1
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Cooper GW, Hong AL. SMARCB1-Deficient Cancers: Novel Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153645. [PMID: 35892904 PMCID: PMC9332782 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Loss of SMARCB1 has been identified as the sole mutation in a number of rare pediatric and adult cancers, most of which have a poor prognosis despite intensive therapies including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Thus, a more robust understanding of the mechanisms driving this set of cancers is vital to improving patient treatment and outcomes. This review outlines recent advances made in our understanding of the function of SMARCB1 and how these advances have been used to discover putative therapeutic vulnerabilities. Abstract SMARCB1 is a critical component of the BAF complex that is responsible for global chromatin remodeling. Loss of SMARCB1 has been implicated in the initiation of cancers such as malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT), atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT), and, more recently, renal medullary carcinoma (RMC). These SMARCB1-deficient tumors have remarkably stable genomes, offering unique insights into the epigenetic mechanisms in cancer biology. Given the lack of druggable targets and the high mortality associated with SMARCB1-deficient tumors, a significant research effort has been directed toward understanding the mechanisms of tumor transformation and proliferation. Accumulating evidence suggests that tumorigenicity arises from aberrant enhancer and promoter regulation followed by dysfunctional transcriptional control. In this review, we outline key mechanisms by which loss of SMARCB1 may lead to tumor formation and cover how these mechanisms have been used for the design of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett W. Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew L. Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Correspondence:
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2
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Metselaar DS, du Chatinier A, Meel MH, Huizen GT, Waranecki P, Goulding JR, Bugiani M, Koster J, Kaspers GJ, Hulleman E. AURKA and PLK1 inhibition selectively and synergistically block cell cycle progression in diffuse midline glioma. iScience 2022; 25:104398. [PMID: 35637734 PMCID: PMC9142558 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) are highly malignant incurable pediatric brain tumors. In this study, we show that Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is overexpressed in DMG and can be used as a therapeutic target. Additionally, AURKA inhibition combined with CRISPR/Cas9 screening in DMG cells, revealed polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) as a synergistic target with AURKA. Using a panel of patient-derived DMG culture models, we demonstrate that treatment with volasertib, a clinically relevant and selective PLK1 inhibitor, synergizes with different AURKA inhibitors, supporting the CRISPR screen results. Mechanistically, our results show that combined loss of PLK1 and AURKA causes a G2/M cell cycle arrest which blocks vital parts of DNA-damage repair and induces apoptosis, solely in DMG cells. Altogether, our findings highlight the importance of AURKA and PLK1 for DMG propagation and demonstrate the potential of concurrently targeting these proteins as a therapeutic strategy for these devastating pediatric brain tumors. Kinome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening in primary DMG tumoroids CRISPR screening identifies AURKA as therapeutic target in DMG AURKA inhibition sensitizes DMG to PLK1 knockout Combined AURKA and PLK1 inhibition selectively impairs DMG cell division
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3
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Graf M, Interlandi M, Moreno N, Holdhof D, Göbel C, Melcher V, Mertins J, Albert TK, Kastrati D, Alfert A, Holsten T, de Faria F, Meisterernst M, Rossig C, Warmuth-Metz M, Nowak J, Meyer Zu Hörste G, Mayère C, Nef S, Johann P, Frühwald MC, Dugas M, Schüller U, Kerl K. Single-cell transcriptomics identifies potential cells of origin of MYC rhabdoid tumors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1544. [PMID: 35318328 PMCID: PMC8941154 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdoid tumors (RT) are rare and highly aggressive pediatric neoplasms. Their epigenetically-driven intertumoral heterogeneity is well described; however, the cellular origin of RT remains an enigma. Here, we establish and characterize different genetically engineered mouse models driven under the control of distinct promoters and being active in early progenitor cell types with diverse embryonic onsets. From all models only Sox2-positive progenitor cells give rise to murine RT. Using single-cell analyses, we identify distinct cells of origin for the SHH and MYC subgroups of RT, rooting in early stages of embryogenesis. Intra- and extracranial MYC tumors harbor common genetic programs and potentially originate from fetal primordial germ cells (PGCs). Using PGC specific Smarcb1 knockout mouse models we validate that MYC RT originate from these progenitor cells. We uncover an epigenetic imbalance in MYC tumors compared to PGCs being sustained by epigenetically-driven subpopulations. Importantly, treatments with the DNA demethylating agent decitabine successfully impair tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our work sheds light on the origin of RT and supports the clinical relevance of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors against this disease. Rhabdoid tumors (RT) are aggressive paediatric cancers with yet unknown cells of origin. Here, the authors establish genetically engineered mouse models of RT and, using single-cell RNA-seq and epigenomics, identify potential cells of origin for the SHH and MYC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Graf
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Marta Interlandi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Natalia Moreno
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dörthe Holdhof
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Göbel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Melcher
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Julius Mertins
- Department of Neurology, Schlosspark-Klinik, 14059, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas K Albert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dennis Kastrati
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Amelie Alfert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Till Holsten
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Flavia de Faria
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Brasìlia, 70684-831, Brasìlia, Brazil
| | - Michael Meisterernst
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Claudia Rossig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Monika Warmuth-Metz
- Neuroradiological Reference Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Nowak
- Neuroradiological Reference Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,SRH Poliklinik Gera GmbH, Radiological Practice Gotha, Gotha, Germany
| | - Gerd Meyer Zu Hörste
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Chloe Mayère
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Johann
- Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Augsburg, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael C Frühwald
- Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Augsburg, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Martin Dugas
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Informatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.,Research Institute Children's Cancer Center, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kornelius Kerl
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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4
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Nemes K, Johann PD, Tüchert S, Melchior P, Vokuhl C, Siebert R, Furtwängler R, Frühwald MC. Current and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches for Extracranial Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:479-498. [PMID: 35173482 PMCID: PMC8841298 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s289544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracranial malignant rhabdoid tumors (extracranial MRT) are rare, highly aggressive malignancies affecting mainly infants and children younger than 3 years. Common anatomic sites comprise the kidneys (RTK – rhabdoid tumor of kidney) and other soft tissues (eMRT – extracranial, extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumor). The genetic origin of these diseases is linked to biallelic pathogenic variants in the genes SMARCB1, or rarely SMARCA4, encoding subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex. Even if extracranial MRT seem to be quite homogeneous, recent epigenome analyses reveal a certain degree of epigenetic heterogeneity. Use of intensified therapies has modestly improved survival for extracranial MRT. Patients at standard risk profit from conventional therapies; most high-risk patients still experience a dismal course and often therapy resistance. Discoveries of clinical and molecular hallmarks and the exploration of experimental therapeutic approaches open exciting perspectives for clinical and molecularly stratified experimental treatment approaches. To ultimately improve the outcome of patients with extracranial MRTs, they need to be characterized and stratified clinically and molecularly. High-risk patients need novel therapeutic approaches including selective experimental agents in phase I/II clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nemes
- Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Swabian Children's Cancer Center, University Medical Center Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Pascal D Johann
- Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Swabian Children's Cancer Center, University Medical Center Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tüchert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Melchior
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christian Vokuhl
- Section of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rhoikos Furtwängler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael C Frühwald
- Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Swabian Children's Cancer Center, University Medical Center Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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5
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Elghetany MT, Ho JM, Shi-Qi LH, Karthik S, Su JMF, Lin Q, Du Y, Shen J, Chow WY, Lau CC, Adesina A, Major A, Erdreich-Epstein A, Hui KM, Li XN, Teo WY. Maximizing the potential of aggressive mouse tumor models in preclinical drug testing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11580. [PMID: 34079014 PMCID: PMC8172610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is an aggressive embryonal brain tumor among infants and young children. Two challenges exist for preclinical testing in ATRT. First, genetically quiet, ATRT is a difficult tumor to target molecularly. Tumor cells need to divide to propagate tumor growth—intercepting the common crossroads in cell cycle progression is a feasible strategy. KIF11 is needed for bipolar spindle formation in metaphase. We identified KIF11 as a universal target of all ATRT-molecular-subtypes. Ispinesib, a KIF11-inhibitor, effectively inhibited tumor proliferation in all seven cell lines. A second challenge—a major challenge in preclinical drug testing in-vivo among aggressive tumor models, is the narrow therapeutic window to administer drugs within the limited murine lifespan. Our most aggressive ATRT tumor model was lethal in all mice within ~ 1 month of tumor implantation. Such short-surviving mouse models are difficult to employ for preclinical drug testing due to the narrow time window to administer drugs. To overcome this time restriction, we developed a clinical staging system which allowed physically-fit mice to continue treatment, in contrast to the conventional method of fixed drug-dose-duration regimen in preclinical testing which will not be feasible in such short-surviving mouse models. We validated this approach in a second embryonal brain tumor, medulloblastoma. This is a clinically relevant, cost-efficient approach in preclinical testing for cancer and non-cancer disease phenotypes. Widely used preclinical mouse models are not the most accurate and lack the aggressive tumor spectrum found within a single tumor type. Mice bearing the most aggressive tumor spectrum progress rapidly in the limited murine life-span, resulting in a narrow therapeutic window to administer drugs, and are thus difficult to employ in preclinical testing. Our approach overcomes this challenge. We discovered ispinesib is efficacious against two embryonal brain tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tarek Elghetany
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jia-Min Ho
- Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Office, SingHealth-Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lois Hew Shi-Qi
- Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Office, SingHealth-Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sekar Karthik
- Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jack M F Su
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qi Lin
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - YuChen Du
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jianhe Shen
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wing-Yuk Chow
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ching C Lau
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Connecticut Children's Medical Center, The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | - Adekunle Adesina
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angela Major
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anat Erdreich-Epstein
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kam-Man Hui
- Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wan-Yee Teo
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Office, SingHealth-Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, Singapore, Singapore. .,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore. .,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. .,KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
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6
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Ho B, Johann PD, Grabovska Y, De Dieu Andrianteranagna MJ, Yao F, Frühwald M, Hasselblatt M, Bourdeaut F, Williamson D, Huang A, Kool M. Molecular subgrouping of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors-a reinvestigation and current consensus. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:613-624. [PMID: 31889194 PMCID: PMC7229260 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) are known to exhibit molecular and clinical heterogeneity even though SMARCB1 inactivation is the sole recurrent genetic event present in nearly all cases. Indeed, recent studies demonstrated 3 molecular subgroups of ATRTs that are genetically, epigenetically, and clinically distinct. As these studies included different numbers of tumors, various subgrouping techniques, and naming, an international working group sought to align previous findings and to reach a consensus on nomenclature and clinicopathological significance of ATRT subgroups. Methods We integrated various methods to perform a meta-analysis on published and unpublished DNA methylation and gene expression datasets of ATRTs and associated clinicopathological data. Results In concordance with previous studies, the analyses identified 3 main molecular subgroups of ATRTs, for which a consensus was reached to name them ATRT-TYR, ATRT-SHH, and ATRT-MYC. The ATRT-SHH subgroup exhibited further heterogeneity, segregating further into 2 subtypes associated with a predominant supratentorial (ATRT-SHH-1) or infratentorial (ATRT-SHH-2) location. For each ATRT subgroup we provide an overview of its main molecular and clinical characteristics, including SMARCB1 alterations and pathway activation. Conclusions The introduction of a common classification, characterization, and nomenclature of ATRT subgroups will facilitate future research and serve as a common ground for subgrouping patient samples and ATRT models, which will aid in refining subgroup-based therapies for ATRT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ho
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pascal D Johann
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Research Center and German Cancer Research Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yura Grabovska
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mamy Jean De Dieu Andrianteranagna
- Departments of Genetics and of Oncopediatry and Young Adults, Curie Institute, Paris, France.,INSERM U830, Laboratory of Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, SIREDO Pediatric Oncology Center, Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Fupan Yao
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Frühwald
- University Children's Hospital Augsburg, Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hasselblatt
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- Departments of Genetics and of Oncopediatry and Young Adults, Curie Institute, Paris, France.,INSERM U830, Laboratory of Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, SIREDO Pediatric Oncology Center, Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Williamson
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Annie Huang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Research Center and German Cancer Research Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Meel MH, Guillén Navarro M, de Gooijer MC, Metselaar DS, Waranecki P, Breur M, Lagerweij T, Wedekind LE, Koster J, van de Wetering MD, Schouten-van Meeteren N, Aronica E, van Tellingen O, Bugiani M, Phoenix TN, Kaspers GJL, Hulleman E. MEK/MELK inhibition and blood-brain barrier deficiencies in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:58-69. [PMID: 31504799 PMCID: PMC6954444 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) are rare, but highly aggressive. These entities are of embryonal origin occurring in the central nervous system (CNS) of young children. Molecularly these tumors are driven by a single hallmark mutation, resulting in inactivation of SMARCB1 or SMARCA4. Additionally, activation of the MAPK signaling axis and preclinical antitumor efficacy of its inhibition have been described in AT/RT. Methods We established and validated a patient-derived neurosphere culture and xenograft model of sonic hedgehog (SHH) subtype AT/RT, at diagnosis and relapse from the same patient. We set out to study the vascular phenotype of these tumors to evaluate the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in AT/RT. We also used the model to study combined mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for AT/RT. Results We found MELK to be highly overexpressed in both patient samples of AT/RT and our primary cultures and xenografts. We identified a potent antitumor efficacy of the MELK inhibitor OTSSP167, as well as strong synergy with the MEK inhibitor trametinib, against primary AT/RT neurospheres. Additionally, vascular phenotyping of AT/RT patient material and xenografts revealed significant BBB aberrancies in these tumors. Finally, we show in vivo efficacy of the non-BBB penetrable drugs OTSSP167 and trametinib in AT/RT xenografts, demonstrating the therapeutic implications of the observed BBB deficiencies and validating MEK/MELK inhibition as a potential treatment. Conclusion Altogether, we developed a combination treatment strategy for AT/RT based on MEK/MELK inhibition and identify therapeutically exploitable BBB deficiencies in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël H Meel
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Miriam Guillén Navarro
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mark C de Gooijer
- Division of Pharmacology/Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dennis S Metselaar
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Piotr Waranecki
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Breur
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tonny Lagerweij
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laurine E Wedekind
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marianne D van de Wetering
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Netteke Schouten-van Meeteren
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- Division of Pharmacology/Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Timothy N Phoenix
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati/Research in Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Esther Hulleman
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
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8
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Balakrishnan I, Danis E, Pierce A, Madhavan K, Wang D, Dahl N, Sanford B, Birks DK, Davidson N, Metselaar DS, Meel MH, Lemma R, Donson A, Vijmasi T, Katagi H, Sola I, Fosmire S, Alimova I, Steiner J, Gilani A, Hulleman E, Serkova NJ, Hashizume R, Hawkins C, Carcaboso AM, Gupta N, Monje M, Jabado N, Jones K, Foreman N, Green A, Vibhakar R, Venkataraman S. Senescence Induced by BMI1 Inhibition Is a Therapeutic Vulnerability in H3K27M-Mutant DIPG. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108286. [PMID: 33086074 PMCID: PMC7574900 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is an incurable brain tumor of childhood characterized by histone mutations at lysine 27, which results in epigenomic dysregulation. There has been a failure to develop effective treatment for this tumor. Using a combined RNAi and chemical screen targeting epigenomic regulators, we identify the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) component BMI1 as a critical factor for DIPG tumor maintenance in vivo. BMI1 chromatin occupancy is enriched at genes associated with differentiation and tumor suppressors in DIPG cells. Inhibition of BMI1 decreases cell self-renewal and attenuates tumor growth due to induction of senescence. Prolonged BMI1 inhibition induces a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which promotes tumor recurrence. Clearance of senescent cells using BH3 protein mimetics co-operates with BMI1 inhibition to enhance tumor cell killing in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilango Balakrishnan
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Etienne Danis
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angela Pierce
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Krishna Madhavan
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nathan Dahl
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Bridget Sanford
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Diane K Birks
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nate Davidson
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dennis S Metselaar
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht and Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michaël Hananja Meel
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht and Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rakeb Lemma
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrew Donson
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Trinka Vijmasi
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hiroaki Katagi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ismail Sola
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Susan Fosmire
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Irina Alimova
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jenna Steiner
- Departments of Radiology, Radiation Oncology, and Anesthesiology, Colorado Animal Imaging Shared Resource (AISR), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ahmed Gilani
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Esther Hulleman
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht and Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Natalie J Serkova
- Departments of Radiology, Radiation Oncology, and Anesthesiology, Colorado Animal Imaging Shared Resource (AISR), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Nalin Gupta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Monje
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nada Jabado
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, and The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Kenneth Jones
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Foreman
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Adam Green
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Sujatha Venkataraman
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
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9
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Upregulation of Protein Synthesis and Proteasome Degradation Confers Sensitivity to Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib in Myc-Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030752. [PMID: 32235770 PMCID: PMC7140067 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) are among the most malignant brain tumors in early childhood and remain incurable. Myc-ATRT is driven by the Myc oncogene, which directly controls the intracellular protein synthesis rate. Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a primary treatment for multiple myeloma. This study aimed to determine whether the upregulation of protein synthesis and proteasome degradation in Myc-ATRTs increases tumor cell sensitivity to BTZ. We performed differential gene expression and gene set enrichment analysis on matched primary and recurrent patient-derived xenograft (PDX) samples from an infant with ATRT. Concomitant upregulation of the Myc pathway, protein synthesis and proteasome degradation were identified in recurrent ATRTs. Additionally, we found the proteasome-encoding genes were highly expressed in ATRTs compared with in normal brain tissues, correlated with the malignancy of tumor cells and were essential for tumor cell survival. BTZ inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis through the accumulation of p53 in three human Myc-ATRT cell lines (PDX-derived tumor cell line Re1-P6, BT-12 and CHLA-266). Furthermore, BTZ inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival in Myc-ATRT orthotopic xenograft mice. Our findings suggest that BTZ may be a promising targeted therapy for Myc-ATRTs.
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10
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Li BK, Al-Karmi S, Huang A, Bouffet E. Pediatric embryonal brain tumors in the molecular era. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:293-303. [PMID: 31917601 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1714439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Embryonal brain tumors (EBTs) are highly aggressive malignancies predominantly affecting children. They include medulloblastoma (MB), atypical rhabdoid/teratoid tumors (ATRT), pineoblastoma (PB), embryonal tumor multiple rosettes (ETMR)/C19MC-altered tumors, and newly recognized embryonal tumors with FOXR2 activation or BCOR alteration.Areas covered: This review will provide a comprehensive overview and updated of the literature on each of these EBTs. The evolution from location- and histopathology-based diagnosis to more specific and robust molecular-based classification schemes, as well as treatment modalities, will be discussed.Expert commentary: The subgrouping of EBTs with multi-omic profiling has had important implications for risk stratification and discovery of targetable driver pathways. However, these innovations are unlikely to significantly improve survival among high-risk patients until robust preclinical studies are conducted, followed by validation in biology-informed clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan K Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Salma Al-Karmi
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Annie Huang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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Alimova I, Pierce A, Danis E, Donson A, Birks DK, Griesinger A, Foreman NK, Santi M, Soucek L, Venkataraman S, Vibhakar R. Inhibition of MYC attenuates tumor cell self-renewal and promotes senescence in SMARCB1-deficient Group 2 atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors to suppress tumor growth in vivo. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:1983-1995. [PMID: 30230537 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Loss of SMARCB1 is the hallmark genetic event that characterizes rhabdoid tumors in children. Rhabdoid tumors of the brain (ATRT) occur in young children and are particularly challenging with poor long-term survival. SMARCB1 is a member of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex that is responsible for determining cellular pluripotency and lineage commitment. The mechanisms by which SMARCB1 deletion results in tumorigenesis remain unclear. Recent studies demonstrate that ATRT consists of 3 genomic subgroups with a subset of poor outcome tumors expressing high BMP and MYC pathway activation. Here we show that MYC occupies distinct promoter loci in ATRT compared to embryonic stem (ES) cells. Furthermore, using human ATRT cell lines, patient-derived cell culture, ex vivo patient-derived tumor, and orthotopic xenograft models, we show that MYC inhibition is a molecular vulnerability in SMARCB1-deleted tumors and that such inhibition effectively suppresses BMP and pluripotency-associated genomic programs, attenuates tumor cell self-renewal, promotes senescence, and inhibits ATRT tumor growth in vivo. Transgenic expression of Omomyc (a bona-fide MYC dominant negative) or chemical inhibition of MYC transcriptomic programs with the BET inhibitor JQ1 phenocopy genetic depletion of MYC, effectively restricting ATRT tumor growth and opening a promising therapeutic avenue for rhabdoid tumors in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Alimova
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Angela Pierce
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Etienne Danis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Andrew Donson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Diane K Birks
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Andrea Griesinger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Nicholas K Foreman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Mariarita Santi
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Laura Soucek
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Cellex Centre, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sujatha Venkataraman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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12
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Functional relevance of genes predicted to be affected by epigenetic alterations in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors. J Neurooncol 2018; 141:43-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-03018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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13
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Nesvick CL, Nageswara Rao AA, Raghunathan A, Biegel JA, Daniels DJ. Case-based review: atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor. Neurooncol Pract 2018; 6:163-178. [PMID: 31386032 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npy037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare CNS cancer that typically occurs in children younger than 3 years of age. Histologically, AT/RTs are embryonal tumors that contain a rhabdoid component as well as areas with primitive neuroectodermal, mesenchymal, and epithelial features. Compared to other CNS tumors of childhood, AT/RTs are characterized by their rapid growth, short symptomatic prodrome, and large size upon presentation, often leading to brain compression and intracranial hypertension requiring urgent intervention. For decades, the mainstay of care has been a combination of maximal safe surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Despite advances in each of these modalities, the relative paucity of data on these tumors, their inherently aggressive course, and a lack of molecular data have limited advances in treatment over the past 3 decades. Recent large-scale, multicenter interdisciplinary studies, however, have significantly advanced our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors. Multiple clinical trials testing molecularly targeted therapies are underway, offering hope for patients with AT/RT and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody L Nesvick
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amulya A Nageswara Rao
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aditya Raghunathan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jaclyn A Biegel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, USA
| | - David J Daniels
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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14
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Embryonal Tumors of the Central Nervous System in Children: The Era of Targeted Therapeutics. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:bioengineering5040078. [PMID: 30249036 PMCID: PMC6315657 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonal tumors (ET) of the central nervous system (CNS) in children encompass a wide clinical spectrum of aggressive malignancies. Until recently, the overlapping morphological features of these lesions posed a diagnostic challenge and undermined discovery of optimal treatment strategies. However, with the advances in genomic technology and the outpouring of biological data over the last decade, clear insights into the molecular heterogeneity of these tumors are now well delineated. The major subtypes of ETs of the CNS in children include medulloblastoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT), and embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes (ETMR), which are now biologically and clinically characterized as different entities. These important developments have paved the way for treatments guided by risk stratification as well as novel targeted therapies in efforts to improve survival and reduce treatment burden.
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15
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Paolini MA, Kipp BR, Sukov WR, Jenkins SM, Barr Fritcher EG, Aranda D, SantaCruz KS, Al-Dandan S, Fisher P, McDonald WC, Bondurant CP, Van Dyke Darkow G, Giannini C, Parisi JE, Jentoft ME, Raghunathan A. Sellar Region Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors in Adults: Clinicopathological Characterization of Five Cases and Review of the Literature. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2018; 77:1115-1121. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Paolini
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Benjamin R Kipp
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - William R Sukov
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sarah M Jenkins
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Emily G Barr Fritcher
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Derick Aranda
- Patient Recruitment Department, Altea Research Institute, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Karen S SantaCruz
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Sadeq Al-Dandan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pete Fisher
- Department of Pathology, North Valley Hospital, Kalispell, Montana
| | - William C McDonald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Allina Health Laboratories, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Caterina Giannini
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Joseph E Parisi
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mark E Jentoft
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Aditya Raghunathan
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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16
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Richardson EA, Ho B, Huang A. Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumour : From Tumours to Therapies. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2018; 61:302-311. [PMID: 29742888 PMCID: PMC5957315 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2018.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours (ATRTs) are the most common malignant central nervous system tumours in children ≤1 year of age and represent approximately 1–2% of all pediatric brain tumours. ATRT is a primarily monogenic disease characterized by the bi-allelic loss of the SMARCB1 gene, which encodes the hSNF5 subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. Though conventional dose chemotherapy is not effective in most ATRT patients, high dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplant, radiotherapy and/or intrathecal chemotherapy all show significant potential to improve patient survival. Recent epigenetic and transcriptional studies highlight three subgroups of ATRT, each with distinct clinical and molecular characteristics with corresponding therapeutic sensitivities, including epigenetic targeting, and inhibition of tyrosine kinases or growth/lineage specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Anne Richardson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ben Ho
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Annie Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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17
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Nemes K, Frühwald MC. Emerging therapeutic targets for the treatment of malignant rhabdoid tumors. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018. [PMID: 29528755 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1451839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor (MRT) is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy primarily affecting infants and young children. The most common anatomic locations are the central nervous system (AT/RT), the kidneys (RTK) and other soft tissues (eMRT). The genetic origin of this disease is linked to mutations in SMARCB1, a gene encoding a core subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex. Areas covered: Conventional multimodal treatment may offer a significant survival benefit to certain patients. It remains to be determined, however, which patients will prove resistant to chemotherapy and need novel therapeutic approaches. Herein we discuss key signal transduction pathways involved in the pathogenesis of rhabdoid tumors for potential targeted therapy (EZH2, DNMT, HDAC, CDK4/6/Cyclin D1/Rb, AURKA, SHH/GLI1, Wnt/ß-Catenin, immunotherapy). Additional agents currently evaluated in preclinical settings and experimental clinical trials are discussed. Expert opinion: MRTs are genetically homogeneous, but epigenetically distinct malignancies. While there is an abundance of experimental in vitro studies evaluating potential therapeutic avenues, a dearth of clinical trials specifically for this entity persists. In order to improve outcome patients need to be carefully stratified and treated by targeted therapies combined with conventional chemotherapy or with new, less selective experimental agents in phase I/II clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nemes
- a Swabian Children's Cancer Center , Children's Hospital, Klinikum Augsburg , Augsburg , Germany
| | - Michael C Frühwald
- a Swabian Children's Cancer Center , Children's Hospital, Klinikum Augsburg , Augsburg , Germany
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18
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Vardon A, Dandapani M, Cheng D, Cheng P, De Santo C, Mussai F. Arginine auxotrophic gene signature in paediatric sarcomas and brain tumours provides a viable target for arginine depletion therapies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:63506-63517. [PMID: 28969007 PMCID: PMC5609939 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Paediatric sarcomas and brain tumours, remain cancers of significant unmet need, with a poor prognosis for patients with high risk disease or those who relapse, and significant morbidities from treatment for those that survive using standard treatment approaches. Novel treatment strategies, based on the underlying tumour biology, are needed to improve outcomes. Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that is imported from the extracellular microenvironment or recycled from intracellular precursors through the combined expression of the enzymes ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), argininosuccinate synthase (ASS) and argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) enzymes. The failure to express at least one of these recycling enzymes makes cells reliant on extracellular arginine - a state known as arginine auxotrophism. Here we show in large in silico patient cohorts that paediatric sarcomas and brain tumours express predominately the arginine transporter SLC7A1 and the arginine metabolising enzyme Arginase 2 (ARG2), but have low-absent expression of OTC. The arginine metabolic pathway correlated with the expression of genes associated with tumour pathogenesis, and overall survival in paediatric sarcomas. This gene signature of arginine auxotrophism indicates paediatric sarcomas and brain tumours are a viable target for therapeutic arginase drugs under current clinical trial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Vardon
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Madhumita Dandapani
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daryl Cheng
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Cheng
- Bio-Cancer Treatment International Ltd, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carmela De Santo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Francis Mussai
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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19
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Suzuki M, Kondo A, Ogino I, Arai H, Tomita T, Sredni ST. Overexpression of TEAD4 in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor: New insight to the pathophysiology of an aggressive brain tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64. [PMID: 27966820 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a highly malignant embryonal brain tumor that occurs mainly in early childhood. Although most of the tumors are characterized by inactivating mutations of the tumor suppressor gene, SMARCB1, the biological basis of its tumorigenesis and aggressiveness is still unknown. PROCEDURE We performed high-throughput copy number variation analysis of primary cell lines generated from primary and relapsed tumors from one of our patients to identify new genes involved in AT/RT biology. The expression of the identified gene was validated in 29 AT/RT samples by gene expression profiling, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Furthermore, we investigated the function of this gene by mutating it in rhabdoid tumor cells. RESULTS TEAD4 amplification was detected in the primary cell lines and its overexpression was confirmed at mRNA and protein levels in an independent cohort of AT/RT samples. TEAD4's co-activator, YAP1, and the downstream targets, MYC and CCND1, were also found to be upregulated in AT/RT when compared to medulloblastoma. IHC showed TEAD4 and YAP1 overexpression in all samples. Cell proliferation and migration were significantly reduced in TEAD4-mutated cells. CONCLUSIONS We report the overexpression of TEAD4 in AT/RT, which is a key component of Hippo pathway. Recent reports revealed that dysregulation of the Hippo pathway is implicated in tumorigenesis and poor prognosis of several human cancers. Our results suggest that TEAD4 plays a role in the pathophysiology of AT/RT, which represents a new insight into the biology of this aggressive tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Suzuki
- School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Akihide Kondo
- School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Ogino
- School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Arai
- School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadanori Tomita
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Simone Treiger Sredni
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois.,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Torchia J, Golbourn B, Feng S, Ho KC, Sin-Chan P, Vasiljevic A, Norman JD, Guilhamon P, Garzia L, Agamez NR, Lu M, Chan TS, Picard D, de Antonellis P, Khuong-Quang DA, Planello AC, Zeller C, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Lafay-Cousin L, Letourneau L, Bourgey M, Yu M, Gendoo DMA, Dzamba M, Barszczyk M, Medina T, Riemenschneider AN, Morrissy AS, Ra YS, Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Dunham CP, Yip S, Ng HK, Lu JQ, Mehta V, Albrecht S, Pimentel J, Chan JA, Somers GR, Faria CC, Roque L, Fouladi M, Hoffman LM, Moore AS, Wang Y, Choi SA, Hansford JR, Catchpoole D, Birks DK, Foreman NK, Strother D, Klekner A, Bognár L, Garami M, Hauser P, Hortobágyi T, Wilson B, Hukin J, Carret AS, Van Meter TE, Hwang EI, Gajjar A, Chiou SH, Nakamura H, Toledano H, Fried I, Fults D, Wataya T, Fryer C, Eisenstat DD, Scheinemann K, Fleming AJ, Johnston DL, Michaud J, Zelcer S, Hammond R, Afzal S, Ramsay DA, Sirachainan N, Hongeng S, Larbcharoensub N, Grundy RG, Lulla RR, Fangusaro JR, Druker H, Bartels U, Grant R, Malkin D, McGlade CJ, Nicolaides T, Tihan T, Phillips J, Majewski J, Montpetit A, Bourque G, Bader GD, Reddy AT, Gillespie GY, Warmuth-Metz M, Rutkowski S, Tabori U, Lupien M, Brudno M, Schüller U, Pietsch T, Judkins AR, Hawkins CE, Bouffet E, Kim SK, Dirks PB, Taylor MD, Erdreich-Epstein A, Arrowsmith CH, De Carvalho DD, Rutka JT, Jabado N, Huang A. Integrated (epi)-Genomic Analyses Identify Subgroup-Specific Therapeutic Targets in CNS Rhabdoid Tumors. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:891-908. [PMID: 27960086 PMCID: PMC5500911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported that atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) comprise at least two transcriptional subtypes with different clinical outcomes; however, the mechanisms underlying therapeutic heterogeneity remained unclear. In this study, we analyzed 191 primary ATRTs and 10 ATRT cell lines to define the genomic and epigenomic landscape of ATRTs and identify subgroup-specific therapeutic targets. We found ATRTs segregated into three epigenetic subgroups with distinct genomic profiles, SMARCB1 genotypes, and chromatin landscape that correlated with differential cellular responses to a panel of signaling and epigenetic inhibitors. Significantly, we discovered that differential methylation of a PDGFRB-associated enhancer confers specific sensitivity of group 2 ATRT cells to dasatinib and nilotinib, and suggest that these are promising therapies for this highly lethal ATRT subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Torchia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Brian Golbourn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Shengrui Feng
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - King Ching Ho
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Patrick Sin-Chan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Alexandre Vasiljevic
- Department of Pathology, Groupement Hospitalier Est, CHU de Lyon, Lyon-Bron 69677, France
| | - Joseph D Norman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Paul Guilhamon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Livia Garzia
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Natalia R Agamez
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Mei Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Tiffany S Chan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Daniel Picard
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Pasqualino de Antonellis
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Dong-Anh Khuong-Quang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3Z2Z3, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3Z2Z3, Canada
| | - Aline C Planello
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Constanze Zeller
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Dalia Barsyte-Lovejoy
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Lucie Lafay-Cousin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital, AB T3B6A8, Canada
| | - Louis Letourneau
- Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A1A4, Canada
| | - Mathieu Bourgey
- Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A1A4, Canada
| | - Man Yu
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Deena M A Gendoo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Misko Dzamba
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Mark Barszczyk
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Tiago Medina
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Alexandra N Riemenschneider
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - A Sorana Morrissy
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Young-Shin Ra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Marc Remke
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Christopher P Dunham
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Children's and Women's Health Centre of B.C, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3N1, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Ho-Keung Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Lu
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T2W3N2, Canada
| | - Vivek Mehta
- Division of Neurosurgery, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T2W3N2, Canada
| | - Steffen Albrecht
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3Z2Z3, Canada
| | - Jose Pimentel
- Divison of Pathology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon 1649-035, Portugal
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Gino R Somers
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Claudia C Faria
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon 1649-035, Portugal
| | - Lucia Roque
- Cytometry and Cytogenetic Laboratory, CIPM, Portuguese Cancer Institute, Lisbon 1099-023, Portugal
| | - Maryam Fouladi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Cancer and Blood Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lindsey M Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew S Moore
- Oncology Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital; University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Yin Wang
- Research Institute of Health Development Strategies, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Seung Ah Choi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jordan R Hansford
- Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Daniel Catchpoole
- Children's Cancer Research Unit, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Diane K Birks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Doug Strother
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T2W3N2, Canada
| | - Almos Klekner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Laszló Bognár
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Miklós Garami
- Second Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Péter Hauser
- Second Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Department of Histopathology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Beverly Wilson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T2W3N2, Canada
| | - Juliette Hukin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's and Women's Health Centre of B.C, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3N1, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Carret
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Université de Montréal/CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T1C5, Canada
| | - Timothy E Van Meter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0631, USA
| | - Eugene I Hwang
- Department of Oncology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Amar Gajjar
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hideo Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Helen Toledano
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 49202, Isreal
| | - Iris Fried
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Daniel Fults
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Takafumi Wataya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka 420-8660, Japan
| | - Chris Fryer
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's and Women's Health Centre of B.C, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3N1, Canada
| | - David D Eisenstat
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T2W3N2, Canada
| | - Katrin Scheinemann
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4K1, Canada
| | - Adam J Fleming
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4K1, Canada
| | - Donna L Johnston
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8L1, Canada
| | - Jean Michaud
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8L1, Canada
| | - Shayna Zelcer
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Center, London, ON N6A5A5, Canada
| | - Robert Hammond
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Western Ontario, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5W9, Canada
| | - Samina Afzal
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H4R2, Canada
| | - David A Ramsay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Western Ontario, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5W9, Canada
| | - Nongnuch Sirachainan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Noppadol Larbcharoensub
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Richard G Grundy
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG72RD, England
| | - Rishi R Lulla
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jason R Fangusaro
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Harriet Druker
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Ute Bartels
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Ronald Grant
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - C Jane McGlade
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Theodore Nicolaides
- Department of Pediatrics (Hematology/Oncology), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0112, USA
| | - Tarik Tihan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0112, USA
| | - Joanna Phillips
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0112, USA
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3Z2Z3, Canada; Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A1A4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Montpetit
- Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A1A4, Canada
| | - Guillaume Bourque
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3Z2Z3, Canada; Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A1A4, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Alyssa T Reddy
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Monika Warmuth-Metz
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Stefan Rutkowski
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Uri Tabori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Michael Brudno
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Torsten Pietsch
- Institute for Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Alexander R Judkins
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Cynthia E Hawkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Division of Pathology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Peter B Dirks
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Anat Erdreich-Epstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada.
| | - James T Rutka
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada.
| | - Nada Jabado
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3Z2Z3, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3Z2Z3, Canada.
| | - Annie Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada.
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Johann PD, Erkek S, Zapatka M, Kerl K, Buchhalter I, Hovestadt V, Jones DTW, Sturm D, Hermann C, Segura Wang M, Korshunov A, Rhyzova M, Gröbner S, Brabetz S, Chavez L, Bens S, Gröschel S, Kratochwil F, Wittmann A, Sieber L, Geörg C, Wolf S, Beck K, Oyen F, Capper D, van Sluis P, Volckmann R, Koster J, Versteeg R, von Deimling A, Milde T, Witt O, Kulozik AE, Ebinger M, Shalaby T, Grotzer M, Sumerauer D, Zamecnik J, Mora J, Jabado N, Taylor MD, Huang A, Aronica E, Bertoni A, Radlwimmer B, Pietsch T, Schüller U, Schneppenheim R, Northcott PA, Korbel JO, Siebert R, Frühwald MC, Lichter P, Eils R, Gajjar A, Hasselblatt M, Pfister SM, Kool M. Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors Are Comprised of Three Epigenetic Subgroups with Distinct Enhancer Landscapes. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:379-393. [PMID: 26923874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is one of the most common brain tumors in infants. Although the prognosis of ATRT patients is poor, some patients respond favorably to current treatments, suggesting molecular inter-tumor heterogeneity. To investigate this further, we genetically and epigenetically analyzed 192 ATRTs. Three distinct molecular subgroups of ATRTs, associated with differences in demographics, tumor location, and type of SMARCB1 alterations, were identified. Whole-genome DNA and RNA sequencing found no recurrent mutations in addition to SMARCB1 that would explain the differences between subgroups. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and H3K27Ac chromatin-immunoprecipitation sequencing of primary tumors, however, revealed clear differences, leading to the identification of subgroup-specific regulatory networks and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal D Johann
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Serap Erkek
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Zapatka
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kornelius Kerl
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ivo Buchhalter
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Hovestadt
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David T W Jones
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Sturm
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carl Hermann
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maia Segura Wang
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Rhyzova
- Department of Neuropathology, Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Susanne Gröbner
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brabetz
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Lukas Chavez
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Susanne Bens
- Institute for Human Genetics, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Gröschel
- Division of Translational Oncology, Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen NCT, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Kratochwil
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Wittmann
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Sieber
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Geörg
- Division of Translational Oncology, Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen NCT, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wolf
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Beck
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Oyen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Capper
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter van Sluis
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Volckmann
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rogier Versteeg
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Till Milde
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Witt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas E Kulozik
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Ebinger
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tarek Shalaby
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grotzer
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Sumerauer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zamecnik
- Deptartment of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Charles University, 2nd Medical Faculty, University Hospital Motol, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaume Mora
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, Hospital San Joan de Deu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nada Jabado
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 1A4, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Annie Huang
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, 20246 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Bertoni
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Radlwimmer
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Torsten Pietsch
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Center of Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schneppenheim
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul A Northcott
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan O Korbel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Michael C Frühwald
- Swabian Childrens' Cancer Center, Children's Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany; EU-RHAB registry Center, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Peter Lichter
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology, DKFZ-HIPO, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology, DKFZ-HIPO, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amar Gajjar
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Martin Hasselblatt
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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23
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Frühwald MC, Biegel JA, Bourdeaut F, Roberts CWM, Chi SN. Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors-current concepts, advances in biology, and potential future therapies. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:764-78. [PMID: 26755072 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is the most common malignant CNS tumor of children below 6 months of age. The majority of AT/RTs demonstrate genomic alterations in SMARCB1 (INI1, SNF5, BAF47) or, to a lesser extent, SMARCA4 (BRG1) of the SWItch/sucrose nonfermentable chromatin remodeling complex. Recent transcription and methylation profiling studies suggest the existence of molecular subgroups. Thus, at the root of these seemingly enigmatic tumors lies a network of factors related to epigenetic regulation, which is not yet completely understood. While conventional-type chemotherapy may have significant survival benefit for certain patients, it remains to be determined which patients will eventually prove resistant to chemotherapy and thus need novel therapeutic strategies. Elucidation of the molecular consequences of a disturbed epigenome has led to the identification of a series of transduction cascades, which may be targeted for therapy. Among these are the pathways of cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6, Hedgehog/GLI1, Wnt/ß-catenin, enhancer of zeste homolog 2, and aurora kinase A, among others. Compounds specifically targeting these pathways or agents that alter the epigenetic state of the cell are currently being evaluated in preclinical settings and in experimental clinical trials for AT/RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Frühwald
- Children's Hospital and Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Augsburg, Germany (M.C.F.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.A.B.); INSERM U830, Laboratory of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Curie Institute, Paris, France (F.B.); Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (C.W.M.R.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.)
| | - Jaclyn A Biegel
- Children's Hospital and Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Augsburg, Germany (M.C.F.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.A.B.); INSERM U830, Laboratory of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Curie Institute, Paris, France (F.B.); Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (C.W.M.R.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.)
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- Children's Hospital and Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Augsburg, Germany (M.C.F.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.A.B.); INSERM U830, Laboratory of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Curie Institute, Paris, France (F.B.); Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (C.W.M.R.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.)
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Children's Hospital and Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Augsburg, Germany (M.C.F.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.A.B.); INSERM U830, Laboratory of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Curie Institute, Paris, France (F.B.); Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (C.W.M.R.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.)
| | - Susan N Chi
- Children's Hospital and Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Augsburg, Germany (M.C.F.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.A.B.); INSERM U830, Laboratory of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Curie Institute, Paris, France (F.B.); Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (C.W.M.R.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.)
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24
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Whole Exome- and mRNA-Sequencing of an AT/RT Case Reveals Few Somatic Mutations and Several Deregulated Signalling Pathways in the Context of SMARCB1 Deficiency. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:862039. [PMID: 26998479 PMCID: PMC4780067 DOI: 10.1155/2015/862039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background. AT/RTs are rare aggressive brain tumours, mainly affecting young children. Most cases present with genetic inactivation of SMARCB1, a core member of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex. We have performed whole exome- and mRNA-sequencing on an early onset AT/RT case for detection of genetic events potentially contributing to the disease. Results. A de novo germline variant in SMARCB1, c.601C>T p.Arg201∗, in combination with somatic deletion of the healthy allele is likely the major tumour causing event. Only seven somatic small scale mutations were discovered (hitting SEPT03, H2BFM, ZIC4, HIST2H2AB, ZIK1, KRTAP6-3, and IFNA8). All were found with subclonal allele frequencies (range 5.7–17%) and none were expressed. However, besides SMARCB1, candidate genes affected by predicted damaging germline variants that were expressed were detected (KDM5C, NUMA1, and PCM1). Analysis of differently expressed genes revealed many dysregulated pathways in the tumour, such as cell cycle, CXCR4 pathway, GPCR-signalling, and neuronal system. FGFR1, CXCR4, and MDK were upregulated and may represent possible drug targets. Conclusion. The loss of SMARCB1 function leads to AT/RT development and deregulated genes and pathways. Additional predisposing events may however contribute. Studies utilizing NGS technologies in larger cohorts will probably identify recurrent genetic and epigenetic alterations and molecular subgroups with implications for clinical practice and development of targeted therapies.
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25
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Kuzaka B, Janiak M, Włodarski KH, Radziszewski P, Włodarski PK. Expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and -7 in urinary bladder cancer predicts time to tumor recurrence. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:378-84. [PMID: 25995755 PMCID: PMC4424243 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2014.46796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urinary bladder cancer patients who have undergone transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) are at risk of recurrence. This study aims to correlate the level of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) expression with urothelial carcinoma invasiveness, TNM stage and time to recurrence after TURBT. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 33 specimens of healthy transitional epithelium and 42 of urothelial carcinoma, BMP2, BMP4 and BMP7 expression was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Patients who underwent TURBT were followed up for 1 year. RESULTS BMP2 and BMP7 were downregulated in infiltrating urothelial carcinoma, the relative expression being 0.76 (p = 0.04) and 0.28 (p = 0.025) respectively, while BMP4 was downregulated in non-invasive tumors. High expression of BMP2 and BMP7 correlated with prolonged time to recurrence (log-rank: p = 0.01 and p = 0.03 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Low expression of BMP2 and BMP7 is associated with shorter time to recurrence. The BMP expression levels are not indicative of tumor stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolesław Kuzaka
- Department of General, Oncologic and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Janiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof H Włodarski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Radziszewski
- Department of General, Oncologic and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł K Włodarski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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26
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Torchia J, Picard D, Lafay-Cousin L, Hawkins CE, Kim SK, Letourneau L, Ra YS, Ho KC, Chan TSY, Sin-Chan P, Dunham CP, Yip S, Ng HK, Lu JQ, Albrecht S, Pimentel J, Chan JA, Somers GR, Zielenska M, Faria CC, Roque L, Baskin B, Birks D, Foreman N, Strother D, Klekner A, Garami M, Hauser P, Hortobágyi T, Bognár L, Wilson B, Hukin J, Carret AS, Van Meter TE, Nakamura H, Toledano H, Fried I, Fults D, Wataya T, Fryer C, Eisenstat DD, Scheineman K, Johnston D, Michaud J, Zelcer S, Hammond R, Ramsay DA, Fleming AJ, Lulla RR, Fangusaro JR, Sirachainan N, Larbcharoensub N, Hongeng S, Barakzai MA, Montpetit A, Stephens D, Grundy RG, Schüller U, Nicolaides T, Tihan T, Phillips J, Taylor MD, Rutka JT, Dirks P, Bader GD, Warmuth-Metz M, Rutkowski S, Pietsch T, Judkins AR, Jabado N, Bouffet E, Huang A. Molecular subgroups of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours in children: an integrated genomic and clinicopathological analysis. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16:569-82. [PMID: 25882982 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(15)70114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhabdoid brain tumours, also called atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours, are lethal childhood cancers with characteristic genetic alterations of SMARCB1/hSNF5. Lack of biological understanding of the substantial clinical heterogeneity of these tumours restricts therapeutic advances. We integrated genomic and clinicopathological analyses of a cohort of patients with atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours to find out the molecular basis for clinical heterogeneity in these tumours. METHODS We obtained 259 rhabdoid tumours from 37 international institutions and assessed transcriptional profiles in 43 primary tumours and copy number profiles in 38 primary tumours to discover molecular subgroups of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours. We used gene and pathway enrichment analyses to discover group-specific molecular markers and did immunohistochemical analyses on 125 primary tumours to evaluate clinicopathological significance of molecular subgroup and ASCL1-NOTCH signalling. FINDINGS Transcriptional analyses identified two atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumour subgroups with differential enrichment of genetic pathways, and distinct clinicopathological and survival features. Expression of ASCL1, a regulator of NOTCH signalling, correlated with supratentorial location (p=0·004) and superior 5-year overall survival (35%, 95% CI 13-57, and 20%, 6-34, for ASCL1-positive and ASCL1-negative tumours, respectively; p=0·033) in 70 patients who received multimodal treatment. ASCL1 expression also correlated with superior 5-year overall survival (34%, 7-61, and 9%, 0-21, for ASCL1-positive and ASCL1-negative tumours, respectively; p=0·001) in 39 patients who received only chemotherapy without radiation. Cox hazard ratios for overall survival in patients with differential ASCL1 enrichment treated with chemotherapy with or without radiation were 2·02 (95% CI 1·04-3·85; p=0·038) and 3·98 (1·71-9·26; p=0·001). Integrated analyses of molecular subgroupings with clinical prognostic factors showed three distinct clinical risk groups of tumours with different therapeutic outcomes. INTERPRETATION An integration of clinical risk factors and tumour molecular groups can be used to identify patients who are likely to have improved long-term radiation-free survival and might help therapeutic stratification of patients with atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours. FUNDING C17 Research Network, Genome Canada, b.r.a.i.n.child, Mitchell Duckman, Tal Doron and Suri Boon foundations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Torchia
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Picard
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lucie Lafay-Cousin
- Alberta Children's Hospital, and Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cynthia E Hawkins
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Louis Letourneau
- Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Young-Shin Ra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - King Ching Ho
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tiffany Sin Yu Chan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Sin-Chan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher P Dunham
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Department of Neuropathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ho-Keung Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Steffen Albrecht
- Department of Pathology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - José Pimentel
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gino R Somers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Zielenska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claudia C Faria
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lucia Roque
- Cytogenetic Laboratory, Centro de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Portuguese Cancer Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Berivan Baskin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Diane Birks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nick Foreman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Douglas Strother
- Alberta Children's Hospital, and Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Almos Klekner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklos Garami
- Second Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Hauser
- Second Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laszló Bognár
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beverly Wilson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Juliette Hukin
- Division of Neurology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Carret
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Timothy E Van Meter
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Hideo Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Helen Toledano
- Oncology Department, Schneider Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Iris Fried
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Department, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniel Fults
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Takafumi Wataya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Chris Fryer
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David D Eisenstat
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Donna Johnston
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jean Michaud
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ottawa Hospital and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shayna Zelcer
- Division of Children's Health and Therapeutics, Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Hammond
- Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - David A Ramsay
- Department of Pathology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Adam J Fleming
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Rishi R Lulla
- Division of Pediatrics-Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason R Fangusaro
- Division of Pediatrics-Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nongnuch Sirachainan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Noppadol Larbcharoensub
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Derek Stephens
- Department of Clinical Research Services, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard G Grundy
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Clinical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Center for Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Theodore Nicolaides
- Department of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tarik Tihan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joanna Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James T Rutka
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Dirks
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- Department of Computer Science, Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Stefan Rutkowski
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Pietsch
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander R Judkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nada Jabado
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Annie Huang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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27
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Molecular Biology of Pediatric Brain Tumors and Impact on Novel Therapies. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2015; 15:10. [DOI: 10.1007/s11910-015-0532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Alternative lengthening of telomeres is enriched in, and impacts survival of TP53 mutant pediatric malignant brain tumors. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 128:853-62. [PMID: 25315281 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although telomeres are maintained in most cancers by telomerase activation, a subset of tumors utilize alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) to sustain self-renewal capacity. In order to study the prevalence and significance of ALT in childhood brain tumors we screened 517 pediatric brain tumors using the novel C-circle assay. We examined the association of ALT with alterations in genes found to segregate with specific histological phenotypes and with clinical outcome. ALT was detected almost exclusively in malignant tumors (p = 0.001). ALT was highly enriched in primitive neuroectodermal tumors (12 %), choroid plexus carcinomas (23 %) and high-grade gliomas (22 %). Furthermore, in contrast to adult gliomas, pediatric low grade gliomas which progressed to high-grade tumors did not exhibit the ALT phenotype. Somatic but not germline TP53 mutations were highly associated with ALT (p = 1.01 × 10(-8)). Of the other alterations examined, only ATRX point mutations and reduced expression were associated with the ALT phenotype (p = 0.0005). Interestingly, ALT attenuated the poor outcome conferred by TP53 mutations in specific pediatric brain tumors. Due to very poor prognosis, one year overall survival was quantified in malignant gliomas, while in children with choroid plexus carcinoma, five year overall survival was investigated. For children with TP53 mutant malignant gliomas, one year overall survival was 63 ± 12 and 23 ± 10 % for ALT positive and negative tumors, respectively (p = 0.03), while for children with TP53 mutant choroid plexus carcinomas, 5 years overall survival was 67 ± 19 and 27 ± 13 % for ALT positive and negative tumors, respectively (p = 0.07). These observations suggest that the presence of ALT is limited to a specific group of childhood brain cancers which harbor somatic TP53 mutations and may influence the outcome of these patients. Analysis of ALT may contribute to risk stratification and targeted therapies to improve outcome for these children.
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29
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Sredni ST, Huang CC, Pundy T, Patel K, Halpern AL, Grupenmacher AT, Chou PM, Bonaldo MDF, Tomita T. A gene signature for a long-term survivor of an atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor. Cancer Genet 2014; 207:420-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Identification of genes involved in the biology of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours using Drosophila melanogaster. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4005. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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31
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Harris PS, Venkataraman S, Alimova I, Birks DK, Balakrishnan I, Cristiano B, Donson AM, Dubuc AM, Taylor MD, Foreman NK, Reigan P, Vibhakar R. Integrated genomic analysis identifies the mitotic checkpoint kinase WEE1 as a novel therapeutic target in medulloblastoma. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:72. [PMID: 24661910 PMCID: PMC3987923 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medulloblastoma is the most common type of malignant brain tumor that afflicts children. Although recent advances in chemotherapy and radiation have improved outcomes, high-risk patients do poorly with significant morbidity. Methods To identify new molecular targets, we performed an integrated genomic analysis using structural and functional methods. Gene expression profiling in 16 medulloblastoma patient samples and subsequent gene set enrichment analysis indicated that cell cycle-related kinases were associated with disease development. In addition a kinome-wide small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen was performed to identify kinases that, when inhibited, could prevent cell proliferation. The two genome-scale analyses were combined to identify key vulnerabilities in medulloblastoma. The inhibition of one of the identified targets was further investigated using RNAi and a small molecule inhibitor. Results Combining the two analyses revealed that mitosis-related kinases were critical determinants of medulloblastoma cell proliferation. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of WEE1 kinase and other mitotic kinases was sufficient to reduce medulloblastoma cell proliferation. These data prompted us to examine the effects of inhibiting WEE1 by RNAi and by a small molecule inhibitor of WEE1, MK-1775, in medulloblastoma cell lines. MK-1775 inhibited the growth of medulloblastoma cell lines, induced apoptosis and increased DNA damage at nanomolar concentrations. Further, MK-1775 was synergistic with cisplatin in reducing medulloblastoma cell proliferation and resulted in an associated increase in cell death. In vivo MK-1775 suppressed medulloblastoma tumor growth as a single agent. Conclusions Taken together, these findings highlight mitotic kinases and, in particular, WEE1 as a rational therapeutic target for medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, Mail Stop 8302, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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32
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Kerl K, Moreno N, Holsten T, Ahlfeld J, Mertins J, Hotfilder M, Kool M, Bartelheim K, Schleicher S, Handgretinger R, Schüller U, Meisterernst M, Frühwald MC. Arsenic trioxide inhibits tumor cell growth in malignant rhabdoid tumors in vitro and in vivo by targeting overexpressed Gli1. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:989-95. [PMID: 24420698 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Rhabdoid tumors are highly aggressive tumors occurring in infants and very young children. Despite multimodal and intensive therapy prognosis remains poor. Molecular analyses have uncovered several deregulated pathways, among them the CDK4/6-Rb-, the WNT- and the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathways. The SHH pathway is activated in rhabdoid tumors by GLI1 overexpression. Here, we demonstrate that arsenic trioxide (ATO) inhibits tumor cell growth of malignant rhabdoid tumors in vitro and in a mouse xenograft model by suppressing Gli1. Our data uncover ATO as a promising therapeutic approach to improve prognosis for rhabdoid tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelius Kerl
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University, Muenster, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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33
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Neuwelt AJ, Nguyen T, Wu YJ, Donson AM, Vibhakar R, Venkatamaran S, Amani V, Neuwelt EA, Rapkin LB, Foreman NK. Preclinical high-dose acetaminophen with N-acetylcysteine rescue enhances the efficacy of cisplatin chemotherapy in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:120-7. [PMID: 23956023 PMCID: PMC5131918 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (AT-RT) are pediatric tumors of the central nervous system with limited treatment options and poor survival rate. We investigated whether enhancing chemotherapy toxicity by depleting intracellular glutathione (GSH; a key molecule in cisplatin resistance) with high dose acetaminophen (AAP), may improve therapeutic efficacy in AT-RT in vitro. PROCEDURE BT16 (cisplatin-resistant) and BT12 (cisplatin-sensitive) AT-RT cell lines were treated with combinations of AAP, cisplatin, and the anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Cell viability, GSH and peroxide concentrations, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis were evaluated in vitro. RESULTS AAP enhanced cisplatin cytotoxicity in cisplatin-resistant BT16 cells but not cisplatin-sensitive BT12 cells. Baseline GSH levels were elevated in BT16 cells compared to BT12 cells, and AAP decreased GSH to a greater magnitude in BT16 cells than BT12 cells. Unlike BT12 cells, BT16 cells did not have elevated peroxide levels upon treatment with cisplatin alone, but did have elevated levels when treated with AAP + cisplatin. Both cell lines had markedly increased mitochondrial injury when treated with AAP + cisplatin relative to either drug treatment alone. The enhanced toxic effects were partially reversed with concurrent administration of NAC. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that AAP could be used as a chemo-enhancement agent to potentiate cisplatin chemotherapeutic efficacy particularly in cisplatin-resistant AT-RT tumors with high GSH levels in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tam Nguyen
- University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Y. Jeffrey Wu
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | | | | | | | - Edward A. Neuwelt
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Louis B. Rapkin
- Emory University and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nicholas K. Foreman
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado,Correspondence to: Nicholas K. Foreman, 1056 East 19th Avenue B115, Denver, CO 80218.
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34
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Kerl K, Holsten T, Frühwald MC. Rhabdoid tumors: clinical approaches and molecular targets for innovative therapy. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2013; 30:587-604. [PMID: 23848359 DOI: 10.3109/08880018.2013.791737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdoid tumors are rare but highly aggressive tumors with a predilection for infants and young children. The majority of these tumors harbor biallelic mutations in SMARCB1/INI1/hSNF5. Rather rare cases with mutations in other SWI/SNF core members such as BRG1 are on record. Rhabdoid tumors have only recently been registered and treated according to specifically designed treatment recommendations and in the framework of clinical trials. Within the last decade, prognosis has improved significantly but at least 50% of patients still relapse and subsequently almost inevitably succumb to their disease. This review summarizes past and current clinical approaches and presents an overview of the rationales for targeted therapy with potential for future clinical treatment trials for rhabdoid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelius Kerl
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology (IMTB), Westfalian Wilhelms University (WWU), M¨unster, Germany, Robert-Koch Strasse 43, 48149M¨unster, Germany
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35
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Griesinger AM, Birks DK, Donson AM, Amani V, Hoffman LM, Waziri A, Wang M, Handler MH, Foreman NK. Characterization of distinct immunophenotypes across pediatric brain tumor types. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:4880-8. [PMID: 24078694 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing evidence that antitumor immune control exists in the pediatric brain, these findings have yet to be exploited successfully in the clinic. A barrier to development of immunotherapeutic strategies in pediatric brain tumors is that the immunophenotype of these tumors' microenvironment has not been defined. To address this, the current study used multicolor FACS of disaggregated tumor to systematically characterize the frequency and phenotype of infiltrating immune cells in the most common pediatric brain tumor types. The initial study cohort consisted of 7 pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), 19 ependymoma (EPN), 5 glioblastoma (GBM), 6 medulloblastoma (MED), and 5 nontumor brain (NT) control samples obtained from epilepsy surgery. Immune cell types analyzed included both myeloid and T cell lineages and respective markers of activated or suppressed functional phenotypes. Immune parameters that distinguished each of the tumor types were identified. PA and EPN demonstrated significantly higher infiltrating myeloid and lymphoid cells compared with GBM, MED, or NT. Additionally, PA and EPN conveyed a comparatively activated/classically activated myeloid cell-skewed functional phenotype denoted in particular by HLA-DR and CD64 expression. In contrast, GBM and MED contained progressively fewer infiltrating leukocytes and more muted functional phenotypes similar to that of NT. These findings were recapitulated using whole tumor expression of corresponding immune marker genes in a large gene expression microarray cohort of pediatric brain tumors. The results of this cross-tumor comparative analysis demonstrate that different pediatric brain tumor types exhibit distinct immunophenotypes, implying that specific immunotherapeutic approaches may be most effective for each tumor type.
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36
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Birks DK, Donson AM, Patel PR, Sufit A, Algar EM, Dunham C, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Handler MH, Vibhakar R, Foreman NK. Pediatric rhabdoid tumors of kidney and brain show many differences in gene expression but share dysregulation of cell cycle and epigenetic effector genes. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60:1095-102. [PMID: 23382118 PMCID: PMC4681512 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhabdoid tumors (RTs) are aggressive tumors of early childhood that occur most often in brain (AT/RTs) or kidney (KRTs). Regardless of location, they are characterized by loss of functional SMARCB1 protein, a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. The aim of this study was to determine genes and biological process dysregulated in common to both AT/RTs and KRTs. PROCEDURE Gene expression for AT/RTs was compared to that of other brain tumors and normal brain using microarray data from our lab. Similar analysis was performed for KRTs and other kidney tumors and normal kidney using data from GEO. Dysregulated genes common to both analyses were analyzed for functional significance. RESULTS Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of RTs identified three major subsets: two comprised of AT/RTs, and one of KRTs. Compared to other tumors, 1,187, 663, and 539 genes were dysregulated in each subset, respectively. Only 14 dysregulated genes were common to all three subsets. Compared to normal tissue, 5,209, 4,275, and 2,841 genes were dysregulated in each subset, with an overlap of 610 dysregulated genes. Among these genes, processes associated with cell proliferation, MYC activation, and epigenetic dysregulation were common to all three RT subsets. CONCLUSIONS The low overlap of dysregulated genes in AT/RTs and KRTs suggests that factors in addition to SMARCB1 loss play a role in determining subsequent gene expression. Drugs which target cell cycle or epigenetic genes may be useful in all RTs. Additionally, targeted therapies tailored to specific RT subset molecular profiles should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane K Birks
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80010, USA.
| | - Andrew M. Donson
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado at Denver, 12800 East 19 Avenue, Aurora, CO 80010, USA,Children’s Hospital, Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Purvi R. Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado at Denver, 12800 East 19 Avenue, Aurora, CO 80010, USA,Children’s Hospital, Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Alexandra Sufit
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado at Denver, 12800 East 19 Avenue, Aurora, CO 80010, USA,Children’s Hospital, Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Elizabeth M. Algar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Christopher Dunham
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Children’s and Women’s Health Centre of B.C., 4500 Oak St., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6H 3N1
| | - B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado at Denver, 12800 East 19 Avenue, Aurora, CO 80010, USA,Departments of Pathology and Neurology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado at Denver, 12800 East 19 Avenue, Aurora, CO 80010, USA
| | - Michael H. Handler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado at Denver, 12800 East 19 Avenue, Aurora, CO 80010, USA,Children’s Hospital, Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado at Denver, 12800 East 19 Avenue, Aurora, CO 80010, USA,Children’s Hospital, Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Nicholas K. Foreman
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado at Denver, 12800 East 19 Avenue, Aurora, CO 80010, USA,Children’s Hospital, Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045
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37
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Kerl K, Ries D, Unland R, Borchert C, Moreno N, Hasselblatt M, Jürgens H, Kool M, Görlich D, Eveslage M, Jung M, Meisterernst M, Frühwald M. The histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA acts in synergism with fenretinide and doxorubicin to control growth of rhabdoid tumor cells. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:286. [PMID: 23764045 PMCID: PMC3693872 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhabdoid tumors are highly aggressive malignancies affecting infants and very young children. In many instances these tumors are resistant to conventional type chemotherapy necessitating alternative approaches. METHODS Proliferation assays (MTT), apoptosis (propidium iodide/annexin V) and cell cycle analysis (DAPI), RNA expression microarrays and western blots were used to identify synergism of the HDAC (histone deacetylase) inhibitor SAHA with fenretinide, tamoxifen and doxorubicin in rhabdoidtumor cell lines. RESULTS HDAC1 and HDAC2 are overexpressed in primary rhabdoid tumors and rhabdoid tumor cell lines. Targeting HDACs in rhabdoid tumors induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. On the other hand HDAC inhibition induces deregulated gene programs (MYCC-, RB program and the stem cell program) in rhabdoid tumors. These programs are in general associated with cell cycle progression. Targeting these activated pro-proliferative genes by combined approaches of HDAC-inhibitors plus fenretinide, which inhibits cyclinD1, exhibit strong synergistic effects on induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, HDAC inhibition sensitizes rhabdoid tumor cell lines to cell death induced by chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that HDAC inhibitor treatment in combination with fenretinide or conventional chemotherapy is a promising tool for the treatment of chemoresistant rhabdoid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelius Kerl
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Childrens' Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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38
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Kieran MW, Roberts CW, Chi SN, Ligon KL, Rich BE, MacConaill LE, Garraway LA, Biegel JA. Absence of oncogenic canonical pathway mutations in aggressive pediatric rhabdoid tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59:1155-7. [PMID: 22997201 PMCID: PMC3538080 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhabdoid tumors (also called atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) in the brain), are highly malignant, poor prognosis lesions arising in the kidneys, soft tissues, and central nervous system. Targeted therapy in this disease would benefit from advanced technologies detecting relevant actionable mutations. PROCEDURE Here we report on the evaluation of 25 tumors, all with known SMARCB1/INI1 alterations, for the presence of 983 different mutations in 115 oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes using OncoMap, a mass spectrometric method of allele detection. RESULTS Other than mutations in SMARCB1, our results identified a single activating mutation in NRAS and complete absence of oncogenic mutations in all other genes tested. CONCLUSION The absence of mutations in canonical pathways critical for development and progression of adult cancers suggests that distinct mechanisms drive these highly malignant pediatric tumors. This may limit the therapeutic utility of available targeted therapies and require a refocusing toward developmental and epigenetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Kieran
- Director, Pediatric Medical Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Hematology/ Oncology, 450 Brookline Avenue, Rm SW331, Boston, MA 02215 Tel (617) 632-4907 Fax (617) 632-4897 ,Address reprint requests to, Pediatric Medical Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, 450 Brookline Avenue, Rm SW331, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Charles W.M. Roberts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Susan N. Chi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Keith L. Ligon
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, and Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, 450 Brookline Avenue, Rm JF200, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Boston Children’s Hospital
| | - Benjamin E. Rich
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, and Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, 450 Brookline Avenue, Rm JF200, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Boston Children’s Hospital
| | - Laura E. MacConaill
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Levi A. Garraway
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Jaclyn A. Biegel
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 1002 Abramson Research Center, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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39
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Korshunov A, Ryzhova M, Jones DTW, Northcott PA, van Sluis P, Volckmann R, Koster J, Versteeg R, Cowdrey C, Perry A, Picard D, Rosenblum M, Giangaspero F, Aronica E, Schüller U, Hasselblatt M, Collins VP, von Deimling A, Lichter P, Huang A, Pfister SM, Kool M. LIN28A immunoreactivity is a potent diagnostic marker of embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR). Acta Neuropathol 2012; 124:875-81. [PMID: 23161096 PMCID: PMC3508282 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-012-1068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR, previously known as ETANTR) is a highly aggressive embryonal CNS tumor, which almost exclusively affects infants and is associated with a dismal prognosis. Accurate diagnosis is of critical clinical importance because of its poor response to current treatment protocols and its distinct biology. Amplification of the miRNA cluster at 19q13.42 has been identified previously as a genetic hallmark for ETMR, but an immunohistochemistry-based assay for clinical routine diagnostics [such as INI-1 for atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT)] is still lacking. In this study, we screened for an ETMR-specific marker using a gene-expression profiling dataset of more than 1,400 brain tumors and identified LIN28A as a highly specific marker for ETMR. The encoded protein binds small RNA and has been implicated in stem cell pluripotency, metabolism and tumorigenesis. Using an LIN28A specific antibody, we carried out immunohistochemical analysis of LIN28A in more than 800 childhood brain-tumor samples and confirmed its high specificity for ETMR. Strong LIN28A immunoexpression was found in all 37 ETMR samples tested, whereas focal reactivity was only present in a small (6/50) proportion of AT/RT samples. All other pediatric brain tumors were completely LIN28A-negative. In summary, we established LIN28A immunohistochemistry as a highly sensitive and specific, rapid, inexpensive diagnostic tool for routine pathological verification of ETMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Korshunov
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Ryzhova
- Department of Neuropathology, NN Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya 16, Moscow, 125047 Russia
| | - David T. W. Jones
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Paul A. Northcott
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter van Sluis
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Volckmann
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier Versteeg
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cynthia Cowdrey
- Departments of Pathology and Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Arie Perry
- Departments of Pathology and Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Daniel Picard
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Marc Rosenblum
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Felice Giangaspero
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomic Pathology Sciences, Università Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Center of Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Hasselblatt
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Andreas von Deimling
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Lichter
- Divison of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annie Huang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Stefan M. Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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Alimova I, Birks DK, Harris PS, Knipstein JA, Venkataraman S, Marquez VE, Foreman NK, Vibhakar R. Inhibition of EZH2 suppresses self-renewal and induces radiation sensitivity in atypical rhabdoid teratoid tumor cells. Neuro Oncol 2012. [PMID: 23190500 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overexpression of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) subunit Enhancer of Zeste 2 (EZH2) occurs in several malignancies, including prostate cancer, breast cancer, medulloblastoma, and glioblastoma multiforme. Recent evidence suggests that EZH2 may also have a role in rhabdoid tumors. Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a rare, high-grade embryonal brain tumor that occurs most commonly in young children and carries a very poor prognosis. ATRTs are characterized by absence of the chromatin remodeling protein SMARCB1. Given the role of EZH2 in regulating epigenetic changes, we investigated the role of EZH2 in ATRT. METHODS Microarray analysis was used to evaluate expression of EZH2 in ATRT tumor samples. We used shRNA and a chemical inhibitor of EZH2 to examine the impact of EZH2 inhibition on cell growth, proliferation, and tumor cell self-renewal. RESULTS Here, we show that targeted disruption of EZH2 by RNAi or pharmacologic inhibition strongly impairs ATRT cell growth, suppresses tumor cell self-renewal, induces apoptosis, and potently sensitizes these cells to radiation. Using functional analysis of transcription factor activity, we found the cyclin D1-E2F axis to be repressed after EZH2 depletion in ATRT cells. CONCLUSIONS Our observations provide evidence that EZH2 disruption alters cell cycle progression and may be an important new therapeutic target, particularly in combination with radiation, in ATRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Alimova
- Department of Pediatrics and Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Alimova I, Venkataraman S, Harris P, Marquez VE, Northcott PA, Dubuc A, Taylor MD, Foreman NK, Vibhakar R. Targeting the enhancer of zeste homologue 2 in medulloblastoma. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:1800-9. [PMID: 22287205 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of Polycomb repressive complex 2 that catalyzes the trimethylation of histone H3 on Lys 27, and represses gene transcription. EZH2 enhances cancer-cell proliferation and regulates stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that EZH2 is highly expressed in medulloblastoma, a highly malignant brain tumor of childhood, and this altered expression is correlated with genomic gain of chromosome 7 in a subset of medulloblastoma. Inhibition of EZH2 by RNAi suppresses medulloblastoma tumor cell growth. We show that 3-deazaneplanocin A, a chemical inhibitor of EZH2, can suppress medulloblastoma cell growth partially by inducing apoptosis. Suppression of EZH2 expression diminishes the ability of tumor cells to form spheres in culture and strongly represses the ability of known oncogenes to transform neural stem cells. These findings establish a role of EZH2 in medulloblastoma and identify EZH2 as a potential therapeutic target especially in high-risk tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Alimova
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital and University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, CO, USA
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Fleming AJ, Hukin J, Rassekh R, Fryer C, Kim J, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Birks DK, Huang A, Yip S, Dunham C. Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs): the British Columbia's Children's Hospital's experience, 1986-2006. Brain Pathol 2012; 22:625-35. [PMID: 22188464 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2011.00561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As "atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors" (ATRTs) may mimic "small round blue cell tumors" (SRBCT), we reexamined our ATRT experience focusing upon INI-1 immunohistochemistry (IHC). All high-grade pediatric brain tumors occurring from 1986-2006 at our institution underwent INI-1 IHC. Clinicopathologic data from each INI-1 immunonegative case were reviewed. Additional genetic, epigenetic and IHC analyses (including interrogation of INI-1 and CLDN6) were performed on a subset of the INI-1 immunonegative cases. Twelve INI-1 IHC negative tumors were identified retrospectively, of which only two previously carried the diagnosis of ATRT. Overall, the clinicopathologic and genetic data supported the assertion that all 12 cases represented ATRT. Unexpectedly, three long-term survivors (4.2, 7.0 and 8.5 years) were identified. As hypothesized, "teratoid" and "rhabdoid" histologic features were relatively infrequent despite gross total resections in some cases. Methylation specific polymer chain reaction (PCR) (MSP) revealed a uniform methylation pattern across all cases and gene promoters tested (ie, MGMT, HIC1, MLH3 and RASSF1); notably, all cases demonstrated unmethylated MGMT promoters. Our data demonstate that a primitive non-rhabdoid histophenotype is common among ATRTs and highlights the diagnostic importance of INI-1 IHC. Epigenetically, the MGMT promoter is usually unmethylated in ATRT, suggesting that potential temozolomide-based chemotherapy may be of limited efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Fleming
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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