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Tian Z, Wang X, Han T, Sun C. Selegiline ameliorated dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109901. [PMID: 36822098 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Certain monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors exhibit beneficial effects, such as reducing adiposity and metabolic disorders; however, their effects on hepatic lipid metabolism have not been revealed. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a selective MAO-B inhibitor, selegiline, on dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis in mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Administration of selegiline (0.6 mg/kg body weight) by intraperitoneal injection was found to reduce HFD-induced body weight gain and increases in liver and adiposity coefficients, blood lipids and fatty acid levels. Furthermore, selegiline dramatically reduced the total triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (TC) levels and lipid accumulation in the livers of HFD-fed mice and palmitic acid (PA)-treated AML-12 hepatocytes. In vivo and in vitro results indicated that selegiline protects against HFD- and PA-induced hepatic inflammation by reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, namely IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-1α. Additionally, selegiline exhibited antioxidative effects on HFD and PA exposure in mouse liver and AML-12 cells by decreasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA) and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Further study showed that selegiline administration mitigated the expression of Srebf-1, Fasn, and Acaca and downregulated the expression of Cpt-1 and Pparα in HFD-fed mouse livers and PA-treated AML-12 cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that selegiline exerts protective effects against HFD-induced dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis, which may be related to an improved inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tian
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Tianshu Han
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Changhao Sun
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
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Putnins EE, Goebeler V, Ostadkarampour M. Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitor Reduction in Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Mediated by Inhibition of cAMP-PKA/EPAC Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:741460. [PMID: 34867348 PMCID: PMC8635787 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.741460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal epithelial cell integrity is an important component of innate immunity and it protects the host from an environment rich in microorganisms. Virulence factors from Gram-negative bacteria [e.g. lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] induce significant pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors reduce cytokine expression in a variety of inflammatory models and may therefore have therapeutic potential for a number of inflammatory diseases. We tested the anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential of a recently developed reversible MAO-B inhibitor (RG0216) with reduced transport across the blood–brain barrier. In an epithelial cell culture model, RG0216 significantly decreased LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β gene and protein expression and was as effective as equimolar concentrations of deprenyl (an existing irreversible MAO-B inhibitor). Hydrogen peroxide and modulating dopamine receptor signaling had no effect on cytokine expression. We showed that LPS-induced expression of IL-6 and IL-1β was cAMP dependent, that IL-6 and IL-1β expression were induced by direct cAMP activation (forskolin) and that RG0216 and deprenyl effectively reduced cAMP-mediated cytokine expression. Targeted protein kinase A (PKA) and Exchange Protein Activated by cAMP (EPAC) activation regulated IL-6 and IL-1β expression, albeit in different ways, but both cytokines were effectively decreased with RG0216. RG0216 reduction of LPS-induced cytokine expression occurred by acting downstream of the cAMP-PKA/EPAC signaling cascade. This represents a novel mechanism by which MAO-B selective inhibitors regulate LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-1β expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward E Putnins
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Verena Goebeler
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mahyar Ostadkarampour
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin is primarily due to the activation of the 5-hydroxytryptamine degradation system in proximal renal tubules. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 349:109662. [PMID: 34560070 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As a widely used anticancer drug in the clinic, cisplatin has obvious side effects, especially nephrotoxicity. Previous studies have suggested that the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a hallmark of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ROS accumulation induced by cisplatin and 5-HT degradation. In vivo, by HE and TUNEL staining, we found that cisplatin-induced renal lesions and apoptotic regions, which were located in proximal tubular epithelial cells, were also the regions in which tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1), aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) were overexpressed, as determined by immunohistochemistry. Notably, the 5-HT2AR antagonist sarpogrelate hydrochloride (SH) and the AADC inhibitor carbidopa (CDP) significantly attenuated cisplatin-induced increases in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, renal ROS levels, oxidative stress (SOD activity and MDA), proinflammatory cytokine levels (NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β), proapoptotic factor levels (Bax, Bcl-2, C-caspase 3 and C-caspase 9) and the phosphorylation of p38 and STAT3, as well as renal lesions and apoptosis. The combination of SH and CDP could almost abolish the effects of cisplatin challenge. In vitro, the effects of cisplatin challenge and the inhibitory effects of SH and CDP were also observed in HK-2 cells. Additionally, similar to the combination of SH and CDP, the MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline could also abolish the effects of cisplatin challenge. More importantly, by western blotting, we detected that the upregulation of Tph1, AADC and MAO-A expression induced by cisplatin both in vivo and in vitro could be obviously suppressed by SH to decrease 5-HT synthesis and mitochondrial 5-HT degradation. Altogether, these findings suggested that cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is due to the activation of the 5-HT degradation system in proximal tubular epithelial cells, including 5-HT2AR and 5-HT synthesis and degradation. 5-HT2AR plays a role by mediating the expression of MAO-A and the 5-HT synthases Tph1 and AADC.
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Ostadkarampour M, Putnins EE. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: A Review of Their Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Potential and Mechanisms of Action. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:676239. [PMID: 33995107 PMCID: PMC8120032 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.676239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases are debilitating, affect patients' quality of life, and are a significant financial burden on health care. Inflammation is regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that are expressed by immune and non-immune cells, and their expression is highly controlled, both spatially and temporally. Their dysregulation is a hallmark of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Significant evidence supports that monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor drugs have anti-inflammatory effects. MAO inhibitors are principally prescribed for the management of a variety of central nervous system (CNS)-associated diseases such as depression, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's; however, they also have anti-inflammatory effects in the CNS and a variety of non-CNS tissues. To bolster support for their development as anti-inflammatories, it is critical to elucidate their mechanism(s) of action. MAO inhibitors decrease the generation of end products such as hydrogen peroxide, aldehyde, and ammonium. They also inhibit biogenic amine degradation, and this increases cellular and pericellular catecholamines in a variety of immune and some non-immune cells. This decrease in end product metabolites and increase in catecholamines can play a significant role in the anti-inflammatory effects of MAO inhibitors. This review examines MAO inhibitor effects on inflammation in a variety of in vitro and in vivo CNS and non-CNS disease models, as well as their anti-inflammatory mechanism(s) of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Ostadkarampour
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Edward E Putnins
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Lu MC, Zhang X, Wu F, Tan SJ, Zhao J, You QD, Jiang ZY. Discovery of a Potent Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1-Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Keap1–Nrf2) Protein–Protein Interaction Inhibitor with Natural Proline Structure as a Cytoprotective Agent against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6796-6813. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shi-Jie Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qi-Dong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors on ischaemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 818:38-42. [PMID: 29032106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Increases in renal sympathetic nerve activity during ischaemia and renal venous norepinephrine levels after reperfusion play important roles in the development of ischaemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. In the present study, we examined the effect of isatin, an endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitor, on renal venous norepinephrine levels, superoxide production after reperfusion, and ischaemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. Ischaemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury was accomplished by clamping the left renal artery and vein for 45min, followed by reperfusion, 2 weeks after contralateral nephrectomy. Renal superoxide production and norepinephrine overflow were elevated and significant renal tissue damage was observed following ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Intravenous injection of isatin (10mg/kg) at 5min before ischaemia increased the renal venous plasma norepinephrine level after reperfusion and aggravated ischaemia/reperfusion-induced renal dysfunction and histological damage. The excessive superoxide production after reperfusion was significantly suppressed by isatin administration, indicating that the inhibition of oxidative deamination effectively suppressed superoxide production. These data suggest that the exacerbation effect of isatin is associated, at least in part, with increased norepinephrine levels but not with superoxide production. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isatin involvement in the pathogenesis and/or development of acute kidney injury.
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Tanaka R, Yazawa M, Morikawa Y, Tsutsui H, Ohkita M, Yukimura T, Matsumura Y. Sex differences in ischaemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury depends on the degradation of noradrenaline by monoamine oxidase. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:371-377. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Tanaka
- Laboratory of Pathological and Molecular Pharmacology; Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Takatsuki Osaka Japan
| | - Maki Yazawa
- Laboratory of Pathological and Molecular Pharmacology; Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Takatsuki Osaka Japan
| | - Yuri Morikawa
- Laboratory of Pathological and Molecular Pharmacology; Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Takatsuki Osaka Japan
| | - Hidenobu Tsutsui
- Laboratory of Pathological and Molecular Pharmacology; Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Takatsuki Osaka Japan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Osaka Ohtani University; Tondabayashi Osaka Japan
| | - Mamoru Ohkita
- Laboratory of Pathological and Molecular Pharmacology; Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Takatsuki Osaka Japan
| | - Tokihito Yukimura
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Osaka Ohtani University; Tondabayashi Osaka Japan
| | - Yasuo Matsumura
- Laboratory of Pathological and Molecular Pharmacology; Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Takatsuki Osaka Japan
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Rimessi A, Previati M, Nigro F, Wieckowski MR, Pinton P. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and inflammation: Molecular mechanisms, diseases and promising therapies. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:281-293. [PMID: 27373679 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, many different groups have been engaged in studies of new roles for mitochondria, particularly the coupling of alterations in the redox pathway with the inflammatory responses involved in different diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, atherosclerosis, cerebral cavernous malformations, cystic fibrosis and cancer. Mitochondrial dysfunction is important in these pathological conditions, suggesting a pivotal role for mitochondria in the coordination of pro-inflammatory signaling from the cytosol and signaling from other subcellular organelles. In this regard, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are emerging as perfect liaisons that can trigger the assembly and successive activation of large caspase-1- activating complexes known as inflammasomes. This review offers a glimpse into the mechanisms by which inflammasomes are activated by mitochondrial mechanisms, including reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, and the roles they can play in several inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rimessi
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Previati
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Nigro
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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Duncan JW, Zhang X, Wang N, Johnson S, Harris S, Udemgba C, Ou XM, Youdim MB, Stockmeier CA, Wang JM. Binge ethanol exposure increases the Krüppel-like factor 11-monoamine oxidase (MAO) pathway in rats: Examining the use of MAO inhibitors to prevent ethanol-induced brain injury. Neuropharmacology 2016; 105:329-340. [PMID: 26805422 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking induces several neurotoxic consequences including oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Because of these effects, drugs which prevent ethanol-induced damage to the brain may be clinically beneficial. In this study, we investigated the ethanol-mediated KLF11-MAO cell death cascade in the frontal cortex of Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to a modified Majchowicz 4-day binge ethanol model and control rats. Moreover, MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) were investigated for neuroprotective activity against binge ethanol. Binge ethanol-treated rats demonstrated a significant increase in KLF11, both MAO isoforms, protein oxidation and caspase-3, as well as a reduction in BDNF expression in the frontal cortex compared to control rats. MAOIs prevented these binge ethanol-induced changes, suggesting a neuroprotective benefit. Neither binge ethanol nor MAOI treatment significantly affected protein expression levels of the oxidative stress enzymes, SOD2 or catalase. Furthermore, ethanol-induced antinociception was enhanced following exposure to the 4-day ethanol binge. These results demonstrate that the KLF11-MAO pathway is activated by binge ethanol exposure and MAOIs are neuroprotective by preventing the binge ethanol-induced changes associated with this cell death cascade. This study supports KLF11-MAO as a mechanism of ethanol-induced neurotoxicity and cell death that could be targeted with MAOI drug therapy to alleviate alcohol-related brain injury. Further examination of MAOIs to reduce alcohol use disorder-related brain injury could provide pivotal insight to future pharmacotherapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Duncan
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Niping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Shakevia Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Sharonda Harris
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Chinelo Udemgba
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Ou
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Moussa B Youdim
- Technion-Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine, Eve Topf Center of Excellence, For Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Craig A Stockmeier
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Jun Ming Wang
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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Jin S, Kim S, Seo H, Jeong J, Ahn K, Kim J, Choi D, Park J, Lee J, Choi S, Seong I, Kim S, Suh K, Jeong JO. Beneficial Effects of Necrosis Modulator, Indole Derivative NecroX-7, on Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:199-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Vuohelainen V, Hämäläinen M, Paavonen T, Karlsson S, Moilanen E, Mennander A. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase A increases recovery after experimental cardiac arrest. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2015; 21:441-9. [PMID: 26116370 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivv175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Perioperative myocardial infarction (MI) with ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a devastating entity occurring in 1-2% of patients after cardiac surgery. The molecular pathway leading to myocardial cellular destruction after MI may include monoamine oxidases. We experimentally investigated whether moclobemide, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, enhances myocardial recovery after cardiac arrest and MI. METHODS Fifty-six syngeneic Fischer rats underwent heterotopic cardiac transplantation to induce reversible IRI after cardiac arrest. Twenty-eight rats also underwent permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce MI after cardiac arrest. Twenty-eight rats with or without MI were treated with subcutaneous moclobemide 10 mg/kg/day. Methods used to study myocardial recovery were microdialysis for intramyocardial metabolism, histology and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), haeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), interleukin-6, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and macrophages (CD68). RESULTS Pyruvate increased in MI treated with moclobemide versus IRI with moclobemide (29.19 ± 7.64 vs 13.86 ± 8.49 µM, P = 0.028), reflecting metabolic activity after cardiac arrest and reperfusion. Myocardial inflammation increased in MI compared with IRI after 1 h (0.80 ± 0.56 vs 0, point score units [PSUs], P = 0.003), but decreased after 5 days in MI treated with moclobemide versus MI alone (0.80 ± 0.83 vs 2.00 ± 0.70, PSU, P = 0.033). Expressions of HMGB1, CD68 and HO-1 decreased in MI treated with moclobemide versus MI alone (1.33 ± 0.20 vs 1.75 ± 0.24, fold changes [FCs], P = 0.028; 5.15 ± 1.10 vs 9.59 ± 2.75, FC, P = 0.050; 10.41 ± 4.17 vs 21.28 ± 10.01, FC, P = 0.047), indicating myocardial recovery and increased cellularity of remote intramyocardial arteries. CONCLUSIONS Moclobemide enhances myocardial recovery after cardiac arrest and MI; inhibition of remote myocardial changes may be achieved by targeting treatment against monoamine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Vuohelainen
- Heart Hospital, Cardiac Research, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo Paavonen
- Department of Pathology, Fimlab, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sari Karlsson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Unit, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ari Mennander
- Heart Hospital, Cardiac Research, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Management of fibrosis: the mesenchymal stromal cells breakthrough. Stem Cells Int 2014; 2014:340257. [PMID: 25132856 PMCID: PMC4123563 DOI: 10.1155/2014/340257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the endpoint of many chronic inflammatory diseases and is defined by an abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix components. Despite its slow progression, it leads to organ malfunction. Fibrosis can affect almost any tissue. Due to its high frequency, in particular in the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys, many studies have been conducted to find satisfactory treatments. Despite these efforts, current fibrosis management therapies either are insufficiently effective or induce severe adverse effects. In the light of these facts, innovative experimental therapies are being investigated. Among these, cell therapy is regarded as one of the best candidates. In particular, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have great potential in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The value of their immunomodulatory effects and their ability to act on profibrotic factors such as oxidative stress, hypoxia, and the transforming growth factor-β1 pathway has already been highlighted in preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, their propensity to act depending on the microenvironment surrounding them enhances their curative properties. In this paper, we review a large range of studies addressing the use of MSCs in the treatment of fibrotic diseases. The results reported here suggest that MSCs have antifibrotic potential for several organs.
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Impellizzeri D, Esposito E, Attley J, Cuzzocrea S. Targeting inflammation: new therapeutic approaches in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Pharmacol Res 2014; 81:91-102. [PMID: 24602801 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, features that are closely associated with nuclear factor (NF-κB) activation, play a key role in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several animal models and clinical trials have clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) therapy to improve glomerular/tubulointerstitial damage, reduce proteinuria, and decrease CKD progression, but CKD treatment still represents a clinical challenge. Bardoxolone methyl, a first-in-class oral Nrf-2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) agonist that until recently showed considerable potential for the management of a range of chronic diseases, had been shown to improve kidney function in patients with advanced diabetic nephropathy (DN) with few adverse events in a phase 2 trial, but a large phase 3 study in patients with diabetes and CKD was halted due to emerging toxicity and death in a number of patients. Instead, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) a member of the fatty acid ethanolamine family, is a novel non-steroidal, kidney friendly anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic agent with a well-documented safety profile, that may represent a potential candidate in treating CKD probably by a combination of pharmacological properties, including some activity at the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α). The aim of this review is to discuss new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of CKD, with particular reference to the outcome of two therapies, bardoxolone methyl and PEA, to improve our understanding of which pharmacological properties are responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects necessary for the effective treatment of renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, Messina 31-98166, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, Messina 31-98166, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, Messina 31-98166, Italy; Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Karadeniz Cerit K, Karakoyun B, Yüksel M, Özkan N, Cetinel Ş, Tolga Dağli E, Yeğen BÇ, Tuğtepe H. The antifibrotic drug halofuginone reduces ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative renal damage in rats. J Pediatr Urol 2013; 9:174-83. [PMID: 22373656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM The objective of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of halofuginone against renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar albino rats were unilaterally nephrectomized and the left renal pedicles were occluded for 45 min to induce ischemia and then reperfused for 6 h (early) or for 72 h (late). The rats were treated intraperitoneally with either halofuginone (100 μg/kg/day) or saline 30 min prior to ischemia and the dose was repeated in the late reperfusion groups. In the sham groups, rats underwent unilateral nephrectomy and were treated at similar time points. The animals were decapitated at either 6 h or 72 h of reperfusion and trunk blood and kidney samples were obtained. RESULTS I/R injury increased renal malondialdehyde levels, myeloperoxidase activity and reactive oxygen radical levels, and decreased the renal glutathione content. Halofuginone treatment was found to reduce oxidative I/R injury and improve renal function in the rat kidney, as evidenced by reduced generation of reactive oxygen species, depressed lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase activity, and increased glutathione levels. CONCLUSIONS The present findings demonstrate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of halofuginone in renal I/R injury, supporting its potential use where renal I/R injury is inevitable.
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Deftereos SN, Dodou E, Andronis C, Persidis A. From depression to neurodegeneration and heart failure: re-examining the potential of MAO inhibitors. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2013; 5:413-25. [PMID: 22943121 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.12.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Initially introduced in the 1950s for treating depression, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors were gradually abandoned, mainly owing to their potential for drug-drug and drug-food interactions, the most widely known being with tyramine-containing food (the 'cheese' effect). Since then, more selective MAO-A or MAO-B inhibitors have been developed with substantially reduced risks, and have been approved for the treatment of depression and Parkinson's disease, respectively. Recent research suggests that some of these drugs also have neuroprotective properties, while preclinical evidence expands the spectrum of potential indications to heart failure, renal diseases and multiple sclerosis. In this article, the authors review the relevance of MAO isoforms to disease, and they also outline current research and development efforts in this class of drugs, including newer multipotent compounds.
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Antioxidants in kidney diseases: the impact of bardoxolone methyl. Int J Nephrol 2012; 2012:321714. [PMID: 22701794 PMCID: PMC3373077 DOI: 10.1155/2012/321714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Drugs targeting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are the mainstay of therapy to retard the progression of proteinuric chronic kidney disease (CKD) such as diabetic nephropathy. However, diabetic nephropathy is still the first cause of end-stage renal disease. New drugs targeted to the pathogenesis and mechanisms of progression of these diseases beyond RAAS inhibition are needed. There is solid experimental evidence of a key role of oxidative stress and its interrelation with inflammation on renal damage. However, randomized and well-powered trials on these agents in CKD are scarce. We now review the biological bases of oxidative stress and its role in kidney diseases, with focus on diabetic nephropathy, as well as the role of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway and recent clinical trials targeting this pathway with bardoxolone methyl.
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Alfarano C, Roubeix C, Chaaya R, Ceccaldi C, Calise D, Mias C, Cussac D, Bascands JL, Parini A. Intraparenchymal injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells reduces kidney fibrosis after ischemia-reperfusion in cyclosporine-immunosuppressed rats. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:2009-19. [PMID: 22525800 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x640448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion and immunosuppressive therapy are a major cause of progressive renal failure after kidney transplantation. Recent studies have shown that administration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improves kidney functional recovery in the acute phase of post ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the present study, we used an original model of renal ischemia-reperfusion in immunosuppressed rats (NIRC) to investigate the effects of bone marrow MSCs on progression of chronic renal failure and the mechanisms potentially involved. Left renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) was induced in unilateral nephrectomized Lewis rats. After IR, rats were treated daily with cyclosporine (10 mg/kg SC) for 28 days. MSCs were injected into the kidney at day 7 after IR. At day 28 after IR, kidneys were removed for histomorphological, biochemical, and gene expression analysis. The effect of conditioned media from MSCs on epithelial-mesenchymal transition was studied in vitro on HK2 cells. Our results show that, as compared to untreated NIRC rats, rats treated by intrarenal injection of MSCs 7 days after IR displayed improvement in renal function, reduction of interstitial fibrosis, and decrease in chronic tubule injury. These effects were associated with a decrease in interstitial α-SMA accumulation and MMP2 activity, markers of fibroblast/fibroblast-like cell activation, and renal remodeling, respectively. Finally, experiments in vitro showed that MSC-conditioned medium prevented epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-β in HK2 cells. In conclusion, our results show that, in immunosuppressed animals, a single intrarenal administration of MSCs reduced renal fibrosis and promoted the recovery of renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alfarano
- Inserm, UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Toulouse, France
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Miravète M, Dissard R, Klein J, Gonzalez J, Caubet C, Pecher C, Pipy B, Bascands JL, Mercier-Bonin M, Schanstra JP, Buffin-Meyer B. Renal tubular fluid shear stress facilitates monocyte activation toward inflammatory macrophages. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 302:F1409-17. [PMID: 22419690 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00409.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Modified urinary fluid shear stress (FSS) induced by variations of urinary fluid flow and composition is observed in early phases of most kidney diseases. Recently, we reported that renal tubular FSS promotes endothelial cell activation and subsequent adhesion of human monocytes, thereby suggesting that changes in urinary FSS can induce the development of inflammation (Miravète M, Klein J, Besse-Patin A, Gonzalez J, Pecher C, Bascands JL, Mercier-Bonin M, Schanstra JP, Buffin-Meyer B, BBRC 407: 813-817, 2011). Here, we evaluated the influence of tubular FSS on monocytes as they play an important role in the progression of inflammation in nephropathies. Human renal tubular cells (HK-2) were exposed to FSS 0.01 Pa for 30 min or 5 h. Treatment of human THP-1 monocytes with the resulting conditioned medium (FSS-CM) modified the expression of macrophage differentiation markers, suggesting differentiation toward the inflammatory M1-type macrophage. The effect was confirmed in freshly isolated human monocytes. In contrast to endothelial cells, the activation of monocytes by FSS-CM did not require TNF-α. Cytokine array analysis of FSS-CM showed that FSS modified secretion of cytokines by HK-2 cells, particularly by increasing secretion of TGF-β and by decreasing secretion of C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). Neutralization of TGF-β or CCL2 supplementation attenuated the effect of FSS-CM on macrophage differentiation. Finally, FSS-injured HK-2 cells expressed and secreted early biomarkers of tubular damage such as kidney injury molecule 1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. In conclusion, changes in urinary FSS should now also be considered as potential insults for tubular cells that initiate/perpetuate interstitial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Miravète
- INSERM U1048/I2MC-Equipe 12, 2Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Instituteof Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1 Av. Jean Poulhès, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Klein J, Jupp S, Moulos P, Fernandez M, Buffin‐Meyer B, Casemayou A, Chaaya R, Charonis A, Bascands J, Stevens R, Schanstra JP. The KUPKB: a novel Web application to access multiomics data on kidney disease. FASEB J 2012; 26:2145-53. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-194381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Klein
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1048Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic DiseaseToulouseFrance
- Université Toulouse III Paul‐SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Simon Jupp
- School of Computer ScienceUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Panagiotis Moulos
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1048Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic DiseaseToulouseFrance
- Université Toulouse III Paul‐SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Myriem Fernandez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1048Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic DiseaseToulouseFrance
- Université Toulouse III Paul‐SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Bénédicte Buffin‐Meyer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1048Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic DiseaseToulouseFrance
- Université Toulouse III Paul‐SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Audrey Casemayou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1048Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic DiseaseToulouseFrance
- Université Toulouse III Paul‐SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Rana Chaaya
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1048Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic DiseaseToulouseFrance
- Université Toulouse III Paul‐SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Aristidis Charonis
- Section of HistologyCenter for Basic Research I, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Jean‐Loup Bascands
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1048Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic DiseaseToulouseFrance
- Université Toulouse III Paul‐SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Robert Stevens
- School of Computer ScienceUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Joost P. Schanstra
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1048Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic DiseaseToulouseFrance
- Université Toulouse III Paul‐SabatierToulouseFrance
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Tsai PY, Ka SM, Chang JM, Chen HC, Shui HA, Li CY, Hua KF, Chang WL, Huang JJ, Yang SS, Chen A. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate prevents lupus nephritis development in mice via enhancing the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:744-54. [PMID: 21641991 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Patients with lupus nephritis show an impaired oxidative status and increased levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, which are closely linked to inflammation and correlated with disease activity. Although epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major bioactive polyphenol present in green tea with antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated inflammatory responses in vivo, its effectiveness for the treatment of lupus nephritis is still unknown. In the present study, 12-week-old New Zealand black/white (NZB/W) F1 lupus-prone mice were treated daily with EGCG by gavage until sacrificed at 34 weeks old for clinical, pathological, and mechanistic evaluation. We found that the administration (1) prevented proteinuria, renal function impairment, and severe renal lesions; (2) increased renal nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and glutathione peroxidase activity; (3) reduced renal oxidative stress, NF-κB activation, and NLRP3 mRNA/protein expression and protein levels of mature caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18; and (4) enhanced splenic regulatory T (Treg) cell activity. Our data clearly demonstrate that EGCG has prophylactic effects on lupus nephritis in these mice that are highly associated with its effects of enhancing the Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway, decreasing renal NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and increasing systemic Treg cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Identification of novel indicators of cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity in a CD-1 mouse model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 252:201-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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