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Algranati D, Oren R, Dassa B, Fellus-Alyagor L, Plotnikov A, Barr H, Harmelin A, London N, Ron G, Furth N, Shema E. Dual targeting of histone deacetylases and MYC as potential treatment strategy for H3-K27M pediatric gliomas. eLife 2024; 13:RP96257. [PMID: 39093942 PMCID: PMC11296706 DOI: 10.7554/elife.96257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are aggressive and fatal pediatric tumors of the central nervous system that are highly resistant to treatments. Lysine to methionine substitution of residue 27 on histone H3 (H3-K27M) is a driver mutation in DMGs, reshaping the epigenetic landscape of these cells to promote tumorigenesis. H3-K27M gliomas are characterized by deregulation of histone acetylation and methylation pathways, as well as the oncogenic MYC pathway. In search of effective treatment, we examined the therapeutic potential of dual targeting of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and MYC in these tumors. Treatment of H3-K27M patient-derived cells with Sulfopin, an inhibitor shown to block MYC-driven tumors in vivo, in combination with the HDAC inhibitor Vorinostat, resulted in substantial decrease in cell viability. Moreover, transcriptome and epigenome profiling revealed synergistic effect of this drug combination in downregulation of prominent oncogenic pathways such as mTOR. Finally, in vivo studies of patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models showed significant tumor growth reduction in mice treated with the drug combination. These results highlight the combined treatment with PIN1 and HDAC inhibitors as a promising therapeutic approach for these aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Algranati
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Roni Oren
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Bareket Dassa
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Liat Fellus-Alyagor
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Alexander Plotnikov
- Wohl Institute for Drug Discovery of the Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Haim Barr
- Wohl Institute for Drug Discovery of the Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Alon Harmelin
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Nir London
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Guy Ron
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew UniversityJerusalemIsrael
| | - Noa Furth
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Efrat Shema
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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2
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Zhou Q, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Wei X, Yao Y, Xia L. Noninvasive prediction of CCL2 expression level in high-grade glioma patients. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70016. [PMID: 39030882 PMCID: PMC11257997 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are recognized as the most frequent type of malignancies in the central nervous system, and efficacious prognostic indicators are essential to treat patients with gliomas and improve their clinical outcomes. The chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) is a promising predictor for glioma malignancy and progression. However, at present, the methods to evaluate CCL2 expression level are invasive and operator-dependent. OBJECTIVE It was expected to noninvasively predict CCL2 expression levels in malignant glioma tissues by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics and assess the association between the developed radiomics model and prognostic indicators and related genes. METHODS MRI-based radiomics was used to predict CCL2 expression level using data obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. A support vector machine (SVM)-based radiomics model and a logistic regression (LR)-based radiomics model were used to predict the radiomics score, and its correlation with CCL2 expression level was analyzed. RESULTS The results revealed that there was an association between CCL2 expression level and the overall survival of cases with gliomas, and bioinformatics correlation analysis showed that CCL2 expression level was highly correlated with disease-related pathways, such as mTOR signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Both SVM- and LR-based radiomics data robustly predicted CCL2 expression level, and radiomics scores could also be used to predict the overall survival of patients. Moreover, the high/low radiomics scores were highly correlated with the known glioma-related genes, including CD70, CD27, and PDCD1. CONCLUSION An MRI-based radiomics model was successfully developed, and its clinical benefits were confirmed, including the prediction of CCL2 expression level and patients' prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhou
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou First People's HospitalJingzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yamei Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou First People's HospitalJingzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou First People's HospitalJingzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - XiaoMing Wei
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou First People's HospitalJingzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou First People's HospitalJingzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xia
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
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3
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Chang C, Chavarro VS, Gerstl JVE, Blitz SE, Spanehl L, Dubinski D, Valdes PA, Tran LN, Gupta S, Esposito L, Mazzetti D, Gessler FA, Arnaout O, Smith TR, Friedman GK, Peruzzi P, Bernstock JD. Recurrent Glioblastoma-Molecular Underpinnings and Evolving Treatment Paradigms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6733. [PMID: 38928445 PMCID: PMC11203521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal central nervous system malignancy with a median survival after progression of only 6-9 months. Major biochemical mechanisms implicated in glioblastoma recurrence include aberrant molecular pathways, a recurrence-inducing tumor microenvironment, and epigenetic modifications. Contemporary standard-of-care (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and tumor treating fields) helps to control the primary tumor but rarely prevents relapse. Cytoreductive treatment such as surgery has shown benefits in recurrent glioblastoma; however, its use remains controversial. Several innovative treatments are emerging for recurrent glioblastoma, including checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, nanoparticle delivery, laser interstitial thermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy. This review seeks to provide readers with an overview of (1) recent discoveries in the molecular basis of recurrence; (2) the role of surgery in treating recurrence; and (3) novel treatment paradigms emerging for recurrent glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Chang
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Velina S. Chavarro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Jakob V. E. Gerstl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Sarah E. Blitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lennard Spanehl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (D.D.); (F.A.G.)
| | - Daniel Dubinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (D.D.); (F.A.G.)
| | - Pablo A. Valdes
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Lily N. Tran
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Saksham Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luisa Esposito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unicamillus University, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Debora Mazzetti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Florian A. Gessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (D.D.); (F.A.G.)
| | - Omar Arnaout
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy R. Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gregory K. Friedman
- Division of Pediatrics, Neuro-Oncology Section, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Pierpaolo Peruzzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua D. Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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4
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Alhalabi OT, Dao Trong P, Kaes M, Jakobs M, Kessler T, Oehler H, König L, Eichkorn T, Sahm F, Debus J, von Deimling A, Wick W, Wick A, Krieg SM, Unterberg AW, Jungk C. Repeat surgery of recurrent glioma for molecularly informed treatment in the age of precision oncology: A risk-benefit analysis. J Neurooncol 2024; 167:245-255. [PMID: 38334907 PMCID: PMC11023957 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04595-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgery for recurrent glioma provides cytoreduction and tissue for molecularly informed treatment. With mostly heavily pretreated patients involved, it is unclear whether the benefits of repeat surgery outweigh its potential risks. METHODS Patients receiving surgery for recurrent glioma WHO grade 2-4 with the goal of tissue sampling for targeted therapies were analyzed retrospectively. Complication rates (surgical, neurological) were compared to our institutional glioma surgery cohort. Tissue molecular diagnostic yield, targeted therapies and post-surgical survival rates were analyzed. RESULTS Between 2017 and 2022, tumor board recommendation for targeted therapy through molecular diagnostics was made for 180 patients. Of these, 70 patients (38%) underwent repeat surgery. IDH-wildtype glioblastoma was diagnosed in 48 patients (69%), followed by IDH-mutant astrocytoma (n = 13; 19%) and oligodendroglioma (n = 9; 13%). Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 50 patients (71%). Tissue was processed for next-generation sequencing in 64 cases (91%), and for DNA methylation analysis in 58 cases (83%), while immunohistochemistry for mTOR phosphorylation was performed in 24 cases (34%). Targeted therapy was recommended in 35 (50%) and commenced in 21 (30%) cases. Postoperatively, 7 patients (11%) required revision surgery, compared to 7% (p = 0.519) and 6% (p = 0.359) of our reference cohorts of patients undergoing first and second craniotomy, respectively. Non-resolving neurological deterioration was documented in 6 cases (10% vs. 8%, p = 0.612, after first and 4%, p = 0.519, after second craniotomy). Median survival after repeat surgery was 399 days in all patients and 348 days in GBM patients after repeat GTR. CONCLUSION Surgery for recurrent glioma provides relevant molecular diagnostic information with a direct consequence for targeted therapy under a reasonable risk of postoperative complications. With satisfactory postoperative survival it can therefore complement a multi-modal glioma therapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obada T Alhalabi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philip Dao Trong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Kaes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Jakobs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division for Stereotactic Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kessler
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannah Oehler
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laila König
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Centre (HIT), National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Eichkorn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Centre (HIT), National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Centre (HIT), National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Centre (HIT), National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antje Wick
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandro M Krieg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas W Unterberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Jungk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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5
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Goldberg AR, Dovas A, Torres D, Sharma SD, Mela A, Merricks EM, Olabarria M, Shokooh LA, Zhao HT, Kotidis C, Calvaresi P, Viswanathan A, Banu MA, Razavilar A, Sudhakar TD, Saxena A, Chokran C, Humala N, Mahajan A, Xu W, Metz JB, Chen C, Bushong EA, Boassa D, Ellisman MH, Hillman EM, McKhann GM, Gill BJA, Rosenfeld SS, Schevon CA, Bruce JN, Sims PA, Peterka DS, Canoll P. Glioma-Induced Alterations in Excitatory Neurons are Reversed by mTOR Inhibition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.10.575092. [PMID: 38293120 PMCID: PMC10827113 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.575092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Gliomas are highly aggressive brain tumors characterized by poor prognosis and composed of diffusely infiltrating tumor cells that intermingle with non-neoplastic cells in the tumor microenvironment, including neurons. Neurons are increasingly appreciated as important reactive components of the glioma microenvironment, due to their role in causing hallmark glioma symptoms, such as cognitive deficits and seizures, as well as their potential ability to drive glioma progression. Separately, mTOR signaling has been shown to have pleiotropic effects in the brain tumor microenvironment, including regulation of neuronal hyperexcitability. However, the local cellular-level effects of mTOR inhibition on glioma-induced neuronal alterations are not well understood. Here we employed neuron-specific profiling of ribosome-bound mRNA via 'RiboTag,' morphometric analysis of dendritic spines, and in vivo calcium imaging, along with pharmacological mTOR inhibition to investigate the impact of glioma burden and mTOR inhibition on these neuronal alterations. The RiboTag analysis of tumor-associated excitatory neurons showed a downregulation of transcripts encoding excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic proteins and dendritic spine development, and an upregulation of transcripts encoding cytoskeletal proteins involved in dendritic spine turnover. Light and electron microscopy of tumor-associated excitatory neurons demonstrated marked decreases in dendritic spine density. In vivo two-photon calcium imaging in tumor-associated excitatory neurons revealed progressive alterations in neuronal activity, both at the population and single-neuron level, throughout tumor growth. This in vivo calcium imaging also revealed altered stimulus-evoked somatic calcium events, with changes in event rate, size, and temporal alignment to stimulus, which was most pronounced in neurons with high-tumor burden. A single acute dose of AZD8055, a combined mTORC1/2 inhibitor, reversed the glioma-induced alterations on the excitatory neurons, including the alterations in ribosome-bound transcripts, dendritic spine density, and stimulus evoked responses seen by calcium imaging. These results point to mTOR-driven pathological plasticity in neurons at the infiltrative margin of glioma - manifested by alterations in ribosome-bound mRNA, dendritic spine density, and stimulus-evoked neuronal activity. Collectively, our work identifies the pathological changes that tumor-associated excitatory neurons experience as both hyperlocal and reversible under the influence of mTOR inhibition, providing a foundation for developing therapies targeting neuronal signaling in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. Goldberg
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Athanassios Dovas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniela Torres
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sohani Das Sharma
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Angeliki Mela
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Edward M. Merricks
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Markel Olabarria
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Hanzhi T. Zhao
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Corina Kotidis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter Calvaresi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ashwin Viswanathan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matei A. Banu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aida Razavilar
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tejaswi D. Sudhakar
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ankita Saxena
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cole Chokran
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nelson Humala
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aayushi Mahajan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Weihao Xu
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jordan B. Metz
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Cady Chen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eric A. Bushong
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniela Boassa
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mark H. Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elizabeth M.C. Hillman
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Guy M. McKhann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Brian J. A. Gill
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Catherine A. Schevon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Bruce
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter A. Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Darcy S. Peterka
- Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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6
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Fanfarillo F, Ferraguti G, Lucarelli M, Francati S, Barbato C, Minni A, Ceccanti M, Tarani L, Petrella C, Fiore M. The Impact of ROS and NGF in the Gliomagenesis and their Emerging Implications in the Glioma Treatment. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:449-462. [PMID: 37016521 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230403105438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules derived from molecular oxygen (O2). ROS sources can be endogenous, such as cellular organelles and inflammatory cells, or exogenous, such as ionizing radiation, alcohol, food, tobacco, chemotherapeutical agents and infectious agents. Oxidative stress results in damage of several cellular structures (lipids, proteins, lipoproteins, and DNA) and is implicated in various disease states such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, neurodegeneration, and aging. A large body of studies showed that ROS plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Indeed, increased production of ROS causes accumulation in DNA damage leading to tumorigenesis. Various investigations demonstrated the involvement of ROS in gliomagenesis. The most common type of primary intracranial tumor in adults is represented by glioma. Furthermore, there is growing attention on the role of the Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in brain tumor pathogenesis. NGF is a growth factor belonging to the family of neurotrophins. It is involved in neuronal differentiation, proliferation and survival. Studies were conducted to investigate NGF pathogenesis's role as a pro- or anti-tumoral factor in brain tumors. It has been observed that NGF can induce both differentiation and proliferation in cells. The involvement of NGF in the pathogenesis of brain tumors leads to the hypothesis of a possible implication of NGF in new therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have focused on the role of neurotrophin receptors as potential targets in glioma therapy. This review provides an updated overview of the role of ROS and NGF in gliomagenesis and their emerging role in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Francati
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Minni
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Ceccanti
- SITAC, Società Italiana per il Trattamento dell'Alcolismo e le sue Complicanze, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Tarani
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Rome, Italy
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7
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Ullah A, Ullah S, Waqas M, Khan M, Rehman NU, Khalid A, Jan A, Aziz S, Naeem M, Halim SA, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Novel Natural Inhibitors for Glioblastoma by Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:6596-6613. [PMID: 38616761 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673293279240404080046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Glioblastoma is an extensively malignant neoplasm of the brain that predominantly impacts the human population. To address the challenge of glioblastoma, herein, we have searched for new drug-like candidates by extensive computational and biochemical investigations. METHODS Approximately 950 compounds were virtually screened against the two most promising targets of glioblastoma, i.e., epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Based on highly negative docking scores, excellent binding capabilities and good pharmacokinetic properties, eight and seven compounds were selected for EGFR and PI3K, respectively. RESULTS Among those hits, four natural products (SBEH-40, QUER, QTME-12, and HCFR) exerted dual inhibitory effects on EGFR and PI3K in our in-silico analysis; therefore, their capacity to suppress the cell proliferation was assessed in U87 cell line (type of glioma cell line). The compounds SBEH-40, QUER, and QTME-12 exhibited significant anti-proliferative capability with IC50 values of 11.97 ± 0.73 μM, 28.27 ± 1.52 μM, and 22.93 ± 1.63 μM respectively, while HCFR displayed weak inhibitory potency (IC50 = 74.97 ± 2.30 μM). CONCLUSION This study has identified novel natural products that inhibit the progression of glioblastoma; however, further examinations of these molecules are required in animal and tissue models to better understand their downstream targeting mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atta Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Majid Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Jan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahkaar Aziz
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
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8
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Sarkar S, Deyoung T, Ressler H, Chandler W. Brain Tumors: Development, Drug Resistance, and Sensitization - An Epigenetic Approach. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2237761. [PMID: 37499114 PMCID: PMC10376921 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2237761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we describe contrasting developmental aspects of paediatric and adult brain tumours. We hypothesize that the formation of cancer progenitor cells, for both paediatric and adult, could be due to epigenetic events. However, the progression of adult brain tumours selectively involves more mutations compared to paediatric tumours. We further discuss epigenetic switches, comprising both histone modifications and DNA methylation, and how they can differentially regulate transcription and expression of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Next, we summarize the currently available therapies for both types of brain tumours, explaining the merits and failures leading to drug resistance. We analyse different mechanisms of drug resistance and the role of epigenetics in this process. We then provide a rationale for combination therapy, which includes epigenetic drugs. In the end, we postulate a concept which describes how a combination therapy could be initiated. The timing, doses, and order of individual drug regimens will depend on the individual case. This type of combination therapy will be part of a personalized medicine which will differ from patient to patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibaji Sarkar
- Division of Biotechnology, Quincy College, Quincy, MA, USA
- Division of Biology, STEM, MBC College, Wellesley, MA, USA
- Division of Biology, STEM, RC College Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tara Deyoung
- Division of Biotechnology, Quincy College, Quincy, MA, USA
| | - Hope Ressler
- Division of Biology, STEM, MBC College, Wellesley, MA, USA
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9
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Limone A, Maggisano V, Sarnataro D, Bulotta S. Emerging roles of the cellular prion protein (PrP C) and 37/67 kDa laminin receptor (RPSA) interaction in cancer biology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:207. [PMID: 37452879 PMCID: PMC10349719 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04844-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is well-known for its involvement, under its pathogenic protease-resistant form (PrPSc), in a group of neurodegenerative diseases, known as prion diseases. PrPC is expressed in nervous system, as well as in other peripheral organs, and has been found overexpressed in several types of solid tumors. Notwithstanding, studies in recent years have disclosed an emerging role for PrPC in various cancer associated processes. PrPC has high binding affinity for 37/67 kDa laminin receptor (RPSA), a molecule that acts as a key player in tumorigenesis, affecting cell growth, adhesion, migration, invasion and cell death processes. Recently, we have characterized at cellular level, small molecules able to antagonize the direct PrPC binding to RPSA and their intracellular trafficking. These findings are very crucial considering that the main function of RPSA is to modulate key events in the metastasis cascade. Elucidation of the role played by PrPC/RPSA interaction in regulating tumor development, progression and response to treatment, represents a very promising challenge to gain pathogenetic information and discover novel specific biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets to be exploited in clinical settings. This review attempts to convey a detailed description of the complexity surrounding these multifaceted proteins from the perspective of cancer hallmarks, but with a specific focus on the role of their interaction in the control of proliferation, migration and invasion, genome instability and mutation, as well as resistance to cell death controlled by autophagic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Limone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Maggisano
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela Sarnataro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Bulotta
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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10
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Benavides-Serrato A, Saunders JT, Kumar S, Holmes B, Benavides KE, Bashir MT, Nishimura RN, Gera J. m 6A-modification of cyclin D1 and c-myc IRESs in glioblastoma controls ITAF activity and resistance to mTOR inhibition. Cancer Lett 2023; 562:216178. [PMID: 37061119 PMCID: PMC10805108 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
A major mechanism conferring resistance to mTOR inhibitors is activation of a salvage pathway stimulating internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated mRNA translation, driving the synthesis of proteins promoting resistance of glioblastoma (GBM). Previously, we found this pathway is stimulated by the requisite IRES-trans-acting factor (ITAF) hnRNP A1, which itself is subject to phosphorylation and methylation events regulating cyclin D1 and c-myc IRES activity. Here we describe the requirement for m6A-modification of IRES RNAs for efficient translation and resistance to mTOR inhibition. DRACH-motifs within these IRES RNAs upon m6A modification resulted in enhanced IRES activity via increased hnRNP A1-binding following mTOR inhibitor exposure. Inhibitor exposure stimulated the expression of m6A-methylosome components resulting in increased activity in GBM. Silencing of METTL3-14 complexes reduced IRES activity upon inhibitor exposure and sensitized resistant GBM lines. YTHDF3 associates with m6A-modified cyclin D1 or c-myc IRESs, regulating IRES activity, and mTOR inhibitor sensitivity in vitro and in xenograft experiments. YTHDF3 interacted directly with hnRNP A1 and together stimulated hnRNP A1-dependent nucleic acid strand annealing activity. These data demonstrate that m6A-methylation of IRES RNAs regulate GBM responses to this class of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Benavides-Serrato
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Research & Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn T Saunders
- Department of Research & Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Research & Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brent Holmes
- Department of Research & Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kennedy E Benavides
- Department of Research & Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Muhammad T Bashir
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Research & Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert N Nishimura
- Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Research & Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Gera
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Research & Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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11
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Salerno S, Barresi E, Baglini E, Poggetti V, Da Settimo F, Taliani S. Target-Based Anticancer Indole Derivatives for the Development of Anti-Glioblastoma Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062587. [PMID: 36985576 PMCID: PMC10056347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and frequent primary brain tumor, with a poor prognosis and the highest mortality rate. Currently, GBM therapy consists of surgical resection of the tumor, radiotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide. Consistently, there are poor treatment options and only modest anticancer efficacy is achieved; therefore, there is still a need for the development of new effective therapies for GBM. Indole is considered one of the most privileged scaffolds in heterocyclic chemistry, so it may serve as an effective probe for the development of new drug candidates against challenging diseases, including GBM. This review analyzes the therapeutic benefit and clinical development of novel indole-based derivatives investigated as promising anti-GBM agents. The existing indole-based compounds which are in the pre-clinical and clinical stages of development against GBM are reported, with particular reference to the most recent advances between 2013 and 2022. The main mechanisms of action underlying their anti-GBM efficacy, such as protein kinase, tubulin and p53 pathway inhibition, are also discussed. The final goal is to pave the way for medicinal chemists in the future design and development of novel effective indole-based anti-GBM agents.
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12
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Dual Targeting of EGFR and MTOR Pathways Inhibits Glioblastoma Growth by Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040547. [PMID: 36831214 PMCID: PMC9954001 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma's (GBM) aggressive growth is driven by redundant activation of a myriad of signaling pathways and genomic alterations in tyrosine kinase receptors, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is altered in over 50% of cases. Single agents targeting EGFR have not proven effective against GBM. In this study, we aimed to identify an effective anti-tumor regimen using pharmacogenomic testing of patient-derived GBM samples, in culture and in vivo. High-throughput pharmacological screens of ten EGFR-driven GBM samples identified the combination of erlotinib (EGFRi) and MLN0128 (a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, or MTORi) as the most effective at inhibiting tumor cell viability. The anti-tumor activity of erlonitib+MLN0128 was synergistic and produced inhibition of the p-EGFR, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways in culture. Using an orthotopic murine model of GBM, we show that erlotinib+MLN0128 inhibited tumor growth in vivo and significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Expression profiling of tumor tissues from treated mice revealed a unique gene signature induced by erlotinib+MLN0128, consisting of downregulation of immunosuppressive chemokines in the tumor microenvironment, including C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and periostin. Lower periostin levels resulted in the inhibition of Iba1+ (tumor-promoting) macrophage infiltration of GBM xenografts. Taken together, our results demonstrate that pharmacological co-targeting of EGFR and MTOR using clinically available drugs represents an effective treatment paradigm for EGFR-driven GBMs, acting both by inhibiting tumor cell growth and modulating the immune tumor microenvironment.
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13
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Li S, Wang C, Chen J, Lan Y, Zhang W, Kang Z, Zheng Y, Zhang R, Yu J, Li W. Signaling pathways in brain tumors and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:8. [PMID: 36596785 PMCID: PMC9810702 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors, although rare, contribute to distinct mortality and morbidity at all ages. Although there are few therapeutic options for brain tumors, enhanced biological understanding and unexampled innovations in targeted therapies and immunotherapies have considerably improved patients' prognoses. Nonetheless, the reduced response rates and unavoidable drug resistance of currently available treatment approaches have become a barrier to further improvement in brain tumor (glioma, meningioma, CNS germ cell tumors, and CNS lymphoma) treatment. Previous literature data revealed that several different signaling pathways are dysregulated in brain tumor. Importantly, a better understanding of targeting signaling pathways that influences malignant behavior of brain tumor cells might open the way for the development of novel targeted therapies. Thus, there is an urgent need for a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of these brain tumors, which might result in greater progress in therapeutic approaches. This paper began with a brief description of the epidemiology, incidence, risk factors, as well as survival of brain tumors. Next, the major signaling pathways underlying these brain tumors' pathogenesis and current progress in therapies, including clinical trials, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and system therapies, have been systemically reviewed and discussed. Finally, future perspective and challenges of development of novel therapeutic strategies in brain tumor were emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Li
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Can Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyi Chen
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjie Lan
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weichunbai Zhang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuang Kang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Yu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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14
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Kalpongnukul N, Bootsri R, Wongkongkathep P, Kaewsapsak P, Ariyachet C, Pisitkun T, Chantaravisoot N. Phosphoproteomic Analysis Defines BABAM1 as mTORC2 Downstream Effector Promoting DNA Damage Response in Glioblastoma Cells. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2893-2904. [PMID: 36315652 PMCID: PMC9724709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating primary brain cancer with a poor prognosis. GBM is associated with an abnormal mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, consisting of two distinct kinase complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2. The complexes play critical roles in cell proliferation, survival, migration, metabolism, and DNA damage response. This study investigated the aberrant mTORC2 signaling pathway in GBM cells by performing quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of U87MG cells under different drug treatment conditions. Interestingly, a functional analysis of phosphoproteome revealed that mTORC2 inhibition might be involved in double-strand break (DSB) repair. We further characterized the relationship between mTORC2 and BRISC and BRCA1-A complex member 1 (BABAM1). We demonstrated that pBABAM1 at Ser29 is regulated by mTORC2 to initiate DNA damage response, contributing to DNA repair and cancer cell survival. Accordingly, the inactivation of mTORC2 significantly ablated pBABAM1 (Ser29), reduced DNA repair activities in the nucleus, and promoted apoptosis of the cancer cells. Furthermore, we also recognized that histone H2AX phosphorylation at Ser139 (γH2AX) could be controlled by mTORC2 to repair the DNA. These results provided a better understanding of the mTORC2 function in oncogenic DNA damage response and might lead to specific mTORC2 treatments for brain cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttiya Kalpongnukul
- Interdisciplinary
Program of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Rungnapa Bootsri
- Center
of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Piriya Wongkongkathep
- Center
of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Research
Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Kaewsapsak
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Research
Unit of Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chaiyaboot Ariyachet
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of
Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Center
of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Research
Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Naphat Chantaravisoot
- Center
of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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15
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Hsia T, Yekula A, Batool SM, Rosenfeld YB, You DG, Weissleder R, Lee H, Carter BS, Balaj L. Glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicle subpopulations following 5-aminolevulinic acid treatment bear diagnostic implications. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12278. [PMID: 36404434 PMCID: PMC9676504 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive alternative to surgical biopsy, encompassing different analytes including extracellular vesicles (EVs), circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), proteins, and metabolites. EVs are released by virtually all cells, but at a higher rate by faster cycling, malignant cells. They encapsulate cargo native to the originating cell and can thus provide a window into the tumour landscape. EVs are often analysed in bulk which hinders the analysis of rare, tumour-specific EV subpopulations from the large host EV background. Here, we fractionated EV subpopulations in vitro and in vivo and characterized their phenotype and generic cargo. We used 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) to induce release of endogenously fluorescent tumour-specific EVs (EVPpIX ). Analysis of five different subpopulations (EVPpIX , EVCD63 , EVCD9 , EVEGFR , EVCFDA ) from glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines revealed unique transcriptome profiles, with the EVPpIX transcriptome demonstrating closer alignment to tumorigenic processes over the other subpopulations. Similarly, isolation of tumour-specific EVs from GBM patient plasma showed enrichment in GBM-associated genes, when compared to bulk EVs from plasma. We propose that fractionation of EV populations facilitates detection and isolation of tumour-specific EVs for disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffaney Hsia
- Department of NeurosurgeryMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Anudeep Yekula
- Department of NeurosurgeryMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - S. Maheen Batool
- Department of NeurosurgeryMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yulia B. Rosenfeld
- Department of NeurosurgeryMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Dong Gil You
- Department of NeurosurgeryMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Bob S. Carter
- Department of NeurosurgeryMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Department of NeurosurgeryMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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16
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Ding J, Li X, Khan S, Zhang C, Gao F, Sen S, Wasylishen AR, Zhao Y, Lozano G, Koul D, Alfred Yung WK. EGFR suppresses p53 function by promoting p53 binding to DNA-PKcs: a noncanonical regulatory axis between EGFR and wild-type p53 in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1712-1725. [PMID: 35474131 PMCID: PMC9527520 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification and TP53 mutation are the two most common genetic alterations in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). A comprehensive analysis of the TCGA GBM database revealed a subgroup with near mutual exclusivity of EGFR amplification and TP53 mutations indicative of a role of EGFR in regulating wild-type-p53 (wt-p53) function. The relationship between EGFR amplification and wt-p53 function remains undefined and this study describes the biological significance of this interaction in GBM. METHODS Mass spectrometry was used to identify EGFR-dependent p53-interacting proteins. The p53 and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) interaction was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. We used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to knockout EGFR and DNA-PKcs and the Edit-R CRIPSR-Cas9 system for conditional knockout of EGFR. ROS activity was measured with a CM-H2DCFDA probe, and real-time PCR was used to quantify expression of p53 target genes. RESULTS Using glioma sphere-forming cells (GSCs), we identified, DNA-PKcs as a p53 interacting protein that functionally inhibits p53 activity. We demonstrate that EGFR knockdown increased wt-p53 transcriptional activity, which was associated with decreased binding between p53 and DNA-PKcs. We further show that inhibition of DNA-PKcs either by siRNA or an inhibitor (nedisertib) increased wt-p53 transcriptional activity, which was not enhanced further by EGFR knockdown, indicating that EGFR suppressed wt-p53 activity through DNA-PKcs binding with p53. Finally, using conditional EGFR-knockout GSCs, we show that depleting EGFR increased animal survival in mice transplanted with wt-p53 GSCs. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that EGFR signaling inhibits wt-p53 function in GBM by promoting an interaction between p53 and DNA-PKcs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sabbir Khan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shayak Sen
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amanda R Wasylishen
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dimpy Koul
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - W K Alfred Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Zhang Z, Fan Q, Luo X, Lou K, Weiss WA, Shokat KM. Brain-restricted mTOR inhibition with binary pharmacology. Nature 2022; 609:822-828. [PMID: 36104566 PMCID: PMC9492542 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05213-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
On-target-off-tissue drug engagement is an important source of adverse effects that constrains the therapeutic window of drug candidates1,2. In diseases of the central nervous system, drugs with brain-restricted pharmacology are highly desirable. Here we report a strategy to achieve inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) while sparing mTOR activity elsewhere through the use of the brain-permeable mTOR inhibitor RapaLink-1 and the brain-impermeable FKBP12 ligand RapaBlock. We show that this drug combination mitigates the systemic effects of mTOR inhibitors but retains the efficacy of RapaLink-1 in glioblastoma xenografts. We further present a general method to design cell-permeable, FKBP12-dependent kinase inhibitors from known drug scaffolds. These inhibitors are sensitive to deactivation by RapaBlock, enabling the brain-restricted inhibition of their respective kinase targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qiwen Fan
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xujun Luo
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Lou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William A Weiss
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Hersh AM, Gaitsch H, Alomari S, Lubelski D, Tyler BM. Molecular Pathways and Genomic Landscape of Glioblastoma Stem Cells: Opportunities for Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3743. [PMID: 35954407 PMCID: PMC9367289 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive tumor of the central nervous system categorized by the World Health Organization as a Grade 4 astrocytoma. Despite treatment with surgical resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, outcomes remain poor, with a median survival of only 14-16 months. Although tumor regression is often observed initially after treatment, long-term recurrence or progression invariably occurs. Tumor growth, invasion, and recurrence is mediated by a unique population of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Their high mutation rate and dysregulated transcriptional landscape augment their resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy, explaining the poor outcomes observed in patients. Consequently, GSCs have emerged as targets of interest in new treatment paradigms. Here, we review the unique properties of GSCs, including their interactions with the hypoxic microenvironment that drives their proliferation. We discuss vital signaling pathways in GSCs that mediate stemness, self-renewal, proliferation, and invasion, including the Notch, epidermal growth factor receptor, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, sonic hedgehog, transforming growth factor beta, Wnt, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and inhibitors of differentiation pathways. We also review epigenomic changes in GSCs that influence their transcriptional state, including DNA methylation, histone methylation and acetylation, and miRNA expression. The constituent molecular components of the signaling pathways and epigenomic regulators represent potential sites for targeted therapy, and representative examples of inhibitory molecules and pharmaceuticals are discussed. Continued investigation into the molecular pathways of GSCs and candidate therapeutics is needed to discover new effective treatments for GBM and improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Hersh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (A.M.H.); (H.G.); (S.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Hallie Gaitsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (A.M.H.); (H.G.); (S.A.); (D.L.)
- NIH Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program, Wellcome—MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Safwan Alomari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (A.M.H.); (H.G.); (S.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Daniel Lubelski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (A.M.H.); (H.G.); (S.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Betty M. Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (A.M.H.); (H.G.); (S.A.); (D.L.)
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Maksoud S. The DNA Double-Strand Break Repair in Glioma: Molecular Players and Therapeutic Strategies. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5326-5365. [PMID: 35696013 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent type of tumor in the central nervous system, which exhibit properties that make their treatment difficult, such as cellular infiltration, heterogeneity, and the presence of stem-like cells responsible for tumor recurrence. The response of this type of tumor to chemoradiotherapy is poor, possibly due to a higher repair activity of the genetic material, among other causes. The DNA double-strand breaks are an important type of lesion to the genetic material, which have the potential to trigger processes of cell death or cause gene aberrations that could promote tumorigenesis. This review describes how the different cellular elements regulate the formation of DNA double-strand breaks and their repair in gliomas, discussing the therapeutic potential of the induction of this type of lesion and the suppression of its repair as a control mechanism of brain tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semer Maksoud
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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20
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Ryskalin L, Biagioni F, Morucci G, Busceti CL, Frati A, Puglisi-Allegra S, Ferrucci M, Fornai F. Spreading of Alpha Synuclein from Glioblastoma Cells towards Astrocytes Correlates with Stem-like Properties. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061417. [PMID: 35326570 PMCID: PMC8946011 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The present study questions whether cells from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which overexpress α-synuclein (α-syn), may alter neighboring non-tumoral astrocyte cell lines. The occurrence of α-syn in GBM correlates with the expression of the stem cell marker nestin. When astrocytes are co-cultured with GBM cells in a trans-well apparatus the occurrence of α-syn and nestin rises remarkably. The increase in α-syn in co-cultured astrocytes is more pronounced at the plasma membrane, which mimics the placement of α-syn in GBM cells. When the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin is administered, GBM-induced expression of α-syn and nestin within co-cultured astrocytes is occluded, and morphological alterations are reverted. In the presence of rapamycin the sub-cellular placement of α-syn is modified being allocated within whorls and vacuoles instead of the plasma membrane. The effects induced by rapamycin occur both in baseline GBM cells and within astrocytes primed by co-cultured GBM cells. Abstract Evidence has been recently provided showing that, in baseline conditions, GBM cells feature high levels of α-syn which are way in excess compared with α-syn levels measured within control astrocytes. These findings are consistent along various techniques. In fact, they are replicated by using antibody-based protein detection, such as immuno-fluorescence, immuno-peroxidase, immunoblotting and ultrastructural stoichiometry as well as by measuring α-syn transcript levels at RT-PCR. The present manuscript further questions whether such a high amount of α-syn may be induced within astrocytes, which are co-cultured with GBM cells in a trans-well system. In astrocytes co-cultured with GBM cells, α-syn overexpression is documented. Such an increase is concomitant with increased expression of the stem cell marker nestin, along with GBM-like shifting in cell morphology. This concerns general cell morphology, subcellular compartments and profuse convolutions at the plasma membrane. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allows us to assess the authentic amount and sub-cellular compartmentalization of α-syn and nestin within baseline GBM cells and the amount, which is induced within co-cultured astrocytes, as well as the shifting of ultrastructure, which is reminiscent of GBM cells. These phenomena are mitigated by rapamycin administration, which reverts nestin- and α-syn-related overexpression and phenotypic shifting within co-cultured astrocytes towards baseline conditions of naïve astrocytes. The present study indicates that: (i) α-syn increases in astrocyte co-cultured with GBM cells; (ii) α-syn increases in astrocytes along with the stem cell marker nestin; (iii) α-syn increases along with a GBM-like shift of cell morphology; (iv) all these changes are replicated in different GBM cell lines and are reverted by the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. The present findings indicate that α-syn does occur in high amount within GBM cells and may transmit to neighboring astrocytes as much as a stem cell phenotype. This suggests a mode of tumor progression for GBM cells, which may transform, rather than merely substitute, surrounding tissue; such a phenomenon is sensitive to mTOR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Ryskalin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.R.); (G.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (A.F.); (S.P.-A.)
| | - Gabriele Morucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.R.); (G.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Carla L. Busceti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (A.F.); (S.P.-A.)
| | - Alessandro Frati
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (A.F.); (S.P.-A.)
- Neurosurgery Division, Human Neurosciences Department, Sapienza University, 00135 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Puglisi-Allegra
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (A.F.); (S.P.-A.)
| | - Michela Ferrucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.R.); (G.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.R.); (G.M.); (M.F.)
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (A.F.); (S.P.-A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2218601
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21
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Novel Repositioning Therapy for Drug-Resistant Glioblastoma: In Vivo Validation Study of Clindamycin Treatment Targeting the mTOR Pathway and Combination Therapy with Temozolomide. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030770. [PMID: 35159037 PMCID: PMC8833675 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Given the significant costs and lengthy timelines of drug development and clinical trials, drug repositioning is a promising alternative to find effective treatments for brain tumors quickly and inexpensively. In the present study, using a simple drug screen of macrolides, we found that clindamycin (CLD) had cytotoxic effects on glioblastoma (GBM) cells. Further studies showed the inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway as the key mechanism of action. Interestingly, we found that co-treatment with temozolomide (TMZ), the alkylating agent considered as standard therapy in GBM, enhanced these effects and proposed the inhibition of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) protein by CLD as a potential mechanism for this combination effect. Abstract Multimodal therapy including surgery, radiation treatment, and temozolomide (TMZ) is performed on glioblastoma (GBM). However, the prognosis is still poor and there is an urgent need to develop effective treatments to improve survival. Molecular biological analysis was conducted to examine the signal activation patterns in GBM specimens and remains an open problem. Advanced macrolides, such as azithromycin, reduce the phosphorylation of p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), a downstream mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) effector, and suppress the proliferation of T-cells. We focused on its unique profile and screened for the antitumor activity of approved macrolide antibiotics. Clindamycin (CLD) reduced the viability of GBM cells in vitro. We assessed the effects of the candidate macrolide on the mTOR pathway through Western blotting. CLD attenuated p70S6K phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. These effects on GBM cells were enhanced by co-treatment with TMZ. Furthermore, CLD inhibited the expression of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) protein in cultured cells. In the mouse xenograft model, CLD and TMZ co-administration significantly suppressed the tumor growth and markedly decreased the number of Ki-67 (clone MIB-1)-positive cells within the tumor. These results suggest that CLD suppressed GBM cell growth by inhibiting mTOR signaling. Moreover, CLD and TMZ showed promising synergistic antitumor activity.
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22
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Barzegar Behrooz A, Talaie Z, Jusheghani F, Łos MJ, Klonisch T, Ghavami S. Wnt and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Survival Pathways as Therapeutic Targets in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031353. [PMID: 35163279 PMCID: PMC8836096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating type of brain tumor, and current therapeutic treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, are palliative at best. The design of effective and targeted chemotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of GBM require a thorough analysis of specific signaling pathways to identify those serving as drivers of GBM progression and invasion. The Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathways are key regulators of important biological functions that include cell proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), metabolism, and angiogenesis. Targeting specific regulatory components of the Wnt/β-catenin and PAM pathways has the potential to disrupt critical brain tumor cell functions to achieve critical advancements in alternative GBM treatment strategies to enhance the survival rate of GBM patients. In this review, we emphasize the importance of the Wnt/β-catenin and PAM pathways for GBM invasion into brain tissue and explore their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Brain Cancer Department, Asu vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran; (A.B.B.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zahra Talaie
- Brain Cancer Department, Asu vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran; (A.B.B.); (Z.T.)
| | - Fatemeh Jusheghani
- Department of Biotechnology, Asu vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran;
| | - Marek J. Łos
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Katowice School of Technology, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
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23
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Liu H, Qiu W, Sun T, Wang L, Du C, Hu Y, Liu W, Feng F, Chen Y, Sun H. Therapeutic strtegies of glioblastoma (GBM): The current advances in the molecular targets and bioactive small molecule compounds. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 12:1781-1804. [PMID: 35847506 PMCID: PMC9279645 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common aggressive malignant tumor in brain neuroepithelial tumors and remains incurable. A variety of treatment options are currently being explored to improve patient survival, including small molecule inhibitors, viral therapies, cancer vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies. Among them, the unique advantages of small molecule inhibitors have made them a focus of attention in the drug discovery of glioblastoma. Currently, the most used chemotherapeutic agents are small molecule inhibitors that target key dysregulated signaling pathways in glioblastoma, including receptor tyrosine kinase, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, DNA damage response, TP53 and cell cycle inhibitors. This review analyzes the therapeutic benefit and clinical development of novel small molecule inhibitors discovered as promising anti-glioblastoma agents by the related targets of these major pathways. Meanwhile, the recent advances in temozolomide resistance and drug combination are also reviewed. In the last part, due to the constant clinical failure of targeted therapies, this paper reviewed the research progress of other therapeutic methods for glioblastoma, to provide patients and readers with a more comprehensive understanding of the treatment landscape of glioblastoma.
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A Preclinical Investigation of GBM-N019 as a Potential Inhibitor of Glioblastoma via Exosomal mTOR/CDK6/STAT3 Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092391. [PMID: 34572040 PMCID: PMC8471927 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive brain malignancies with high incidences of developing treatment resistance, resulting in poor prognoses. Glioma stem cell (GSC)-derived exosomes are important players that contribute to GBM tumorigenesis and aggressive properties. Herein, we investigated the inhibitory roles of GBM-N019, a novel small molecule on the transfer of aggressive and invasive properties through the delivery of oncogene-loaded exosomes from GSCs to naïve and non-GSCs. Our results indicated that GBM-N019 significantly downregulated the expressions of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) signaling networks with concomitant inhibitory activities against viability, clonogenicity, and migratory abilities of U251 and U87MG cells. Treatments with GBM-N019 halted the exosomal transfer of protein kinase B (Akt), mTOR, p-mTOR, and Ras-related protein RAB27A to the naïve U251 and U87MG cells, and rescued the cells from invasive and stemness properties that were associated with activation of these oncogenes. GBM-N019 also synergized with and enhanced the anti-GBM activities of palbociclib in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our results suggested that GBM-N019 possesses good translational relevance as a potential anti-glioblastoma drug candidate worthy of consideration for clinical trials against recurrent glioblastomas.
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25
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Chou FJ, Liu Y, Lang F, Yang C. D-2-Hydroxyglutarate in Glioma Biology. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092345. [PMID: 34571995 PMCID: PMC8464856 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are common genetic abnormalities in glioma, which result in the accumulation of an "oncometabolite", D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG). Abnormally elevated D-2-HG levels result in a distinctive pattern in cancer biology, through competitively inhibiting α-ketoglutarate (α-KG)/Fe(II)-dependent dioxgenases (α-KGDDs). Recent studies have revealed that D-2-HG affects DNA/histone methylation, hypoxia signaling, DNA repair, and redox homeostasis, which impacts the oncogenesis of IDH-mutated cancers. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of D-2-HG in cancer biology, as well as the emerging opportunities in therapeutics in IDH-mutated glioma.
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26
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Cheng H, Li Z, Guo Z, Shao S, Mo L, Wei W, Xue M. Single-cell profiling of D-2-hydroxyglutarate using surface-immobilized resazurin analogs. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 190:113368. [PMID: 34098361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG) is over-produced as an oncometabolite due to mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs). Accumulation of D2HG can cause the dysfunction of many enzymes and genome-wide epigenetic alterations, which can promote oncogenesis. Quantification of D2HG at single-cell resolution can help understand the phenotypic signatures of IDH-mutant cancers and identify effective therapeutics. In this study, we developed an analytical method to detect D2HG levels in single cancer cells by adapting cascade enzymatic reactions on a resazurin-based fluorescence reporter. The resazurin probe was immobilized to the sensing surface via biotin-streptavidin interaction. This surface chemistry was rationally optimized to translate the D2HG levels to sensitive fluorescence readouts efficiently. This D2HG assay demonstrated good selectivity and high sensitivity toward D2HG, and it was compatible with the previously developed single-cell barcode chip (SCBC) technology. Using the SCBC platform, we performed simultaneous single-cell profiling of D2HG, glucose uptake, and critical oncogenic signaling proteins in single IDH-mutant glioma cells. The results unveiled the complex interplays between metabolic and oncogenic signaling and led to the identification of effective combination targeted therapy against these IDH-mutant glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjun Cheng
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Zhonghan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Zhili Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Shiqun Shao
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Li Mo
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Min Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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27
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Autophagy mediated lipid catabolism facilitates glioma progression to overcome bioenergetic crisis. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1711-1723. [PMID: 33723393 PMCID: PMC8110959 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of mTORC1 plays a significant role in cancer development and progression. However, the metabolic mechanisms to sustain mTORC1 activation of cancer cells within stressed environments are still under-appreciated. We recently revealed high autophagy activity in tumour cells with mTORC1 hyper-activation. Nevertheless, the functions and mechanisms of autophagy in regulating mTORC1 in glioma are not studied. METHODS Using glioma patient database and human glioma cells, we assessed the mechanisms and function of selective autophagy to sustain mTORC1 hyper-activation in glioma. RESULTS We revealed a strong association of altered mRNA levels in mTORC1 upstream and downstream genes with prognosis of glioma patients. Our results indicated that autophagy-mediated lipid catabolism was essential to sustain mTORC1 activity in glioma cells under energy stresses. We found that autophagy inhibitors or fatty acid oxidation (FAO) inhibitors in combination with 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) decreased energy production and survival of glioma cells in vitro. Consistently, inhibition of autophagy or FAO inhibitors with 2DG effectively suppressed the progression of xenografted glioma with hyper-activated mTORC1. CONCLUSIONS This study established an autophagy/lipid degradation/FAO/ATP generation pathway, which might be used in brain cancer cells under energy stresses to maintain high mTORC1 signalling for tumour progression.
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28
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Alves ALV, Gomes INF, Carloni AC, Rosa MN, da Silva LS, Evangelista AF, Reis RM, Silva VAO. Role of glioblastoma stem cells in cancer therapeutic resistance: a perspective on antineoplastic agents from natural sources and chemical derivatives. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:206. [PMID: 33762015 PMCID: PMC7992331 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the highest-grade form of glioma, as well as one of the most aggressive types of cancer, exhibiting rapid cellular growth and highly invasive behavior. Despite significant advances in diagnosis and therapy in recent decades, the outcomes for high-grade gliomas (WHO grades III-IV) remain unfavorable, with a median overall survival time of 15–18 months. The concept of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has emerged and provided new insight into GBM resistance and management. CSCs can self-renew and initiate tumor growth and are also responsible for tumor cell heterogeneity and the induction of systemic immunosuppression. The idea that GBM resistance could be dependent on innate differences in the sensitivity of clonogenic glial stem cells (GSCs) to chemotherapeutic drugs/radiation prompted the scientific community to rethink the understanding of GBM growth and therapies directed at eliminating these cells or modulating their stemness. This review aims to describe major intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that mediate chemoradioresistant GSCs and therapies based on antineoplastic agents from natural sources, derivatives, and synthetics used alone or in synergistic combination with conventional treatment. We will also address ongoing clinical trials focused on these promising targets. Although the development of effective therapy for GBM remains a major challenge in molecular oncology, GSC knowledge can offer new directions for a promising future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura V Alves
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izabela N F Gomes
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana C Carloni
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela N Rosa
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane S da Silva
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriane F Evangelista
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909, Braga, Portugal
| | - Viviane Aline O Silva
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Wei L, Li L, Liu L, Yu R, Li X, Luo Z. Knockdown of Annexin-A1 Inhibits Growth, Migration and Invasion of Glioma Cells by Suppressing the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:17590914211001218. [PMID: 33706561 PMCID: PMC7958645 DOI: 10.1177/17590914211001218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ANXA1, which can bind phospholipid in a calcium dependent manner, is reported to play a pivotal role in tumor progression. However, the role and mechanism of ANXA1 involved in the occurrence and development of malignant glioma are still not well studied. Therefore, we explored the effects of ANXA1 on normal astrocytes and glioma cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion and the underlying mechanisms. We found that ANXA1 was markedly up-regulated in glioma cell lines and glioma tissues. Down-regulation of ANXA1 inhibited normal astrocytes and glioma cell proliferation and induced the cell apoptosis, which suggested that the consequences of loss of Annexin 1 are not specific to the tumor cells. Furthermore, the siRNA-ANXA1 treatment significantly reduced tumor growth rate and tumor weight. Moreover, decreasing ANXA1 expression caused G2/M phase arrest by repressing expression levels of cdc25C, cdc2 and cyclin B1. Interestingly, ANXA1 did not affect the expressions of β-catenin, GSK-3β and NF-κB, the key signaling molecules associated with cancer progression. However, siRNA-ANXA1 was found to negatively regulate phosphorylation of AKT and the expression and activity of MMP2/-9. Finally, the decrease of cell proliferation and invasiveness induced by ANXA1 down-regulation was partially reversed by combined treatment with AKT agonist insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Meanwhile, the inhibition of glioma cell proliferation and invasiveness induced by ANXA1 down-regulation was further enhanced by combined treatment with AKT inhibitor LY294002. In summary, these findings demonstrate that ANXA1 regulates proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Wei
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Respiration, The Children's Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ru Yu
- Department of Respiration, The Children's Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Neurobiology, The School of Basic Medical Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenzhao Luo
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hajj GNM, Nunes PBC, Roffe M. Genome-wide translation patterns in gliomas: An integrative view. Cell Signal 2020; 79:109883. [PMID: 33321181 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) and include the highly malignant glioblastoma (GBM). Characteristically, gliomas have translational control deregulation related to overactivation of signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 and Ras/ERK1/2. Thus, mRNA translation appears to play a dominant role in glioma gene expression patterns. The, analysis of genome-wide translated transcripts, together known as the translatome, may reveal important information for understanding gene expression patterns in gliomas. This review provides a brief overview of translational control mechanisms altered in gliomas with a focus on the current knowledge related to the translatomes of glioma cells and murine glioma models. We present an integrative meta-analysis of selected glioma translatome data with the aim of identifying recurrent patterns of gene expression preferentially regulated at the level of translation and obtaining clues regarding the pathological significance of these alterations. Re-analysis of several translatome datasets was performed to compare the translatomes of glioma models with those of their non-tumor counterparts and to document glioma cell responses to radiotherapy and MNK modulation. The role of recurrently altered genes in the context of translational control and tumorigenesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia Noeli Maroso Hajj
- International Research Institute, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá, 440, São Paulo ZIP Code: 01508-010, Brazil; National Institute of Oncogenomics and Innovation, Brazil.
| | - Paula Borzino Cordeiro Nunes
- International Research Institute, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá, 440, São Paulo ZIP Code: 01508-010, Brazil
| | - Martin Roffe
- International Research Institute, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá, 440, São Paulo ZIP Code: 01508-010, Brazil; National Institute of Oncogenomics and Innovation, Brazil.
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31
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Geng Y, Zuo P, Li XO, Zhang L. PODNL1 promotes cell proliferation and migration in glioma via regulating Akt/mTOR pathway. J Cancer 2020; 11:6234-6242. [PMID: 33033506 PMCID: PMC7532506 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Emerging studies have determined that the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family can aggravate tumor progression. However, the biological function of podocan-like protein 1 (PODNL1), a novel member of the SLRP family, has not been investigated. Therefore, our study focused on the function and regulatory mechanism of PODNL1 in glioma. Methods: Both the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database were used to analyze the expression level and survival risk of PODNL1 in glioma. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Celltiter-Glo and colony formation assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation. Migration capacity was measured by Transwell and wound healing assays. Flow cytometry was utilized to assess the apoptotic rate. Results: The expression of PODNL1 predicted the poor prognosis in glioma patients. Silencing of PODNL1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and induced epithelial-like phenotype. In addition, knockdown of PODNL1 also induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, the cell growth and migration inhibited by PODNL1 knockdown could be partially rescued with Akt activator. Conversely, PODNL1 overexpression promoted cell growth and migration, which were suppressed by Akt inhibitor. Conclusions: PODNL1, a promising predictive indicator of poor prognosis, resulted in greater proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Moreover, PODNL1 promoted aggressive glioma behavior by activating Akt/mTOR pathway, providing a novel therapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Geng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Nan Si Huan Xi Lu 119, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
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32
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Calvo Tardón M, Marinari E, Migliorini D, Bes V, Tankov S, Charrier E, McKee TA, Dutoit V, Dietrich PY, Cosset E, Walker PR. An Experimentally Defined Hypoxia Gene Signature in Glioblastoma and Its Modulation by Metformin. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090264. [PMID: 32887267 PMCID: PMC7563149 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, characterized by a high degree of intertumoral heterogeneity. However, a common feature of the GBM microenvironment is hypoxia, which can promote radio- and chemotherapy resistance, immunosuppression, angiogenesis, and stemness. We experimentally defined common GBM adaptations to physiologically relevant oxygen gradients, and we assessed their modulation by the metabolic drug metformin. We directly exposed human GBM cell lines to hypoxia (1% O2) and to physioxia (5% O2). We then performed transcriptional profiling and compared our in vitro findings to predicted hypoxic areas in vivo using in silico analyses. We observed a heterogenous hypoxia response, but also a common gene signature that was induced by a physiologically relevant change in oxygenation from 5% O2 to 1% O2. In silico analyses showed that this hypoxia signature was highly correlated with a perinecrotic localization in GBM tumors, expression of certain glycolytic and immune-related genes, and poor prognosis of GBM patients. Metformin treatment of GBM cell lines under hypoxia and physioxia reduced viable cell number, oxygen consumption rate, and partially reversed the hypoxia gene signature, supporting further exploration of targeting tumor metabolism as a treatment component for hypoxic GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calvo Tardón
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Division of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.C.T.); (E.M.); (V.B.); (S.T.); (E.C.); (V.D.); (P.-Y.D.); (E.C.)
| | - Eliana Marinari
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Division of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.C.T.); (E.M.); (V.B.); (S.T.); (E.C.); (V.D.); (P.-Y.D.); (E.C.)
| | - Denis Migliorini
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Research Unit, Dubois Ferrière Dinu Lipatti Research Foundation, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Viviane Bes
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Division of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.C.T.); (E.M.); (V.B.); (S.T.); (E.C.); (V.D.); (P.-Y.D.); (E.C.)
| | - Stoyan Tankov
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Division of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.C.T.); (E.M.); (V.B.); (S.T.); (E.C.); (V.D.); (P.-Y.D.); (E.C.)
| | - Emily Charrier
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Division of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.C.T.); (E.M.); (V.B.); (S.T.); (E.C.); (V.D.); (P.-Y.D.); (E.C.)
| | - Thomas A McKee
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Valérie Dutoit
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Division of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.C.T.); (E.M.); (V.B.); (S.T.); (E.C.); (V.D.); (P.-Y.D.); (E.C.)
| | - Pierre-Yves Dietrich
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Division of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.C.T.); (E.M.); (V.B.); (S.T.); (E.C.); (V.D.); (P.-Y.D.); (E.C.)
| | - Erika Cosset
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Division of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.C.T.); (E.M.); (V.B.); (S.T.); (E.C.); (V.D.); (P.-Y.D.); (E.C.)
| | - Paul R Walker
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Division of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.C.T.); (E.M.); (V.B.); (S.T.); (E.C.); (V.D.); (P.-Y.D.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-223795079
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Zhao M, Zhang J, Huang W, Dong J, Guo J, U KP, Weng Z, Liu S, Chan HC, Feng H, Jiang X. CFTR promotes malignant glioma development via up-regulation of Akt/Bcl2-mediated anti-apoptosis pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7301-7312. [PMID: 32463592 PMCID: PMC7339181 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP‐activated Cl‐ channel, is extensively expressed in the epithelial cells of various tissues and organs. Accumulating evidence indicates that aberrant expression or mutation of CFTR is related to carcinoma development. Malignant gliomas are the most common and aggressive intracranial tumours; however, the role of CFTR in the development of malignant gliomas is unclear. Here, we report that CFTR is expressed in malignant glioma cell lines. Suppression of CFTR channel function or knockdown of CFTR suppresses glioma cell viability whereas overexpression of CFTR promotes it. Additionally, overexpression of CFTR suppresses apoptosis and promotes glioma progression in both subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft models. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator activates Akt/Bcl2 pathway, and suppression of PI3K/Akt pathway abolishes CFTR overexpression–induced up‐regulation of Bcl2 (MK‐2206 and LY294002) and cell viability (MK‐2206). More importantly, the protein expression level of CFTR is significantly increased in glioblastoma patient samples. Altogether, our study has revealed a mechanism by which CFTR promotes glioma progression via up‐regulation of Akt/Bcl2‐mediated anti‐apoptotic pathway, which warrants future studies into the potential of using CFTR as a therapeutic target for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Airforce General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jieting Zhang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenqing Huang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianda Dong
- Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jinghui Guo
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kin Pong U
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - ZhiHui Weng
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Si Liu
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hsiao Chang Chan
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Park AK, Kim P, Ballester LY, Esquenazi Y, Zhao Z. Subtype-specific signaling pathways and genomic aberrations associated with prognosis of glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2020; 21:59-70. [PMID: 30053126 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A high heterogeneity and activation of multiple oncogenic pathways have been implicated in failure of targeted therapies in glioblastoma (GBM). Methods Using The Cancer Genome Atlas data, we identified subtype-specific prognostic core genes by a combined approach of genome-wide Cox regression and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. The results were validated with 8 combined public datasets containing 608 GBMs. We further examined prognostic chromosome aberrations and mutations. Results In classical and mesenchymal subtypes, 2 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) (MET and IGF1R), and the genes in RTK downstream pathways such as phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB), were commonly detected as prognostic core genes. Classical subtype-specific prognostic core genes included those in cell cycle, DNA repair, and the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. Immune-related genes were enriched in the prognostic genes showing negative promoter cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) methylation/expression correlations. Mesenchymal subtype-specific prognostic genes were those related to mesenchymal cell movement, PI3K/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Wnt/β-catenin, and Wnt/Ca2+ pathways. In copy number alterations and mutations, 6p loss and TP53 mutation were associated with poor and good survival, respectively, in the classical subtype. In the mesenchymal subtype, patients with PIK3R1 or PCLO mutations showed poor prognosis. In the glioma CpG island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP) subtype, patients harboring 10q loss, 12p gain, or 14q loss exhibited poor survival. Furthermore, 10q loss was significantly associated with the recently recognized G-CIMP subclass showing relatively low CpG methylation and poor prognosis. Conclusion These subtype-specific alterations have promising potentials as new prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets combined with surrogate markers of GBM subtypes. However, considering the small number of events, the results of copy number alterations and mutations require further validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae Kyung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pora Kim
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Leomar Y Ballester
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yoshua Esquenazi
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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35
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Poore B, Yuan M, Arnold A, Price A, Alt J, Rubens JA, Slusher BS, Eberhart CG, Raabe EH. Inhibition of mTORC1 in pediatric low-grade glioma depletes glutathione and therapeutically synergizes with carboplatin. Neuro Oncol 2020; 21:252-263. [PMID: 30239952 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) often initially responds to front-line therapies such as carboplatin, but more than 50% of treated tumors eventually progress and require additional therapy. With the discovery that pLGG often contains mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation, new treatment modalities and combinations are now possible for patients. The purpose of this study was to determine if carboplatin is synergistic with the mTOR complex 1 inhibitor everolimus in pLGG. METHODS We treated 4 pLGG cell lines and 1 patient-derived xenograft line representing various pLGG genotypes, including neurofibromatosis type 1 loss, proto-oncogene B-Raf (BRAF)-KIAA1549 fusion, and BRAFV600E mutation, with carboplatin and/or everolimus and performed assays for growth, cell proliferation, and cell death. Immunohistochemistry as well as in vivo and in vitro metabolomics studies were also performed. RESULTS Carboplatin synergized with everolimus in all of our 4 pLGG cell lines (combination index <1 at Fa 0.5). Combination therapy was superior at inhibiting tumor growth in vivo. Combination treatment increased levels of apoptosis as well as gamma-H2AX phosphorylation compared with either agent alone. Everolimus treatment suppressed the conversion of glutamine and glutamate into glutathione both in vitro and in vivo. Exogenous glutathione reversed the effects of carboplatin and everolimus. CONCLUSIONS The combination of carboplatin and everolimus was effective at inducing cell death and slowing tumor growth in pLGG models. Everolimus decreased the amount of available glutathione inside the cell, preventing the detoxification of carboplatin and inducing increased DNA damage and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Poore
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ming Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Antje Arnold
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Antoinette Price
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jesse Alt
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey A Rubens
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eric H Raabe
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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36
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M. Hajj GN, da Silva FF, de Bellis B, Lupinacci FCS, Bellato HM, Cruz JR, Segundo CNC, Faquini IV, Torres LC, Sanematsu PI, Begnami MD, Martins VR, Roffé M. Aberrant expression of RSK1 characterizes high-grade gliomas with immune infiltration. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:159-179. [PMID: 31701625 PMCID: PMC6944115 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family, a downstream target of Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling, can mediate cross-talk with the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway. As RSK connects two oncogenic pathways in gliomas, we investigated the protein levels of the RSK isoforms RSK1-4 in nontumoral brain (NB) and grade I-IV gliomas. When compared to NB or low-grade gliomas (LGG), a group of glioblastomas (GBMs) that excluded long-survivor cases expressed higher levels of RSK1 (RSK1hi ). No difference was observed in RSK2 median-expression levels among NB and gliomas; however, high levels of RSK2 in GBM (RSK2hi ) were associated with worse survival. RSK4 expression was not detected in any brain tissues, whereas RSK3 expression was very low, with GBM demonstrating the lowest RSK3 protein levels. RSK1hi and, to a lesser extent, RSK2hi GBMs showed higher levels of phosphorylated RSK, which reveals RSK activation. Transcriptome analysis indicated that most RSK1hi GBMs belonged to the mesenchymal subtype, and RSK1 expression strongly correlated with gene expression signature of immune infiltrates, in particular of activated natural killer cells and M2 macrophages. In an independent cohort, we confirmed that RSK1hi GBMs exclude long survivors, and RSK1 expression was associated with high protein levels of the mesenchymal subtype marker lysosomal protein transmembrane 5, as well as with high expression of CD68, which indicated the presence of infiltrating immune cells. An RSK1 signature was obtained based on differentially expressed mRNAs and validated in public glioma datasets. Enrichment of RSK1 signature followed glioma progression, recapitulating RSK1 protein expression, and was associated with worse survival not only in GBM but also in LGG. In conclusion, both RSK1 and RSK2 associate with glioma malignity, but displaying isoform-specific peculiarities. The progression-dependent expression and association with immune infiltration suggest RSK1 as a potential progression marker and therapeutic target for gliomas.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/immunology
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/mortality
- Databases, Genetic
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Glioblastoma/genetics
- Glioblastoma/metabolism
- Glioma/genetics
- Glioma/immunology
- Glioma/metabolism
- Glioma/secondary
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Grading
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Isoforms
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/genetics
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Transcriptome/genetics
- Transcriptome/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia N. M. Hajj
- International Research CenterA.C.Camargo Cancer CenterSão PauloBrazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in OncogenomicsSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Bárbara de Bellis
- International Research CenterA.C.Camargo Cancer CenterSão PauloBrazil
| | | | | | - Juvanier R. Cruz
- Department of Clinical OncologyHospital do Câncer de PernambucoRecifeBrazil
| | | | - Igor V. Faquini
- Department of NeurosurgeryHospital da RestauraçãoRecifeBrazil
- Translational Research Laboratory Prof. C. A. HartInstituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando FigueiraRecifeBrazil
| | - Leuridan C. Torres
- Department of Clinical OncologyHospital do Câncer de PernambucoRecifeBrazil
- Translational Research Laboratory Prof. C. A. HartInstituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando FigueiraRecifeBrazil
| | | | | | - Vilma R. Martins
- International Research CenterA.C.Camargo Cancer CenterSão PauloBrazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in OncogenomicsSão PauloBrazil
| | - Martín Roffé
- International Research CenterA.C.Camargo Cancer CenterSão PauloBrazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in OncogenomicsSão PauloBrazil
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Zusman E, Sidorov M, Ayala A, Chang J, Singer E, Chen M, Desprez PY, McAllister S, Salomonis N, Chetal K, Prasad G, Kang T, Mark J, Dickinson L, Soroceanu L. Tissues Harvested Using an Automated Surgical Approach Confirm Molecular Heterogeneity of Glioblastoma and Enhance Specimen's Translational Research Value. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1119. [PMID: 31750239 PMCID: PMC6843001 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Designing effective individualized therapies for GBM requires quality fresh tissue specimens, and a comprehensive molecular profile of this highly heterogenous neoplasm. Novel neuro-surgical approaches, such as the automated resection NICO Myriad™ system, are increasingly used by neurosurgeons to better reach the invasive front of tumors. However, no information exists on how harvesting GBM tissue using this approach may impact the translational research value of the sample. Here, we set out to characterize matched specimens from 15 patients, where one tissue sample was obtained using traditional tumor de-bulking (herein referred to as “en bloc” sample), and the other sample was obtained using the MyriadTM System (herein referred to as “Myriad” sample). We investigated the fidelity of patient derived xenografts (PDXs) for each sample type to the corresponding human tissues and evaluated the added value of sequencing both samples for each patient. Matched en bloc and Myriad samples processed in parallel, were subjected to the following assays: cell viability, self-renewal, in vivo tumorigenicity using an orthotopic model of glioma, genomic sequencing, and pharmacological testing using PI3K-MTOR pathway inhibitors. Our results demonstrate that primary GBM cultures derived from matched specimens grew at similar rates (correlation coefficient R = 0.72), generated equivalent number of neurospheres, and had equivalent tumorigenic potential in vivo (mouse survival correlation coefficient R = 0.93). DNA Sequencing using the Illumina tumor panel amplicons revealed over 70% concordance in non-synonymous mutations between matched human GBM specimens. PDX genomic profiles were also highly concordant with the corresponding patient tissues (>70%). RNA sequencing of paired GBM samples revealed unique genomic variants and differential gene expression between the en bloc and Myriad specimens, with the former molecularly resembling the “tumor core” and the latter resembling the “invasive tumor front” signature. Functionally, we show that primary-derived GBM cells—obtained after fresh specimen's dissociation—are more effectively growth-inhibited by co-targeting non-overlapping mutations enriched in each sample type, suggesting that profiling both specimens more adequately capture the molecular heterogeneity of GBM and may enhance the design accuracy and efficacy of individualized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edie Zusman
- NorthBay Medical Center, Fairfield, CA, United States
| | - Maxim Sidorov
- California Pacific Medical Center (CPMC) Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Alexandria Ayala
- Pacific Brain and Spine Medical Group, Eden Medical Center-Sutter Research, Castro Valley, CA, United States
| | - Jimmin Chang
- Pacific Brain and Spine Medical Group, Eden Medical Center-Sutter Research, Castro Valley, CA, United States
| | - Eric Singer
- California Pacific Medical Center (CPMC) Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michelle Chen
- California Pacific Medical Center (CPMC) Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pierre-Yves Desprez
- California Pacific Medical Center (CPMC) Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sean McAllister
- California Pacific Medical Center (CPMC) Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kashish Chetal
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Gautam Prasad
- Pacific Brain and Spine Medical Group, Eden Medical Center-Sutter Research, Castro Valley, CA, United States
| | - Tyler Kang
- Pacific Brain and Spine Medical Group, Eden Medical Center-Sutter Research, Castro Valley, CA, United States
| | - Joseph Mark
- NICO Corporation, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Lawrence Dickinson
- Pacific Brain and Spine Medical Group, Eden Medical Center-Sutter Research, Castro Valley, CA, United States
| | - Liliana Soroceanu
- California Pacific Medical Center (CPMC) Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States
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The Brain Penetrating and Dual TORC1/TORC2 Inhibitor, RES529, Elicits Anti-Glioma Activity and Enhances the Therapeutic Effects of Anti-Angiogenetic Compounds in Preclinical Murine Models. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101604. [PMID: 31640252 PMCID: PMC6826425 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating disease showing a very poor prognosis. New therapeutic approaches are needed to improve survival and quality of life. GBM is a highly vascularized tumor and as such, chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic drugs have been combined for treatment. However, as treatment-induced resistance often develops, our goal was to identify and treat pathways involved in resistance to treatment to optimize the treatment strategies. Anti-angiogenetic compounds tested in preclinical and clinical settings demonstrated recurrence associated to secondary activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR pathway. Aims. Here, we determined the sensitizing effects of the small molecule and oral available dual TORC1/TORC2 dissociative inhibitor, RES529, alone or in combination with the anti-VEGF blocking antibody, bevacizumab, or the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sunitinib, in human GBM models. Results. We observed that RES529 effectively inhibited dose-dependently the growth of GBM cells in vitro counteracting the insurgence of recurrence after bevacizumab or sunitinib administration in vivo. Combination strategies were associated with reduced tumor progression as indicated by the analysis of Time to Tumor Progression (TTP) and disease-free survival (DSF) as well as increased overall survival (OS) of tumor bearing mice. RES529 was able to reduce the in vitro migration of tumor cells and tubule formation from both brain-derived endothelial cells (angiogenesis) and tumor cells (vasculogenic mimicry). Conclusions. In summary, RES529, the first dual TORC1/TORC2 dissociative inhibitor, lacking affinity for ABCB1/ABCG2 and having good brain penetration, was active in GBM preclinical/murine models giving credence to its use in clinical trial for patients with GBM treated in association with anti-angiogenetic compounds.
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Ryskalin L, Gaglione A, Limanaqi F, Biagioni F, Familiari P, Frati A, Esposito V, Fornai F. The Autophagy Status of Cancer Stem Cells in Gliobastoma Multiforme: From Cancer Promotion to Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153824. [PMID: 31387280 PMCID: PMC6695733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor featuring rapid cell proliferation, treatment resistance, and tumor relapse. This is largely due to the coexistence of heterogeneous tumor cell populations with different grades of differentiation, and in particular, to a small subset of tumor cells displaying stem cell-like properties. This is the case of glioma stem cells (GSCs), which possess a powerful self-renewal capacity, low differentiation, along with radio- and chemo-resistance. Molecular pathways that contribute to GBM stemness of GSCs include mTOR, Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt/β-catenin. Remarkably, among the common biochemical effects that arise from alterations in these pathways, autophagy suppression may be key in promoting GSCs self-renewal, proliferation, and pluripotency maintenance. In fact, besides being a well-known downstream event of mTOR hyper-activation, autophagy downregulation is also bound to the effects of aberrantly activated Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in GBM. As a major orchestrator of protein degradation and turnover, autophagy modulates proliferation and differentiation of normal neuronal stem cells (NSCs) as well as NSCs niche maintenance, while its failure may contribute to GSCs expansion and maintenance. Thus, in the present review we discuss the role of autophagy in GSCs metabolism and phenotype in relationship with dysregulations of a variety of NSCs controlling pathways, which may provide novel insights into GBM neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Ryskalin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Fiona Limanaqi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandro Frati
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Esposito
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
- Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
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40
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Laks DR, Oses-Prieto JA, Alvarado AG, Nakashima J, Chand S, Azzam DB, Gholkar AA, Sperry J, Ludwig K, Condro MC, Nazarian S, Cardenas A, Shih MYS, Damoiseaux R, France B, Orozco N, Visnyei K, Crisman TJ, Gao F, Torres JZ, Coppola G, Burlingame AL, Kornblum HI. A molecular cascade modulates MAP1B and confers resistance to mTOR inhibition in human glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:764-775. [PMID: 29136244 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical trials of therapies directed against nodes of the signaling axis of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in glioblastoma (GBM) have had disappointing results. Resistance to mTOR inhibitors limits their efficacy. Methods To determine mechanisms of resistance to chronic mTOR inhibition, we performed tandem screens on patient-derived GBM cultures. Results An unbiased phosphoproteomic screen quantified phosphorylation changes associated with chronic exposure to the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, and our analysis implicated a role for glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3B attenuation in mediating resistance that was confirmed by functional studies. A targeted short hairpin RNA screen and further functional studies both in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that microtubule-associated protein (MAP)1B, previously associated predominantly with neurons, is a downstream effector of GSK3B-mediated resistance. Furthermore, we provide evidence that chronic rapamycin induces microtubule stability in a MAP1B-dependent manner in GBM cells. Additional experiments explicate a signaling pathway wherein combinatorial extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mTOR targeting abrogates inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3B, leads to phosphorylation of MAP1B, and confers sensitization. Conclusions These data portray a compensatory molecular signaling network that imparts resistance to chronic mTOR inhibition in primary, human GBM cell cultures and points toward new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan R Laks
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Alvaro G Alvarado
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan Nakashima
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shreya Chand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, UCSF, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel B Azzam
- Department of Neuroscience, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | - Kirsten Ludwig
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael C Condro
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Serli Nazarian
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anjelica Cardenas
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michelle Y S Shih
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Bryan France
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA
| | - Nicholas Orozco
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Koppany Visnyei
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Thomas J Crisman
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fuying Gao
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, UCSF, San Francisco, California
| | - Harley I Kornblum
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA.,Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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41
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Targeting mTOR in Glioblastoma: Rationale and Preclinical/Clinical Evidence. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:9230479. [PMID: 30662577 PMCID: PMC6312595 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9230479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) drives several physiologic and pathologic cellular processes and is frequently deregulated in different types of tumors, including glioblastoma (GBM). Despite recent advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in GBM biology, the survival rates of this tumor are still disappointing, primarily due to the lack of efficacious treatments. The phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mTOR pathway has emerged as a crucial player in GBM development and progression. However, to date, all the attempts to target this pathway with PI3K, AKT, or mTORC1 inhibitors failed to improve the outcome of patients with GBM. Despite these discouraging results, recent evidence pointed out that the blockade of mTORC2 might provide a useful therapeutic strategy for GBM, with the potential to overcome the limitations that mTORC1 inhibitors have shown so far. In this review, we analyzed the rationale of targeting mTOR in GBM and the available preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the choice of this therapeutic approach, highlighting the different roles of mTORC1 and mTORC2 in GBM biology.
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42
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Mattoo AR, Joun A, Jessup JM. Repurposing of mTOR Complex Inhibitors Attenuates MCL-1 and Sensitizes to PARP Inhibition. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 17:42-53. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Cruickshanks N, Zhang Y, Hine S, Gibert M, Yuan F, Oxford M, Grello C, Pahuski M, Dube C, Guessous F, Wang B, Deveau C, Saoud K, Gallagher I, Wulfkuhle J, Schiff D, Phan S, Petricoin E, Abounader R. Discovery and Therapeutic Exploitation of Mechanisms of Resistance to MET Inhibitors in Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:663-673. [PMID: 30201763 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most lethal primary malignant brain tumor. The receptor tyrosine kinase MET is frequently upregulated or overactivated in GBM. Although clinically applicable MET inhibitors have been developed, resistance to single modality anti-MET drugs frequently occurs, rendering these agents ineffective. We aimed to determine the mechanisms of MET inhibitor resistance in GBM and use the acquired information to develop novel therapeutic approaches to overcome resistance.Experimental Design: We investigated two clinically applicable MET inhibitors: crizotinib, an ATP-competitive small molecule inhibitor of MET, and onartuzumab, a monovalent monoclonal antibody that binds to the extracellular domain of the MET receptor. We developed new MET inhibitor-resistant cells lines and animal models and used reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) and functional assays to uncover the compensatory pathways in MET inhibitor-resistant GBM. RESULTS We identified critical proteins that were altered in MET inhibitor-resistant GBM including mTOR, FGFR1, EGFR, STAT3, and COX-2. Simultaneous inhibition of MET and one of these upregulated proteins led to increased cell death and inhibition of cell proliferation in resistant cells compared with either agent alone. In addition, in vivo treatment of mice bearing MET-resistant orthotopic xenografts with COX-2 or FGFR pharmacological inhibitors in combination with MET inhibitor restored sensitivity to MET inhibition and significantly inhibited tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS These data uncover the molecular basis of adaptive resistance to MET inhibitors and identify new FDA-approved multidrug therapeutic combinations that can overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichola Cruickshanks
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Sarah Hine
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Myron Gibert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Madison Oxford
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Cassandra Grello
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mary Pahuski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Collin Dube
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Fadila Guessous
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,University Mohammed 6 for Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Baomin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ciana Deveau
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Karim Saoud
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Isela Gallagher
- George Mason University Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Julia Wulfkuhle
- George Mason University Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Manassas, Virginia
| | - David Schiff
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - See Phan
- Genentech Inc. South San Francisco, California
| | - Emanuel Petricoin
- George Mason University Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Roger Abounader
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia. .,Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,The Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Nayak T, Trotter J, Sakry D. The Intracellular Cleavage Product of the NG2 Proteoglycan Modulates Translation and Cell-Cycle Kinetics via Effects on mTORC1/FMRP Signaling. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:231. [PMID: 30131676 PMCID: PMC6090502 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The NG2 proteoglycan is expressed by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and is abundantly expressed by tumors such as melanoma and glioblastoma. Functions of NG2 include an influence on proliferation, migration and neuromodulation. Similar to other type-1 membrane proteins, NG2 undergoes proteolysis, generating a large ectodomain, a C-terminal fragment (CTF) and an intracellular domain (ICD) via sequential action of α- and γ-secretases which is enhanced by neuronal activity. Functional roles of NG2 have so far been shown for the full-length protein, the released ectodomain and CTF, but not for the ICD. In this study, we characterized the role of the NG2 ICD in OPC and Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) cells. Overexpressed ICD is predominantly localized in the cell cytosol, including the distal processes of OPCs. Nuclear localisation of a fraction of the ICD is dependent on Nuclear Localisation Signals. Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry followed by functional analysis indicated that the NG2 ICD modulates mRNA translation and cell-cycle kinetics. In OPCs and HEK cells, ICD overexpression results in an mTORC1-dependent upregulation of translation, as well as a shift of the cell population toward S-phase. NG2 ICD increases the active (phosphorylated) form of mTOR and modulates downstream signaling cascades, including increased phosphorylation of p70S6K1 and increased expression of eEF2. Strikingly, levels of FMRP, an RNA-binding protein that is regulated by mTOR/p70S6K1/eEF2 were decreased. In neurons, FMRP acts as a translational repressor under activity-dependent control and is mutated in Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). Knock-down of endogenous NG2 in primary OPC reduced translation and mTOR/p70S6K1 phosphorylation in Oli-neu. Here, we identify the NG2 ICD as a regulator of translation in OPCs via modulation of the well-established mTORC1 pathway. We show that FXS-related FMRP signaling is not exclusive to neurons but plays a role in OPCs. This provides a signal cascade in OPC which can be influenced by the neuronal network, since the NG2 ICD has been shown to be generated by constitutive as well as activity-dependent cleavage. Our results also elucidate a possible role of NG2 in tumors exhibiting enhanced rates of translation and rapid cell cycle kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoyita Nayak
- Department of Biology, Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Trotter
- Department of Biology, Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dominik Sakry
- Department of Biology, Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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Ryskalin L, Limanaqi F, Frati A, Busceti CL, Fornai F. mTOR-Related Brain Dysfunctions in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082226. [PMID: 30061532 PMCID: PMC6121884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an ubiquitously expressed serine-threonine kinase, which senses and integrates several intracellular and environmental cues to orchestrate major processes such as cell growth and metabolism. Altered mTOR signalling is associated with brain malformation and neurological disorders. Emerging evidence indicates that even subtle defects in the mTOR pathway may produce severe effects, which are evident as neurological and psychiatric disorders. On the other hand, administration of mTOR inhibitors may be beneficial for a variety of neuropsychiatric alterations encompassing neurodegeneration, brain tumors, brain ischemia, epilepsy, autism, mood disorders, drugs of abuse, and schizophrenia. mTOR has been widely implicated in synaptic plasticity and autophagy activation. This review addresses the role of mTOR-dependent autophagy dysfunction in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, to focus mainly on psychiatric syndromes including schizophrenia and drug addiction. For instance, amphetamines-induced addiction fairly overlaps with some neuropsychiatric disorders including neurodegeneration and schizophrenia. For this reason, in the present review, a special emphasis is placed on the role of mTOR on methamphetamine-induced brain alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Ryskalin
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fiona Limanaqi
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | - Francesco Fornai
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Isernia, Italy.
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McNeill RS, Canoutas DA, Stuhlmiller TJ, Dhruv HD, Irvin DM, Bash RE, Angus SP, Herring LE, Simon JM, Skinner KR, Limas JC, Chen X, Schmid RS, Siegel MB, Van Swearingen AED, Hadler MJ, Sulman EP, Sarkaria JN, Anders CK, Graves LM, Berens ME, Johnson GL, Miller CR. Combination therapy with potent PI3K and MAPK inhibitors overcomes adaptive kinome resistance to single agents in preclinical models of glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2018; 19:1469-1480. [PMID: 28379424 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. Prognosis remains poor despite multimodal therapy. Developing alternative treatments is essential. Drugs targeting kinases within the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) effectors of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling represent promising candidates. Methods We previously developed a non-germline genetically engineered mouse model of GBM in which PI3K and MAPK are activated via Pten deletion and KrasG12D in immortalized astrocytes. Using this model, we examined the influence of drug potency on target inhibition, alternate pathway activation, efficacy, and synergism of single agent and combination therapy with inhibitors of these 2 pathways. Efficacy was then examined in GBM patient-derived xenografts (PDX) in vitro and in vivo. Results PI3K and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor potency was directly associated with target inhibition, alternate RTK effector activation, and efficacy in mutant murine astrocytes in vitro. The kinomes of GBM PDX and tumor samples were heterogeneous, with a subset of the latter harboring MAPK hyperactivation. Dual PI3K/MEK inhibitor treatment overcame alternate effector activation, was synergistic in vitro, and was more effective than single agent therapy in subcutaneous murine allografts. However, efficacy in orthotopic allografts was minimal. This was likely due to dose-limiting toxicity and incomplete target inhibition. Conclusion Drug potency influences PI3K/MEK inhibitor-induced target inhibition, adaptive kinome reprogramming, efficacy, and synergy. Our findings suggest that combination therapies with highly potent, brain-penetrant kinase inhibitors will be required to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S McNeill
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Demitra A Canoutas
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy J Stuhlmiller
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Harshil D Dhruv
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David M Irvin
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ryan E Bash
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven P Angus
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Laura E Herring
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeremy M Simon
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kasey R Skinner
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Juanita C Limas
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xin Chen
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ralf S Schmid
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marni B Siegel
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Amanda E D Van Swearingen
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael J Hadler
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Erik P Sulman
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carey K Anders
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lee M Graves
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael E Berens
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gary L Johnson
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - C Ryan Miller
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Chen S, Fang Y, Xu S, Reis C, Zhang J. Mammalian Sterile20-like Kinases: Signalings and Roles in Central Nervous System. Aging Dis 2018; 9:537-552. [PMID: 29896440 PMCID: PMC5988607 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian Sterile20-like (MST) kinases are located upstream in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and play an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, renewal, polarization and migration. Generally, five MST kinases exist in mammalian signal transduction pathways, including MST1, MST2, MST3, MST4 and YSK1. The central nervous system (CNS) is a sophisticated entity that takes charge of information reception, integration and response. Recently, accumulating evidence proposes that MST kinases are critical in the development of disease in different systems involving the CNS. In this review, we summarized the signal transduction pathways and interacting proteins of MST kinases. The potential biological function of each MST kinase and the commonly reported MST-related diseases in the neural system are also reviewed. Further investigation of MST kinases and their interaction with CNS diseases would provide the medical community with new therapeutic targets for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenbin Xu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cesar Reis
- 2Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA.,3Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,4Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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48
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The mechanisms of malic enzyme 2 in the tumorigenesis of human gliomas. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41460-41472. [PMID: 27166188 PMCID: PMC5173072 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The high level of resistance of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) to currently used chemotherapies and other conventional therapies, its invasive characteristics and the presence of stem-like cells are the major factors that make the treatment of GBM difficult. Recent studies have demonstrated that the homeostasis of energy metabolism, glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidation of glucose are important for GBM cell growth and chemo-resistance. However, it is not clear which specific gene(s) are involved in the homeostasis of energy metabolism and invasiveness of GBM cells. We performed a preliminary analysis of data obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus profiles and determined that malic enzyme 2 (ME2) expression was positively associated with WHO grade in human primary gliomas. Hence, we evaluated the detailed working mechanisms of ME2 in human GBM cell processes, including proliferation, cell cycle, invasion, migration, ROS, and ATP production. Our data demonstrated that ME2 was involved in GBM growth, invasion and migration. ME2 has two cofactors, NAD+ or NADP+, which are used to produce NADH and NADPH for ATP production and ROS clearance, respectively. If the catalytic activity of ME2 is determined to be critical for its roles in GBM growth, invasion and migration, small molecule inhibitors of ME2 may be valuable drugs for GBM therapy. We hope that our current data provides a candidate treatment strategy for GBM.
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49
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Lian X, Gu J, Gao B, Li Y, Damodaran C, Wei W, Fu Y, Cai L. Fenofibrate inhibits mTOR-p70S6K signaling and simultaneously induces cell death in human prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:70-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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50
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Xu W, Bi Y, Kong J, Zhang J, Wang B, Li K, Tian M, Pan X, Shi B, Gu J, Jiang H, Kong X, Li Z. Combination of an anti-EGFRvIII antibody CH12 with Rapamycin synergistically inhibits the growth of EGFRvIII+PTEN-glioblastoma in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 7:24752-65. [PMID: 27029073 PMCID: PMC5029739 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There are still unmet medical needs for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and aggressive brain tumor worldwide. EGFRvIII, overexpressed in approximately 30% of GBM, has been regarded as a potential therapeutic target. In this study, we demonstrated that CH12, an anti-EGFRvIII monoclonal antibody, could significantly suppress the growth of EGFRvIII+ GBM in vivo; however, PTEN deficiency in GBM reduced the efficacy of CH12 by attenuating its effect on PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. To overcome this problem, CH12 was combined with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, leading to a synergistic inhibitory effect on EGFRvIII+PTEN− GBM in vivo. Mechanistically, the synergistic antitumor effect was achieved via attenuating EGFR and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway more effectively and reversing the STAT5 activation caused by rapamycin treatment. Moreover, the combination therapy suppressed angiogenesis and induced cancer cell apoptosis more efficiently. Together, these results indicated that CH12 and rapamycin could synergistically suppress the growth of EGFRvIII+PTEN− GBM, which might have a potential clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyu Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kesang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaorong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bizhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianren Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianming Kong
- Renji Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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