lavatelli F, Giorgetti S. Human wild-type and D76N β 2-microglobulin variants are significant proteotoxic and metabolic stressors for transgenic C. elegans. FASEB Bioadv 2023; 5:484-505. [PMID: 37936921 PMCID: PMC10626158 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2023-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
β2-microglobulin (β2-m) is a plasma protein derived from physiological shedding of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHCI), causing human systemic amyloidosis either due to persistently high concentrations of the wild-type (WT) protein in hemodialyzed patients, or in presence of mutations, such as D76N β2-m, which favor protein deposition in the adulthood, despite normal plasma levels. Here we describe a new transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) strain expressing human WT β2-m at high concentrations, mimicking the condition that underlies dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA) and we compare it to a previously established strain expressing the highly amyloidogenic D76N β2-m at lower concentrations. Both strains exhibit behavioral defects, the severity of which correlates with β2-m levels rather than with the presence of mutations, being more pronounced in WT β2-m worms. β2-m expression also has a deep impact on the nematodes' proteomic and metabolic profiles. Most significantly affected processes include protein degradation and stress response, amino acids metabolism, and bioenergetics. Molecular alterations are more pronounced in worms expressing WT β2-m at high concentration compared to D76N β2-m worms. Altogether, these data show that β2-m is a proteotoxic protein in vivo also in its wild-type form, and that concentration plays a key role in modulating pathogenicity. Our transgenic nematodes recapitulate the distinctive features subtending DRA compared to hereditary β2-m amyloidosis (high levels of non-mutated β2-m vs. normal levels of variant β2-m) and provide important clues on the molecular bases of these human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Raimondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Giulia Faravelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Paola Nocerino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Valentina Mondani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Alma Baruffaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Loredana Marchese
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Research Department Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Maria Chiara Mimmi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Diana Canetti
- Centre for Amyloidosis, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Guglielmo Verona
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Centre for Amyloidosis, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Marianna Caterino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical BiotechnologyUniversity of Naples "Federico II"NaplesItaly
- CEINGE – Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l.NaplesItaly
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical BiotechnologyUniversity of Naples "Federico II"NaplesItaly
- CEINGE – Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l.NaplesItaly
| | - P. Patrizia Mangione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Research Department Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Vittorio Bellotti
- Research Department Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Francesca Lavatelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Research Department Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Sofia Giorgetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Research Department Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
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3
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Takemura Y, Tanifuji T, Okazaki S, Shinko Y, Otsuka I, Horai T, Shirai T, Aso K, Yamamoto N, Hishimoto A. Epigenetic clock analysis in methamphetamine dependence. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114901. [PMID: 36244160 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is used worldwide and causes serious public health and social problems. MA affects the central nervous, cardiac, and immune systems, which causes neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular diseases and infection. Epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation (DNAm), are associated with various clinical phenotypes of MA abuse. DNAm is related to biological aging and health risks; hence, we aimed to assess the changes in biological aging in MA dependence using the DNAm age and DNA methylation-based telomere length (DNAmTL). We used five measures of DNAm age (HorvathAge, HannumAge, SkinBloodAge, PhenoAge, and GrimAge), DNAmTL, and DNAm-based age-predictive factors (plasma proteins and blood cell composition). We compared patients with MA dependence and healthy controls (n = 24 each) using the DNAm profiles obtained from whole-blood samples. Patients with MA dependence showed significant acceleration in PhenoAge and GrimAge, as well as a trend for significant acceleration in DNAmTL. Following adjustment for confounding factors, MA dependence was significantly associated with accelerations in PhenoAge, GrimAge, and DNAmTL, as well as alterations in DNAm-based age-predictive factors (beta-2-microglobulin, granulocytes, and naive cluster of differentiation 4+ T cells). Our results suggested an acceleration of biological aging and specific changes in the DNAm of age- predictive factors in MA dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Takemura
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Fukko-kai Tarumi Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takaki Tanifuji
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Shinko
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ikuo Otsuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tadasu Horai
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shirai
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Katsuro Aso
- Department of Psychiatry, Fukko-kai Tarumi Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriya Yamamoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Fukko-kai Tarumi Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Zhu L, Tong G, Yang F, Zhao Y, Chen G. The role of neuroimmune and inflammation in pediatric uremia-induced neuropathy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1013562. [PMID: 36189322 PMCID: PMC9520989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1013562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uremic neuropathy in children encompasses a wide range of central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS), autonomic nervous system (ANS), and psychological abnormalities, which is associated with progressive renal dysfunction. Clinically, the diagnosis of uremic neuropathy in children is often made retrospectively when symptoms improve after dialysis or transplantation, due to there is no defining signs or laboratory and imaging findings. These neurological disorders consequently result in increased morbidity and mortality among children population, making uremia an urgent public health problem worldwide. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, potential mechanisms, possible treatments, and the shortcomings of current research of uremic neuropathy in children. Mechanistically, the uremic neuropathy may be caused by retention of uremic solutes, increased oxidative stress, neurotransmitter imbalance, and disturbance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Neuroimmune, including the change of inflammatory factors and immune cells, may also play a crucial role in the progression of uremic neuropathy. Different from the invasive treatment of dialysis and kidney transplantation, intervention in neuroimmune and targeted anti-inflammatory therapy may provide a new insight for the treatment of uremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqin Tong
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of XiaoShan District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Urology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangjie Chen
- Department of Urology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guangjie Chen,
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5
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Bigi A, Cascella R, Chiti F, Cecchi C. Amyloid fibrils act as a reservoir of soluble oligomers, the main culprits in protein deposition diseases. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200086. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bigi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Section of Biochemistry University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Roberta Cascella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Section of Biochemistry University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Section of Biochemistry University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Section of Biochemistry University of Florence Florence Italy
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Zheng Y, Ji B, Chen S, Zhou R, Ni R. The impact of uremic toxins on Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:104-118. [PMID: 35048807 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220120113305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, pathologically characterized by accumulation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent in elderly population closely associated with occurrence of dementia. Recent epidemiological and experimental studies suggest a potential association of CKD with AD. Both diseases share a panel of identical risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes; and hypertension. However, the relationship between CKD and AD is unclear. Lower clearance of a panel of uremic toxin including cystatin-C, guanidine, and adiponectin due to CKD is implied to contribute to AD pathogenesis. In this review we summarize the current evidence from epidemiological, experimental and clinical studies on the potential contribution of uremic toxins to AD pathogenesis. We describe outstanding questions and propose an outlook on the link between uremic toxins and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Ji
- Department of Radiopharmacy and Molecular Imaging, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Chen JB, Li LC, Lee WC, Moi SH, Yang CH. Effect of clinical factors on trajectory of functional performance in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Ren Fail 2021; 43:90-96. [PMID: 33349082 PMCID: PMC7758042 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2020.1852090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the association between clinical factors and temporary changes in functional performance in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods This was a retrospective, longitudinal observational study conducted from 2015 to 2017. Eight-two patients undergoing hemodialysis in the outpatient clinic were enrolled. Functional performance was measured using the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scale. Collected data for analysis included demographics, laboratory parameters, and KPS scale scores. All participants were grouped into a high KPS cluster and a low KPS cluster based on dynamic changes in KPS scales from 2015 to 2017. Results Participants in the high KPS cluster demonstrated an approximate trend, and those in the low KPS cluster demonstrated a low pattern. By stepwise selection model analysis, age (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03–1.23, p = 0.011), serum BUN (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02–1.16, p = 0.015), calcium levels (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.2–8.73, p = 0.02), and beta-2-microglobulin (OR > 1.0, CI >1.00-<1.01, p = 0.031) showed risk for the low KPS cluster. Male sex (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.04–0.96, p = 0.045) and albumin level (OR 0.02, 95% CI 0–0.4, p = 0.009) showed a low risk for the low KPS cluster. Conclusions A different trajectory pattern was observed between the high and low KPS clusters in a 3-year period. Risk factors for the low KPS cluster were age, serum BUN, calcium, and beta-2-microglobulin levels. Male sex and serum albumin levels reduced the risk for the low KPS cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Bor Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Chih Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Hua Moi
- Center of Cancer Program Development, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hong Yang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Mandai S, Yamada T, Uchihara T, Iida T, Ito T, Sato H, Sato K, Chida Y, Hirokawa K, Noda Y. Severe Dialysis-Related Amyloidosis Spared the Brain: An Autopsy Case of a Patient Receiving Hemodialysis for 41 Years. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:997-999. [PMID: 33779708 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Mandai
- Department of Nephrology, Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamada
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Bunkyo Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Uchihara
- Neuromorphomics Laboratory, Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadatsune Iida
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Human Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Chida
- Department of Nephrology, Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuiku Hirokawa
- Division of Pathology, Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Noda
- Department of Nephrology, Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Elevated cerebrospinal fluid β2-microglobulin levels in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 49:102774. [PMID: 33713918 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.102774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) levels elevated in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We examined the levels of β2-MG in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 46 patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), in serum from 21 healthy controls (HC), in CSF from 25 disease controls with non-inflammatory neurological diseases (NIND) with normal CSF results. CSF β2-MG levels were significantly higher in patients with NMOSD than controls and with weak association with the number of white blood cells, protein and lactate levels in CSF. CSF β2-MG is thus one more, non-specific indicator of inflammation in NMOSD.
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10
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Zeng X, Hu Y, Chen Y, Lin Z, Liang Y, Liu B, Zhong P, Xiao Y, Li C, Wu G, Kong H, Du Z, Ren Y, Fang Y, Ye Z, Yang X, Yu H. Retinal Neurovascular Impairment in Non-diabetic and Non-dialytic Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:703898. [PMID: 34867144 PMCID: PMC8639216 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.703898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Widespread neural and microvascular injuries are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD), increasing risks of neurovascular complications and mortality. Early detection of such changes helps assess the risks of neurovascular complications for CKD patients. As an extension of central nervous system, the retina provides a characteristic window to observe neurovascular alterations in CKD. This study aimed to determine the presence of retinal neurovascular impairment in different stages of CKD. Methods: One hundred fifteen non-diabetic and non-dialytic CKD patients of all stages and a control group of 35 healthy subjects were included. Retinal neural and microvascular parameters were obtained by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) examination. Results: CKD 1-2 group (versus control group) had greater odds of having decreased retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (GC-IPLt) (odds ratio [OR]: 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86-0.98), increased ganglion cell complex-focal loss volume (GCC-FLV) (OR: 3.51; 95% CI: 1.27-9.67), and GCC-global loss volume (GCC-GLV) (OR: 2.48; 95% CI: 1.27-4.82). The presence of advanced stages of CKD (CKD 3-5 group versus CKD 1-2 group) had greater odds of having decreased retinal vessel density in superficial vascular plexus (SVP)-WholeImage (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.63-0.92), SVP-ParaFovea (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.71-0.97), SVP-ParaFovea (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63-0.91), deep vascular plexus (DVP)-WholeImage (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81-0.98), DVP-ParaFovea (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78-0.99), and DVP-PeriFovea (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83-0.98). Besides, stepwise multivariate linear regression among CKD patients showed that β2-microglobulin was negatively associated with GC-IPLt (β: -0.294; 95% CI: -0.469 ∼ -0.118), and parathyroid hormone was positively associated with increased GCC-FLV (β: 0.004; 95% CI: 0.002∼0.006) and GCC-GLV (β: 0.007; 95% CI: 0.004∼0.01). Urine protein to creatinine ratio was positively associated with increased GCC-FLV (β: 0.003; 95% CI: 0.001∼0.004) and GCC-GLV (β: 0.003; 95% CI: 0.001∼0.006). Conclusion: Retinal neuronal impairment is present in early stages of CKD (stages 1-2), and it is associated with accumulation of uremic toxins and higher UACR, while retinal microvascular hypoperfusion, which is associated with worse eGFR, was only observed in relatively advanced stages of CKD (stages 3-5). The results highlight the importance of monitoring retinal neurovascular impairment in different stages of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zeng
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Hu
- Aier Institute of Refractive Surgery, Refractive Surgery Center, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanhan Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanjie Lin
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yingying Liang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoyi Liu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingting Zhong
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Li
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanrong Wu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqian Kong
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijing Du
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Ren
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Ye
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiming Ye,
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Xiaohong Yang,
| | - Honghua Yu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Honghua Yu,
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11
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Li Y, Pi HC, Yang ZK, Dong J. Associations between small and middle molecules clearance and the change of cognitive function in peritoneal dialysis. J Nephrol 2020; 33:839-848. [PMID: 31643008 PMCID: PMC7381472 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-019-00661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uremic toxins have been suspected as potential contributors for cognitive impairment in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. However, associations between the clearance of serum small and middle molecules and the change of cognitive function were not fully explored and then we explored this issue in the present study. METHOD A total of clinically-stable 222 patients on PD were enrolled and then followed up for 2 years in this single-center prospective cohort study. Small and middle molecules clearances were examined by urea clearance (Kt/V), creatinine clearance (Ccr) and beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) clearance via dialysate and urine at baseline and after 2 years. Global and specific cognitive impairment were measured at baseline and after 2 years. Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) was assessed for global cognitive function, trail-making tests A and B for executive function and subtests of the battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status for immediate and delayed memory, visuospatial skills and language ability. RESULTS The median of total Kt/V, Ccr and B2M clearance were 1.89, 53.2 l/w/1.73 m2 and 17.5 l/w/1.73 m2, respectively at baseline. The prevalence of global cognitive impairment was 12.3% for 222 patients and 15.4% for the remained 130 patients after 2 years. At baseline, total Kt/V was independently positively associated with delayed memory function. Total and dialysate beta-2 microglobulin clearance was positively associated with 3MS scores and negatively with completion time on trail A after multivariate adjustment. At 2 years, we observed a significant difference in the changing trend of 3MS scores between groups divided by total B2M clearance (P = 0.033), which still maintained to be meaningful after multivariate adjustment (P = 0.024). Patients with total B2M clearance > 19.0 l/w/1.73 m2 got significant improvement on their 3MS scores (P = 0.005). Patients divided by total Kt/V or Ccr were not significantly different in the trends of general and any specific cognitive function during the follow up. CONCLUSION The higher middle molecules clearance independently correlated to better performance on general cognitive and executive function in PD patients, which also predict an improvement in general cognitive function during the follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
- Renal Division, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-Chen Pi
- Emergency Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Kai Yang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China.
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12
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Karamanos TK, Jackson MP, Calabrese AN, Goodchild SC, Cawood EE, Thompson GS, Kalverda AP, Hewitt EW, Radford SE. Structural mapping of oligomeric intermediates in an amyloid assembly pathway. eLife 2019; 8:46574. [PMID: 31552823 PMCID: PMC6783270 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient oligomers are commonly formed in the early stages of amyloid assembly. Determining the structure(s) of these species and defining their role(s) in assembly is key to devising new routes to control disease. Here, using a combination of chemical kinetics, NMR spectroscopy and other biophysical methods, we identify and structurally characterize the oligomers required for amyloid assembly of the protein ΔN6, a truncation variant of human β2-microglobulin (β2m) found in amyloid deposits in the joints of patients with dialysis-related amyloidosis. The results reveal an assembly pathway which is initiated by the formation of head-to-head non-toxic dimers and hexamers en route to amyloid fibrils. Comparison with inhibitory dimers shows that precise subunit organization determines amyloid assembly, while dynamics in the C-terminal strand hint to the initiation of cross-β structure formation. The results provide a detailed structural view of early amyloid assembly involving structured species that are not cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros K Karamanos
- The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew P Jackson
- The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio N Calabrese
- The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia C Goodchild
- The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Emma E Cawood
- The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gary S Thompson
- The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Arnout P Kalverda
- The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Eric W Hewitt
- The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sheena E Radford
- The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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13
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Viggiano D, Wagner CA, Blankestijn PJ, Bruchfeld A, Fliser D, Fouque D, Frische S, Gesualdo L, Gutiérrez E, Goumenos D, Hoorn EJ, Eckardt KU, Knauß S, König M, Malyszko J, Massy Z, Nitsch D, Pesce F, Rychlík I, Soler MJ, Spasovski G, Stevens KI, Trepiccione F, Wanner C, Wiecek A, Zoccali C, Unwin R, Capasso G. Mild cognitive impairment and kidney disease: clinical aspects. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 35:10-17. [PMID: 31071220 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Viggiano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland and National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney CH, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Blankestijn
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annette Bruchfeld
- Department of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Danilo Fliser
- Department of Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg, Germany
| | - Denis Fouque
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Université de Lyon, F-69495 Pierre Bénite Cedex, France
| | | | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Division of Nephrology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Bari and University 'Aldo Moro' of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gutiérrez
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Samuel Knauß
- Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian König
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jolanta Malyszko
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ziad Massy
- Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, APHP, Paris-Ile-de-France-West University (UVSQ), Boulogne Billancourt/Paris, INSERM U1018 Team5, Villejuif, France
| | - Dorothea Nitsch
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Francesco Pesce
- Division of Nephrology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Bari and University 'Aldo Moro' of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ivan Rychlík
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Jose Soler
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Nephrology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Goce Spasovski
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University of Skopje, Skopje, Former Yugoslav, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Kathryn I Stevens
- Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Francesco Trepiccione
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy.,Department of Genetic and Translational Medicine, Biogem, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Christoph Wanner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andrzej Wiecek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Robert Unwin
- Centre for Nephrology, University College London (UCL), Royal Free Campus, London, UK.,AstraZeneca IMED ECD CVRM R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy.,Department of Genetic and Translational Medicine, Biogem, Ariano Irpino, Italy
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14
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Toxines urémiques de moyen poids moléculaire : un véritable regain d’intérêt. Nephrol Ther 2019; 15:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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15
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Zipeto D, Serena M, Mutascio S, Parolini F, Diani E, Guizzardi E, Muraro V, Lattuada E, Rizzardo S, Malena M, Lanzafame M, Malerba G, Romanelli MG, Tamburin S, Gibellini D. HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: Is HLA-C Binding Stability to β 2-Microglobulin a Missing Piece of the Pathogenetic Puzzle? Front Neurol 2018; 9:791. [PMID: 30298049 PMCID: PMC6160745 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIDS dementia complex (ADC) and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are complications of HIV-1 infection. Viral infections are risk factors for the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Aging is associated with low-grade inflammation in the brain, i.e., the inflammaging. The molecular mechanisms linking immunosenescence, inflammaging and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease, are largely unknown. ADC and HAND share some pathological features with AD and may offer some hints on the relationship between viral infections, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. β2-microglobulin (β2m) is an important pro-aging factor that interferes with neurogenesis and worsens cognitive functions. Several studies published in the 80-90s reported high levels of β2m in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with ADC. High levels of β2m have also been detected in AD. Inflammatory diseases in elderly people are associated with polymorphisms of the MHC-I locus encoding HLA molecules that, by associating with β2m, contribute to cellular immunity. We recently reported that HLA-C, no longer associated with β2m, is incorporated into HIV-1 virions, determining an increase in viral infectivity. We also documented the presence of HLA-C variants more or less stably linked to β2m. These observations led us to hypothesize that some variants of HLA-C, in the presence of viral infections, could determine a greater release and accumulation of β2m, which in turn, may be involved in triggering and/or sustaining neuroinflammation. ADC is the most severe form of HAND. To explore the role of HLA-C in ADC pathogenesis, we analyzed the frequency of HLA-C variants with unstable binding to β2m in a group of patients with ADC. We found a higher frequency of unstable HLA-C alleles in ADC patients, and none of them was harboring stable HLA-C alleles in homozygosis. Our data suggest that the role of HLA-C variants in ADC/HAND pathogenesis deserves further studies. If confirmed in a larger number of samples, this finding may have practical implication for a personalized medicine approach and for developing new therapies to prevent HAND. The exploration of HLA-C variants as risk factors for AD and other neurodegenerative disorders may be a promising field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Zipeto
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michela Serena
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Mutascio
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Parolini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Erica Diani
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Marina Malena
- U.O.S. Infectious Diseases, AULSS 9 Scaligera, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Malerba
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Tamburin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Gibellini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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16
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Vanholder R, Pletinck A, Schepers E, Glorieux G. Biochemical and Clinical Impact of Organic Uremic Retention Solutes: A Comprehensive Update. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10010033. [PMID: 29316724 PMCID: PMC5793120 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this narrative review, the biological/biochemical impact (toxicity) of a large array of known individual uremic retention solutes and groups of solutes is summarized. We classified these compounds along their physico-chemical characteristics as small water-soluble compounds or groups, protein bound compounds and middle molecules. All but one solute (glomerulopressin) affected at least one mechanism with the potential to contribute to the uremic syndrome. In general, several mechanisms were influenced for each individual solute or group of solutes, with some impacting up to 7 different biological systems of the 11 considered. The inflammatory, cardio-vascular and fibrogenic systems were those most frequently affected and they are one by one major actors in the high morbidity and mortality of CKD but also the mechanisms that have most frequently been studied. A scoring system was built with the intention to classify the reviewed compounds according to the experimental evidence of their toxicity (number of systems affected) and overall experimental and clinical evidence. Among the highest globally scoring solutes were 3 small water-soluble compounds [asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA); trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO); uric acid], 6 protein bound compounds or groups of protein bound compounds [advanced glycation end products (AGEs); p-cresyl sulfate; indoxyl sulfate; indole acetic acid; the kynurenines; phenyl acetic acid;] and 3 middle molecules [β2-microglobulin; ghrelin; parathyroid hormone). In general, more experimental data were provided for the protein bound molecules but for almost half of them clinical evidence was missing in spite of robust experimental data. The picture emanating is one of a complex disorder, where multiple factors contribute to a multisystem complication profile, so that it seems of not much use to pursue a decrease of concentration of a single compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Vanholder
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Anneleen Pletinck
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Eva Schepers
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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17
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Stability and Expression Levels of HLA-C on the Cell Membrane Modulate HIV-1 Infectivity. J Virol 2017; 92:JVI.01711-17. [PMID: 29070683 PMCID: PMC5730790 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01711-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-C expression is associated with a differential ability to control HIV-1 infection. Higher HLA-C levels may lead to better control of HIV-1 infection through both a higher efficiency of antigen presentation to cytotoxic T lymphocytes and the triggering of activating killer immunoglobulin-like receptors on NK cells, whereas lower levels may provide poor HIV-1 control and rapid progression to AIDS. We characterized the relative amounts of HLA-C heterotrimers (heavy chain/β2 microglobulin [β2m]/peptide) and HLA-C free heavy chains on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy blood donors harboring both alleles with stable or unstable binding to β2m/peptide. We analyzed the stability of HLA-C heterotrimers of different allotypes and the infectivity of HIV-1 virions produced by PBMCs with various allotypes. We observed significant differences in HLA-C heterotrimer stability and in expression levels. We found that R5 HIV-1 virions produced by PBMCs harboring unstable HLA-C alleles were more infectious than those produced by PBMCs carrying the stable variants. We propose that HIV-1 infectivity might depend both on the amounts of HLA-C molecules and on their stability as trimeric complex. According to this model, individuals with low-expression HLA-C alleles and unstable binding to β2m/peptide might have worse control of HIV-1 infection and an intrinsically higher capacity to support viral replication. IMPORTANCE Following HIV-1 infection, some people advance rapidly to AIDS while others have slow disease progression. HLA-C, a molecule involved in immunity, is a key determinant of HIV-1 control. Here we reveal how HLA-C variants contribute to the modulation of viral infectivity. HLA-C is present on the cell surface in two different conformations. The immunologically active conformation is part of a complex that includes β2 microglobulin/peptide; the other conformation is not bound to β2 microglobulin/peptide and can associate with HIV-1, increasing its infectivity. Individuals with HLA-C variants with a predominance of immunologically active conformations would display stronger immunity to HIV-1, reduced viral infectivity and effective control of HIV-1 infection, while subjects with HLA-C variants that easily dissociate from β2 microglobulin/peptide would have a reduced immunological response to HIV-1 and produce more infectious virions. This study provides new information that could be useful in the design of novel vaccine strategies and therapeutic approaches to HIV-1.
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18
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Leri M, Bemporad F, Oropesa-Nuñez R, Canale C, Calamai M, Nosi D, Ramazzotti M, Giorgetti S, Pavone FS, Bellotti V, Stefani M, Bucciantini M. Molecular insights into cell toxicity of a novel familial amyloidogenic variant of β2-microglobulin. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1443-56. [PMID: 26990223 PMCID: PMC4956941 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The first genetic variant of β2‐microglobulin (b2M) associated with a familial form of systemic amyloidosis has been recently described. The mutated protein, carrying a substitution of Asp at position 76 with an Asn (D76N b2M), exhibits a strongly enhanced amyloidogenic tendency to aggregate with respect to the wild‐type protein. In this study, we characterized the D76N b2M aggregation path and performed an unprecedented analysis of the biochemical mechanisms underlying aggregate cytotoxicity. We showed that, contrarily to what expected from other amyloid studies, early aggregates of the mutant are not the most toxic species, despite their higher surface hydrophobicity. By modulating ganglioside GM1 content in cell membrane or synthetic lipid bilayers, we confirmed the pivotal role of this lipid as aggregate recruiter favouring their cytotoxicity. We finally observed that the aggregates bind to the cell membrane inducing an alteration of its elasticity (with possible functional unbalance and cytotoxicity) in GM1‐enriched domains only, thus establishing a link between aggregate‐membrane contact and cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Leri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche 'Mario Serio', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Bemporad
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche 'Mario Serio', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Canale
- Dipartimento di Nanofisica, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Martino Calamai
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,National Institute of Optics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Firenze, Italy
| | - Daniele Nosi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche 'Mario Serio', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sofia Giorgetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Istituto di Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco S Pavone
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Vittorio Bellotti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Istituto di Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus University College London, London, UK
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche 'Mario Serio', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy.,Centro Interuniversitario per lo Studio delle Malattie Neurodegenerative (CIMN), Firenze, Italy
| | - Monica Bucciantini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche 'Mario Serio', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy.,Centro Interuniversitario per lo Studio delle Malattie Neurodegenerative (CIMN), Firenze, Italy
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19
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Watanabe K, Watanabe T, Nakayama M. Cerebro-renal interactions: impact of uremic toxins on cognitive function. Neurotoxicology 2014; 44:184-93. [PMID: 25003961 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI) associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has received attention as an important problem in recent years. Causes of CI with CKD are multifactorial, and include cerebrovascular disease, renal anemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, dialysis disequilibrium, and uremic toxins (UTs). Among these causes, little is known about the role of UTs. We therefore selected 21 uremic compounds, and summarized reports of cerebro-renal interactions associated with UTs. Among the compounds, uric acid, indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, interleukin 1-β, interleukin 6, TNF-α, and PTH were most likely to affect the cerebro-renal interaction dysfunction; however, sufficient data have not been obtained for other UTs. Notably, most of the data were not obtained under uremic conditions; therefore, the impact and mechanism of each UT on cognition and central nervous system in uremic state remains unknown. At present, impacts and mechanisms of UT effects on cognition are poorly understood. Clarifying the mechanisms and establishing novel therapeutic strategies for cerebro-renal interaction dysfunction is expected to be subject of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimio Watanabe
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Watanabe
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakayama
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
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20
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Bertoletti L, Regazzoni L, Altomare A, Colombo R, Colzani M, Vistoli G, Marchese L, Carini M, De Lorenzi E, Aldini G. Advanced glycation end products of beta2-microglobulin in uremic patients as determined by high resolution mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 91:193-201. [PMID: 24469019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
By using a high resolution top-down and bottom-up approach we identified and characterized the AGEs of beta2-microglobulin (β2-m) formed by incubating the protein in the presence of glucose and of the main reactive carbonyl species. Glucose induced glycation on the N-terminal residue, while glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO) covalently reacted with Arg3. Carboxymethyl (CM-R) and imidazolinone (R-GO) derivatives were identified in the case of GO and carboxyethyl arginine (CE-R) and methyl-imidazolinone (R-MGO) for MGO. Interestingly, α,β-unsaturated aldehydes [4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE); 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE); acrolein (ACR)] did not induce any covalent modifications up to 100μM. The different reactivity of β2-m towards the different RCS was then rationalized by molecular modeling studies. The MS method was then applied to fully characterize the AGEs of β2-m isolated from the urine of uremic subjects. CM-R, CE-R and R-MGO were easily identified on Arg3 and their relative abundance in respect to the native protein determined by a semi-quantitative approach. Overall, the AGEs content of urinary β2-m ranged from 0.2 to 1% in uremic subjects. The results here reported offer novel insights and technical achievements for a potential biological role of AGEs-β2-m in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bertoletti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Luca Regazzoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Altomare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Colombo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Mara Colzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Loredana Marchese
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Ersilia De Lorenzi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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21
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Montagna G, Cazzulani B, Obici L, Uggetti C, Giorgetti S, Porcari R, Ruggiero R, Mangione PP, Brambilla M, Lucchetti J, Guiso G, Gobbi M, Merlini G, Salmona M, Stoppini M, Villa G, Bellotti V. Benefit of doxycycline treatment on articular disability caused by dialysis related amyloidosis. Amyloid 2013; 20:173-8. [PMID: 23734692 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2013.803463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Doxycycline inhibits amyloid formation in vitro and its therapeutic efficacy is under evaluation in clinical trials for different protein conformational diseases, including prion diseases, Alzheimer's disease and transthyretin amyloidosis. In patients on chronic hemodialysis, a persistently high concentration of β2-microglobulin causes a form of amyloidosis (dialysis-related amyloidosis, DRA) localized in bones and ligaments. Since doxycycline inhibits β2-microglobulin fibrillogenesis in vitro and accumulates in bones, DRA represents an ideal form of amyloidosis where doxycycline may reach a therapeutic concentration at the site of amyloid deposition. Three patients on long-term dialysis with severe articular impairment and uncontrollable pain due to DRA were treated with 100 mg of doxycycline daily. Pharmacokinetics and safety of treatment were conducted. Plasmatic levels of the drug reached a plateau after one week (1.1-2.3 µg/ml). Treatment was well tolerated in two patients for a year, while one was suspended after 5 months due to mild esophagitis. Treatment was associated with a significant reduction in articular pain and with a significant and measurable improvement in passive and active movements in all cases, despite the persistence of unchanged amyloid deposits measured by magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Montagna
- Division of Nephrology and Hemodialysis, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS Rehabilitation Institute, Pavia, Italy
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22
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Porter MY, Routledge KE, Radford SE, Hewitt EW. Characterization of the response of primary cells relevant to dialysis-related amyloidosis to β2-microglobulin monomer and fibrils. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27353. [PMID: 22096558 PMCID: PMC3212568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of insoluble amyloid fibrils is associated with an array of devastating human diseases. Dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA) is a severe complication of hemodialysis that results in the progressive destruction of the bones and joints. Elevated concentrations of β2-microglobulin (β2m) in the serum of subjects on hemodialysis promote the formation of amyloid fibrils in the osteoarticular tissues, but the cellular basis for the destruction of these tissues in DRA is poorly understood. In this study we performed a systematic analysis of the interaction of monomeric and fibrillar β2m with primary human cells of the types present in the synovial joints of subjects with DRA. Building upon observations that macrophages infiltrate β2m amyloid deposits in vivo we demonstrate that monocytes, the precursors of macrophages, cannot degrade β2m fibrils, and that both monomeric β2m and fibrillar β2m are cytotoxic to these cells. β2m fibrils also impair the formation of bone resorbing osteoclasts from monocytes and reduce the viability of osteoblasts, the cell type that produces bone. As a consequence, we predict that β2m amyloid will disrupt the remodelling of the bone, which is critical for the maintenance of this tissue. Moreover, we show that β2m fibrils reduce the viability of chondrocytes, rationalizing the loss of cartilage in DRA. Together, our observations demonstrate that β2m cytotoxicity has multiple cellular targets in the osteoarticular tissues and is likely to be a key factor in the bone and joint destruction characteristic of DRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morwenna Y. Porter
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Katy E. Routledge
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sheena E. Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Eric W. Hewitt
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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23
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Kong FL, Cheng W, Chen J, Liang Y. d-Ribose glycates β(2)-microglobulin to form aggregates with high cytotoxicity through a ROS-mediated pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 194:69-78. [PMID: 21864514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
β(2)-Microglobulin (β(2)M) modified with advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is a major component of the amyloid deposits in hemodialysis-associated amyloidosis (HAA). However, the effect of glycation on the misfolding and aggregation of β(2)M has not been studied so far. Here we examine the molecular mechanism of aggregate formation of HAA-related ribosylated β(2)M in vitro. We find that the glycating agent d-ribose interacts with human β(2)M to generate AGEs that form aggregates in a time-dependent manner. Ribosylated β(2)M molecules are highly oligomerized compared with unglycated β(2)M, and have granular morphology. Furthermore, such ribosylated β(2)M aggregates show significant cytotoxicity to both human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and human foreskin fibroblast FS2 cells and induce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Presence of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (1.0mM) attenuated intracellular ROS and prevented cell death induction in both SH-SY5Y and FS2 cells, indicating that the cytotoxicity of ribosylated β(2)M aggregates depends on a ROS-mediated pathway in both cell lines. In other words, d-ribose reacts with β(2)M and induces the ribosylated protein to form granular aggregates with high cytotoxicity through a ROS-mediated pathway. These findings suggest that ribosylated β(2)M aggregates could contribute to the dysfunction and death of cells and could play an important role in the pathogenesis of β(2)M-associated diseases such as HAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Lou Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China
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24
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Giorgetti S, Raimondi S, Pagano K, Relini A, Bucciantini M, Corazza A, Fogolari F, Codutti L, Salmona M, Mangione P, Colombo L, De Luigi A, Porcari R, Gliozzi A, Stefani M, Esposito G, Bellotti V, Stoppini M. Effect of tetracyclines on the dynamics of formation and destructuration of beta2-microglobulin amyloid fibrils. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:2121-31. [PMID: 21068391 PMCID: PMC3023509 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.178376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of methods suitable for the conversion in vitro of native proteins into amyloid fibrils has shed light on the molecular basis of amyloidosis and has provided fundamental tools for drug discovery. We have studied the capacity of a small library of tetracycline analogues to modulate the formation or destructuration of β2-microglobulin fibrils. The inhibition of fibrillogenesis of the wild type protein was first established in the presence of 20% trifluoroethanol and confirmed under a more physiologic environment including heparin and collagen. The latter conditions were also used to study the highly amyloidogenic variant, P32G. The NMR analysis showed that doxycycline inhibits β2-microglobulin self-association and stabilizes the native-like species through fast exchange interactions involving specific regions of the protein. Cell viability assays demonstrated that the drug abolishes the natural cytotoxic activity of soluble β2-microglobulin, further strengthening a possible in vivo therapeutic exploitation of this drug. Doxycycline can disassemble preformed fibrils, but the IC(50) is 5-fold higher than that necessary for the inhibition of fibrillogenesis. Fibril destructuration is a dynamic and time-dependent process characterized by the early formation of cytotoxic protein aggregates that, in a few hours, convert into non-toxic insoluble material. The efficacy of doxycycline as a drug against dialysis-related amyloidosis would benefit from the ability of the drug to accumulate just in the skeletal system where amyloid is formed. In these tissues, the doxycycline concentration reaches values several folds higher than those resulting in inhibition of amyloidogenesis and amyloid destructuration in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Giorgetti
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 3b, 27100 Pavia
| | - Sara Raimondi
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 3b, 27100 Pavia
| | - Katiuscia Pagano
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine
| | - Annalisa Relini
- the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Rome
- the Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa
| | - Monica Bucciantini
- the Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence
| | - Alessandra Corazza
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine
- the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Rome
| | - Federico Fogolari
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine
- the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Rome
| | - Luca Codutti
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine
| | - Mario Salmona
- the Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Via La Masa, 19, 20156 Milan, and
| | - Palma Mangione
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 3b, 27100 Pavia
| | - Lino Colombo
- the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ada De Luigi
- the Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Via La Masa, 19, 20156 Milan, and
| | - Riccardo Porcari
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 3b, 27100 Pavia
| | - Alessandra Gliozzi
- the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Rome
- the Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa
| | - Massimo Stefani
- the Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence
| | - Gennaro Esposito
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine
- the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Rome
| | - Vittorio Bellotti
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 3b, 27100 Pavia
- the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Rome
| | - Monica Stoppini
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 3b, 27100 Pavia
- the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Rome
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25
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Toxicity of neurons treated with herbicides and neuroprotection by mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SS31. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2011; 8:203-21. [PMID: 21318024 PMCID: PMC3037070 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the neurotoxicity of two commonly used herbicides: picloram and triclopyr and the neuroprotective effects of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, SS31. Using mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) cells and primary neurons from C57BL/6 mice, we investigated the toxicity of these herbicides, and protective effects of SS1 peptide against picloram and triclopyr toxicity. We measured total RNA content, cell viability and mRNA expression of peroxiredoxins, neuroprotective genes, mitochondrial-encoded electron transport chain (ETC) genes in N2a cells treated with herbicides and SS31. Using primary neurons from C57BL/6 mice, neuronal survival was studied in neurons treated with herbicides, in neurons pretreated with SS31 plus treated with herbicides, neurons treated with SS31 alone, and untreated neurons. Significantly decreased total RNA content, and cell viability in N2a cells treated with picloram and triclopyr were found compared to untreated N2a cells. Decreased mRNA expression of neuroprotective genes, and ETC genes in cells treated with herbicides was found compared to untreated cells. Decreased mRNA expression of peroxiredoxins 1-6 in N2a cells treated with picloram was found, suggesting that picloram affects the antioxidant enzymes in N2a cells. Immunofluorescence analysis of primary neurons revealed that decreased neuronal branching and degenerating neurons in neurons treated with picloram and triclopyr. However, neurons pretreated with SS31 prevented degenerative process caused by herbicides. Based on these results, we propose that herbicides--picloram and triclopyr appear to damage neurons, and the SS31 peptide appears to protect neurons from herbicide toxicity.
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26
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Xue WF, Hellewell AL, Gosal WS, Homans SW, Hewitt EW, Radford SE. Fibril fragmentation enhances amyloid cytotoxicity. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:34272-82. [PMID: 19808677 PMCID: PMC2797196 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.049809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrils associated with amyloid disease are molecular assemblies of key biological importance, yet how cells respond to the presence of amyloid remains unclear. Cellular responses may not only depend on the chemical composition or molecular properties of the amyloid fibrils, but their physical attributes such as length, width, or surface area may also play important roles. Here, we report a systematic investigation of the effect of fragmentation on the structural and biological properties of amyloid fibrils. In addition to the expected relationship between fragmentation and the ability to seed, we show a striking finding that fibril length correlates with the ability to disrupt membranes and to reduce cell viability. Thus, despite otherwise unchanged molecular architecture, shorter fibrillar samples show enhanced cytotoxic potential than their longer counterparts. The results highlight the importance of fibril length in amyloid disease, with fragmentation not only providing a mechanism by which fibril load can be rapidly increased but also creating fibrillar species of different dimensions that can endow new or enhanced biological properties such as amyloid cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Feng Xue
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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27
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Abstract
beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m) is capable of forming amyloid in osteoarticular structures in kidney failure patients that undergo chronic hemodialysis treatment. Although sophisticated analytical methods have yielded comprehensive data about the conformation of the native protein both as a monomer and as the light chain of the type I major histocompatibility complex, the cause and mechanisms leading to the transformation of beta(2)m into amyloid deposits in patients with dialysis-related amyloidosis are unsettled. The impact on conformational stability of various truncations, cleavages, amino acid substitutions, and divalent cations, especially Cu(2+), however, are highly relevant for understanding beta(2)m unfolding pathways leading to amyloid formation. This review describes the current knowledge about such conformationally destabilizing and amyloidogenic factors and links these to the structure and function of beta(2)m in normal physiology and pathology. Tables listing modifications of beta(2)m found in amyloid from patients and a systematic overview of laboratory conditions conducive to beta(2)m-fibrillogenesis are also included.
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