1
|
Afzal A, Afzal Z, Bizink S, Davis A, Makahleh S, Mohamed Y, Coniglio SJ. Phagocytosis Checkpoints in Glioblastoma: CD47 and Beyond. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7795-7811. [PMID: 39194679 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the deadliest human cancers with very limited treatment options available. The malignant behavior of GBM is manifested in a tumor which is highly invasive, resistant to standard cytotoxic chemotherapy, and strongly immunosuppressive. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently been introduced in the clinic and have yielded promising results in certain cancers. GBM, however, is largely refractory to these treatments. The immune checkpoint CD47 has recently gained attention as a potential target for intervention as it conveys a "don't eat me" signal to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) via the inhibitory SIRP alpha protein. In preclinical models, the administration of anti-CD47 monoclonal antibodies has shown impressive results with GBM and other tumor models. Several well-characterized oncogenic pathways have recently been shown to regulate CD47 expression in GBM cells and glioma stem cells (GSCs) including Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) beta catenin. Other macrophage pathways involved in regulating phagocytosis including TREM2 and glycan binding proteins are discussed as well. Finally, chimeric antigen receptor macrophages (CAR-Ms) could be leveraged for greatly enhancing the phagocytosis of GBM and repolarization of the microenvironment in general. Here, we comprehensively review the mechanisms that regulate the macrophage phagocytosis of GBM cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber Afzal
- School of Integrative Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Zobia Afzal
- School of Integrative Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Sophia Bizink
- School of Integrative Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Amanda Davis
- School of Integrative Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Sara Makahleh
- School of Integrative Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Yara Mohamed
- School of Integrative Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Salvatore J Coniglio
- School of Integrative Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tayanloo-Beik A, Eslami A, Sarvari M, Jalaeikhoo H, Rajaeinejad M, Nikandish M, Faridfar A, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Mafi AR, Larijani B, Arjmand B. Extracellular vesicles and cancer stem cells: a deadly duo in tumor progression. Oncol Rev 2024; 18:1411736. [PMID: 39091989 PMCID: PMC11291337 DOI: 10.3389/or.2024.1411736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of cancer is increasing, with estimates suggesting that there will be 26 million new cases and 17 million deaths per year by 2030. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key to the resistance and advancement of cancer. They play a crucial role in tumor dynamics and resistance to therapy. CSCs, initially discovered in acute myeloid leukemia, are well-known for their involvement in tumor initiation, progression, and relapse, mostly because of their distinct characteristics, such as resistance to drugs and the ability to self-renew. EVs, which include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, play a vital role in facilitating communication between cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). They have a significant impact on cellular behaviors and contribute to genetic and epigenetic changes. This paper analyzes the mutually beneficial association between CSCs and EVs, emphasizing their role in promoting tumor spread and developing resistance mechanisms. This review aims to investigate the interaction between these entities in order to discover new approaches for attacking the complex machinery of cancer cells. It highlights the significance of CSCs and EVs as crucial targets in the advancement of novel cancer treatments, which helps stimulate additional research, promote progress in ideas for cancer treatment, and provide renewed optimism in the effort to reduce the burden of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Eslami
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hasan Jalaeikhoo
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rajaeinejad
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Aja University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nikandish
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Faridfar
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Rezazadeh Mafi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li X, Zhang C, Yue W, Jiang Y. Modulatory effects of cancer stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles on the tumor immune microenvironment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1362120. [PMID: 38962016 PMCID: PMC11219812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), accounting for only a minor cell proportion (< 1%) within tumors, have profound implications in tumor initiation, metastasis, recurrence, and treatment resistance due to their inherent ability of self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation, and tumor-initiating potential. In recent years, accumulating studies indicate that CSCs and tumor immune microenvironment act reciprocally in driving tumor progression and diminishing the efficacy of cancer therapies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), pivotal mediators of intercellular communications, build indispensable biological connections between CSCs and immune cells. By transferring bioactive molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, EVs can exert mutual influence on both CSCs and immune cells. This interaction plays a significant role in reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment, creating conditions favorable for the sustenance and propagation of CSCs. Deciphering the intricate interplay between CSCs and immune cells would provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of CSCs being more susceptible to immune escape. This review will highlight the EV-mediated communications between CSCs and each immune cell lineage in the tumor microenvironment and explore potential therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuilian Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuening Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
White J, White MPJ, Wickremesekera A, Peng L, Gray C. The tumour microenvironment, treatment resistance and recurrence in glioblastoma. J Transl Med 2024; 22:540. [PMID: 38844944 PMCID: PMC11155041 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The adaptability of glioblastoma (GBM) cells, encouraged by complex interactions with the tumour microenvironment (TME), currently renders GBM an incurable cancer. Despite intensive research, with many clinical trials, GBM patients rely on standard treatments including surgery followed by radiation and chemotherapy, which have been observed to induce a more aggressive phenotype in recurrent tumours. This failure to improve treatments is undoubtedly a result of insufficient models which fail to incorporate components of the human brain TME. Research has increasingly uncovered mechanisms of tumour-TME interactions that correlate to worsened patient prognoses, including tumour-associated astrocyte mitochondrial transfer, neuronal circuit remodelling and immunosuppression. This tumour hijacked TME is highly implicated in driving therapy resistance, with further alterations within the TME and tumour resulting from therapy exposure inducing increased tumour growth and invasion. Recent developments improving organoid models, including aspects of the TME, are paving an exciting future for the research and drug development for GBM, with the hopes of improving patient survival growing closer. This review focuses on GBMs interactions with the TME and their effect on tumour pathology and treatment efficiency, with a look at challenges GBM models face in sufficiently recapitulating this complex and highly adaptive cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine White
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Newtown, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
| | | | - Agadha Wickremesekera
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Newtown, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Lifeng Peng
- Centre for Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand.
| | - Clint Gray
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Newtown, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand.
- Centre for Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lerouge L, Ruch A, Pierson J, Thomas N, Barberi-Heyob M. Non-targeted effects of radiation therapy for glioblastoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30813. [PMID: 38778925 PMCID: PMC11109805 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is recommended for the treatment of brain tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM) and brain metastases. Various curative and palliative scenarios suggest improved local-regional control. Although the underlying mechanisms are not yet clear, additional therapeutic effects have been described, including proximity and abscopal reactions at the treatment site. Clinical and preclinical data suggest that the immune system plays an essential role in regulating the non-targeted effects of radiotherapy for GBM. This article reviews current biological mechanisms for regulating the non-targeted effects caused by external and internal radiotherapy, and how they might be applied in a clinical context. Optimization of therapeutic regimens requires assessment of the complexity of the host immune system on the activity of immunosuppressive or immunostimulatory cells, such as glioma-associated macrophages and microglia. This article also discusses recent preclinical models adapted to post-radiotherapy responses. This narrative review explores and discusses the current status of immune responses both locally via the "bystander effect" and remotely via the "abscopal effect". Preclinical and clinical observations demonstrate that unirradiated cells, near or far from the irradiation site, can control the tumor response. Nevertheless, previous studies do not address the problem in its global context, and present gaps regarding the link between the role of the immune system in the control of non-targeted effects for different types of radiotherapy and different fractionation schemes applied to GBM. This narrative synthesis of the scientific literature should help to update and critique available preclinical and medical knowledge. Indirectly, it will help formulate new research projects based on the synthesis and interpretation of results from a non-systematic selection of published studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Lerouge
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, CRAN, UMR7039, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Aurélie Ruch
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, CRAN, UMR7039, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Julien Pierson
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, CRAN, UMR7039, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Noémie Thomas
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, CRAN, UMR7039, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Muriel Barberi-Heyob
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, CRAN, UMR7039, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Agosti E, Zeppieri M, Ghidoni M, Ius T, Tel A, Fontanella MM, Panciani PP. Role of glioma stem cells in promoting tumor chemo- and radioresistance: A systematic review of potential targeted treatments. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:604-614. [PMID: 38817336 PMCID: PMC11135247 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i5.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas pose a significant challenge to effective treatment despite advancements in chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Glioma stem cells (GSCs), a subset within tumors, contribute to resistance, tumor heterogeneity, and plasticity. Recent studies reveal GSCs' role in therapeutic resistance, driven by DNA repair mechanisms and dynamic transitions between cellular states. Resistance mechanisms can involve different cellular pathways, most of which have been recently reported in the literature. Despite progress, targeted therapeutic approaches lack consensus due to GSCs' high plasticity. AIM To analyze targeted therapies against GSC-mediated resistance to radio- and chemotherapy in gliomas, focusing on underlying mechanisms. METHODS A systematic search was conducted across major medical databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) up to September 30, 2023. The search strategy utilized relevant Medical Subject Heading terms and keywords related to including "glioma stem cells", "radiotherapy", "chemotherapy", "resistance", and "targeted therapies". Studies included in this review were publications focusing on targeted therapies against the molecular mechanism of GSC-mediated resistance to radiotherapy resistance (RTR). RESULTS In a comprehensive review of 66 studies on stem cell therapies for SCI, 452 papers were initially identified, with 203 chosen for full-text analysis. Among them, 201 were deemed eligible after excluding 168 for various reasons. The temporal breakdown of studies illustrates this trend: 2005-2010 (33.3%), 2011-2015 (36.4%), and 2016-2022 (30.3%). Key GSC models, particularly U87 (33.3%), U251 (15.2%), and T98G (15.2%), emerge as significant in research, reflecting their representativeness of glioma characteristics. Pathway analysis indicates a focus on phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (27.3%) and Notch (12.1%) pathways, suggesting their crucial roles in resistance development. Targeted molecules with mTOR (18.2%), CHK1/2 (15.2%), and ATP binding cassette G2 (12.1%) as frequent targets underscore their importance in overcoming GSC-mediated resistance. Various therapeutic agents, notably RNA inhibitor/short hairpin RNA (27.3%), inhibitors (e.g., LY294002, NVP-BEZ235) (24.2%), and monoclonal antibodies (e.g., cetuximab) (9.1%), demonstrate versatility in targeted therapies. among 20 studies (60.6%), the most common effect on the chemotherapy resistance response is a reduction in temozolomide resistance (51.5%), followed by reductions in carmustine resistance (9.1%) and doxorubicin resistance (3.0%), while resistance to RTR is reduced in 42.4% of studies. CONCLUSION GSCs play a complex role in mediating radioresistance and chemoresistance, emphasizing the necessity for precision therapies that consider the heterogeneity within the GSC population and the dynamic tumor microenvironment to enhance outcomes for glioblastoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Agosti
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy.
| | - Mattia Ghidoni
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Tamara Ius
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Head-Neck and NeuroScience, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tel
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Head-Neck and NeuroScience, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Marco Maria Fontanella
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Panciani
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nusraty S, Boddeti U, Zaghloul KA, Brown DA. Microglia in Glioblastomas: Molecular Insight and Immunotherapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1972. [PMID: 38893093 PMCID: PMC11171200 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and devastating primary brain tumors, with a median survival of 15 months following diagnosis. Despite the intense treatment regimen which routinely includes maximal safe neurosurgical resection followed by adjuvant radio- and chemotherapy, the disease remains uniformly fatal. The poor prognosis associated with GBM is multifactorial owing to factors such as increased proliferation, angiogenesis, and metabolic switching to glycolytic pathways. Critically, GBM-mediated local and systemic immunosuppression result in inadequate immune surveillance and ultimately, tumor-immune escape. Microglia-the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS)-play crucial roles in mediating the local immune response in the brain. Depending on the specific pathological cues, microglia are activated into either a pro-inflammatory, neurotoxic phenotype, known as M1, or an anti-inflammatory, regenerative phenotype, known as M2. In either case, microglia secrete corresponding pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that either promote or hinder tumor growth. Herein, we review the interplay between GBM cells and resident microglia with a focus on contemporary studies highlighting the effect of GBM on the subtypes of microglia expressed, the associated cytokines/chemokines secreted, and ultimately, their impact on tumor pathogenesis. Finally, we explore how understanding the intricacies of the tumor-immune landscape can inform novel immunotherapeutic strategies against this devastating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Desmond A. Brown
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.N.); (U.B.); (K.A.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lv W, Lin S, Zuo Z, Huang Z, Wang Y. Involvement of microglia-expressed MS4A6A in the onset of glioblastoma. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2836-2849. [PMID: 38488530 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the deadliest form of brain tumour, characterized by its low survival rate and grim prognosis. Cytokines released from glioma-associated microglia/macrophages are involved in establishing the tumour microenvironment, thereby crucially promoting GBM progression. MS4A6A polymorphism was confirmed to be associated with neurodegenerative and polymorphism disease pathobiology, but whether it participates in the regulation of GBM and the underlying mechanisms is still not elucidated. Here, we found that MS4A6A was significantly upregulated in GBM patient samples. The results from the single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) database and immunostaining demonstrated the specific expression of MS4A6A in microglial cells. In vitro, microglial overexpression of MS4A6A stimulated the proliferation and migration of glioblastoma cells. Moreover, high MS4A6A mRNA expression was related to poor prognosis in GBM patients. Our study highlights the potential of MS4A6A as a promising biomarker for GBM, which may provide novel strategies for its prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengyan Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenxing Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tenth people's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihui Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yalcin F, Haneke H, Efe IE, Kuhrt LD, Motta E, Nickl B, Flüh C, Synowitz M, Dzaye O, Bader M, Kettenmann H. Tumor associated microglia/macrophages utilize GPNMB to promote tumor growth and alter immune cell infiltration in glioma. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:50. [PMID: 38566120 PMCID: PMC10985997 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated microglia and blood-derived macrophages (TAMs) play a central role in modulating the immune suppressive microenvironment in glioma. Here, we show that GPNMB is predominantly expressed by TAMs in human glioblastoma multiforme and the murine RCAS-PDGFb high grade glioma model. Loss of GPNMB in the in vivo tumor microenvironment results in significantly smaller tumor volumes and generates a pro-inflammatory innate and adaptive immune cell microenvironment. The impact of host-derived GPNMB on tumor growth was confirmed in two distinct murine glioma cell lines in organotypic brain slices from GPNMB-KO and control mice. Using published data bases of human glioma, the elevated levels in TAMs could be confirmed and the GPNMB expression correlated with a poorer survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Yalcin
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hannah Haneke
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ibrahim E Efe
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonard D Kuhrt
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edyta Motta
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernadette Nickl
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Flüh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Synowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Omar Dzaye
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Salvato I, Marchini A. Immunotherapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Glioblastoma: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1276. [PMID: 38610954 PMCID: PMC11010873 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research and the best up-to-date treatments, grade 4 Glioblastoma (GBM) remains uniformly fatal with a patient median overall survival of less than 2 years. Recent advances in immunotherapy have reignited interest in utilizing immunological approaches to fight cancer. However, current immunotherapies have so far not met the anticipated expectations, achieving modest results in their journey from bench to bedside for the treatment of GBM. Understanding the intrinsic features of GBM is of crucial importance for the development of effective antitumoral strategies to improve patient life expectancy and conditions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the distinctive characteristics of GBM that significantly influence current conventional therapies and immune-based approaches. Moreover, we present an overview of the immunotherapeutic strategies currently undergoing clinical evaluation for GBM treatment, with a specific emphasis on those advancing to phase 3 clinical studies. These encompass immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T cell therapies, vaccination strategies (i.e., RNA-, DNA-, and peptide-based vaccines), and virus-based approaches. Finally, we explore novel innovative strategies and future prospects in the field of immunotherapy for GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Salvato
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics (LOVIT), Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Antonio Marchini
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics (LOVIT), Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rosito M, Maqbool J, Reccagni A, Giampaoli O, Sciubba F, Antonangeli F, Scavizzi F, Raspa M, Cordella F, Tondo L, Di Angelantonio S, Trettel F, Miccheli A, D'Alessandro G, Limatola C. Antibiotics treatment promotes vasculogenesis in the brain of glioma-bearing mice. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:210. [PMID: 38480690 PMCID: PMC10937980 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06578-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, several studies described the close relationship between the composition of gut microbiota and brain functions, highlighting the importance of gut-derived metabolites in mediating neuronal and glial cells cross-talk in physiological and pathological condition. Gut dysbiosis may affects cerebral tumors growth and progression, but the specific metabolites involved in this modulation have not been identified yet. Using a syngeneic mouse model of glioma, we have investigated the role of dysbiosis induced by the administration of non-absorbable antibiotics on mouse metabolome and on tumor microenvironment. We report that antibiotics treatment induced: (1) alteration of the gut and brain metabolome profiles; (2) modeling of tumor microenvironment toward a pro-angiogenic phenotype in which microglia and glioma cells are actively involved; (3) increased glioma stemness; (4) trans-differentiation of glioma cells into endothelial precursor cells, thus increasing vasculogenesis. We propose glycine as a metabolite that, in ABX-induced dysbiosis, shapes brain microenvironment and contributes to glioma growth and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nanoscience & Neuroscience Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Javeria Maqbool
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Reccagni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ottavia Giampaoli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Sciubba
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Antonangeli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Cordella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nanoscience & Neuroscience Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Tondo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nanoscience & Neuroscience Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Angelantonio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nanoscience & Neuroscience Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Trettel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Miccheli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina D'Alessandro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu P, Liu J, Liu J, Yu X. Investigating the mechanisms of drug resistance and prognosis in ovarian cancer using single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:4736-4758. [PMID: 38461424 PMCID: PMC10968697 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer stands as a prevalent malignancy within the realm of gynecology, and the emergence of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents remains a pivotal impediment to both prognosis and treatment. Through a single-cell level investigation, we scrutinize the drug resistance and mitotic activity of the core tumor cells in ovarian cancer. Our study revisits the interrelationships and temporal trajectories of distinct epithelial cells (EPCs) subpopulations, while identifying genes associated with ovarian cancer prognosis. Notably, our findings establish a strong association between the drug resistance of EPCs and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Subsequently, through subpopulation and temporal trajectory analysis, we confirm the intermediate position of EPCs subpopulation C0. Furthermore, we delve into the immunological functions and differentially expressed genes associated with the prognosis of C0, shedding light on the potential for constructing novel ovarian cancer prognosis models and identifying new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinxing Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang SSY. Advancing biomarker development for diagnostics and therapeutics using solid tumour cancer stem cell models. TUMORI JOURNAL 2024; 110:10-24. [PMID: 36964664 DOI: 10.1177/03008916231158411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell model hopes to explain solid tumour carcinogenesis, tumour progression and treatment failure in cancers. However, the cancer stem cell model has led to minimal clinical translation to cancer stem cell biomarkers and targeted therapies in solid tumours. Many reasons underlie the challenges, one being the imperfect understanding of the cancer stem cell model. This review hopes to spur further research into clinically translatable cancer stem cell biomarkers through first defining cancer stem cells and their associated models. With a better understanding of these models there would be a development of more accurate biomarkers. Making the clinical translation of biomarkers into diagnostic tools and therapeutic agents more feasible.
Collapse
|
14
|
Lima IS, Soares ÉN, Nonaka CKV, Souza BSDF, dos Santos BL, Costa SL. Flavonoid Rutin Presented Anti-Glioblastoma Activity Related to the Modulation of Onco miRNA-125b Expression and STAT3 Signaling and Impact on Microglia Inflammatory Profile. Brain Sci 2024; 14:90. [PMID: 38248305 PMCID: PMC10814059 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and treatment-resistant brain tumor. In the GBM microenvironment, interaction with microglia is associated with the dysregulation of cytokines, chemokines, and miRNAs, contributing to angiogenesis, proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and chemoresistance. The flavonoid rutin can inhibit glioma cell growth associated with microglial activation and production of pro-inflammatory mediators by mechanisms that are still poorly understood. The present study investigated the effect of rutin on viability, regulation of miRNA-125b, and the STAT3 expression in GBM cells, as well as the effects on the modulation of the inflammatory profile and STAT3 expression in microglia during indirect interaction with GBM cells. Human GL15-GBM cells and human C20 microglia were treated or not with rutin for 24 h. Rutin (30-50 μM) significantly reduced the viability of GL15 cells; however, it did not affect the viability of microglia. Rutin (30 μM) significantly reduced the expression of miRNA-125b in the cells and secretome and STAT3 expression. Microglia submitted to the conditioned medium from GBM cells treated with rutin showed reactive morphology associated with reduced expression of IL-6, TNF, and STAT3. These results reiterate the anti-glioma effects of the flavonoid, which may also modulate microglia towards a more responsive anti-tumor phenotype, constituting a promising molecule for adjuvant therapy to GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irlã Santos Lima
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, Brazil; (I.S.L.); (É.N.S.)
| | - Érica Novaes Soares
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, Brazil; (I.S.L.); (É.N.S.)
| | - Carolina Kymie Vasques Nonaka
- Center of Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, D’Or Institute for Research and Teaching (IDOR), Salvador 41253-190, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.S.d.F.S.)
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Center of Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, D’Or Institute for Research and Teaching (IDOR), Salvador 41253-190, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.S.d.F.S.)
| | - Balbino Lino dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, Brazil; (I.S.L.); (É.N.S.)
- College of Nursing, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, Brazil; (I.S.L.); (É.N.S.)
- National Institute of Translation Neuroscience (INNT), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Elguindy M, Young JS, Mondal I, Lu RO, Ho WS. Glioma-Immune Cell Crosstalk in Tumor Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:308. [PMID: 38254796 PMCID: PMC10813573 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioma progression is a complex process controlled by molecular factors that coordinate the crosstalk between tumor cells and components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Among these, immune cells play a critical role in cancer survival and progression. The complex interplay between cancer cells and the immune TME influences the outcome of immunotherapy and other anti-cancer therapies. Here, we present an updated view of the pro- and anti-tumor activities of the main myeloid and lymphocyte cell populations in the glioma TME. We review the underlying mechanisms involved in crosstalk between cancer cells and immune cells that enable gliomas to evade the immune system and co-opt these cells for tumor growth. Lastly, we discuss the current and experimental therapeutic options being developed to revert the immunosuppressive activity of the glioma TME. Knowledge of the complex interplay that elapses between tumor and immune cells may help develop new combination treatments able to overcome tumor immune evasion mechanisms and enhance response to immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Winson S. Ho
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nóbrega AHL, Pimentel RS, Prado AP, Garcia J, Frozza RL, Bernardi A. Neuroinflammation in Glioblastoma: The Role of the Microenvironment in Tumour Progression. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:579-594. [PMID: 38310461 DOI: 10.2174/0115680096265849231031101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) stands as the most aggressive and lethal among the main types of primary brain tumors. It exhibits malignant growth, infiltrating the brain tissue, and displaying resistance toward treatment. GBM is a complex disease characterized by high degrees of heterogeneity. During tumour growth, microglia and astrocytes, among other cells, infiltrate the tumour microenvironment and contribute extensively to gliomagenesis. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), either of peripheral origin or representing brain-intrinsic microglia, are the most numerous nonneoplastic populations in the tumour microenvironment in GBM. The complex heterogeneous nature of GBM cells is facilitated by the local inflammatory tumour microenvironment, which mostly induces tumour aggressiveness and drug resistance. The immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment of GBM provides multiple pathways for tumour immune evasion, contributing to tumour progression. Additionally, TAMs and astrocytes can contribute to tumour progression through the release of cytokines and activation of signalling pathways. In this review, we summarize the role of the microenvironment in GBM progression, focusing on neuroinflammation. These recent advancements in research of the microenvironment hold the potential to offer a promising approach to the treatment of GBM in the coming times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Sampaio Pimentel
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Prado
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
| | - Jenifer Garcia
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
| | - Rudimar Luiz Frozza
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
| | - Andressa Bernardi
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lorimer IAJ. Potential roles for efferocytosis in glioblastoma immune evasion. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdae012. [PMID: 38616895 PMCID: PMC11012614 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive and incurable brain cancer. This cancer establishes both local and systemic immunosuppression that creates a major obstacle to effective immunotherapies. Many studies point to tumor-resident myeloid cells (primarily microglia and macrophages) as key mediators of this immunosuppression. Myeloid cells exhibit a high level of plasticity with respect to their phenotype and are capable of both stimulating and repressing immune responses. How glioblastomas recruit myeloid cells and exploit them to avoid the immune system is an active area of research. Macrophages can acquire an immunosuppressive phenotype as a consequence of exposure to cytokines such as TGFB1 or IL4; in addition, macrophages can acquire an immunosuppressive phenotype as a consequence of the engulfment of apoptotic cells, a process referred to as efferocytosis. There is substantial evidence that glioblastoma cells are able to secrete cytokines and other factors that induce an immunosuppressive phenotype in macrophages and microglia. However, less is known about the contribution of efferocytosis to immunosuppression in glioblastoma. Here I review the literature in this area and discuss the potential of efferocytosis inhibition to improve glioblastoma response to immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian A J Lorimer
- Cancer Research Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bui I, Bonavida B. Polarization of M2 Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) in Cancer Immunotherapy. Crit Rev Oncog 2024; 29:75-95. [PMID: 38989739 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2024053830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
We have witnessed in the last decade new milestones in the treatment of various resistant cancers with new immunotherapeutic modalities. These advances have resulted in significant objective durable clinical responses in a subset of cancer patients. These findings strongly suggested that immunotherapy should be considered for the treatment of all subsets of cancer patients. Accordingly, the mechanisms underlying resistance to immunotherapy must be explored and develop new means to target these resistant factors. One of the pivotal resistance mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is the high infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that are highly immunosuppressive and responsible, in large part, of cancer immune evasion. Thus, various approaches have been investigated to target the TAMs to restore the anti-tumor immune response. One approach is to polarize the M2 TAMS to the M1 phenotype that participates in the activation of the anti-tumor response. In this review, we discuss the various and differential properties of the M1 and M2 phenotypes, the molecular signaling pathways that participate in the polarization, and various approaches used to target the polarization of the M2 TAMs into the M1 anti-tumor phenotype. These approaches include inhibitors of histone deacetylases, PI3K inhibitors, STAT3 inhibitors, TLR agonists, and metabolic reprogramming. Clearly, due to the distinct features of various cancers and their heterogeneities, a single approach outlined above might only be effective against some cancers and not others. In addition, targeting by itself may not be efficacious unless used in combination with other therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indy Bui
- University of California Los Angeles
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Johnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025-1747, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Borlongan MC, Saha D, Wang H. Tumor Microenvironment: A Niche for Cancer Stem Cell Immunotherapy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:3-24. [PMID: 37861969 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Tumorigenic Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), often called tumor-initiating cells (TICs), represent a unique subset of cells within the tumor milieu. They stand apart from the bulk of tumor cells due to their exceptional self-renewal, metastatic, and differentiation capabilities. Despite significant progress in classifying CSCs, these cells remain notably resilient to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, contributing to cancer recurrence. In this review, our objective is to explore novel avenues of research that delve into the distinctive characteristics of CSCs within their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME). We will start with an overview of the defining features of CSCs and then delve into their intricate interactions with cells from the lymphoid lineage, namely T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Furthermore, we will discuss their dynamic interplay with myeloid lineage cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Moreover, we will illuminate the crosstalk between CSCs and cells of mesenchymal origin, specifically fibroblasts, adipocytes, and endothelial cells. Subsequently, we will underscore the pivotal role of CSCs within the context of the tumor-associated extracellular matrix (ECM). Finally, we will highlight pre-clinical and clinical studies that target CSCs within the intricate landscape of the TME, including CAR-T therapy, oncolytic viruses, and CSC-vaccines, with the ultimate goal of uncovering novel avenues for CSC-based cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mia C Borlongan
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA
| | - Dipongkor Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA.
| | - Hongbin Wang
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA.
- Master Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Graduate Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Science College of Medicine, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Long Y, Li XQ, Deng J, Ye QB, Li D, Ma Y, Wu YY, Hu Y, He XF, Wen J, Shi A, Yu S, Shen L, Ye Z, Zheng C, Li N. Modulating the polarization phenotype of microglia - A valuable strategy for central nervous system diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102160. [PMID: 38065225 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases have become one of the leading causes of death in the global population. The pathogenesis of CNS diseases is complicated, so it is important to find the patterns of the disease to improve the treatment strategy. Microglia are considered to be a double-edged sword, playing both harmful and beneficial roles in CNS diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the progression of the disease and the changes in the polar phenotype of microglia to provide guidance in the treatment of CNS diseases. Microglia activation may evolve into different phenotypes: M1 and M2 types. We focused on the roles that M1 and M2 microglia play in regulating intercellular dialogues, pathological reactions and specific diseases in CNS diseases. Importantly, we summarized the strategies used to modulate the polarization phenotype of microglia, including traditional pharmacological modulation, biological therapies, and physical strategies. This review will contribute to the development of potential strategies to modulate microglia polarization phenotypes and provide new alternative therapies for CNS diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiao-Qiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qiao-Bo Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiao-Fang He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shuang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lin Shen
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhen Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Basak U, Sarkar T, Mukherjee S, Chakraborty S, Dutta A, Dutta S, Nayak D, Kaushik S, Das T, Sa G. Tumor-associated macrophages: an effective player of the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1295257. [PMID: 38035101 PMCID: PMC10687432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1295257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is primarily caused by interactions between transformed cells and the components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). TAMs (tumor-associated macrophages) make up the majority of the invading immune components, which are further categorized as anti-tumor M1 and pro-tumor M2 subtypes. While M1 is known to have anti-cancer properties, M2 is recognized to extend a protective role to the tumor. As a result, the tumor manipulates the TME in such a way that it induces macrophage infiltration and M1 to M2 switching bias to secure its survival. This M2-TAM bias in the TME promotes cancer cell proliferation, neoangiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, matrix remodeling for metastatic support, and TME manipulation to an immunosuppressive state. TAMs additionally promote the emergence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are known for their ability to originate, metastasize, and relapse into tumors. CSCs also help M2-TAM by revealing immune escape and survival strategies during the initiation and relapse phases. This review describes the reasons for immunotherapy failure and, thereby, devises better strategies to impair the tumor-TAM crosstalk. This study will shed light on the understudied TAM-mediated tumor progression and address the much-needed holistic approach to anti-cancer therapy, which encompasses targeting cancer cells, CSCs, and TAMs all at the same time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udit Basak
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Tania Sarkar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Sumon Mukherjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Apratim Dutta
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Saikat Dutta
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Debadatta Nayak
- Central Council for Research in Homeopathy (CCRH), New Delhi, India
| | - Subhash Kaushik
- Central Council for Research in Homeopathy (CCRH), New Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Das
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Gaurisankar Sa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li Y, Yang B, Miao H, Liu L, Wang Z, Jiang C, Yang Y, Qiu S, Li X, Geng Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Nicotinamide N -methyltransferase promotes M2 macrophage polarization by IL6 and MDSC conversion by GM-CSF in gallbladder carcinoma. Hepatology 2023; 78:1352-1367. [PMID: 36633260 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nicotinamide N -methyltransferase (NNMT), an enzyme responsible for the methylation of nicotinamide, is involved in many metabolic pathways in adipose tissue and the liver. However, the role of NNMT in editing the tumor immune microenvironment is not well understood. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we identified that NNMT can promote IL6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expression by decreasing the tri-methyl-histone H3 levels on the promoters of IL6 and CSF2 (encoding GM-CSF) and CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein, an essential transcription factor for IL6 expression, thus promoting differentiation of macrophages into M2 type tumor-associated macrophages and generation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Treatment of xenografted tumor models overexpressing NNMT gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) cells with the NNMT inhibitor JBSNF-000088 resulted in compromised tumor development and decreased expression levels of IL6, GM-CSF, tumor-associated macrophage marker CD206, and myeloid-derived suppressor cell marker CD33 but increased expression levels of CD8. In addition, elevated expression of NNMT in tumors of patients with GBC was correlated with increased expression levels of CD206 and CD33 but with decreased levels of CD8 and survival of patients. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight the critical role of NNMT in GBC progression. Inhibition of NNMT by JBSNF-000088 is a potential molecular target for GBC immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijie Miao
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liguo Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengkai Jiang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shimei Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuechuan Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Geng
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fan H, Song L, Fan J, Ma J, Li X, Zhang J, Hu J, Wu Z, Zhang D, Wang L. Decoding meningioma heterogeneity and neoplastic cell-macrophage interaction through single-cell transcriptome profiling across pathological grades. J Transl Med 2023; 21:751. [PMID: 37880655 PMCID: PMC10599053 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analyzing meningioma of distinct pathological types at the single-cell level can provide new and valuable insights into the specific biological mechanisms of each cellular subpopulation, as well as their vital interplay within the tumor microenvironment. METHODS We recruited patients diagnosed with four distinct types of meningioma and performed single-cell RNA sequencing on their tumor samples, concurrently analyzing a publicly available dataset for comparison. Next, we separated the cells into discrete clusters and identified their unique identities. Using pseudotime analysis, we demonstrated cellular differentiation and dynamics. To investigate biological function, we employed weighted gene co-expression network analysis, gene regulatory network, and gene set enrichment analysis. Additionally, we conducted cell-cell communication analyses to characterize interactions among different clusters and validated a crucial interaction using multiple immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The single-cell transcriptomic profiles for five meningioma of different pathological types demonstrated that neoplastic cells exhibited high inter-sample heterogeneity and diverse biological functions featured by metabolic regulation. A small cluster of neoplastic cells (N5 cluster, < 3%) was most proliferative, indicated by high expression of MKI67 and TOP2A. They were primarily observed in our atypical and transitional meningioma samples and located at the beginning of the pseudotime differentiation branch for neoplastic cells. Macrophages, the most abundant immune cells present, showed two distinct developmental trajectories, one promoting and the other suppressing meningioma growth, with the MIF-CD74 interaction serving as the primary signaling pathway for MIF signals in the tumor environment. Unexpectedly, despite its small cluster size, the N5 cluster demonstrated a significant contribution in this interaction. By staining pathological sections of more samples, we found that this interaction was widely present in different types of meningiomas. CONCLUSIONS Meningioma neoplastic cells' diverse types cause inter-sample heterogeneity and a wide range of functions. Some proliferative neoplastic cell may educate macrophages, which promotes tumorigenesis possibly through the MIF-CD74 interaction. It provides novel clues for future potential therapeutic avenues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lairong Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jian Fan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Urological Cancer Center, Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junpeng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Junting Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054-1901, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77225-0334, USA
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Dake Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Messiaen J, Jacobs SA, De Smet F. The tumor micro-environment in pediatric glioma: friend or foe? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1227126. [PMID: 37901250 PMCID: PMC10611473 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1227126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality related to cancer in children, where high-grade glioma harbor the worst prognosis. It has become obvious that pediatric glioma differs significantly from their adult counterparts, rendering extrapolations difficult. Curative options for several types of glioma are lacking, albeit ongoing research efforts and clinical trials. As already proven in the past, inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity plays an important role in the resistance to therapy and thus implicates morbidity and mortality for these patients. However, while less studied, the tumor micro-environment (TME) adds another level of heterogeneity. Knowledge gaps exist on how the TME interacts with the tumor cells and how the location of the various cell types in the TME influences tumor growth and the response to treatment. Some studies identified the presence of several (immune) cell types as prognostic factors, but often lack a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms, possibly leading to contradictory findings. Although the TME in pediatric glioma is regarded as "cold", several treatment options are emerging, with the TME being the primary target of treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to study the TME of pediatric glioma, so that the interactions between TME, tumoral cells and therapeutics can be better understood before, during and after treatment. In this review, we provide an overview of the available insights into the composition and role of the TME across different types of pediatric glioma. Moreover, where possible, we provide a framework on how a particular TME may influence responses to conventional- and/or immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Messiaen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra A. Jacobs
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Pediatric Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederik De Smet
- Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li YR, Fang Y, Lyu Z, Zhu Y, Yang L. Exploring the dynamic interplay between cancer stem cells and the tumor microenvironment: implications for novel therapeutic strategies. J Transl Med 2023; 21:686. [PMID: 37784157 PMCID: PMC10546755 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as key contributors to tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis. In addition, CSCs play a significant role in inducing immune evasion, thereby compromising the effectiveness of cancer treatments. The reciprocal communication between CSCs and the tumor microenvironment (TME) is observed, with the TME providing a supportive niche for CSC survival and self-renewal, while CSCs, in turn, influence the polarization and persistence of the TME, promoting an immunosuppressive state. Consequently, these interactions hinder the efficacy of current cancer therapies, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic approaches to modulate the TME and target CSCs. In this review, we highlight the intricate strategies employed by CSCs to evade immune surveillance and develop resistance to therapies. Furthermore, we examine the dynamic interplay between CSCs and the TME, shedding light on how this interaction impacts cancer progression. Moreover, we provide an overview of advanced therapeutic strategies that specifically target CSCs and the TME, which hold promise for future clinical and translational studies in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zibai Lyu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yichen Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ge Z, Zhang Q, Lin W, Jiang X, Zhang Y. The role of angiogenic growth factors in the immune microenvironment of glioma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1254694. [PMID: 37790751 PMCID: PMC10542410 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1254694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic growth factors (AGFs) are a class of secreted cytokines related to angiogenesis that mainly include vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and angiopoietins (ANGs). Accumulating evidence indicates that the role of AGFs is not only limited to tumor angiogenesis but also participating in tumor progression by other mechanisms that go beyond their angiogenic role. AGFs were shown to be upregulated in the glioma microenvironment characterized by extensive angiogenesis and high immunosuppression. AGFs produced by tumor and stromal cells can exert an immunomodulatory role in the glioma microenvironment by interacting with immune cells. This review aims to sum up the interactions among AGFs, immune cells and cancer cells with a particular emphasis on glioma and tries to provide new perspectives for understanding the glioma immune microenvironment and in-depth explorations for anti-glioma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaofan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang L, Jiang Y, Zhang G, Wei S. The diversity and dynamics of tumor-associated macrophages in recurrent glioblastoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238233. [PMID: 37731483 PMCID: PMC10507272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous efforts to exploit effective therapeutic strategies, most glioblastoma (GBM) inevitably relapse and become resistant to therapies, including radiotherapy and immunotherapy. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of recurrent GBM (rGBM) is highly immunosuppressive, dominated by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs consist of tissue-resident microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), which are essential for favoring tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, immune suppression, and therapeutic resistance; however, restricted by the absence of potent methods, the heterogeneity and plasticity of TAMs in rGBM remain incompletely investigated. Recent application of single-cell technologies, such as single-cell RNA-sequencing has enabled us to decipher the unforeseen diversity and dynamics of TAMs and to identify new subsets of TAMs which regulate anti-tumor immunity. Here, we first review hallmarks of the TME, progress and challenges of immunotherapy, and the biology of TAMs in the context of rGBM, including their origins, categories, and functions. Next, from a single-cell perspective, we highlight recent findings regarding the distinctions between tissue-resident microglia and MDMs, the identification and characterization of specific TAM subsets, and the dynamic alterations of TAMs during tumor progression and treatment. Last, we briefly discuss the potential of TAM-targeted strategies for combination immunotherapy in rGBM. We anticipate the comprehensive understanding of the diversity and dynamics of TAMs in rGBM will shed light on further improvement of immunotherapeutic efficacy in rGBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Zhang
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gao Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shiyou Wei
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tao JC, Yu D, Shao W, Zhou DR, Wang Y, Hou SQ, Deng K, Lin N. Interactions between microglia and glioma in tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1236268. [PMID: 37700840 PMCID: PMC10493873 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1236268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, the most prevalent primary tumors in the central nervous system, are marked by their immunosuppressive properties and consequent poor patient prognosis. Current evidence emphasizes the pivotal role of the tumor microenvironment in the progression of gliomas, largely attributed to tumor-associated macrophages (brain-resident microglia and bone marrow-derived macrophages) that create a tumor microenvironment conducive to the growth and invasion of tumor cells. Yet, distinguishing between these two cell subgroups remains a challenge. Thus, our review starts by analyzing the heterogeneity between these two cell subsets, then places emphasis on elucidating the complex interactions between microglia and glioma cells. Finally, we conclude with a summary of current attempts at immunotherapy that target microglia. However, given that independent research on microglia is still in its initial stages and has many shortcomings at the present time, we express our related concerns and hope that further research will be carried out to address these issues in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cheng Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, Anhui, China
| | - Dong-Rui Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, Anhui, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, Anhui, China
| | - Ke Deng
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Norton ES, Whaley LA, Jones VK, Brooks MM, Russo MN, Morderer D, Jessen E, Schiapparelli P, Ramos-Fresnedo A, Zarco N, Carrano A, Rossoll W, Asmann YW, Lam TT, Chaichana KL, Anastasiadis PZ, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Guerrero-Cázares H. Cell-specific crosstalk proteomics reveals cathepsin B signaling as a driver of glioblastoma malignancy near the subventricular zone. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.19.553966. [PMID: 37662251 PMCID: PMC10473635 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.19.553966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor. GBM proximal to the lateral ventricles (LVs) is more aggressive, potentially due to subventricular zone (SVZ) contact. Despite this, crosstalk between GBM and neural stem/progenitor cells (NSC/NPCs) is not well understood. Using cell-specific proteomics, we show that LV-proximal GBM prevents neuronal maturation of NSCs through induction of senescence. Additionally, GBM brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs) increase expression of CTSB upon interaction with NPCs. Lentiviral knockdown and recombinant protein experiments reveal both cell-intrinsic and soluble CTSB promote malignancy-associated phenotypes in BTICs. Soluble CTSB stalls neuronal maturation in NPCs while promoting senescence, providing a link between LV-tumor proximity and neurogenesis disruption. Finally, we show LV-proximal CTSB upregulation in patients, showing the relevance of this crosstalk in human GBM biology. These results demonstrate the value of proteomic analysis in tumor microenvironment research and provide direction for new therapeutic strategies in GBM. Highlights Periventricular GBM is more malignant and disrupts neurogenesis in a rodent model.Cell-specific proteomics elucidates tumor-promoting crosstalk between GBM and NPCs.NPCs induce upregulated CTSB expression in GBM, promoting tumor progression.GBM stalls neurogenesis and promotes NPC senescence via CTSB.
Collapse
|
30
|
Gong Y, Ke Y, Yu Z, Pan J, Zhou X, Jiang Y, Zhou M, Zeng H, Geng X, Hu G. Identified RP2 as a prognostic biomarker for glioma, facilitating glioma pathogenesis mainly via regulating tumor immunity. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8155-8184. [PMID: 37602882 PMCID: PMC10497014 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor in the central nervous system, with a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis, easy to recur, difficult to cure. The mutation of Retinitis Pigmentosa 2 (RP2) can cause retinitis pigmentosa, it is a prognostic factor of osteosarcoma, however, its role in glioma remains unclear. Based on the data from TCGA and GTEx, we identified RP2 as the most related gene for glioma by WGCNA, and used a series of bioinformatics analyses including LinkedOmics, GSCA, CTD, and so on, to explore the expression of RP2 in glioma and the biological functions it is involved in. The results showed that RP2 was highly expressed in glioma, and its overexpression could lead to poor prognosis. In addition, the results of enrichment analysis showed that RP2 was highly correlated with cell proliferation and immune response. And then, we found significant enrichment of Macrophages among immune cells. Furthermore, our experiments have confirmed that Macrophages can promote the development of glioma by secreting or influencing the secretion of some cytokines. Moreover, we investigated the influence of RP2 on the immunotherapy of glioma and the role of m6A modification in the influence of RP2 on glioma. Ultimately, we determined that RP2 is an independent prognostic factor that is mainly closely related to immune for glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yun Ke
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Zichuan Yu
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Jingying Pan
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xuanrui Zhou
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yike Jiang
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Minqin Zhou
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xitong Geng
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Guowen Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sabahi M, Salehipour A, Bazl MSY, Rezaei N, Mansouri A, Borghei-Razavi H. Local immunotherapy of glioblastoma: A comprehensive review of the concept. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 381:578146. [PMID: 37451079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite advancements in standard treatments, the prognosis of Glioblastoma (GBM) remains poor, prompting research for novel therapies. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment option for GBM, and many immunotherapeutic agents are currently under investigation. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are rapidly evolving in immunotherapy of GBM with many clinical trials showing efficacy of CAR T cells exerting anti-tumor activity following recognition of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Exhaustion in CAR T cells can reduce their capacity for long-term persistence and anti-tumor action. Local immunotherapy, which targets the tumor microenvironment and creates a more hospitable immunological environment for CAR T cells, has the potential to reduce CAR T cell exhaustion and increase immunity. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopic lymphoid-like formations that can develop within the tumor microenvironment or in other non-lymphoid tissues. As a comprehensive local immunotherapy tool, the incorporation of TLS into an implanted biodegradable scaffold has amazing immunotherapeutic potential. The immune response to GBM can be improved even further by strategically inserting a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist into the scaffold. Additionally, the scaffold's addition of glioma stem cells (GSC), which immunotherapeutic approaches may use to target, enhances the removal of cancer cells from their source. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that GSCs have an impact on TLS formation, which helps to create a favorable tumor microenvironment. Herein, we overview local delivery of a highly specific tandem AND-gate CAR T cell along with above mentioned components. A multifaceted approach that successfully engages the immune system to mount an efficient targeted immune response against GBM is provided by the integration of CAR T cells, TLS, STING agonists, and GSCs within an implantable biodegradable scaffold. This approach offers a promising therapeutic approach for patients with GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadmahdi Sabahi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Pauline Braathen Neurological Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA.
| | - Arash Salehipour
- Neurosurgery Research Group (NRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Sajjad Yavari Bazl
- Neurosurgery Research Group (NRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Mansouri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Hamid Borghei-Razavi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Pauline Braathen Neurological Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yang X, Ji C, Qi Y, Huang J, Hu L, Zhou Y, Zou L, Xia Y, Tan F, Yao Y, Chen D. Signal-transducing adaptor protein 1 (STAP1) in microglia promotes the malignant progression of glioma. J Neurooncol 2023; 164:127-139. [PMID: 37462801 PMCID: PMC10462508 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most malignant primary brain tumor with a poor survival time. The tumour microenvironment, especially glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs), plays an important role in the pathogenesis of glioma. Currently, microglia (CD11b+/CD45Low) and macrophages (CD11b+/CD45High) are distinguished as distinct cell types due to their different origins. Moreover, signal-transducing adaptor protein 1 (STAP1) plays a role in tumourigenesis and immune responses. However, to date, no studies have been reported on STAP1 in GAMs. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas databases were used to investigate the association between STAP1 mRNA levels and clinical parameters (grades, mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase, and overall survival). RNA-sequencing, qRT-PCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to detect the expression level of STAP1 and related proteins. BV-2 cells were used to construct a STAP1-overexpressing cell line. Phagocytosis of BV-2 cells was assessed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. C57BL/6 mice were used to establish orthotopic and subcutaneous glioma mouse models. Glioma growth was monitored by bioluminescence imaging. RESULTS STAP1 expression in glioma-associated microglia is positively correlated with the degree of malignancy and poor prognosis of glioma. Moreover, STAP1 may promote M2-like polarisation by increasing ARG1 expression and inhibiting microglial phagocytosis of microglia. Increased ARG1 may be associated with the IL-6/STAT3 pathway. Impaired phagocytosis may be associated with decreased cofilin and filopodia. CONCLUSION STAP1 is positively associated with the degree of glioma malignancy and may represent a potential novel therapeutic target for glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxia Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Lang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Zou
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Xia
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Tan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
- Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
- Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sooreshjani M, Tripathi S, Dussold C, Najem H, de Groot J, Lukas RV, Heimberger AB. The Use of Targeted Cytokines as Cancer Therapeutics in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3739. [PMID: 37509400 PMCID: PMC10378451 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play an important role in regulating the immune response. Although there is great interest in exploiting cytokines for cancer immunotherapy, their clinical potential is limited by their pleiotropic properties and instability. A variety of cancer cell-intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics pose a barrier to effective treatments including cytokines. Recent studies using gene and cell therapy offer new opportunities for targeting cytokines or their receptors, demonstrating that they are actionable targets. Current efforts such as virotherapy, systemic cytokine therapy, and cellular and gene therapy have provided novel strategies that incorporate cytokines as potential therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma. Ongoing research on characterizing the tumor microenvironment will be informative for prioritization and combinatorial strategies of cytokines for future clinical trials. Unique therapeutic opportunities exist at the convergence of cytokines that play a dual role in tumorigenesis and immune modulation. Here, we discuss the underlying strategies in pre- and clinical trials aiming to enhance treatment outcomes in glioblastoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moloud Sooreshjani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shashwat Tripathi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Corey Dussold
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hinda Najem
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John de Groot
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Rimas V. Lukas
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Biomedical Research Center, 303 E. Superior Street, 6-516, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nelson TA, Dietrich J. Investigational treatment strategies in glioblastoma: progress made and barriers to success. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:921-930. [PMID: 37796104 PMCID: PMC10764117 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2267982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype (IDHwt), remains an incurable disease despite considerable research effort. The current standard of care since 2005 comprises maximal safe resection followed by radiation with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide; more recently, the addition of tumor treating fields was approved in the newly diagnosed and recurrent disease settings. AREAS COVERED Searches of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov provided a foundation for this review. We first describe early research including carmustine wafers, brachytherapy, anti-angiogenesis, and immune checkpoint inhibition for glioblastoma. Next, we discuss challenges precluding the translation of preclinical successes. This is followed by a description of promising treatments such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy as well as the recent qualified successes of cancer vaccinations. Non-immunotherapy trials are also highlighted, and ongoing or pending phase 2 and 3 clinical trials are codified in study tables. EXPERT OPINION Unfortunately, hundreds of trials, including of agents effective in systemic malignancy, have not drastically changed management of glioblastoma. This may reflect unique resistance mechanisms and highlights a need for multimodality treatments beyond surgery, radiation, and conventional chemotherapy. Novel techniques, such as those in the emerging field of cancer neuroscience, may help uncover tolerable and effective regimens for this lethal malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Nelson
- Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Eckerdt F, Platanias LC. Emerging Role of Glioma Stem Cells in Mechanisms of Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3458. [PMID: 37444568 PMCID: PMC10340782 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery at the beginning of this millennium, glioma stem cells (GSCs) have sparked extensive research and an energetic scientific debate about their contribution to glioblastoma (GBM) initiation, progression, relapse, and resistance. Different molecular subtypes of GBM coexist within the same tumor, and they display differential sensitivity to chemotherapy. GSCs contribute to tumor heterogeneity and recapitulate pathway alterations described for the three GBM subtypes found in patients. GSCs show a high degree of plasticity, allowing for interconversion between different molecular GBM subtypes, with distinct proliferative potential, and different degrees of self-renewal and differentiation. This high degree of plasticity permits adaptation to the environmental changes introduced by chemo- and radiation therapy. Evidence from mouse models indicates that GSCs repopulate brain tumors after therapeutic intervention, and due to GSC plasticity, they reconstitute heterogeneity in recurrent tumors. GSCs are also inherently resilient to standard-of-care therapy, and mechanisms of resistance include enhanced DNA damage repair, MGMT promoter demethylation, autophagy, impaired induction of apoptosis, metabolic adaptation, chemoresistance, and immune evasion. The remarkable oncogenic properties of GSCs have inspired considerable interest in better understanding GSC biology and functions, as they might represent attractive targets to advance the currently limited therapeutic options for GBM patients. This has raised expectations for the development of novel targeted therapeutic approaches, including targeting GSC plasticity, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cells, and oncolytic viruses. In this review, we focus on the role of GSCs as drivers of GBM and therapy resistance, and we discuss how insights into GSC biology and plasticity might advance GSC-directed curative approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Eckerdt
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Leonidas C. Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Medicine Service, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Boylan J, Byers E, Kelly DF. The Glioblastoma Landscape: Hallmarks of Disease, Therapeutic Resistance, and Treatment Opportunities. MEDICAL RESEARCH ARCHIVES 2023; 11:10.18103/mra.v11i6.3994. [PMID: 38107346 PMCID: PMC10723753 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i6.3994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors are aggressive and difficult to treat. Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal form of primary brain tumor, often found in patients with no genetic predisposition. The median life expectancy for individuals diagnosed with this condition is 6 months to 2 years and there is no known cure. New paradigms in cancer biology implicate a small subset of tumor cells in initiating and sustaining these incurable brain tumors. Here, we discuss the heterogenous nature of glioblastoma and theories behind its capacity for therapy resistance and recurrence. Within the cancer landscape, cancer stem cells are thought to be both tumor initiators and major contributors to tumor heterogeneity and therapy evasion and such cells have been identified in glioblastoma. At the cellular level, disruptions in the delicate balance between differentiation and self-renewal spur transformation and support tumor growth. While rapidly dividing cells are more sensitive to elimination by traditional treatments, glioblastoma stem cells evade these measures through slow division and reversible exit from the cell cycle. At the molecular level, glioblastoma tumor cells exploit several signaling pathways to evade conventional therapies through improved DNA repair mechanisms and a flexible state of senescence. We examine these common evasion techniques while discussing potential molecular approaches to better target these deadly tumors. Equally important, the presented information encourages the idea of augmenting conventional treatments with novel glioblastoma stem cell-directed therapies, as eliminating these harmful progenitors holds great potential to modulate tumor recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Boylan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Structural Oncology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences Graduate Program, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Elizabeth Byers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences Graduate Program, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Deborah F. Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Structural Oncology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Toedebusch RG, Wei NW, Simafranca KT, Furth-Jacobus JA, Brust-Mascher I, Stewart SL, Dickinson PJ, Woolard KD, Li CF, Vernau KM, Meyers FJ, Toedebusch CM. Intra- and Intertumoral Microglia/Macrophage Infiltration and Their Associated Molecular Signature Is Highly Variable in Canine Oligodendroglioma: A Preliminary Evaluation. Vet Sci 2023; 10:403. [PMID: 37368789 PMCID: PMC10303632 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to define the glioma-associated microglia/macrophage (GAM) response and associated molecular landscape in canine oligodendrogliomas. Here, we quantified the intratumoral GAM density of low- and high-grade oligodendrogliomas compared to that of a normal brain, as well as the intratumoral concentration of several known GAM-derived pro-tumorigenic molecules in high-grade oligodendrogliomas compared to that in a normal brain. Our analysis demonstrated marked intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity of GAM infiltration. Correspondingly, we observed significant variability in the intratumoral concentrations of several GAM-associated molecules, unlike what we previously observed in high-grade astrocytomas. However, high-grade oligodendroglioma tumor homogenates (n = 6) exhibited an increase in the pro-tumorigenic molecules hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as we observed in high-grade astrocytomas. Moreover, neoplastic oligodendrocytes displayed robust expression of GAL-3, a chimeric galectin implicated in driving immunosuppression in human glioblastoma. While this work identifies shared putative therapeutic targets across canine glioma subtypes (HGFR, GAL-3), it highlights several key differences in the immune landscape. Therefore, a continued effort to develop a comprehensive understanding of the immune microenvironment within each subtype is necessary to inform therapeutic strategies going forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G. Toedebusch
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.G.T.); (N.-W.W.); (K.T.S.); (J.A.F.-J.); (P.J.D.); (C.-F.L.); (K.M.V.)
| | - Ning-Wei Wei
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.G.T.); (N.-W.W.); (K.T.S.); (J.A.F.-J.); (P.J.D.); (C.-F.L.); (K.M.V.)
| | - Kulani T. Simafranca
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.G.T.); (N.-W.W.); (K.T.S.); (J.A.F.-J.); (P.J.D.); (C.-F.L.); (K.M.V.)
| | - Jennie A. Furth-Jacobus
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.G.T.); (N.-W.W.); (K.T.S.); (J.A.F.-J.); (P.J.D.); (C.-F.L.); (K.M.V.)
| | - Ingrid Brust-Mascher
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Susan L. Stewart
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Peter J. Dickinson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.G.T.); (N.-W.W.); (K.T.S.); (J.A.F.-J.); (P.J.D.); (C.-F.L.); (K.M.V.)
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Kevin D. Woolard
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Chai-Fei Li
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.G.T.); (N.-W.W.); (K.T.S.); (J.A.F.-J.); (P.J.D.); (C.-F.L.); (K.M.V.)
| | - Karen M. Vernau
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.G.T.); (N.-W.W.); (K.T.S.); (J.A.F.-J.); (P.J.D.); (C.-F.L.); (K.M.V.)
| | - Frederick J. Meyers
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Precision Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Christine M. Toedebusch
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.G.T.); (N.-W.W.); (K.T.S.); (J.A.F.-J.); (P.J.D.); (C.-F.L.); (K.M.V.)
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Han YP, Lin HW, Li H. Cancer Stem Cells in Tumours of the Central Nervous System in Children: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3154. [PMID: 37370764 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subgroup of cells found in various kinds of tumours with stem cell characteristics, such as self-renewal, induced differentiation, and tumourigenicity. The existence of CSCs is regarded as a major source of tumour recurrence, metastasis, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiation treatment. Tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) are the most common solid tumours in children, which have many different types including highly malignant embryonal tumours and midline gliomas, and low-grade gliomas with favourable prognoses. Stem cells from the CNS tumours have been largely found and reported by researchers in the last decade and their roles in tumour biology have been deeply studied. However, the cross-talk of CSCs among different CNS tumour types and their clinical impacts have been rarely discussed. This article comprehensively reviews the achievements in research on CSCs in paediatric CNS tumours. Biological functions, diagnostic values, and therapeutic perspectives are reviewed in detail. Further investigations into CSCs are warranted to improve the clinical practice in treating children with CNS tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Peng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Hou-Wei Lin
- Department of Paediatric Urology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Jiaxing Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Guerra G, McCoy L, Hansen HM, Rice T, Molinaro AM, Wiemels JL, Wiencke JK, Wrensch M, Francis SS. Antibodies to varicella-zoster virus and three other herpesviruses and survival in adults with glioma. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1047-1057. [PMID: 36610073 PMCID: PMC10237424 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifetime exposure to the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) has been consistently inversely associated with glioma risk, however, the relationship of VZV with survival in adults with glioma has not been investigated. In this study, we analyzed the survival of adults with glioma in relation to their antibody measurements to 4 common herpes viral infections, including VZV, measured post-diagnosis. METHODS We analyzed IgG antibody measurements to VZV, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus 1/2 (HSV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) collected from 1378 adults with glioma diagnosed between 1991 and 2010. Blood was obtained a median of 3 months after surgery. Associations of patient IgG levels with overall survival were estimated using Cox models adjusted for age, sex, self-reported race, surgery type, dexamethasone usage at blood draw, and tumor grade. Models were stratified by recruitment series and meta-analyzed to account for time-dependent treatment effects. RESULTS VZV antibody seropositivity was associated with improved survival outcomes in adults with glioma (Hazard ratio, HR = 0.70, 95% Confidence Interval 0.54-0.90, P = .006). Amongst cases who were seropositive for VZV antibodies, survival was significantly improved for those above the 25th percentile of continuous reactivity measurements versus those below (HR = 0.76, 0.66-0.88, P = .0003). Antibody seropositivity to EBV was separately associated with improved survival (HR = 0.71, 0.53-0.96, P = .028). Antibody positivity to 2 other common viruses (CMV, HSV) was not associated with altered survival. CONCLUSIONS Low levels of VZV or EBV antibodies are associated with poorer survival outcomes for adults with glioma. Differential immune response rather than viral exposure may explain these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geno Guerra
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lucie McCoy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Helen M Hansen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Terri Rice
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joseph L Wiemels
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Margaret Wrensch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stephen S Francis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li J, Wang K, Yang C, Zhu K, Jiang C, Wang M, Zhou Z, Tang N, Wang Q, Wang S, Shu P, Yuan H, Xiong Z, Li J, Liang T, Rao J, Wang X, Jiang X. Tumor-Associated Macrophage-Derived Exosomal LINC01232 Induces the Immune Escape in Glioma by Decreasing Surface MHC-I Expression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207067. [PMID: 37097629 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration facilitates glioma malignancy, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, it is reported that TAMs secrete exosomal LINC01232 to induce tumor immune escape. Mechanistically, LINC01232 is found to directly bind E2F2 and promote E2F2 entry into the nucleus; the two synergistically promots the transcription of NBR1. The increase in binding between NBR1 binding and the ubiquitinating MHC-I protein through the ubiquitin domain causes an increase in the degradation of MHC-I in autophagolysosomes and a decrease in the expression of MHC-I on the surface of tumor cells, which in turn led to tumor cell escape from CD8+ CTL immune attack. Disruption of E2F2/NBR1/MHC-I signaling with shRNAs or blockade with the corresponding antibodies largely abolishes the tumor-supportive effects of LINC01232 and inhibits tumor growth driven by M2-type macrophages. Importantly, knockdown of LINC01232 enhances the expression of MHC-I on the surface of tumor cells and improves the response to reinfusion with CD8+ T cells. This study reveals the existence of critical molecular crosstalk between TAMs and glioma mediates through the LINC01232/E2F2/NBR1/MHC-I axis to support malignant tumor growth, indicating that targeting this axis may have therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Keshan Wang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Minjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Zijie Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Nan Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Qiangping Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Pengwei Shu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Hongliang Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Tao Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Jin Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang J, Dai X, Gao Q, Chang H, Zhang S, Shan C, He T. Tyrosine metabolic reprogramming coordinated with the tricarboxylic acid cycle to drive glioma immune evasion by regulating PD-L1 expression. IBRAIN 2023; 9:133-147. [PMID: 37786553 PMCID: PMC10529206 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier in glioma, traditional drug therapy has a poor therapeutic outcome. Emerging immunotherapy has been shown to have satisfactory therapeutic effects in solid tumors, and it is clinically instructive to explore the possibility of immunotherapy in glioma. We performed a retrospective analysis of RNA-seq data and clinical information in 1027 glioma patients, utilizing machine learning to explore the relationship between tyrosine metabolizing enzymes and clinical characteristics. In addition, we also assessed the role of tyrosine metabolizing enzymes in the immune microenvironment including immune infiltration and immune evasion. Highly expressed tyrosine metabolizing enzymes 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, and fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase not only promote the malignant phenotype of glioma but are also closely related to poor prognosis. The expression of tyrosine metabolizing enzymes could distinguish the malignancy degree of glioma. More importantly, tyrosine metabolizing enzymes regulate the adaptive immune process in glioma. Mechanistically, multiple metabolic enzymes remodel fumarate metabolism, promote α-ketoglutarate production, induce programmed death-ligand 1 expression, and help glioma evade immune surveillance. Our data suggest that the metabolic subclass driven by tyrosine metabolism provides promising targets for the immunotherapy of glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xin‐Tong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qing‐Le Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Hong‐Kai Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Chang‐Liang Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Tao He
- Department of PathologyCharacteristic Medical Center of The Chinese People's Armed Police ForceTianjinChina
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yuile A, Wei JQ, Mohan AA, Hotchkiss KM, Khasraw M. Interdependencies of the Neuronal, Immune and Tumor Microenvironment in Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2856. [PMID: 37345193 PMCID: PMC10216320 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain malignancy and are universally fatal. Despite significant breakthrough in understanding tumor biology, treatment breakthroughs have been limited. There is a growing appreciation that major limitations on effective treatment are related to the unique and highly complex glioma tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME consists of multiple different cell types, broadly categorized into tumoral, immune and non-tumoral, non-immune cells. Each group provides significant influence on the others, generating a pro-tumor dynamic with significant immunosuppression. In addition, glioma cells are highly heterogenous with various molecular distinctions on the cellular level. These variations, in turn, lead to their own unique influence on the TME. To develop future treatments, an understanding of this complex TME interplay is needed. To this end, we describe the TME in adult gliomas through interactions between its various components and through various glioma molecular phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yuile
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Reserve Road, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- The Brain Cancer Group, North Shore Private Hospital, 3 Westbourne Street, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Joe Q. Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Reserve Road, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Aditya A. Mohan
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kelly M. Hotchkiss
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mustafa Khasraw
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu J, Piranlioglu R, Ye F, Shu K, Lei T, Nakashima H. Immunosuppressive cells in oncolytic virotherapy for glioma: challenges and solutions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1141034. [PMID: 37234776 PMCID: PMC10206241 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1141034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer characterized by the abundance of myeloid lineage cells in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages and microglia (TAM) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), play a pivotal role in promoting immune suppression and tumor progression. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are self-amplifying cytotoxic agents that can stimulate local anti-tumor immune responses and have the potential to suppress immunosuppressive myeloid cells and recruit tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) to the tumor site, leading to an adaptive immune response against tumors. However, the impact of OV therapy on the tumor-resident myeloid population and the subsequent immune responses are not yet fully understood. This review provides an overview of how TAM and MDSC respond to different types of OVs, and combination therapeutics that target the myeloid population to promote anti-tumor immune responses in the glioma microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Liu
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Raziye Piranlioglu
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hiroshi Nakashima
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rocha Pinheiro SL, Lemos FFB, Marques HS, Silva Luz M, de Oliveira Silva LG, Faria Souza Mendes dos Santos C, da Costa Evangelista K, Calmon MS, Sande Loureiro M, Freire de Melo F. Immunotherapy in glioblastoma treatment: Current state and future prospects. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:138-159. [PMID: 37124134 PMCID: PMC10134201 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i4.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains as the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor, standing with a poor prognosis and treatment prospective. Despite the aggressive standard care, such as surgical resection and chemoradiation, median survival rates are low. In this regard, immunotherapeutic strategies aim to become more attractive for glioblastoma, considering its recent advances and approaches. In this review, we provide an overview of the current status and progress in immunotherapy for glioblastoma, going through the fundamental knowledge on immune targeting to promising strategies, such as Chimeric antigen receptor T-Cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokine-based treatment, oncolytic virus and vaccine-based techniques. At last, it is discussed innovative methods to overcome diverse challenges, and future perspectives in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Luca Rocha Pinheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hanna Santos Marques
- Campus Vitória da Conquista, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcel Silva Luz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mariana Santos Calmon
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Matheus Sande Loureiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Duan W, Yu M, Chen J. BRD4: New Hope in the Battle Against Glioblastoma. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106767. [PMID: 37061146 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
The BET family proteins, comprising BRD2, BRD3 and BRD4, represent epigenetic readers of acetylated histone marks that play pleiotropic roles in the tumorigenesis and growth of multiple human malignancies, including glioblastoma (GBM). A growing body of investigation has proven BET proteins as valuable therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Recently, several BRD4 inhibitors and degraders have been reported to successfully suppress GBM in preclinical and clinical studies. However, the precise role and mechanism of BRD4 in the pathogenesis of GBM have not been fully elucidated or summarized. This review focuses on summarizing the roles and mechanisms of BRD4 in the context of the initiation and development of GBM. In addition, several BRD4 inhibitors have been evaluated for therapeutic purposes as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immune therapies. Here, we provide a critical appraisal of studies evaluating various BRD4 inhibitors and degraders as novel treatment strategies against GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Duan
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Arifianto MR, Meizikri R, Haq IBI, Susilo RI, Wahyuhadi J, Hermanto Y, Faried A. Emerging hallmark of gliomas microenvironment in evading immunity: a basic concept. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-023-00635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Over the last decade, since clinical trials examining targeted therapeutics for gliomas have failed to demonstrate a meaningful increase in survival, the emphasis has recently been switched toward innovative techniques for modulating the immune response against tumors and their microenvironments (TME). Cancerous cells have eleven hallmarks which make it distinct from normal ones, among which is immune evasion. Immune evasion in glioblastoma helps it evade various treatment modalities.
Summary
Glioblastoma’s TME is composed of various array of cellular actors, ranging from peripherally derived immune cells to a variety of organ-resident specialized cell types. For example, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) serves as a selective barrier between the systemic circulation and the brain, which effectively separates it from other tissues. It is capable of blocking around 98% of molecules that transport different medications to the target tumor.
Objectives
The purpose of this paper is to offer a concise overview of fundamental immunology and how ‘clever’ gliomas avoid the immune system despite the discovery of immunotherapy for glioma.
Conclusions
Herein, we highlight the complex interplay of the tumor, the TME, and the nearby normal structures makes it difficult to grasp how to approach the tumor itself. Numerous researchers have found that the brain TME is a critical regulator of glioma growth and treatment efficacy.
Collapse
|
47
|
Gillespie MS, Ward CM, Davies CC. DNA Repair and Therapeutic Strategies in Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1897. [PMID: 36980782 PMCID: PMC10047301 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
First-line cancer treatments successfully eradicate the differentiated tumour mass but are comparatively ineffective against cancer stem cells (CSCs), a self-renewing subpopulation thought to be responsible for tumour initiation, metastasis, heterogeneity, and recurrence. CSCs are thus presented as the principal target for elimination during cancer treatment. However, CSCs are challenging to drug target because of numerous intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of drug resistance. One such mechanism that remains relatively understudied is the DNA damage response (DDR). CSCs are presumed to possess properties that enable enhanced DNA repair efficiency relative to their highly proliferative bulk progeny, facilitating improved repair of double-strand breaks induced by radiotherapy and most chemotherapeutics. This can occur through multiple mechanisms, including increased expression and splicing fidelity of DNA repair genes, robust activation of cell cycle checkpoints, and elevated homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair. Herein, we summarise the current knowledge concerning improved genome integrity in non-transformed stem cells and CSCs, discuss therapeutic opportunities within the DDR for re-sensitising CSCs to genotoxic stressors, and consider the challenges posed regarding unbiased identification of novel DDR-directed strategies in CSCs. A better understanding of the DDR mediating chemo/radioresistance mechanisms in CSCs could lead to novel therapeutic approaches, thereby enhancing treatment efficacy in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Gillespie
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.S.G.)
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ciara M. Ward
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.S.G.)
| | - Clare C. Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dmello C, Zhao J, Chen L, Gould A, Castro B, Arrieta VA, Zhang DY, Kim KS, Kanojia D, Zhang P, Miska J, Yeeravalli R, Habashy K, Saganty R, Kang SJ, Fares J, Liu C, Dunn G, Bartom E, Schipma MJ, Hsu PD, Alghamri MS, Lesniak MS, Heimberger AB, Rabadan R, Lee-Chang C, Sonabend AM. Checkpoint kinase 1/2 inhibition potentiates anti-tumoral immune response and sensitizes gliomas to immune checkpoint blockade. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1566. [PMID: 36949040 PMCID: PMC10033639 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas the contribution of tumor microenvironment to the profound immune suppression of glioblastoma (GBM) is clear, tumor-cell intrinsic mechanisms that regulate resistance to CD8 T cell mediated killing are less understood. Kinases are potentially druggable targets that drive tumor progression and might influence immune response. Here, we perform an in vivo CRISPR screen to identify glioma intrinsic kinases that contribute to evasion of tumor cells from CD8 T cell recognition. The screen reveals checkpoint kinase 2 (Chek2) to be the most important kinase contributing to escape from CD8 T-cell recognition. Genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition of Chek2 with blood-brain-barrier permeable drugs that are currently being evaluated in clinical trials, in combination with PD-1 or PD-L1 blockade, lead to survival benefit in multiple preclinical glioma models. Mechanistically, loss of Chek2 enhances antigen presentation, STING pathway activation and PD-L1 expression in mouse gliomas. Analysis of human GBMs demonstrates that Chek2 expression is inversely associated with antigen presentation and T-cell activation. Collectively, these results support Chek2 as a promising target for enhancement of response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy in GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crismita Dmello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew Gould
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brandyn Castro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victor A Arrieta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- PECEM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Y Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kwang-Soo Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ragini Yeeravalli
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karl Habashy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ruth Saganty
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Connor Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gavin Dunn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bartom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew J Schipma
- NUSeq Core, Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patrick D Hsu
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mahmoud S Alghamri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Department of Pathology, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Catalina Lee-Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Adam M Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhu X, Fang Y, Chen Y, Chen Y, Hong W, Wei W, Tu J. Interaction of tumor-associated microglia/macrophages and cancer stem cells in glioma. Life Sci 2023; 320:121558. [PMID: 36889666 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common tumor of the primary central nervous system, and its malignant phenotype has been shown to be closely related to glioma stem cells (GSCs). Although temozolomide has significantly improved the therapeutic outcome of glioma with a high penetration rate of the blood-brain barrier, resistance is often present in patients. Moreover, evidence has shown that the crosstalk between GSCs and tumor-associated microglia/macrophages (TAMs) affect the clinical occurrence, growth, and multi-tolerance of chemoradiotherapy in gliomas. Here, we highlight its vital roles in the maintenance of the stemness of GSCs and the ability of GSCs to recruit TAMs to the tumor microenvironment and promote their polarization into tumor-promoting macrophages, hence providing groundwork for future research into new treatment strategies of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yilong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yizhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenming Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Jiajie Tu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Azadi S, Torkashvand E, Mohammadi E, Tafazzoli-Shadpour M. Analysis of EMT induction in a non-invasive breast cancer cell line by mesenchymal stem cell supernatant: Study of 2D and 3D microfluidic based aggregate formation and migration ability, and cytoskeleton remodeling. Life Sci 2023; 320:121545. [PMID: 36871932 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The process of Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as a phenotypic invasive shift and the factors affecting it, are under extensive research. Application of supernatants of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) on non-invasive cancer cells is a well known method of in vitro induction of EMT like process. While previous researches have focused on the effects of hADMSCs supernatant on the biochemical signaling pathways of the cells through expression of different proteins and genes, we investigated pro-carcinogic alterations of physico-mechanical cues in terms of changes in cell motility and aggregated formation in 3D microenvironments, and cytoskeletal actin-myosin content and fiber arrangement. MAIN METHODS MCF-7 cancer cells were treated by the supernatant from 48 hour-starved hADMSCs, and their vimentin/E-cadherin expressions were evaluated. The invasive potential of treated and non-treated cells was measured and compared through aggregate formation and migration capability. Furthermore, alterations in cell and nucleus morphologies were studied, and F-actin and myosin-II alterations in terms of content and arrangement were investigated. KEY FINDINGS Results indicated that application of hADMSCs supernatant enhanced vimentin expression as the biomarker of EMT, and induced pro-carcinogenic effects on non-invasive cancer cells through increased invasive potential by higher cell motility and reduced aggregate formation, rearrangement of actin structure and generation of more stress fibers, together with increased myosin II that lead to enhanced cell motility and traction force. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicated that in vitro induction of EMT through mesenchymal supernatant influenced biophysical features of cancer cells through cytoskeletal remodeling that emphasizes the interconnection of chemical and physical signaling pathways during cancer progress and invasion. Results give a better insight to EMT as a biological process and the synergy between biochemical and biophysical parameters that contribute to this process, and eventually assist in improving cancer treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Azadi
- Cell Engineering and Biomicrofluidic Systems Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Torkashvand
- Cell Engineering and Biomicrofluidic Systems Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mohammadi
- Cell Engineering and Biomicrofluidic Systems Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tafazzoli-Shadpour
- Cell Engineering and Biomicrofluidic Systems Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|