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Wu Q, Berglund AE, Macaulay RJ, Etame AB. The Role of Mesenchymal Reprogramming in Malignant Clonal Evolution and Intra-Tumoral Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma. Cells 2024; 13:942. [PMID: 38891074 PMCID: PMC11171993 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common yet uniformly fatal adult brain cancer. Intra-tumoral molecular and cellular heterogeneities are major contributory factors to therapeutic refractoriness and futility in GBM. Molecular heterogeneity is represented through molecular subtype clusters whereby the proneural (PN) subtype is associated with significantly increased long-term survival compared to the highly resistant mesenchymal (MES) subtype. Furthermore, it is universally recognized that a small subset of GBM cells known as GBM stem cells (GSCs) serve as reservoirs for tumor recurrence and progression. The clonal evolution of GSC molecular subtypes in response to therapy drives intra-tumoral heterogeneity and remains a critical determinant of GBM outcomes. In particular, the intra-tumoral MES reprogramming of GSCs using current GBM therapies has emerged as a leading hypothesis for therapeutic refractoriness. Preventing the intra-tumoral divergent evolution of GBM toward the MES subtype via new treatments would dramatically improve long-term survival for GBM patients and have a significant impact on GBM outcomes. In this review, we examine the challenges of the role of MES reprogramming in the malignant clonal evolution of glioblastoma and provide future perspectives for addressing the unmet therapeutic need to overcome resistance in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Anders E. Berglund
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Robert J. Macaulay
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Arnold B. Etame
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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2
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Liu D, Zhu H, Cheng L, Li R, Ma X, Wang J, Wang J, Zhang S, Li Y, Shu K, Yu X, Li C. Hypoxia-induced galectin-8 maintains stemness in glioma stem cells via autophagy regulation. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:872-888. [PMID: 38158714 PMCID: PMC11066898 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are the root cause of relapse and treatment resistance in glioblastoma (GBM). In GSCs, hypoxia in the microenvironment is known to facilitate the maintenance of stem cells, and evolutionally conserved autophagy regulates cell homeostasis to control cell population. The precise involvement of autophagy regulation in hypoxic conditions in maintaining the stemness of GSCs remains unclear. METHODS The association of autophagy regulation and hypoxia was first assessed by in silico analysis and validation in vitro. Glioma databases and clinical specimens were used to determine galectin-8 (Gal-8) expression in GSCs and human GBMs, and the regulation and function of Gal-8 in stemness maintenance were evaluated by genetic manipulation in vitro and in vivo. How autophagy was stimulated by Gal-8 under hypoxia was systematically investigated. RESULTS Hypoxia enhances autophagy in GSCs to facilitate self-renewal, and Gal-8 in the galectin family is specifically involved and expressed in GSCs within the hypoxic niche. Gal-8 is highly expressed in GBM and predicts poor survival in patients. Suppression of Gal-8 prevents tumor growth and prolongs survival in mouse models of GBM. Gal-8 binds to the Ragulator-Rag complex at the lysosome membrane and inactivates mTORC1, leading to the nuclear translocation of downstream TFEB and initiation of autophagic lysosomal biogenesis. Consequently, the survival and proliferative activity of GSCs are maintained. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a novel Gal-8-mTOR-TFEB axis induced by hypoxia in the maintenance of GSC stemness via autophagy reinforcement, highlighting Gal-8 as a candidate for GSCs-targeted GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongtao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lidong Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junwen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Suojun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingjiang Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanzhou Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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3
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Troike KM, Wang SZ, Silver DJ, Lee J, Mulkearns-Hubert EE, Hajdari N, Ghosh PK, Kay KE, Beilis JL, Mitchell SE, Bishop CW, Hong ES, Artomov M, Hubert CG, Rajappa P, Connor JR, Fox PL, Kristensen BW, Lathia JD. Homeostatic iron regulatory protein drives glioblastoma growth via tumor cell-intrinsic and sex-specific responses. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdad154. [PMID: 38239626 PMCID: PMC10794878 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) displays alterations in iron that drive proliferation and tumor growth. Iron regulation is complex and involves many regulatory mechanisms, including the homeostatic iron regulator (HFE) gene, which encodes the homeostatic iron regulatory protein. While HFE is upregulated in GBM and correlates with poor survival outcomes, the function of HFE in GBM remains unclear. Methods We interrogated the impact of cell-intrinsic Hfe expression on proliferation and survival of intracranially implanted animals through genetic gain- and loss-of-function approaches in syngeneic mouse glioma models, along with in vivo immune assessments. We also determined the expression of iron-associated genes and their relationship to survival in GBM using public data sets and used transcriptional profiling to identify differentially expressed pathways in control compared to Hfe-knockdown cells. Results Overexpression of Hfe accelerated GBM proliferation and reduced animal survival, whereas suppression of Hfe induced apoptotic cell death and extended survival, which was more pronounced in females and associated with attenuation of natural killer cells and CD8+ T cell activity. Analysis of iron gene signatures in Hfe-knockdown cells revealed alterations in the expression of several iron-associated genes, suggesting global disruption of intracellular iron homeostasis. Further analysis of differentially expressed pathways revealed oxidative stress as the top pathway upregulated following Hfe loss. Hfe knockdown indeed resulted in enhanced 55Fe uptake and generation of reactive oxygen species. Conclusions These findings reveal an essential function for HFE in GBM cell growth and survival, as well as a sex-specific interaction with the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Troike
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sabrina Z Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel J Silver
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Juyeun Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Erin E Mulkearns-Hubert
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicole Hajdari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Prabar K Ghosh
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristen E Kay
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Julia L Beilis
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sofia E Mitchell
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher W Bishop
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ellen S Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mykyta Artomov
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher G Hubert
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Prajwal Rajappa
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bjarne W Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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De Bacco F, Orzan F, Casanova E, Prelli M, Boccaccio C. Protocol for in vitro establishment of heterogeneous stem-like cultures derived from whole human glioblastoma tumors. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102705. [PMID: 37971942 PMCID: PMC10684815 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultures enriched in glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) are prominent in vitro models to investigate molecular determinants and therapeutic targets of glioblastoma; however, conventional GSC derivation protocols fail to preserve GSC heterogeneity. Here, we present a protocol for the propagation of heterogeneous GSC cultures starting from cell resuspensions containing the entire tumor mass. We describe steps for isolation of GSCs and their maintenance and expansion in culture. We then detail procedures for preliminary analysis to be performed on freshly isolated material. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to De Bacco et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Bacco
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesca Orzan
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
| | - Elena Casanova
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
| | - Marta Prelli
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Boccaccio
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
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5
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Wang W, Tugaoen JD, Fadda P, Toland AE, Ma Q, Elder JB, Giglio P, Otero JJ. Glioblastoma pseudoprogression and true progression reveal spatially variable transcriptional differences. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:192. [PMID: 38049893 PMCID: PMC10694987 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-resection radiologic monitoring to identify areas of new or progressive enhancement concerning for cancer recurrence is critical during patients with glioblastoma follow-up. However, treatment-related pseudoprogression presents with similar imaging features but requires different clinical management. While pathologic diagnosis is the gold standard to differentiate true progression and pseudoprogression, the lack of objective clinical standards and admixed histologic presentation creates the needs to (1) validate the accuracy of current approaches and (2) characterize differences between these entities to objectively differentiate true disease. We demonstrated using an online RNAseq repository of recurrent glioblastoma samples that cancer-immune cell activity levels correlate with heterogenous clinical outcomes in patients. Furthermore, nCounter RNA expression analysis of 48 clinical samples taken from second neurosurgical resection supports that pseudoprogression gene expression pathways are dominated with immune activation, whereas progression is predominated with cell cycle activity. Automated image processing and spatial expression analysis however highlight a failure to apply these broad expressional differences in a subset of cases with clinically challenging admixed histology. Encouragingly, applying unsupervised clustering approaches over our segmented histologic images provides novel understanding of morphologically derived differences between progression and pseudoprogression. Spatially derived data further highlighted polarization of myeloid populations that may underscore the tumorgenicity of novel lesions. These findings not only help provide further clarity of potential targets for pathologists to better assist stratification of progression and pseudoprogression, but also highlight the evolution of tumor-immune microenvironment changes which promote tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 4166 Graves Hall, 333 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jonah Domingo Tugaoen
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 4166 Graves Hall, 333 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Paolo Fadda
- Genomics Shared Resource-Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amanda Ewart Toland
- Genomics Shared Resource-Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Brad Elder
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pierre Giglio
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - José Javier Otero
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 4166 Graves Hall, 333 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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6
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Qu J, Qiu B, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Wang Z, Guan Z, Qin Y, Sui T, Wu F, Li B, Han W, Peng X. The tumor-enriched small molecule gambogic amide suppresses glioma by targeting WDR1-dependent cytoskeleton remodeling. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:424. [PMID: 37935665 PMCID: PMC10630452 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most prevalent brain tumor, presenting with limited treatment options, while patients with malignant glioma and glioblastoma (GBM) have poor prognoses. The physical obstacle to drug delivery imposed by the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) and glioma stem cells (GSCs), which are widely recognized as crucial elements contributing to the unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. In this study, we found a small molecule, gambogic amide (GA-amide), exhibited the ability to effectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and displayed a notable enrichment within the tumor region. Moreover, GA-amide exhibited significant efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth across various in vivo glioma models, encompassing transgenic and primary patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. We further performed a genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) knockout screen to determine the druggable target of GA-amide. By the combination of the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), the drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) approach, molecular docking simulation and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis, WD repeat domain 1 (WDR1) was identified as the direct binding target of GA-amide. Through direct interaction with WDR1, GA-amide promoted the formation of a complex involving WDR1, MYH9 and Cofilin, which accelerate the depolymerization of F-actin to inhibit the invasion of patient-derived glioma cells (PDCs) and induce PDC apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, our study not only identified GA-amide as an effective and safe agent for treating glioma but also shed light on the underlying mechanisms of GA-amide from the perspective of cytoskeletal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaorong Qu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Bojun Qiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixing Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiang Guan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Qin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Sui
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Boyang Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Beijing, China.
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Jeon HM, Shin YJ, Lee J, Chang N, Woo DH, Lee WJ, Nguyen D, Kang W, Cho HJ, Yang H, Lee JK, Sa JK, Lee Y, Kim DG, Purow BW, Yoon Y, Nam DH, Lee J. The semaphorin 3A/neuropilin-1 pathway promotes clonogenic growth of glioblastoma via activation of TGF-β signaling. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167049. [PMID: 37788099 PMCID: PMC10721275 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal brain cancer with a dismal prognosis. Stem-like GBM cells (GSCs) are a major driver of GBM propagation and recurrence; thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms that promote GSCs may lead to effective therapeutic approaches. Through in vitro clonogenic growth-based assays, we determined mitogenic activities of the ligand molecules that are implicated in neural development. We have identified that semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), originally known as an axon guidance molecule in the CNS, promotes clonogenic growth of GBM cells but not normal neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Mechanistically, Sema3A binds to its receptor neuropilin-1 (NRP1) and facilitates an interaction between NRP1 and TGF-β receptor 1 (TGF-βR1), which in turn leads to activation of canonical TGF-β signaling in both GSCs and NPCs. TGF-β signaling enhances self-renewal and survival of GBM tumors through induction of key stem cell factors, but it evokes cytostatic responses in NPCs. Blockage of the Sema3A/NRP1 axis via shRNA-mediated knockdown of Sema3A or NRP1 impeded clonogenic growth and TGF-β pathway activity in GSCs and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, these findings suggest that the Sema3A/NRP1/TGF-βR1 signaling axis is a critical regulator of GSC propagation and a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Min Jeon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yong Jae Shin
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaehyun Lee
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nakho Chang
- Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Woo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Won Jun Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Dayna Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wonyoung Kang
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Convergence Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Heekyoung Yang
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Ku Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jason K. Sa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeri Lee
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Geon Kim
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Benjamin W. Purow
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Yeup Yoon
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongwu Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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8
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Lemarié A, Lubrano V, Delmas C, Lusque A, Cerapio JP, Perrier M, Siegfried A, Arnauduc F, Nicaise Y, Dahan P, Filleron T, Mounier M, Toulas C, Cohen-Jonathan Moyal E. The STEMRI trial: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging can define tumor areas enriched in glioblastoma stem-like cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi0114. [PMID: 37922359 PMCID: PMC10624352 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite maximally safe resection of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-defined contrast-enhanced (CE) central tumor area and chemoradiotherapy, most patients with glioblastoma (GBM) relapse within a year in peritumoral FLAIR regions. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) can discriminate metabolic tumor areas with higher recurrence potential as CNI+ regions (choline/N-acetyl-aspartate index >2) can predict relapse sites. As relapses are mainly imputed to glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs), CNI+ areas might be GSC enriched. In this prospective trial, 16 patients with GBM underwent MRSI/MRI before surgery/chemoradiotherapy to investigate GSC content in CNI-/+ biopsies from CE/FLAIR. Biopsy and derived-GSC characterization revealed a FLAIR/CNI+ sample enrichment in GSC and in gene signatures related to stemness, DNA repair, adhesion/migration, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. FLAIR/CNI+ samples generate GSC-enriched neurospheres faster than FLAIR/CNI-. Parameters assessing biopsy GSC content and time-to-neurosphere formation in FLAIR/CNI+ were associated with worse patient outcome. Preoperative MRI/MRSI would certainly allow better resection and targeting of FLAIR/CNI+ areas, as their GSC enrichment can predict worse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Lemarié
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- UFR Santé, Université de Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Lubrano
- TONIC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier, Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center, Toulouse, France
- CHU de Toulouse, Neurosurgery Department, Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Delmas
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Interface Department, Toulouse, France
| | - Amélie Lusque
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Biostatistics and Health Data Science Unit, Toulouse, France
| | - Juan-Pablo Cerapio
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Perrier
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurore Siegfried
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- CHU de Toulouse, Anatomopathology Department, Toulouse, France
| | - Florent Arnauduc
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- UFR Santé, Université de Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Yvan Nicaise
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- UFR Santé, Université de Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Perrine Dahan
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Filleron
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Biostatistics and Health Data Science Unit, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Mounier
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Clinical Trials Office, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Toulas
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Cancer Biology Department, Molecular Oncology Division, Toulouse, France
| | - Elizabeth Cohen-Jonathan Moyal
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- UFR Santé, Université de Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Radiation Oncology Department, Toulouse, France
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9
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Srivastava R, Dodda M, Zou H, Li X, Hu B. Tumor Niches: Perspectives for Targeted Therapies in Glioblastoma. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:904-922. [PMID: 37166370 PMCID: PMC10654996 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and lethal primary brain tumor with a median survival rate of only 15 months and a 5-year survival rate of only 6.8%, remains largely incurable despite the intensive multimodal treatment of surgical resection and radiochemotherapy. Developing effective new therapies is an unmet need for patients with GBM. Recent Advances: Targeted therapies, such as antiangiogenesis therapy and immunotherapy, show great promise in treating GBM based upon increasing knowledge about brain tumor biology. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the plasticity, heterogeneity, and dynamics of tumor cells during GBM development and progression. Critical Issues: While antiangiogenesis therapy and immunotherapy have been highly effective in some types of cancer, the disappointing results from clinical trials represent continued challenges in applying these treatments to GBM. Molecular and cellular heterogeneity of GBM is developed temporally and spatially, which profoundly contributes to therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Future Directions: Deciphering mechanisms of tumor heterogeneity and mapping tumor niche trajectories and functions will provide a foundation for the development of more effective therapies for GBM patients. In this review, we discuss five different tumor niches and the intercellular and intracellular communications among these niches, including the perivascular, hypoxic, invasive, immunosuppressive, and glioma-stem cell niches. We also highlight the cellular and molecular biology of these niches and discuss potential strategies to target these tumor niches for GBM therapy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 904-922.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Srivastava
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meghana Dodda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Han Zou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Changsha, China
| | - Baoli Hu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Visioli A, Trivieri N, Mencarelli G, Giani F, Copetti M, Palumbo O, Pracella R, Cariglia MG, Barile C, Mischitelli L, Soriano AA, Palumbo P, Legnani F, DiMeco F, Gorgoglione L, Pesole G, Vescovi AL, Binda E. Different states of stemness of glioblastoma stem cells sustain glioblastoma subtypes indicating novel clinical biomarkers and high-efficacy customized therapies. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:244. [PMID: 37735434 PMCID: PMC10512479 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant among gliomas with an inevitable lethal outcome. The elucidation of the physiology and regulation of this tumor is mandatory to unravel novel target and effective therapeutics. Emerging concepts show that the minor subset of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) accounts for tumorigenicity, representing the true target for innovative therapies in GBM. METHODS Here, we isolated and established functionally stable and steadily expanding GSCs lines from a large cohort of GBM patients. The molecular, functional and antigenic landscape of GBM tissues and their derivative GSCs was highlited in a side-by-side comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic characterization by ANOVA and Fisher's exact tests. GSCs' physio-pathological hallmarks were delineated by comparing over time in vitro and in vivo their expansion, self-renewal and tumorigenic ability with hierarchical linear models for repeated measurements and Kaplan-Meier method. Candidate biomarkers performance in discriminating GBM patients' classification emerged by classification tree and patients' survival analysis. RESULTS Here, distinct biomarker signatures together with aberrant functional programs were shown to stratify GBM patients as well as their sibling GSCs population into TCGA clusters. Of importance, GSCs cells were demonstrated to fully resemble over time the molecular features of their patient of origin. Furthermore, we pointed out the existence of distinct GSCs subsets within GBM classification, inherently endowed with different self-renewal and tumorigenic potential. Particularly, classical GSCs were identified by more undifferentiated biological hallmarks, enhanced expansion and clonal capacity as compared to the more mature, relatively slow-propagating mesenchymal and proneural cells, likely endowed with a higher potential for infiltration either ex vivo or in vivo. Importantly, the combination of DCX and EGFR markers, selectively enriched among GSCs pools, almost exactly predicted GBM patients' clusters together with their survival and drug response. CONCLUSIONS In this study we report that an inherent enrichment of distinct GSCs pools underpin the functional inter-cluster variances displayed by GBM patients. We uncover two selectively represented novel functional biomarkers capable of discriminating GBM patients' stratification, survival and drug response, setting the stage for the determination of patient-tailored diagnostic and prognostic strategies and, mostly, for the design of appropriate, patient-selective treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Trivieri
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Gandino Mencarelli
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Biostatistical Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Orazio Palumbo
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pracella
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cariglia
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Chiara Barile
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Luigi Mischitelli
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Amata Amy Soriano
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Pietro Palumbo
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Federico Legnani
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neurologic Institute IRCCS C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco DiMeco
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neurologic Institute IRCCS C. Besta, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurosurgery, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Mariland, USA
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Graziano Pesole
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari A. Moro, Bari, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo L Vescovi
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
- Hyperstem SA, Lugano, Switzerland.
| | - Elena Binda
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
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11
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De Bacco F, Orzan F, Crisafulli G, Prelli M, Isella C, Casanova E, Albano R, Reato G, Erriquez J, D'Ambrosio A, Panero M, Dall'Aglio C, Casorzo L, Cominelli M, Pagani F, Melcarne A, Zeppa P, Altieri R, Morra I, Cassoni P, Garbossa D, Cassisa A, Bartolini A, Pellegatta S, Comoglio PM, Finocchiaro G, Poliani PL, Boccaccio C. Coexisting cancer stem cells with heterogeneous gene amplifications, transcriptional profiles, and malignancy are isolated from single glioblastomas. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112816. [PMID: 37505981 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is known as an intractable, highly heterogeneous tumor encompassing multiple subclones, each supported by a distinct glioblastoma stem cell (GSC). The contribution of GSC genetic and transcriptional heterogeneity to tumor subclonal properties is debated. In this study, we describe the systematic derivation, propagation, and characterization of multiple distinct GSCs from single, treatment-naive GBMs (GSC families). The tumorigenic potential of each GSC better correlates with its transcriptional profile than its genetic make-up, with classical GSCs being inherently more aggressive and mesenchymal more dependent on exogenous growth factors across multiple GBMs. These GSCs can segregate and recapitulate different histopathological aspects of the same GBM, as shown in a paradigmatic tumor with two histopathologically distinct components, including a conventional GBM and a more aggressive primitive neuronal component. This study provides a resource for investigating how GSCs with distinct genetic and/or phenotypic features contribute to individual GBM heterogeneity and malignant escalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Bacco
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Francesca Orzan
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | | | - Marta Prelli
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Claudio Isella
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; Laboratory of Oncogenomics, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Elena Casanova
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Raffaella Albano
- Core Facilities, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Gigliola Reato
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Jessica Erriquez
- Core Facilities, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Ambrosio
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Mara Panero
- Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Carmine Dall'Aglio
- Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Laura Casorzo
- Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Manuela Cominelli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagani
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Melcarne
- Neurosurgery Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Zeppa
- Neurosurgery Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Altieri
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Isabella Morra
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Diego Garbossa
- Neurosurgery Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Cassisa
- Laboratory of Oncogenomics, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Alice Bartolini
- Core Facilities, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Serena Pellegatta
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Brain Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo M Comoglio
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Pietro L Poliani
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Carla Boccaccio
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10060 Candiolo, Italy.
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12
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Castillo SP, Galvez-Cancino F, Liu J, Pollard SM, Quezada SA, Yuan Y. The tumour ecology of quiescence: Niches across scales of complexity. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:139-149. [PMID: 37037400 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Quiescence is a state of cell cycle arrest, allowing cancer cells to evade anti-proliferative cancer therapies. Quiescent cancer stem cells are thought to be responsible for treatment resistance in glioblastoma, an aggressive brain cancer with poor patient outcomes. However, the regulation of quiescence in glioblastoma cells involves a myriad of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that are not fully understood. In this review, we synthesise the literature on quiescence regulatory mechanisms in the context of glioblastoma and propose an ecological perspective to stemness-like phenotypes anchored to the contemporary concepts of niche theory. From this perspective, the cell cycle regulation is multiscale and multidimensional, where the niche dimensions extend to extrinsic variables in the tumour microenvironment that shape cell fate. Within this conceptual framework and powered by ecological niche modelling, the discovery of microenvironmental variables related to hypoxia and mechanosignalling that modulate proliferative plasticity and intratumor immune activity may open new avenues for therapeutic targeting of emerging biological vulnerabilities in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Castillo
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer & Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Felipe Galvez-Cancino
- Immune Regulation and Tumor Immunotherapy Group, Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Jiali Liu
- Immune Regulation and Tumor Immunotherapy Group, Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Steven M Pollard
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Immune Regulation and Tumor Immunotherapy Group, Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Yinyin Yuan
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer & Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK.
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13
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Bhargav AG, Domino JS, Alvarado AM, Tuchek CA, Akhavan D, Camarata PJ. Advances in computational and translational approaches for malignant glioma. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1219291. [PMID: 37405133 PMCID: PMC10315500 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1219291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults and carry a dismal prognosis for patients. Current standard-of-care for gliomas is comprised of maximal safe surgical resection following by a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy depending on the grade and type of tumor. Despite decades of research efforts directed towards identifying effective therapies, curative treatments have been largely elusive in the majority of cases. The development and refinement of novel methodologies over recent years that integrate computational techniques with translational paradigms have begun to shed light on features of glioma, previously difficult to study. These methodologies have enabled a number of point-of-care approaches that can provide real-time, patient-specific and tumor-specific diagnostics that may guide the selection and development of therapies including decision-making surrounding surgical resection. Novel methodologies have also demonstrated utility in characterizing glioma-brain network dynamics and in turn early investigations into glioma plasticity and influence on surgical planning at a systems level. Similarly, application of such techniques in the laboratory setting have enhanced the ability to accurately model glioma disease processes and interrogate mechanisms of resistance to therapy. In this review, we highlight representative trends in the integration of computational methodologies including artificial intelligence and modeling with translational approaches in the study and treatment of malignant gliomas both at the point-of-care and outside the operative theater in silico as well as in the laboratory setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adip G. Bhargav
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Joseph S. Domino
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Anthony M. Alvarado
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chad A. Tuchek
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - David Akhavan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Paul J. Camarata
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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14
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Nakhle J, Khattar K, Özkan T, Boughlita A, Abba Moussa D, Darlix A, Lorcy F, Rigau V, Bauchet L, Gerbal-Chaloin S, Daujat-Chavanieu M, Bellvert F, Turchi L, Virolle T, Hugnot JP, Buisine N, Galloni M, Dardalhon V, Rodriguez AM, Vignais ML. Mitochondria Transfer from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Confers Chemoresistance to Glioblastoma Stem Cells through Metabolic Rewiring. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1041-1056. [PMID: 37377608 PMCID: PMC10266428 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are heterogeneous tumors with high metabolic plasticity. Their poor prognosis is linked to the presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSC), which support resistance to therapy, notably to temozolomide (TMZ). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) recruitment to GBM contributes to GSC chemoresistance, by mechanisms still poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that MSCs transfer mitochondria to GSCs through tunneling nanotubes, which enhances GSCs resistance to TMZ. More precisely, our metabolomics analyses reveal that MSC mitochondria induce GSCs metabolic reprograming, with a nutrient shift from glucose to glutamine, a rewiring of the tricarboxylic acid cycle from glutaminolysis to reductive carboxylation and increase in orotate turnover as well as in pyrimidine and purine synthesis. Metabolomics analysis of GBM patient tissues at relapse after TMZ treatment documents increased concentrations of AMP, CMP, GMP, and UMP nucleotides and thus corroborate our in vitro analyses. Finally, we provide a mechanism whereby mitochondrial transfer from MSCs to GSCs contributes to GBM resistance to TMZ therapy, by demonstrating that inhibition of orotate production by Brequinar (BRQ) restores TMZ sensitivity in GSCs with acquired mitochondria. Altogether, these results identify a mechanism for GBM resistance to TMZ and reveal a metabolic dependency of chemoresistant GBM following the acquisition of exogenous mitochondria, which opens therapeutic perspectives based on synthetic lethality between TMZ and BRQ. Significance Mitochondria acquired from MSCs enhance the chemoresistance of GBMs. The discovery that they also generate metabolic vulnerability in GSCs paves the way for novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Nakhle
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- RESTORE Research Center, University of Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Khattar Khattar
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Tülin Özkan
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adel Boughlita
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Daouda Abba Moussa
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Amélie Darlix
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédérique Lorcy
- Department of Pathology and Oncobiology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
- The Center of the Biological Resource Center of University Hospital Center of Montpellier (BRC), Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Rigau
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Pathology and Oncobiology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
- The Center of the Biological Resource Center of University Hospital Center of Montpellier (BRC), Montpellier, France
| | - Luc Bauchet
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hopital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Sabine Gerbal-Chaloin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Martine Daujat-Chavanieu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Floriant Bellvert
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, University of Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Turchi
- Université Côte D'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Team INSERM, “Cancer Stem Cell Plasticity and Functional Intra-tumor Heterogeneity”, Nice, France
| | - Thierry Virolle
- Université Côte D'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Team INSERM, “Cancer Stem Cell Plasticity and Functional Intra-tumor Heterogeneity”, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Hugnot
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Buisine
- UMR7221 Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Mireille Galloni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Dardalhon
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Marie Rodriguez
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Luce Vignais
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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15
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Qi D, Li J, Quarles CC, Fonkem E, Wu E. Assessment and prediction of glioblastoma therapy response: challenges and opportunities. Brain 2023; 146:1281-1298. [PMID: 36445396 PMCID: PMC10319779 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive type of primary adult brain tumour. The median survival of patients with glioblastoma remains approximately 15 months, and the 5-year survival rate is <10%. Current treatment options are limited, and the standard of care has remained relatively constant since 2011. Over the last decade, a range of different treatment regimens have been investigated with very limited success. Tumour recurrence is almost inevitable with the current treatment strategies, as glioblastoma tumours are highly heterogeneous and invasive. Additionally, another challenging issue facing patients with glioblastoma is how to distinguish between tumour progression and treatment effects, especially when relying on routine diagnostic imaging techniques in the clinic. The specificity of routine imaging for identifying tumour progression early or in a timely manner is poor due to the appearance similarity of post-treatment effects. Here, we concisely describe the current status and challenges in the assessment and early prediction of therapy response and the early detection of tumour progression or recurrence. We also summarize and discuss studies of advanced approaches such as quantitative imaging, liquid biomarker discovery and machine intelligence that hold exceptional potential to aid in the therapy monitoring of this malignancy and early prediction of therapy response, which may decisively transform the conventional detection methods in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX 76502, USA
| | - Jing Li
- School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - C Chad Quarles
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Ekokobe Fonkem
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX 76502, USA
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX 76502, USA
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Oncology and LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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16
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Li X, Chen G, Liu B, Tao Z, Wu Y, Zhang K, Feng Z, Huang Y, Wang H. PLK1 inhibition promotes apoptosis and DNA damage in glioma stem cells by regulating the nuclear translocation of YBX1. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:68. [PMID: 36805592 PMCID: PMC9938146 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are the important cause of tumorigenesis, recurrence, and chemo(radio)resistance in glioma. Targeting GSCs helps improve the outcomes of glioma treatment. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family, which is highly conserved. In recent years, it has been suggested that increased levels of PLK1 and its activity are associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. We aimed to identify whether PLK1 plays a critical role in stemness maintenance and apoptosis regulation in GSCs. Here we identify that PLK1 inhibition can induce apoptosis and DNA damage of GSCs, we have also delineat the possible underlying molecular mechanisms: PLK1 interacts with YBX1 and directly phosphorylates serine 174 and serine 176 of YBX1. Inhibition of PLK1 reduces the phosphorylation level of YBX1, and decreased phosphorylation of YBX1 prevents its nuclear translocation, thereby inducing apoptosis and DNA damage of GSCs. We confirmed that YBX1 knockdown resulted in the apoptosis and DNA damage of GSCs. These findings uncover that PLK1 inhibition induces cell apoptosis and DNA damage in GSCs through YBX1 phosphorylation, providing new insights into the mechanism by which PLK1 inhibition contributes to the apoptosis of and DNA damage in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Li
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Neurosurgery, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Guangliang Chen
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Bin Liu
- grid.469564.cDepartment of Neurosurgery, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007 China
| | - Zhennan Tao
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Kai Zhang
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Zibin Feng
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Yulun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Mitchell K, Sprowls SA, Arora S, Shakya S, Silver DJ, Goins CM, Wallace L, Roversi G, Schafer RE, Kay K, Miller TE, Lauko A, Bassett J, Kashyap A, D'Amato Kass J, Mulkearns-Hubert EE, Johnson S, Alvarado J, Rich JN, Holland EC, Paddison PJ, Patel AP, Stauffer SR, Hubert CG, Lathia JD. WDR5 represents a therapeutically exploitable target for cancer stem cells in glioblastoma. Genes Dev 2023; 37:86-102. [PMID: 36732025 PMCID: PMC10069451 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349803.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are heterogeneous, treatment-resistant tumors driven by populations of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, few molecular mechanisms critical for CSC population maintenance have been exploited for therapeutic development. We developed a spatially resolved loss-of-function screen in GBM patient-derived organoids to identify essential epigenetic regulators in the SOX2-enriched, therapy-resistant niche and identified WDR5 as indispensable for this population. WDR5 is a component of the WRAD complex, which promotes SET1 family-mediated Lys4 methylation of histone H3 (H3K4me), associated with positive regulation of transcription. In GBM CSCs, WDR5 inhibitors blocked WRAD complex assembly and reduced H3K4 trimethylation and expression of genes involved in CSC-relevant oncogenic pathways. H3K4me3 peaks lost with WDR5 inhibitor treatment occurred disproportionally on POU transcription factor motifs, including the POU5F1(OCT4)::SOX2 motif. Use of a SOX2/OCT4 reporter demonstrated that WDR5 inhibitor treatment diminished cells with high reporter activity. Furthermore, WDR5 inhibitor treatment and WDR5 knockdown altered the stem cell state, disrupting CSC in vitro growth and self-renewal, as well as in vivo tumor growth. These findings highlight the role of WDR5 and the WRAD complex in maintaining the CSC state and provide a rationale for therapeutic development of WDR5 inhibitors for GBM and other advanced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Mitchell
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Samuel A Sprowls
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Sonali Arora
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Sajina Shakya
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Daniel J Silver
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Christopher M Goins
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA;
| | - Lisa Wallace
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Gustavo Roversi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Rachel E Schafer
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Kristen Kay
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Tyler E Miller
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Adam Lauko
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - John Bassett
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Anjali Kashyap
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Jonathan D'Amato Kass
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Erin E Mulkearns-Hubert
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Sadie Johnson
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Joseph Alvarado
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Eric C Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Patrick J Paddison
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Anoop P Patel
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Christopher G Hubert
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA;
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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18
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Wang W, Wu F, Mohammadniaei M, Zhang M, Li Y, Sun Y, Tang BZ. Genetically edited T-cell membrane coated AIEgen nanoparticles effectively prevents glioblastoma recurrence. Biomaterials 2023; 293:121981. [PMID: 36580721 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are subpopulations of tumor-initiating cells responsible for glioblastoma (GBM) tumorigenesis and recurrence. Dual inhibition of vascular endothelium and GSCs is still a challenge due to their different pathological features. Here we present a combined all-in-control strategy to realize a local photothermal therapy (PTT). We designed T-cell-mimic nanoparticles with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics by coating the genetically engineered T cell membrane (CM) onto AIE nanoparticles (CM@AIE NPs). The CM shell was designed against CD133 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which provides the possibility to target both GBM cells and GSCs for cancer therapy. CM@AIE NPs can serve as the tight junction (TJ) modulators to trigger an intracellular signaling cascade, causing TJ disruption and actin cytoskeleton reorganization to allow CM@AIE NPs to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) silently. The 980 nm excitation-triggered PTT can completely inhibit tumorigenesis and recurrence. The combination of CM-coating nanotechnology and genetic editing technique can inspire further development of synergetic techniques for preventing GBM recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wang
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Mohsen Mohammadniaei
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China.
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19
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EZH2 interacts with HP1BP3 to epigenetically activate WNT7B that promotes temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma. Oncogene 2023; 42:461-470. [PMID: 36517590 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02570-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor in adults and harbors a subpopulation of glioma stem cells (GSCs). Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone lysine methyltransferase, deeply involves in the stemness maintenance of GSC. However, the precise mechanism and therapeutic potential remain elusive. We postulated that the interactome of EZH2 in GSC is unique. Therefore, we performed proteomic and transcriptomic research to unveil the oncogenic mechanism of EZH2. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were used to identify proteins that co-precipitate with EZH2. We show that EZH2 binds to heterochromatin protein 1 binding protein 3 (HP1BP3) in GSCs and impairs the methylation of H3K9. Overexpression of HP1BP3 enhances the proliferation, self-renewal and temozolomide (TMZ) resistance of GBM cells. Furthermore, EZH2 and HP1BP3 co-activate WNT7B expression thereby increasing TMZ resistance and stemness of GBM cells. Importantly, inhibition of WNT7B autocrine via LGK974 effectively reverses the TMZ resistance. Our work clarifies a new oncogenic mechanism of EZH2 by which it interacts with HP1BP3 and epigenetically activates WNT7B thereby promoting TMZ resistance in GSCs. Our results provide a rationale for targeting WNT/β-catenin pathway as a promising strategy to overcome TMZ resistance in GSCs.
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20
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Nasrolahi A, Azizidoost S, Radoszkiewicz K, Najafi S, Ghaedrahmati F, Anbiyaee O, Khoshnam SE, Farzaneh M, Uddin S. Signaling pathways governing glioma cancer stem cells behavior. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110493. [PMID: 36228964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor that develops in the glial tissue. Several studies have identified that glioma cancer stem cells (GCSCs) play important roles in tumor-initiating features in malignant gliomas. GCSCs are a small population in the brain that presents an essential role in the metastasis of glioma cells to other organs. These cells can self-renew and differentiate, which are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of glioma. Therefore, targeting GCSCs might be a novel strategy for the treatment of glioma. Accumulating evidence revealed that several signaling pathways, including Notch, TGF-β, Wnt, STAT3, AKT, and EGFR mediated GCSC growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Besides, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including miRNAs, circular RNAs, and long ncRNAs have been found to play pivotal roles in the regulation of GCSC pathogenesis and drug resistance. Therefore, targeting these pathways could open a new avenue for glioma management. In this review, we summarized critical signaling pathways involved in the stimulation or prevention of GCSCs tumorigenesis and invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Nasrolahi
- Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shirin Azizidoost
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Klaudia Radoszkiewicz
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
| | - Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Anbiyaee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Nemazi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
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21
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Weth FR, Peng L, Paterson E, Tan ST, Gray C. Utility of the Cerebral Organoid Glioma 'GLICO' Model for Screening Applications. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010153. [PMID: 36611949 PMCID: PMC9818141 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a grade IV astrocytoma, is regarded as the most aggressive primary brain tumour with an overall median survival of 16.0 months following the standard treatment regimen of surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide. Despite such intensive treatment, the tumour almost invariably recurs. This poor prognosis has most commonly been attributed to the initiation, propagation, and differentiation of cancer stem cells. Despite the unprecedented advances in biomedical research over the last decade, the current in vitro models are limited at preserving the inter- and intra-tumoural heterogeneity of primary tumours. The ability to understand and manipulate complex cancers such as glioblastoma requires disease models to be clinically and translationally relevant and encompass the cellular heterogeneity of such cancers. Therefore, brain cancer research models need to aim to recapitulate glioblastoma stem cell function, whilst remaining amenable for analysis. Fortunately, the recent development of 3D cultures has overcome some of these challenges, and cerebral organoids are emerging as cutting-edge tools in glioblastoma research. The opportunity to generate cerebral organoids via induced pluripotent stem cells, and to perform co-cultures with patient-derived cancer stem cells (GLICO model), has enabled the analysis of cancer development in a context that better mimics brain tissue architecture. In this article, we review the recent literature on the use of patient-derived glioblastoma organoid models and their applicability for drug screening, as well as provide a potential workflow for screening using the GLICO model. The proposed workflow is practical for use in most laboratories with accessible materials and equipment, a good first pass, and no animal work required. This workflow is also amenable for analysis, with separate measures of invasion, growth, and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya R. Weth
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, 7 Hospital Road, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Lifeng Peng
- Centre for Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Erin Paterson
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, 7 Hospital Road, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Swee T. Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, 7 Hospital Road, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
- Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial & Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Clint Gray
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, 7 Hospital Road, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
- Correspondence:
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22
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Aporphine and isoquinoline derivatives block glioblastoma cell stemness and enhance temozolomide cytotoxicity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21113. [PMID: 36477472 PMCID: PMC9729571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common primary malignant brain tumor with limited available therapeutic approaches. Despite improvements in therapeutic options for GBM patients, efforts to develop new successful strategies remain as major unmet medical needs. Based on the cytotoxic properties of aporphine compounds, we evaluated the biological effect of 12 compounds obtained through total synthesis of ( ±)-apomorphine hydrochloride (APO) against GBM cells. The compounds 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(1-methylene-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)ethenone (A5) and ( ±)-1-(10,11-dimethoxy-6a,7-dihydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinolin-6(5H)-yl)ethenone (C1) reduced the viability of GBM cells, with 50% inhibitory concentration ranging from 18 to 48 μM in patient-derived GBM cultures. Our data show that APO, A5 or C1 modulate the expression of DNA damage and apoptotic markers, impair 3D-gliomasphere growth and reduce the expression of stemness markers. Potential activity and protein targets of A5, C1 or APO were predicted in silico based on PASS and SEA software. Dopamine receptors (DRD1 and 5), CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and ABCB1, whose transcripts were differentially expressed in the GBM cells, were among the potential A5 or C1 target proteins. Docking analyses (HQSAR and 3D-QSAR) were performed to characterize possible interactions of ABCB1 and CYP2C9 with the compounds. Notably, A5 or C1 treatment, but not temozolomide (TMZ), reduced significantly the levels of extracellular ATP, suggesting ABCB1 negative regulation, which was correlated with stronger cytotoxicity induced by the combination of TMZ with A5 or C1 on GBM cells. Hence, our data reveal a potential therapeutic application of A5 and C1 as cytotoxic agents against GBM cells and predicted molecular networks that can be further exploited to characterize the pharmacological effects of these isoquinoline-containing substances.
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23
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Wang W, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Mohammadniaei M, Shen J, Sun Y. Brain-targeted antigen-generating nanoparticles improve glioblastoma prognosis. J Control Release 2022; 352:399-410. [PMID: 36309097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The exploration of multifunctional nanomedicine has prompted interest in improving glioblastoma (GBM) prognosis. In this study, we constructed tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive magnetic therapeutic nanoparticles (BK@MTNPs) as a multifunctional drug delivery platform. It contains the following components. [Des-arg(Sheets et al., 2020 [9])]bradykinin (BK), which contributes to the transient opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and targeting of GBM cells; nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated in MTNPs, which act as an in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging agent; crizotinib, which is an inhibitor of protein kinase c-Met; and the immune drug anti-PDL1 antibody. These components were loaded into BK@MTNPs for complete tumoricidal effects. Abundant glutathione in the TME can promote BK@MTNP degradation by interrupting the disulfide bonds between cysteine residues. Such BK@MTNPs support a synergistic tumoricidal effect by inducing DNA damage, activating the transcription of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN, inhibiting glioblastoma stem cell function, activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages. BK@MTNPs showed a significant increase in antitumor activity compared with free drugs in vitro. Furthermore, in mice bearing orthotopic GBM, treatment with BK@MTNPs resulted in marked tumor inhibition and greatly extended survival time with minimal side effects. This study demonstrates the advantages of chemo-immunotherapeutic NPs accumulated in the GBM area and their effective inhibition of GBM growth, thus establishing a delivery platform to promote antitumor immunity against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wang
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Qicheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Mohsen Mohammadniaei
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Jian Shen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
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24
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Silver A, Feier D, Ghosh T, Rahman M, Huang J, Sarkisian MR, Deleyrolle LP. Heterogeneity of glioblastoma stem cells in the context of the immune microenvironment and geospatial organization. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1022716. [PMID: 36338705 PMCID: PMC9628999 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1022716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely aggressive and incurable primary brain tumor with a 10-year survival of just 0.71%. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to seed GBM's inevitable recurrence by evading standard of care treatment, which combines surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, contributing to this grim prognosis. Effective targeting of CSCs could result in insights into GBM treatment resistance and development of novel treatment paradigms. There is a major ongoing effort to characterize CSCs, understand their interactions with the tumor microenvironment, and identify ways to eliminate them. This review discusses the diversity of CSC lineages present in GBM and how this glioma stem cell (GSC) mosaicism drives global intratumoral heterogeneity constituted by complex and spatially distinct local microenvironments. We review how a tumor's diverse CSC populations orchestrate and interact with the environment, especially the immune landscape. We also discuss how to map this intricate GBM ecosystem through the lens of metabolism and immunology to find vulnerabilities and new ways to disrupt the equilibrium of the system to achieve improved disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryeh Silver
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Diana Feier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tanya Ghosh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Maryam Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jianping Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Matthew R. Sarkisian
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Loic P. Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,*Correspondence: Loic P. Deleyrolle,
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25
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Cordell EC, Alghamri MS, Castro MG, Gutmann DH. T lymphocytes as dynamic regulators of glioma pathobiology. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1647-1657. [PMID: 35325210 PMCID: PMC9527522 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain tumor microenvironment contains numerous distinct types of nonneoplastic cells, which each serve a diverse set of roles relevant to the formation, maintenance, and progression of these central nervous system cancers. While varying in frequencies, monocytes (macrophages, microglia, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells), dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and T lymphocytes represent the most common nonneoplastic cellular constituents in low- and high-grade gliomas (astrocytomas). Although T cells are conventionally thought to target and eliminate neoplastic cells, T cells also exist in other states, characterized by tolerance, ignorance, anergy, and exhaustion. In addition, T cells can function as drivers of brain cancer growth, especially in low-grade gliomas. Since T cells originate in the blood and bone marrow sinuses, their capacity to function as both positive and negative regulators of glioma growth has ignited renewed interest in their deployment as immunotherapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss the roles of T cells in low- and high-grade glioma formation and progression, as well as the potential uses of modified T lymphocytes for brain cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria G Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David H Gutmann
- Corresponding Author: David H. Gutmann, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA ()
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26
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Lauko A, Volovetz J, Turaga SM, Bayik D, Silver DJ, Mitchell K, Mulkearns-Hubert EE, Watson DC, Desai K, Midha M, Hao J, McCortney K, Steffens A, Naik U, Ahluwalia MS, Bao S, Horbinski C, Yu JS, Lathia JD. SerpinB3 drives cancer stem cell survival in glioblastoma. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111348. [PMID: 36103817 PMCID: PMC9513382 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite therapeutic interventions for glioblastoma (GBM), cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive recurrence. The precise mechanisms underlying CSC resistance, namely inhibition of cell death, are unclear. We built on previous observations that the high cell surface expression of junctional adhesion molecule-A drives CSC maintenance and identified downstream signaling networks, including the cysteine protease inhibitor SerpinB3. Using genetic depletion approaches, we found that SerpinB3 is necessary for CSC maintenance, survival, and tumor growth, as well as CSC pathway activation. Knockdown of SerpinB3 also increased apoptosis and susceptibility to radiation therapy. SerpinB3 was essential to buffer cathepsin L-mediated cell death, which was enhanced with radiation. Finally, we found that SerpinB3 knockdown increased the efficacy of radiation in pre-clinical models. Taken together, our findings identify a GBM CSC-specific survival mechanism involving a cysteine protease inhibitor, SerpinB3, and provide a potential target to improve the efficacy of GBM therapies against therapeutically resistant CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lauko
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Josephine Volovetz
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Soumya M Turaga
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Defne Bayik
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Daniel J Silver
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kelly Mitchell
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Erin E Mulkearns-Hubert
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Dionysios C Watson
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kiran Desai
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Manav Midha
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jing Hao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kathleen McCortney
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alicia Steffens
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ulhas Naik
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | - Shideng Bao
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yu
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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27
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Gimple RC, Yang K, Halbert ME, Agnihotri S, Rich JN. Brain cancer stem cells: resilience through adaptive plasticity and hierarchical heterogeneity. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:497-514. [PMID: 35710946 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant brain tumours are complex ecosystems containing neoplastic and stromal components that generate adaptive and evolutionarily driven aberrant tissues in the central nervous system. Brain cancers are cultivated by a dynamic population of stem-like cells that enforce intratumoural heterogeneity and respond to intrinsic microenvironment or therapeutically guided insults through proliferation, plasticity and restructuring of neoplastic and stromal components. Far from a rigid hierarchy, heterogeneous neoplastic populations transition between cellular states with differential self-renewal capacities, endowing them with powerful resilience. Here we review the biological machinery used by brain tumour stem cells to commandeer tissues in the intracranial space, evade immune responses and resist chemoradiotherapy. Through recent advances in single-cell sequencing, improved models to investigate the role of the tumour microenvironment and a deeper understanding of the fundamental role of the immune system in cancer biology, we are now better equipped to explore mechanisms by which these processes can be exploited for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Gimple
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Matthew E Halbert
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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28
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Wang L, Yuan Y, Wang J, Luo Y, Lan Y, Ge J, Li L, Liu F, Deng Q, Yan Z, Liang M, Wei S, Liu X, Wang Y, Ping Y, Shi Y, Yu S, Zhang X, Cui Y, Yao X, Feng H, Luo T, Bian X. ASCL2 Maintains Stemness Phenotype through ATG9B and Sensitizes Gliomas to Autophagy Inhibitor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105938. [PMID: 35882624 PMCID: PMC9507388 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved process that is vital for tumor progression and treatment response. Although autophagy is proposed to maintain the stemness phenotype in adult diffuse glioma, the molecular basis of the link between autophagy and stemness is poorly understood, which makes it impossible to effectively screen for the population that will benefit from autophagy-targeted treatment. Here, ATG9B as essential for self-renewal capacity and tumor-propagation potential is identified. Notably, ASCL2 transcriptionally regulates the expression of ATG9B to maintain stemness properties. The ASCL2-ATG9B axis is an independent prognostic biomarker and indicator of autophagic activity. Furthermore, the highly effective blood-brain barrier (BBB)-permeable autophagy inhibitor ROC-325, which can significantly inhibit the progression of ASCL2-ATG9B axisHigh gliomas as a single agent is investigated. These data demonstrate that a new ASCL2-ATG9B signaling axis is crucial for maintaining the stemness phenotype and tumor progression, revealing a potential autophagy inhibition strategy for adult diffuse gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Hong Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Ying Luo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Yang Lan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Jia Ge
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Feng Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Qing Deng
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Ze‐Xuan Yan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Mei Liang
- Bio‐Bank of Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Sen Wei
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Xin‐Dong Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Yi‐Fang Ping
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Yu Shi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Shi‐Cang Yu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - You‐Hong Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Xiao‐Hong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of NeurosurgerySouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Tao Luo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Xiu‐Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
- Bio‐Bank of Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
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29
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Zhang T, Yuan L, Sheng M, Chen Y, Wang J, Lan Q. Identifying α-KG-dependent prognostic signature for lower-grade glioma based on transcriptome profiles. Front Oncol 2022; 12:840394. [PMID: 35965532 PMCID: PMC9363673 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.840394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG)-dependent dioxygenases is thought to contribute to isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation-derived malignancy. Herein, we aim to thoroughly investigate the expression pattern and prognostic significance of genes encoding α-KG-dependent enzymes for lower-grade glioma (LGG) patients. In this retrospective study, a total of 775 LGG patients were enrolled. The generalized linear model, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression, and nomogram were applied to identify the enzyme-based signature. With the use of gene set enrichment analysis and Gene Ontology, the probable molecular abnormalities underlying high-risk patients were investigated. By comprehensively analyzing mRNA data, we observed that 41 genes were differentially expressed between IDHMUT and IDHWT LGG patients. A risk signature comprising 10 genes, which could divide samples into high- and low-risk groups of distinct prognoses, was developed and independently validated. This enzyme-based signature was indicative of a more malignant phenotype. The nomogram model incorporating the risk signature, molecular biomarkers, and clinicopathological parameters proved the incremental utility of the α-KG-dependent signature by achieving a more accurate prediction impact. Our study demonstrates that the α-KG-dependent enzyme-encoding genes were differentially expressed in relation to the IDH phenotype and may serve as a promising indicator for clinical outcomes of LGG patients.
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30
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Lauko A, Lo A, Ahluwalia MS, Lathia JD. Cancer cell heterogeneity & plasticity in glioblastoma and brain tumors. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 82:162-175. [PMID: 33640445 PMCID: PMC9618157 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors remain one of the most difficult tumors to treat and, depending on the diagnosis, have a poor prognosis. Of brain tumors, glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant glioma and has a dismal prognosis, with only about 5% of patients alive five years after diagnosis. While advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies are rapidly improving outcomes in a variety of other cancers, the standard of care for GBM has largely remained unaltered since 2005. There are many well-studied challenges that are either unique to brain tumors (i.e., blood-brain barrier and immunosuppressive environment) or amplified within GBM (i.e., tumor heterogeneity at the cellular and molecular levels, plasticity, and cancer stem cells) that make this disease particularly difficult to treat. While we touch on all these concepts, the focus of this review is to discuss the immense inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity and advances in our understanding of tumor cell plasticity and epigenetics in GBM. With each improvement in technology, our understanding of the complexity of tumoral heterogeneity and plasticity improves and we gain more clarity on the causes underlying previous therapeutic failures. However, these advances are unlocking new therapeutic opportunities that scientists and physicians are currently exploiting and have the potential for new breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lauko
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Alice Lo
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Manmeet S Ahluwalia
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States; Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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31
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Huang W, Hao Z, Mao F, Guo D. Small Molecule Inhibitors in Adult High-Grade Glioma: From the Past to the Future. Front Oncol 2022; 12:911876. [PMID: 35785151 PMCID: PMC9247310 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.911876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant tumor in the brain and has a dismal prognosis despite patients accepting standard therapies. Alternation of genes and deregulation of proteins, such as receptor tyrosine kinase, PI3K/Akt, PKC, Ras/Raf/MEK, histone deacetylases, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), CDK4/6, branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1), and Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis and progression of glioma. Simultaneously, the abnormalities change the cellular biological behavior and microenvironment of tumor cells. The differences between tumor cells and normal tissue become the vulnerability of tumor, which can be taken advantage of using targeted therapies. Small molecule inhibitors, as an important part of modern treatment for cancers, have shown significant efficacy in hematologic cancers and some solid tumors. To date, in glioblastoma, there have been more than 200 clinical trials completed or ongoing in which trial designers used small molecules as monotherapy or combination regimens to correct the abnormalities. In this review, we summarize the dysfunctional molecular mechanisms and highlight the outcomes of relevant clinical trials associated with small-molecule targeted therapies. Based on the outcomes, the main findings were that small-molecule inhibitors did not bring more benefit to newly diagnosed glioblastoma, but the clinical studies involving progressive glioblastoma usually claimed “noninferiority” compared with historical results. However, as to the clinical inferiority trial, similar dosing regimens should be avoided in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaonian Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Dongsheng Guo, ; Feng Mao,
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Dongsheng Guo, ; Feng Mao,
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32
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Chen Z, Hu Y, Jin L, Yang F, Ding H, Zhang L, Li L, Pan T. The Emerging Role of N6-Methyladenosine RNA Methylation as Regulators in Cancer Therapy and Drug Resistance. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:873030. [PMID: 35462896 PMCID: PMC9022635 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.873030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation has been considered the most prevalent, abundant, and conserved internal transcriptional modification throughout the eukaryotic mRNAs. Typically, m6A RNA methylation is catalyzed by the RNA methyltransferases (writers), is removed by its demethylases (erasers), and interacts with m6A-binding proteins (readers). Accumulating evidence shows that abnormal changes in the m6A levels of these regulators are increasingly associated with human tumorigenesis and drug resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying m6A RNA methylation in tumor occurrence and development have not been comprehensively clarified. We reviewed the recent findings on biological regulation of m6A RNA methylation and summarized its potential therapeutic strategies in various human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Le Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Clinical Medical, The First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiwen Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Hematopathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Thyroid and Breast, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
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33
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Lee J, Troike K, Fodor R, Lathia JD. Unexplored Functions of Sex Hormones in Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac002. [PMID: 35023543 PMCID: PMC8807164 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological sex impacts a wide array of molecular and cellular functions that impact organismal development and can influence disease trajectory in a variety of pathophysiological states. In nonreproductive cancers, epidemiological sex differences have been observed in a series of tumors, and recent work has identified previously unappreciated sex differences in molecular genetics and immune response. However, the extent of these sex differences in terms of drivers of tumor growth and therapeutic response is less clear. In glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor, there is a male bias in incidence and outcome, and key genetic and epigenetic differences, as well as differences in immune response driven by immune-suppressive myeloid populations, have recently been revealed. GBM is a prototypic tumor in which cellular heterogeneity is driven by populations of therapeutically resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) that underlie tumor growth and recurrence. There is emerging evidence that GBM CSCs may show a sex difference, with male tumor cells showing enhanced self-renewal, but how sex differences impact CSC function is not clear. In this mini-review, we focus on how sex hormones may impact CSCs in GBM and implications for other cancers with a pronounced CSC population. We also explore opportunities to leverage new models to better understand the contribution of sex hormones vs sex chromosomes to CSC function. With the rising interest in sex differences in cancer, there is an immediate need to understand the extent to which sex differences impact tumor growth, including effects on CSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeun Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Katie Troike
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University
| | - R’ay Fodor
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center
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34
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Yang C, Tian G, Dajac M, Doty A, Wang S, Lee JH, Rahman M, Huang J, Reynolds BA, Sarkisian MR, Mitchell D, Deleyrolle LP. Slow-Cycling Cells in Glioblastoma: A Specific Population in the Cellular Mosaic of Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1126. [PMID: 35267434 PMCID: PMC8909138 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) exhibits populations of cells that drive tumorigenesis, treatment resistance, and disease progression. Cells with such properties have been described to express specific surface and intracellular markers or exhibit specific functional states, including being slow-cycling or quiescent with the ability to generate proliferative progenies. In GBM, each of these cellular fractions was shown to harbor cardinal features of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this study, we focus on the comparison of these cells and present evidence of great phenotypic and functional heterogeneity in brain cancer cell populations with stemness properties, especially between slow-cycling cells (SCCs) and cells phenotypically defined based on the expression of markers commonly used to enrich for CSCs. Here, we present an integrative analysis of the heterogeneity present in GBM cancer stem cell populations using a combination of approaches including flow cytometry, bulk RNA sequencing, and single cell transcriptomics completed with functional assays. We demonstrated that SCCs exhibit a diverse range of expression levels of canonical CSC markers. Importantly, the property of being slow-cycling and the expression of these markers were not mutually inclusive. We interrogated a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset and defined a group of cells as SCCs based on the highest score of a specific metabolic signature. Multiple CSC groups were determined based on the highest expression level of CD133, SOX2, PTPRZ1, ITGB8, or CD44. Each group, composed of 22 cells, showed limited cellular overlap, with SCCs representing a unique population with none of the 22 cells being included in the other groups. We also found transcriptomic distinctions between populations, which correlated with clinicopathological features of GBM. Patients with strong SCC signature score were associated with shorter survival and clustered within the mesenchymal molecular subtype. Cellular diversity amongst these populations was also demonstrated functionally, as illustrated by the heterogenous response to the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide. In conclusion, our study supports the cancer stem cell mosaicism model, with slow-cycling cells representing critical elements harboring key features of disseminating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.Y.); (G.T.); (M.D.); (M.R.); (J.H.); (B.A.R.); (D.M.)
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Guimei Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.Y.); (G.T.); (M.D.); (M.R.); (J.H.); (B.A.R.); (D.M.)
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Mariana Dajac
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.Y.); (G.T.); (M.D.); (M.R.); (J.H.); (B.A.R.); (D.M.)
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Andria Doty
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (S.W.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (S.W.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Maryam Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.Y.); (G.T.); (M.D.); (M.R.); (J.H.); (B.A.R.); (D.M.)
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Jianping Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.Y.); (G.T.); (M.D.); (M.R.); (J.H.); (B.A.R.); (D.M.)
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Brent A. Reynolds
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.Y.); (G.T.); (M.D.); (M.R.); (J.H.); (B.A.R.); (D.M.)
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Matthew R. Sarkisian
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Duane Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.Y.); (G.T.); (M.D.); (M.R.); (J.H.); (B.A.R.); (D.M.)
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Loic P. Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.Y.); (G.T.); (M.D.); (M.R.); (J.H.); (B.A.R.); (D.M.)
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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35
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Foo J, Basanta D, Rockne RC, Strelez C, Shah C, Ghaffarian K, Mumenthaler SM, Mitchell K, Lathia JD, Frankhouser D, Branciamore S, Kuo YH, Marcucci G, Vander Velde R, Marusyk A, Hang S, Hari K, Jolly MK, Hatzikirou H, Poels K, Spilker M, Shtylla B, Robertson-Tessi M, Anderson ARA. Roadmap on plasticity and epigenetics in cancer. Phys Biol 2022; 19. [PMID: 35078159 PMCID: PMC9190291 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ac4ee2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of plasticity and epigenetics in shaping cancer evolution and response to therapy has taken center stage with recent technological advances including single cell sequencing. This roadmap article is focused on state-of-the-art mathematical and experimental approaches to interrogate plasticity in cancer, and addresses the following themes and questions: is there a formal overarching framework that encompasses both non-genetic plasticity and mutation-driven somatic evolution? How do we measure and model the role of the microenvironment in influencing/controlling non-genetic plasticity? How can we experimentally study non-genetic plasticity? Which mathematical techniques are required or best suited? What are the clinical and practical applications and implications of these concepts?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Foo
- University of Minnesota System, School of Mathematics, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455-2020, UNITED STATES
| | - David Basanta
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Center Inc, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, MRC-3 West/IMO, Tampa, Florida 33612USA, Tampa, Florida, 33612-9416, UNITED STATES
| | - Russell C Rockne
- Computational and Quantitative Medicine; Division of Mathematical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Rose Vogel Building (74), Duarte, California, 91010, UNITED STATES
| | - Carly Strelez
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute , Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90064, UNITED STATES
| | - Curran Shah
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute , Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90064, UNITED STATES
| | - Kimya Ghaffarian
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute , Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90064, UNITED STATES
| | - Shannon M Mumenthaler
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute , Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90064, UNITED STATES
| | - Kelly Mitchell
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195-5243, UNITED STATES
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195-5243, UNITED STATES
| | - David Frankhouser
- Computational and Quantitative Medicine; Division of Mathematical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Rose Vogel Building (74), Duarte, California, 91010, UNITED STATES
| | - Sergio Branciamore
- Computational and Quantitative Medicine; Division of Mathematical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Rose Vogel Building (74), Duarte, California, 91010, UNITED STATES
| | - Ya-Huei Kuo
- Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, City of Hope National Medical Center, Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Rose Vogel Building (74), Duarte, California, 91010, UNITED STATES
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, City of Hope National Medical Center, Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Rose Vogel Building (74), Duarte, California, 91010, UNITED STATES
| | - Robert Vander Velde
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Center Inc, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, MRC-3 West/IMO, Tampa, Florida 33612USA, Tampa, Florida, 33612-9416, UNITED STATES
| | - Andriy Marusyk
- Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, UNITED STATES
| | - Sui Hang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Systems Biology, WA , WA 98109, UNITED STATES
| | - Kishore Hari
- Indian Institute of Science, 560012 Bangalore, Bangalore, 560012, INDIA
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering,, Indian Institute of Science, 560012 Bangalore, Bangalore, 560012, INDIA
| | - Haralampos Hatzikirou
- Khalifa University, P.O. Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, NA, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
| | - Kamrine Poels
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Early Clinical Development, Groton, Connecticut, 06340, UNITED STATES
| | - Mary Spilker
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Medicine Design, Groton, Connecticut, 06340, UNITED STATES
| | - Blerta Shtylla
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Early Clinical Development, Groton, Connecticut, 06340, UNITED STATES
| | - Mark Robertson-Tessi
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, UNITED STATES
| | - Alexander R A Anderson
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Co-Director of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, 12902 Magnolia Drive, SRB 4 Rm 24000H, Tampa, Florida 33612, Tampa, 33612, UNITED STATES
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36
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Bhargav AG, Domino JS, Chamoun R, Thomas SM. Mechanical Properties in the Glioma Microenvironment: Emerging Insights and Theranostic Opportunities. Front Oncol 2022; 11:805628. [PMID: 35127517 PMCID: PMC8813748 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.805628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas represent the most common malignant primary brain tumors, and a high-grade subset of these tumors including glioblastoma are particularly refractory to current standard-of-care therapies including maximal surgical resection and chemoradiation. The prognosis of patients with these tumors continues to be poor with existing treatments and understanding treatment failure is required. The dynamic interplay between the tumor and its microenvironment has been increasingly recognized as a key mechanism by which cellular adaptation, tumor heterogeneity, and treatment resistance develops. Beyond ongoing lines of investigation into the peritumoral cellular milieu and microenvironmental architecture, recent studies have identified the growing role of mechanical properties of the microenvironment. Elucidating the impact of these biophysical factors on disease heterogeneity is crucial for designing durable therapies and may offer novel approaches for intervention and disease monitoring. Specifically, pharmacologic targeting of mechanical signal transduction substrates such as specific ion channels that have been implicated in glioma progression or the development of agents that alter the mechanical properties of the microenvironment to halt disease progression have the potential to be promising treatment strategies based on early studies. Similarly, the development of technology to measure mechanical properties of the microenvironment in vitro and in vivo and simulate these properties in bioengineered models may facilitate the use of mechanical properties as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers that can guide treatment. Here, we review current perspectives on the influence of mechanical properties in glioma with a focus on biophysical features of tumor-adjacent tissue, the role of fluid mechanics, and mechanisms of mechanical signal transduction. We highlight the implications of recent discoveries for novel diagnostics, therapeutic targets, and accurate preclinical modeling of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adip G. Bhargav
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Joseph S. Domino
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Roukoz Chamoun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Sufi M. Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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37
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Rominiyi O, Collis SJ. DDRugging glioblastoma: understanding and targeting the DNA damage response to improve future therapies. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:11-41. [PMID: 34036721 PMCID: PMC8732357 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequently diagnosed type of primary brain tumour in adults. These aggressive tumours are characterised by inherent treatment resistance and disease progression, contributing to ~ 190 000 brain tumour-related deaths globally each year. Current therapeutic interventions consist of surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy, but average survival is typically around 1 year, with < 10% of patients surviving more than 5 years. Recently, a fourth treatment modality of intermediate-frequency low-intensity electric fields [called tumour-treating fields (TTFields)] was clinically approved for glioblastoma in some countries after it was found to increase median overall survival rates by ~ 5 months in a phase III randomised clinical trial. However, beyond these treatments, attempts to establish more effective therapies have yielded little improvement in survival for patients over the last 50 years. This is in contrast to many other types of cancer and highlights glioblastoma as a recognised tumour of unmet clinical need. Previous work has revealed that glioblastomas contain stem cell-like subpopulations that exhibit heightened expression of DNA damage response (DDR) factors, contributing to therapy resistance and disease relapse. Given that radiotherapy, chemotherapy and TTFields-based therapies all impact DDR mechanisms, this Review will focus on our current knowledge of the role of the DDR in glioblastoma biology and treatment. We also discuss the potential of effective multimodal targeting of the DDR combined with standard-of-care therapies, as well as emerging therapeutic targets, in providing much-needed improvements in survival rates for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Rominiyi
- Weston Park Cancer CentreSheffieldUK
- Department of Oncology & MetabolismThe University of Sheffield Medical SchoolUK
- Department of NeurosurgeryRoyal Hallamshire HospitalSheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustUK
| | - Spencer J. Collis
- Weston Park Cancer CentreSheffieldUK
- Department of Oncology & MetabolismThe University of Sheffield Medical SchoolUK
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA)University of SheffieldUK
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38
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DePalma TJ, Sivakumar H, Skardal A. Strategies for developing complex multi-component in vitro tumor models: Highlights in glioblastoma. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114067. [PMID: 34822927 PMCID: PMC10560581 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many research groups have begun to utilize bioengineered in vitro models of cancer to study mechanisms of disease progression, test drug candidates, and develop platforms to advance personalized drug treatment options. Due to advances in cell and tissue engineering over the last few decades, there are now a myriad of tools that can be used to create such in vitro systems. In this review, we describe the considerations one must take when developing model systems that accurately mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment (TME) and can be used to answer specific scientific questions. We will summarize the importance of cell sourcing in models with one or multiple cell types and outline the importance of choosing biomaterials that accurately mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tumor or tissue that is being modeled. We then provide examples of how these two components can be used in concert in a variety of model form factors and conclude by discussing how biofabrication techniques such as bioprinting and organ-on-a-chip fabrication can be used to create highly reproducible complex in vitro models. Since this topic has a broad range of applications, we use the final section of the review to dive deeper into one type of cancer, glioblastoma, to illustrate how these components come together to further our knowledge of cancer biology and move us closer to developing novel drugs and systems that improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J DePalma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hemamylammal Sivakumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Aleksander Skardal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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39
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Yabo YA, Niclou SP, Golebiewska A. Cancer cell heterogeneity and plasticity: A paradigm shift in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2021; 24:669-682. [PMID: 34932099 PMCID: PMC9071273 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity has emerged as a major contributor to intra-tumoral heterogeneity and treatment resistance in cancer. Increasing evidence shows that glioblastoma (GBM) cells display prominent intrinsic plasticity and reversibly adapt to dynamic microenvironmental conditions. Limited genetic evolution at recurrence further suggests that resistance mechanisms also largely operate at the phenotypic level. Here we review recent literature underpinning the role of GBM plasticity in creating gradients of heterogeneous cells including those that carry cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. A historical perspective from the hierarchical to the nonhierarchical concept of CSCs towards the recent appreciation of GBM plasticity is provided. Cellular states interact dynamically with each other and with the surrounding brain to shape a flexible tumor ecosystem, which enables swift adaptation to external pressure including treatment. We present the key components regulating intra-tumoral phenotypic heterogeneity and the equilibrium of phenotypic states, including genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironmental factors. We further discuss plasticity in the context of intrinsic tumor resistance, where a variable balance between preexisting resistant cells and adaptive persisters leads to reversible adaptation upon treatment. Innovative efforts targeting regulators of plasticity and mechanisms of state transitions towards treatment-resistant states are needed to restrict the adaptive capacities of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahaya A Yabo
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P Niclou
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Golebiewska
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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40
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Cable J, Pei D, Reid LM, Wang XW, Bhatia S, Karras P, Melenhorst JJ, Grompe M, Lathia JD, Song E, Kuo CJ, Zhang N, White RM, Ma SK, Ma L, Chin YR, Shen MM, Ng IOL, Kaestner KH, Zhou L, Sikandar S, Schmitt CA, Guo W, Wong CCL, Ji J, Tang DG, Dubrovska A, Yang C, Wiedemeyer WR, Weissman IL. Cancer stem cells: advances in biology and clinical translation-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1506:142-163. [PMID: 34850398 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The test for the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis is to find a target expressed on all, and only CSCs in a patient tumor, then eliminate all cells with that target that eliminates the cancer. That test has not yet been achieved, but CSC diagnostics and targets found on CSCs and some other cells have resulted in a few clinically relevant therapies. However, it has become apparent that eliminating the subset of tumor cells characterized by self-renewal properties is essential for long-term tumor control. CSCs are able to regenerate and initiate tumor growth, recapitulating the heterogeneity present in the tumor before treatment. As great progress has been made in identifying and elucidating the biology of CSCs as well as their interactions with the tumor microenvironment, the time seems ripe for novel therapeutic strategies that target CSCs to find clinical applicability. On May 19-21, 2021, researchers in cancer stem cells met virtually for the Keystone eSymposium "Cancer Stem Cells: Advances in Biology and Clinical Translation" to discuss recent advances in the understanding of CSCs as well as clinical efforts to target these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duanqing Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lola M Reid
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, and Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sonam Bhatia
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Panagiotis Karras
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology and Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Joseph Melenhorst
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, The Abramson Cancer Center and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Markus Grompe
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, and Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Erwei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center and Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory; Program of Molecular Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University; and Fountain-Valley Institute for Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Ning Zhang
- Translational Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Richard M White
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Stephanie Ky Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lichun Ma
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Y Rebecca Chin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michael M Shen
- Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Irene Oi Lin Ng
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong
| | - Shaheen Sikandar
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Clemens A Schmitt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hematology/Oncology, and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany, and Johannes Kepler University, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Hematology/Oncology, Linz, Austria
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Biology, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carmen Chak-Lui Wong
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junfang Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Experimental Therapeutics (ET) Graduate Program, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chunzhang Yang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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41
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Silver DJ, Roversi GA, Bithi N, Wang SZ, Troike KM, Neumann CK, Ahuja GK, Reizes O, Brown JM, Hine C, Lathia JD. Severe consequences of a high-lipid diet include hydrogen sulfide dysfunction and enhanced aggression in glioblastoma. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:138276. [PMID: 34255747 PMCID: PMC8409594 DOI: 10.1172/jci138276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains among the deadliest of human malignancies, and the emergence of the cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype represents a major challenge to durable treatment response. Because the environmental and lifestyle factors that impact CSC populations are not clear, we sought to understand the consequences of diet on CSC enrichment. We evaluated disease progression in mice fed an obesity-inducing high-fat diet (HFD) versus a low-fat, control diet. HFD resulted in hyper-aggressive disease accompanied by CSC enrichment and shortened survival. HFD drove intracerebral accumulation of saturated fats, which inhibited the production of the cysteine metabolite and gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S functions principally through protein S-sulfhydration and regulates multiple programs including bioenergetics and metabolism. Inhibition of H2S increased proliferation and chemotherapy resistance, whereas treatment with H2S donors led to death of cultured GBM cells and stasis of GBM tumors in vivo. Syngeneic GBM models and GBM patient specimens present an overall reduction in protein S-sulfhydration, primarily associated with proteins regulating cellular metabolism. These findings provide clear evidence that diet modifiable H2S signaling serves to suppress GBM by restricting metabolic fitness, while its loss triggers CSC enrichment and disease acceleration. Interventions augmenting H2S bioavailability concurrent with GBM standard of care may improve outcomes for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Silver
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gustavo A. Roversi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nazmin Bithi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sabrina Z. Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Katie M. Troike
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Chase K.A. Neumann
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Grace K. Ahuja
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - J. Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher Hine
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Justin D. Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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42
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Juric V, Düssmann H, Lamfers MLM, Prehn JHM, Rehm M, Murphy BM. Transcriptional CDK Inhibitors CYC065 and THZ1 Induce Apoptosis in Glioma Stem Cells Derived from Recurrent GBM. Cells 2021; 10:1182. [PMID: 34066147 PMCID: PMC8151379 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are tumour initiating cells which contribute to treatment resistance, temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy and radiotherapy, in glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive adult brain tumour. A major contributor to the uncontrolled tumour cell proliferation in GBM is the hyper activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Due to resistance to standard of care, GBMs relapse in almost all patients. Targeting GSCs using transcriptional CDK inhibitors, CYC065 and THZ1 is a potential novel treatment to prevent relapse of the tumour. TCGA-GBM data analysis has shown that the GSC markers, CD133 and CD44 were significantly upregulated in GBM patient tumours compared to non-tumour tissue. CD133 and CD44 stem cell markers were also expressed in gliomaspheres derived from recurrent GBM tumours. Light Sheet Florescence Microscopy (LSFM) further revealed heterogeneous expression of these GSC markers in gliomaspheres. Gliomaspheres from recurrent tumours were highly sensitive to transcriptional CDK inhibitors, CYC065 and THZ1 and underwent apoptosis while being resistant to TMZ. Apoptotic cell death in GSC subpopulations and non-stem tumour cells resulted in sphere disruption. Collectively, our study highlights the potential of these novel CKIs to induce cell death in GSCs from recurrent tumours, warranting further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Juric
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland; (V.J.); (H.D.); (J.H.M.P.)
| | - Heiko Düssmann
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland; (V.J.); (H.D.); (J.H.M.P.)
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Martine L. M. Lamfers
- Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Jochen H. M. Prehn
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland; (V.J.); (H.D.); (J.H.M.P.)
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Brona M. Murphy
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland; (V.J.); (H.D.); (J.H.M.P.)
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43
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Caylioglu D, Meyer RJ, Hellmold D, Kubelt C, Synowitz M, Held-Feindt J. Effects of the Anti-Tumorigenic Agent AT101 on Human Glioblastoma Cells in the Microenvironmental Glioma Stem Cell Niche. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073606. [PMID: 33808494 PMCID: PMC8037174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a barely treatable disease due to its profound chemoresistance. A distinct inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity reflected by specialized microenvironmental niches and different tumor cell subpopulations allows GBMs to evade therapy regimens. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop alternative treatment strategies. A promising candidate for the treatment of GBMs is AT101, the R(-) enantiomer of gossypol. The present study evaluates the effects of AT101, alone or in combination with temozolomide (TMZ), in a microenvironmental glioma stem cell niche model of two GBM cell lines (U251MG and U87MG). AT101 was found to induce strong cytotoxic effects on U251MG and U87MG stem-like cells in comparison to the respective native cells. Moreover, a higher sensitivity against treatment with AT101 was observed upon incubation of native cells with a stem-like cell-conditioned medium. This higher sensitivity was reflected by a specific inhibitory influence on the p-p42/44 signaling pathway. Further, the expression of CXCR7 and the interleukin-6 receptor was significantly regulated upon these stimulatory conditions. Since tumor stem-like cells are known to mediate the development of tumor recurrences and were observed to strongly respond to the AT101 treatment, this might represent a promising approach to prevent the development of GBM recurrences.
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44
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Werbowetski-Ogilvie TE. From sorting to sequencing in the molecular era: the evolution of the cancer stem cell model in medulloblastoma. FEBS J 2021; 289:1765-1778. [PMID: 33714236 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) model posits that tumors contain subpopulations that display defining features of normal stem cells including self-renewal capacity and differentiation. Tumor cells exhibiting these features are now considered to be responsible for tumor propagation and drug resistance in a wide variety of cancers. Therefore, the identification of robust CSC markers and characterization of CSC-specific molecular signatures may lead to the identification of novel therapeutics that selectively abolish this clinically relevant cell population while preserving normal tissue. Brain tumor researchers have been at the forefront of the CSC field. From initial in vitro cell sorting experiments to the sophisticated bioinformatic technologies that now exquisitely resolve primary brain tumors at a single-cell level, recent glioma and medulloblastoma (MB) studies have integrated developmental state with genomic and transcriptome data to identify the spectrum of cell types that may drive tumor progression. This review will examine the last two decades of CSC studies in the field. Seminal discoveries, emerging controversies, and outstanding questions will be covered with a particular focus on MB, the most common malignant primary brain tumor in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamra E Werbowetski-Ogilvie
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Program, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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45
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Hypoxia-Induced Reactivity of Tumor-Associated Astrocytes Affects Glioma Cell Properties. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030613. [PMID: 33802060 PMCID: PMC7999295 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is characterized by extensive necrotic areas with surrounding hypoxia. The cancer cell response to hypoxia in these areas is well-described; it involves a metabolic shift and an increase in stem cell-like characteristics. Less is known about the hypoxic response of tumor-associated astrocytes, a major component of the glioma tumor microenvironment. Here, we used primary human astrocytes and a genetically engineered glioma mouse model to investigate the response of this stromal cell type to hypoxia. We found that astrocytes became reactive in response to intermediate and severe hypoxia, similarly to irradiated and temozolomide-treated astrocytes. Hypoxic astrocytes displayed a potent hypoxia response that appeared to be driven primarily by hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF-2α). This response involved the activation of classical HIF target genes and the increased production of hypoxia-associated cytokines such as TGF-β1, IL-3, angiogenin, VEGF-A, and IL-1 alpha. In vivo, astrocytes were present in proximity to perinecrotic areas surrounding HIF-2α expressing cells, suggesting that hypoxic astrocytes contribute to the glioma microenvironment. Extracellular matrix derived from hypoxic astrocytes increased the proliferation and drug efflux capability of glioma cells. Together, our findings suggest that hypoxic astrocytes are implicated in tumor growth and potentially stemness maintenance by remodeling the tumor microenvironment.
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