1
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Kapteijn MY, Bakker N, Koekkoek JAF, Versteeg HH, Buijs JT. Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Glioblastoma: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Thromb Haemost 2024. [PMID: 39168144 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1789592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Patients with glioblastoma are among the cancer patients with the highest risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Long-term thromboprophylaxis is not generally prescribed because of the increased susceptibility of glioblastoma patients to intracranial hemorrhage. This review provides an overview of the current clinical standard for glioblastoma patients, as well as the molecular and genetic background which underlies the high incidence of VTE. The two main procoagulant proteins involved in glioblastoma-related VTE, podoplanin and tissue factor, are described, in addition to the genetic aberrations that can be linked to a hypercoagulable state in glioblastoma. Furthermore, possible novel biomarkers and future treatment strategies are discussed, along with the potential of sequencing approaches toward personalized risk prediction for VTE. A glioblastoma-specific VTE risk stratification model may help identifying those patients in which the increased risk of bleeding due to extended anticoagulation is outweighed by the decreased risk of VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Y Kapteijn
- Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Bakker
- Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A F Koekkoek
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henri H Versteeg
- Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen T Buijs
- Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Wang TF, Chen Q, Deng J, Li SL, Xu Y, Ma SX. Research progress on venous thrombosis development in patients with malignant tumors. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:1900-1908. [PMID: 38660542 PMCID: PMC11036524 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i11.1900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) within patients with cancer, known as cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT), stands as a prominent cause of mortality in this population. Over recent years, the incidence of VTE has demonstrated a steady increase across diverse tumor types, influenced by several factors such as patient management, tumor-specific risks, and treatment-related aspects. Furthermore, mutations in specific genes have been identified as potential contributors to increased CAT occurrence in particular cancer subtypes. We conducted an extensive review encompassing pivotal historical and ongoing studies on CAT. This review elucidates the risks, mechanisms, reliable markers, and risk assessment methodologies that can significantly guide effective interventions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Fei Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shi-Liang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Si-Xing Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
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3
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Fares J, Wan Y, Mair R, Price SJ. Molecular diversity in isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild-type glioblastoma. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae108. [PMID: 38646145 PMCID: PMC11032202 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In the dynamic landscape of glioblastoma, the 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System tumours endeavoured to establish biological homogeneity, yet isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild-type (IDH-wt) glioblastoma persists as a tapestry of clinical and molecular diversity. Intertumoural heterogeneity in IDH-wt glioblastoma presents a formidable challenge in treatment strategies. Recent strides in genetics and molecular biology have enhanced diagnostic precision, revealing distinct subtypes and invasive patterns that influence survival in patients with IDH-wt glioblastoma. Genetic and molecular biomarkers, such as the overexpression of neurofibromin 1, phosphatase and tensin homolog and/or cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, along with specific immune cell abundance and neurotransmitters, correlate with favourable outcomes. Conversely, increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha and/or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, coupled with the prevalence of glioma stem cells, tumour-associated myeloid cells, regulatory T cells and exhausted effector cells, signifies an unfavourable prognosis. The methylation status of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and the influence of microenvironmental factors and neurotransmitters further shape treatment responses. Understanding intertumoural heterogeneity is complemented by insights into intratumoural dynamics and cellular interactions within the tumour microenvironment. Glioma stem cells and immune cell composition significantly impact progression and outcomes, emphasizing the need for personalized therapies targeting pro-tumoural signalling pathways and resistance mechanisms. A successful glioblastoma management demands biomarker identification, combination therapies and a nuanced approach considering intratumoural variability. These advancements herald a transformative era in glioblastoma comprehension and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Fares
- Academic Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Brain Tumour Imaging Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yizhou Wan
- Academic Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Brain Tumour Imaging Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard Mair
- Academic Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stephen J Price
- Academic Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Brain Tumour Imaging Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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4
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Zhao J, Huang A, Zeller J, Peter K, McFadyen JD. Decoding the role of platelets in tumour metastasis: enigmatic accomplices and intricate targets for anticancer treatments. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1256129. [PMID: 38106409 PMCID: PMC10722285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1256129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The canonical role of platelets as central players in cardiovascular disease by way of their fundamental role in mediating thrombosis and haemostasis is well appreciated. However, there is now a large body of experimental evidence demonstrating that platelets are also pivotal in various physiological and pathophysiological processes other than maintaining haemostasis. Foremost amongst these is the emerging data highlighting the key role of platelets in driving cancer growth, metastasis and modulating the tumour microenvironment. As such, there is significant interest in targeting platelets therapeutically for the treatment of cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide an overview of how platelets contribute to the cancer landscape and why platelets present as valuable targets for the development of novel cancer diagnosis tools and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Zhao
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VI, Australia
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VI, Australia
| | - Angela Huang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VI, Australia
| | - Johannes Zeller
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VI, Australia
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VI, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VI, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VI, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VI, Australia
| | - James D. McFadyen
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VI, Australia
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VI, Australia
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VI, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VI, Australia
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5
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He J, Zhang G, Yuan Q, Wang S, Liu Z, Wang M, Cai H, Wan J, Zhao B. Overexpression of Podoplanin Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients With Glioma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023; 31:295-303. [PMID: 37093708 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
High podoplanin (PDPN) expression correlates with poor prognosis in various cancers. However, the expression and clinical value of PDPN in glioma are unclear. In this study, PDPN expression was compared in 227 glioma tissues and 22 paired non-neoplastic tissues, and its association with prognostic factors was statistically analyzed. The effect of PDPN knockdown on the proliferation ability of glioma cells (U87MG and U118MG cell lines) was assessed along with the underlying molecular mechanism. Overexpression of PDPN was observed in the majority of glioma tissues compared with the expression in normal tissues. PDPN overexpression was positively correlated with IDH wild-type status, TERT promoter mutation status, and ATRX retention status, and was negatively correlated with 1p/19q codeletion status. The expression level of PDPN was positively correlated with the glioma grade in the diffuse astrocytoma, IDH wild-type. High PDPN expression was also negatively correlated with survival in astrocytoma patients with IDH mutation or wild-type and in glioblastoma patients with IDH wild-type. Grade, radiochemotherapy, and PDPN overexpression emerged as independent indicators for a poor prognosis of glioma patients. PDPN knockdown suppressed proliferation and reduced p-Akt and p-mTOR protein expression in glioma cells. PDPN is a potential biomarker or therapeutic target for glioma that is closely associated with tumor grade and poor prognosis, which may play a role in enhancing cell proliferation via Akt/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province
| | - Guangtao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Qing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Songquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Mingrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Hongqing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghai Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province
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6
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PDPN contributes to constructing immunosuppressive microenvironment in IDH wildtype glioma. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:345-357. [PMID: 36434176 PMCID: PMC9935394 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (IME) significantly affects tumor occurrence, progression, and prognosis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to make known. We investigated the prognostic significance of PDPN and its role in IME in glioma. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) found PDPN closely related to IDH wildtype status and higher immune score. Correlation analysis suggested PDPN was highly positively relevant to immune checkpoints expression and immune checkpoints block responding status. Correlation analysis together with verification in vitro suggested PDPN highly positively relevant tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression employed to develop the prediction model with TANs and TAMs markers showed that high risk scores predicted worse prognosis. We highlight that PDPN overexpression is an independent prognostic indicator, and promotes macrophage M2 polarization and neutrophil degranulation, ultimately devotes to the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Our findings contribute to re-recognizing the role of PDPN in IDH wildtype gliomas and implicate promising target therapy combined with immunotherapy for this highly malignant tumor.
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7
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Galectin-8 involves in arthritic condylar bone loss via podoplanin/AKT/ERK axis-mediated inflammatory lymphangiogenesis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:753-765. [PMID: 36702375 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the maintenance of tissue fluid homeostasis and the immunological response to inflammation. Galectin-8 (Gal-8) regulates pathological lymphangiogenesis but the effects of which on inflammation-related condylar bone loss in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) have not been well studied. DESIGN We used TNFα-transgenic (TNFTG) mice and their wildtype (WT) littermates to compare their inflammatory phenotype in TMJs. Next, lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) were used to examine the effects of which on osteoclast formation, pro-inflammatory factor expression, and inflammatory lymphangiogenesis with or without thiodigalactoside (TDG, a Gal-8 inhibitor) treatment. At last, two murine models (TNFTG arthritic model and forced mouth opening model) were used to explore TDG as a potential drug for the treatment of inflammation-related condylar bone loss. RESULTS In comparison to WT mice, lymphatic areas of lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor 1 (LYVE1)+/podoplanin (PDPN)+ and Gal-8+/PDPN+, TRAP-positive osteoclast number, and condylar bone loss are increased in TNFTG mice. Inhibition of Gal-8 in LECs by TDG, reduces TNFα-induced osteoclast formation, pro-inflammatory factor expression, and inflammatory lymphangiogenesis. In addition, Gal-8 promotes TNFα-activated AKT/ERK/NF-κB pathways by binding to PDPN. Finally, the administration of TDG attenuates inflammatory lymphangiogenesis, inhibits osteoclast activity, and reduces condylar bone loss in TNFTG arthritic mice and forced mouth opening mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal the important role of Gal-8-promoted pathological lymphangiogenesis in inflammation-related condylar bone loss.
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8
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Wang Y, Peng D, Huang Y, Cao Y, Li H, Zhang X. Podoplanin: Its roles and functions in neurological diseases and brain cancers. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:964973. [PMID: 36176432 PMCID: PMC9514838 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.964973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin is a small mucin-like glycoprotein involved in several physiological and pathological processes in the brain including development, angiogenesis, tumors, ischemic stroke and other neurological disorders. Podoplanin expression is upregulated in different cell types including choroid plexus epithelial cells, glial cells, as well as periphery infiltrated immune cells during brain development and neurological disorders. As a transmembrane protein, podoplanin interacts with other molecules in the same or neighboring cells. In the past, a lot of studies reported a pleiotropic role of podoplanin in the modulation of thrombosis, inflammation, lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, immune surveillance, epithelial mesenchymal transition, as well as extracellular matrix remodeling in periphery, which have been well summarized and discussed. Recently, mounting evidence demonstrates the distribution and function of this molecule in brain development and neurological disorders. In this review, we summarize the research progresses in understanding the roles and mechanisms of podoplanin in the development and disorders of the nervous system. The challenges of podoplanin-targeted approaches for disease prognosis and preventions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Li, ; Xia Zhang,
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Li, ; Xia Zhang,
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9
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Modrek AS, Eskilsson E, Ezhilarasan R, Wang Q, Goodman LD, Ding Y, Zhang ZY, Bhat KPL, Le TTT, Barthel FP, Tang M, Yang J, Long L, Gumin J, Lang FF, Verhaak RGW, Aldape KD, Sulman EP. PDPN marks a subset of aggressive and radiation-resistant glioblastoma cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:941657. [PMID: 36059614 PMCID: PMC9434399 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.941657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment-resistant glioma stem cells are thought to propagate and drive growth of malignant gliomas, but their markers and our ability to target them specifically are not well understood. We demonstrate that podoplanin (PDPN) expression is an independent prognostic marker in gliomas across multiple independent patient cohorts comprising both high- and low-grade gliomas. Knockdown of PDPN radiosensitized glioma cell lines and glioma-stem-like cells (GSCs). Clonogenic assays and xenograft experiments revealed that PDPN expression was associated with radiotherapy resistance and tumor aggressiveness. We further demonstrate that knockdown of PDPN in GSCs in vivo is sufficient to improve overall survival in an intracranial xenograft mouse model. PDPN therefore identifies a subset of aggressive, treatment-resistant glioma cells responsible for radiation resistance and may serve as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram S. Modrek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University (NYU) Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eskil Eskilsson
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ravesanker Ezhilarasan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University (NYU) Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Qianghu Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lindsey D. Goodman
- Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yingwen Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University (NYU) Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ze-Yan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University (NYU) Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Krishna P. L. Bhat
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thanh-Thuy T. Le
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Ming Tang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University (NYU) Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lihong Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joy Gumin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Frederick F. Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Kenneth D. Aldape
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Erik P. Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University (NYU) Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- New York University (NYU) Langone Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Erik P. Sulman,
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10
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Markwell SM, Ross JL, Olson CL, Brat DJ. Necrotic reshaping of the glioma microenvironment drives disease progression. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:291-310. [PMID: 35039931 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor and has a dismal prognosis. The development of central necrosis represents a tipping point in the evolution of these tumors that foreshadows aggressive expansion, swiftly leading to mortality. The onset of necrosis, severe hypoxia and associated radial glioma expansion correlates with dramatic tumor microenvironment (TME) alterations that accelerate tumor growth. In the past, most have concluded that hypoxia and necrosis must arise due to "cancer outgrowing its blood supply" when rapid tumor growth outpaces metabolic supply, leading to diffusion-limited hypoxia. However, growing evidence suggests that microscopic intravascular thrombosis driven by the neoplastic overexpression of pro-coagulants attenuates glioma blood supply (perfusion-limited hypoxia), leading to TME restructuring that includes breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, immunosuppressive immune cell accumulation, microvascular hyperproliferation, glioma stem cell enrichment and tumor cell migration outward. Cumulatively, these adaptations result in rapid tumor expansion, resistance to therapeutic interventions and clinical progression. To inform future translational investigations, the complex interplay among environmental cues and myriad cell types that contribute to this aggressive phenotype requires better understanding. This review focuses on contributions from intratumoral thrombosis, the effects of hypoxia and necrosis, the adaptive and innate immune responses, and the current state of targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Markwell
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave. Ward 3-140, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James L Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheryl L Olson
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave. Ward 3-140, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel J Brat
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave. Ward 3-140, Chicago, IL, USA.
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11
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Suzuki H, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Roles of Podoplanin in Malignant Progression of Tumor. Cells 2022; 11:575. [PMID: 35159384 PMCID: PMC8834262 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin (PDPN) is a cell-surface mucin-like glycoprotein that plays a critical role in tumor development and normal development of the lung, kidney, and lymphatic vascular systems. PDPN is overexpressed in several tumors and is involved in their malignancy. PDPN induces platelet aggregation through binding to platelet receptor C-type lectin-like receptor 2. Furthermore, PDPN modulates signal transductions that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and stemness, all of which are crucial for the malignant progression of tumor. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), PDPN expression is upregulated in the tumor stroma, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and immune cells. CAFs play significant roles in the extracellular matrix remodeling and the development of immunosuppressive TME. Additionally, PDPN functions as a co-inhibitory molecule on T cells, indicating its involvement with immune evasion. In this review, we describe the mechanistic basis and diverse roles of PDPN in the malignant progression of tumors and discuss the possibility of the clinical application of PDPN-targeted cancer therapy, including cancer-specific monoclonal antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor T technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
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12
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Nakata Y, Kono H, Akazawa Y, Hirayama K, Wakana H, Fukushima H, Sun C, Fujii H. Role of podoplanin and Kupffer cells in liver injury after ischemia-reperfusion in mice. Surg Today 2022; 52:344-353. [PMID: 34568969 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-021-02378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationship between the intrahepatic expression of podoplanin (PDPN) and Kupffer cells (KCs) in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) liver damage. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were injected with 200 µl of clodronate liposomes (macrophage depletion; MDP group) to deplete KCs or control liposomes (control group) via the ophthalmic vein plexus 24 h prior to ischemia. Animals were subjected to 90 min of partial hepatic ischemia (70%), followed by reperfusion, and were then killed at designated time points. Serum and liver tissues were harvested for further analyses. RESULTS Serum ALT levels, mortality rates, and the percentage of necrotic area in liver sections were significantly higher in the MDP group than in the control group. PDPN was expressed in the lymphatic epithelium, interlobular bile duct epithelium, and in some hepatocytes in each group. Its expression in hepatocytes was down-regulated in the MDP group. The accumulation of platelets in the sinusoid was reduced 6 h after I/R in the MDP group. Tissue HGF and IGF-1 levels decreased in the MDP group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that KCs play a key role in the activation of platelets through direct contact with PDPN-positive hepatocytes in I/R livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Nakata
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kono
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Akazawa
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hirayama
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Wakana
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hisataka Fukushima
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Chao Sun
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010030, China
| | - Hideki Fujii
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
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13
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Yu W, Wu P, Wang F, Miao L, Han B, Jiang Z. Construction of Novel Methylation-Driven Gene Model and Investigation of PARVB Function in Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:705547. [PMID: 34568031 PMCID: PMC8461318 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.705547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by widespread genetic and transcriptional heterogeneity. Aberrant DNA methylation plays a vital role in GBM progression by regulating gene expression. However, little is known about the role of methylation and its association with prognosis in GBM. Our aim was to explore DNA methylation-driven genes (DMDGs) and provide evidence for survival prediction and individualized treatment of GBM patients. Methods Use of the MethylMix R package identified DMDGs in GBM. The prognostic signature of DMDGs based on the risk score was constructed by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and C-index were applied to assess the predictive performance of the DMDG prognostic signature. The predictive ability of the multigene signature model was validated in TCGA and CGGA cohorts. Finally, the role of DMDG β-Parvin (PARVB) was explored in vitro. Results The prognostic signature of DMDGs was constructed based on six genes (MDK, NMNAT3, PDPN, PARVB, SERPINB1, and UPP1). The low-risk cohort had significantly better survival than the high-risk cohort (p < 0.001). The area under the curve of the ROC of the six-gene signature was 0.832, 0.927, and 0.980 within 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. The C-index of 0.704 indicated superior specificity and sensitivity. The six-gene model has been demonstrated to be an independent prognostic factor for GBM. In addition, joint survival analysis indicated that the MDK, NMNAT3, PARVB, SERPINB1, and UPP1 genes were significantly associated with prognosis and therapeutic targets for GBM. Importantly, our DMDG prognostic model was more suitable and accurate for low-grade gliomas. Finally, we verified that PARVB induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition partially through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, which in turn promoted GBM cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Conclusion This study demonstrated the potential value of the prognostic signature of DMDGs and provided important bioinformatic and potential therapeutic target data to facilitate individualized treatment for GBM, and to elucidate the specific mechanism by which PARVB promotes GBM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gaoxin Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Miao
- Central Laboratory, Gaoxin Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gaoxin Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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14
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Dang S, Zhang R, Tian S, Hou P, Li G, Ji M. MicroRNA‑218 inhibits the malignant phenotypes of glioma by modulating the TNC/AKT/AP‑1/TGFβ1 feedback signaling loop. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:205. [PMID: 34558654 PMCID: PMC8480380 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most malignant and common tumors of the human brain, and the prognosis of glioma patients is extremely poor MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) play critical roles in different types of cancer by performing post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression Although miR-218 has been demonstrated to be decreased in gliomas, its role in gliomas remains largely unknown miR-218 expression was analyzed in gliomas and normal brain tissues (control subjects) using a dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas A series of in vitro and in vivo studies were performed to determine the biological roles of miR-218 in glioma cells Potential targets of miR-218 were identified using a dual-luciferase reporter system Western blot and dual-luciferase reporter system experiments were performed to evaluate the regulatory effect of miR-218 on the tenascin C (TNC)/AKT/activator protein 1 (AP-1)/transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) pathway It was demonstrated that miR-218 was significantly downregulated in gliomas compared with control subjects, and played potent tumor suppressor roles in glioma cells by inhibiting cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion and tumorigenic potential in nude mice, as well as inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis Mechanistically, miR-218 inhibited malignant phenotypes of glioma cells by binding to the 3′-untranslated region of its target TNC and subsequently suppressing its expression As a result, miR-218 could reduce AKT phosphorylation and subsequently inhibit transcriptional activity of AP-1 by reducing JNK phosphorylation, downregulating the expression of TGFβ1, while TGFβ1 was able to, in turn, activate the TNC/AKT/AP-1 signaling axis Our data revealed a previously unknown tumor suppressor role of miR-218 by blocking the TNC/AKT/AP-1/TGFβ1-positive feedback loop in glioma
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Dang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Sijia Tian
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Peng Hou
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Meiju Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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15
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Muster V, Gary T. Contrasts in Glioblastoma-Venous Thromboembolism versus Bleeding Risk. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061414. [PMID: 34200229 PMCID: PMC8228034 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is among the tumor entities with an extreme thrombogenic potential and patients are at very high risk of developing a venous thromboembolism (VTE) over the course of the disease, with an incidence of up to 30% per year. Major efforts are currently being made to understand and gain novel insights into the underlying pathomechanisms of the development of VTE in patients with glioblastoma and to find appropriate biomarkers. Yet, patients with glioblastoma not only face a high thromboembolic risk but are also at risk of bleeding events. In the case of VTE, a therapeutic anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin or, in the case of low bleeding risk, treatment with a direct oral anticoagulant, is recommended, according to recently published guidelines. With respect to an elevated bleeding risk in glioblastoma patients, therapeutic anticoagulation remains challenging in this patient group and prospective data for this vulnerable patient group are scarce, particularly with regard to direct oral anticoagulants.
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16
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Nanamiya R, Takei J, Asano T, Sano M, Tanaka T, Hosono H, Harada H, Sakai Y, Mizuno T, Suzuki H, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Ferret Podoplanin Is Detected by PMab-241 in Immunohistochemistry. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2021; 40:134-140. [PMID: 34161160 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2021.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin (PDPN) plays an important role in the development of many normal tissues and is expressed in various cancers. We have previously developed multiple monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against PDPNs from a variety of animal species and characterized each of these PDPNs using the anti-PDPN mAbs. In this study, we evaluated whether these anti-PDPN mAbs possess cross-reactivity with ferret PDPN (ferPDPN) using flow cytometry. Comprehensive analysis using 17 differing anti-PDPN mAbs available for immunohistochemistry use, demonstrated that the anti-bear PDPN mAb (clone PMab-241) strongly cross-reacts with ferPDPN-overexpressed Chinese hamster ovary-K1 (CHO/ferPDPN) cells. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated intense PMab-241 staining within Bowman's capsules and glomeruli of the ferret kidney, and lymphatic endothelial cells of the ferret lung. These results demonstrate that PMab-241 is suitable for the detection of PDPN in ferret tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Nanamiya
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junko Takei
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teizo Asano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masato Sano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideki Hosono
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takuya Mizuno
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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17
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Glioblastoma cell populations with distinct oncogenic programs release podoplanin as procoagulant extracellular vesicles. Blood Adv 2021; 5:1682-1694. [PMID: 33720339 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular anomalies, including local and peripheral thrombosis, are a hallmark of glioblastoma (GBM) and an aftermath of deregulation of the cancer cell genome and epigenome. Although the molecular effectors of these changes are poorly understood, the upregulation of podoplanin (PDPN) by cancer cells has recently been linked to an increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in GBM patients. Therefore, regulation of this platelet-activating protein by transforming events in cancer cells is of considerable interest. We used single-cell and bulk transcriptome data mining, as well as cellular and xenograft models in mice, to analyze the nature of cells expressing PDPN, as well as their impact on the activation of the coagulation system and platelets. We report that PDPN is expressed by distinct (mesenchymal) GBM cell subpopulations and downregulated by oncogenic mutations of EGFR and IDH1 genes, along with changes in chromatin modifications (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) and DNA methylation. Glioma cells exteriorize their PDPN and/or tissue factor (TF) as cargo of exosome-like extracellular vesicles (EVs) shed from cells in vitro and in vivo. Injection of glioma-derived podoplanin carrying extracelluar vesicles (PDPN-EVs) activates platelets, whereas tissue factor carrying extracellular vesicles (TF-EVs) activate the clotting cascade. Similarly, an increase in platelet activation (platelet factor 4) or coagulation (D-dimer) markers occurs in mice harboring the corresponding glioma xenografts expressing PDPN or TF, respectively. Coexpression of PDPN and TF by GBM cells cooperatively affects tumor microthrombosis. Thus, in GBM, distinct cellular subsets drive multiple facets of cancer-associated thrombosis and may represent targets for phenotype- and cell type-based diagnosis and antithrombotic intervention.
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18
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A Set of Cell Lines Derived from a Genetic Murine Glioblastoma Model Recapitulates Molecular and Morphological Characteristics of Human Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020230. [PMID: 33435218 PMCID: PMC7827614 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and almost inevitably lethal brain tumor. Animal models for GBM are crucial to study how the tumor evolves in vivo and to test novel treatment options. Most currently available models are based on the transplantation of human GBM cells into mice with a defective immune system. However, this approach does not allow to study the contribution of immune cells to GBM growth and to test immunotherapies. Transplantation of murine GBM cells overcomes this limitation, however, up to now, only a limited number, which mostly do not mimic important characteristics of human GBM, have been available. Via in vivo passaging, we established a set of murine GBM cell lines that (i) can be easily cultivated and further genetically manipulated, (ii) upon transplantation develop tumors with phenotypic and pathological features of human GBM, and (iii) are available to be shared with the scientific community. Abstract Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most aggressive tumors affecting the central nervous system in adults, causing death within, on average, 15 months after diagnosis. Immunocompetent in-vivo models that closely mirror human GBM are urgently needed for deciphering glioma biology and for the development of effective treatment options. The murine GBM cell lines currently available for engraftment in immunocompetent mice are not only exiguous but also inadequate in representing prominent characteristics of human GBM such as infiltrative behavior, necrotic areas, and pronounced tumor heterogeneity. Therefore, we generated a set of glioblastoma cell lines by repeated in vivo passaging of cells isolated from a neural stem cell-specific Pten/p53 double-knockout genetic mouse brain tumor model. Transcriptome and genome analyses of the cell lines revealed molecular heterogeneity comparable to that observed in human glioblastoma. Upon orthotopic transplantation into syngeneic hosts, they formed high-grade gliomas that faithfully recapitulated the histopathological features, invasiveness and immune cell infiltration characteristic of human glioblastoma. These features make our cell lines unique and useful tools to study multiple aspects of glioblastoma pathomechanism and to test novel treatments in an intact immune microenvironment.
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19
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Wu Z, Nicoll M, Ingham RJ. AP-1 family transcription factors: a diverse family of proteins that regulate varied cellular activities in classical hodgkin lymphoma and ALK+ ALCL. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:4. [PMID: 33413671 PMCID: PMC7792353 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-020-00197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ ALCL) are B and T cell lymphomas respectively, which express the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member, CD30. Another feature shared by cHL and ALK+ ALCL is the aberrant expression of multiple members of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) family of transcription factors which includes proteins of the Jun, Fos, ATF, and Maf subfamilies. In this review, we highlight the varied roles these proteins play in the pathobiology of these lymphomas including promoting proliferation, suppressing apoptosis, and evading the host immune response. In addition, we discuss factors contributing to the elevated expression of these transcription factors in cHL and ALK+ ALCL. Finally, we examine therapeutic strategies for these lymphomas that exploit AP-1 transcriptional targets or the signalling pathways they regulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoqiao Wu
- grid.17089.37Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Present Address: Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mary Nicoll
- grid.17089.37Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Present Address: Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robert J. Ingham
- grid.17089.37Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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20
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Mehrjardi NZ, Hänggi D, Kahlert UD. Current biomarker-associated procedures of cancer modeling-a reference in the context of IDH1 mutant glioma. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:998. [PMID: 33221817 PMCID: PMC7680457 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH1/2) are central molecular markers for glioblastoma. Providing in vitro or in vivo models with mutated IDH1/2 can help prepare facilities to understand the biology of these mutated genes as glioma markers, as well as help, improve therapeutic strategies. In this review, we first summarize the biology principles of IDH and its mutations and outline the core primary findings in the clinical context of neuro-oncology. Given the extensive research interest and exciting developments in current stem cell biology and genome editing, the central part of the manuscript is dedicated to introducing various routes of disease modeling strategies of IDH mutation (IDHMut) glioma and comparing the scientific-technological findings from the field using different engineering methods. Lastly, by giving our perspective on the benefits and limitations of patient-derived and donor-derived disease modeling respectively, we aim to propose leading research questions to be answered in the context of IDH1 and glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Zare Mehrjardi
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Hänggi
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulf Dietrich Kahlert
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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21
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Intratumoral platelet aggregate formation in a murine preclinical glioma model depends on podoplanin expression on tumor cells. Blood Adv 2020; 3:1092-1102. [PMID: 30948364 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018015966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of the sialomucin-like transmembrane glycoprotein podoplanin (PDPN) to the platelet receptor C-type lectin-like receptor 2 induces platelet activation and aggregation. In human high-grade gliomas, PDPN is highly expressed both in tumor cells and in tumor-associated astrocytes. In glioma patients, high expression of PDPN is associated with worse prognosis and has been shown to correlate with intratumoral platelet aggregation and an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). To functionally assess the role of PDPN in platelet aggregation in vivo, we established a syngeneic orthotopic murine glioma model in C57/Bl6 mice, based on transplantation of p53- and Pten-deficient neural stem cells. This model is characterized by the presence of intratumoral platelet aggregates and by the upregulation of PDPN both in glioma cells and in astrocytes, reflecting the characteristics of human gliomas. Deletion of PDPN either in tumor cells or in astrocytes resulted in glioma formation with similar penetrance and grade compared with control mice. Importantly, only the lack of PDPN in tumor cells, but not in astrocytes, caused a significant reduction in intratumoral platelet aggregates, whereas in vitro, both cell types have similar platelet aggregation-inducing capacities. Our results demonstrate a causative link between PDPN and platelet aggregation in gliomas and pinpoint the tumor cells as the major players in PDPN-induced platelet aggregation. Our data indicate that blocking PDPN specifically on tumor cells could represent a novel strategy to prevent platelet aggregation and thereby reduce the risk of VTE in glioma patients.
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22
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Eisemann T, Costa B, Harter PN, Wick W, Mittelbronn M, Angel P, Peterziel H. Podoplanin expression is a prognostic biomarker but may be dispensable for the malignancy of glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2020; 21:326-336. [PMID: 30418623 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment options of glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary brain tumor with frequent relapses and high mortality, are still very limited, urgently calling for novel therapeutic targets. Expression of the glycoprotein podoplanin correlates with poor prognosis in various cancer entities, including glioblastoma. Furthermore, podoplanin has been associated with tumor cell migration and proliferation in vitro; however, experimental data on its function in gliomagenesis in vivo are still missing. Hence, we have functionally investigated the impact of podoplanin on glioblastoma in a preclinical mouse model to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target. METHODS Fluorescence activated cell sorting, genome-wide expression analysis, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9)-mediated deletion of podoplanin in patient-derived human glioblastoma cells were combined with organotypic brain slice cultures and intracranial injections into mice. RESULTS We defined a malignant gene signature in tumor cells with high podoplanin expression. The increase and/or maintenance of high podoplanin expression in serial transplantations and in podoplaninlow-sorted glioblastoma cells during outgrowth indicated the association of high podoplanin expression and poor outcome. Unexpectedly, similar rates of proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and invasion were observed in control and podoplanin-deleted tumors. Accordingly, neither tumor growth nor survival was affected upon podoplanin loss. CONCLUSION We report that tumor progression occurs independently of podoplanin. Thus, in contrast to previous suggestions, blocking of podoplanin does not represent a promising therapeutic approach. However, as podoplanin is associated with tumor aggressiveness and progression, we propose the cell surface protein as a biomarker for poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Eisemann
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Costa
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuro-oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg.,Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Peter Angel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Peterziel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK)
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23
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Sun C, Xiao L, Zhao Y, Shi J, Yuan Y, Gu Y, Zhang F, Gao X, Yang Y, Yang R, Qin J, Zhang J, Wang C, Wang Y, Wang Z, Hu P, Chang T, Wang L, Wang G, Chen H, Li Z, Ye J. Wild-Type IDH1 and Mutant IDH1 Opposingly Regulate Podoplanin Expression in Glioma. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100758. [PMID: 32208352 PMCID: PMC7097522 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations occur frequently in lower-grade gliomas, which result in genome-wide epigenetic alterations. The wild-type IDH1 is reported to participate in lipid biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism, but its role in tumorigenesis is still unclear. In this study, the expressions of IDH1 and podoplanin (Pdpn) were determined in IDH-mutated and IDH-wild-type gliomas, and their relationships in glioma were further analyzed. In addition, the regulation of wild-type IDH1 and mutant IDH1 on Pdpn expression was investigated by luciferase assays and promoter methylation analysis. Our study showed that Pdpn was almost undetectable in IDH-mutated glioma but strongly expressed in higher-grade IDH-wild-type glioma. Pdpn overexpression promoted the migration of glioma cells but had little effect on cell growth. Moreover, Pdpn expression was positively correlated with the increased wild-type IDH1 levels in IDH-wild-type glioma. Consistently, the wild-type IDH1 greatly promoted the transcription and expression of Pdpn, but the mutant IDH1 and D-2-hydroxyglutarate significantly suppressed Pdpn expression in glioma cells. Besides, our results revealed that the methylation of CpG islands in the Pdpn promoter was opposingly regulated by wild-type and mutant IDH1 in glioma. Collectively, our results indicated that wild-type and mutant IDH1 opposingly controlled the Pdpn expression in glioma by regulating its promoter methylation, which provides a basis for understanding the relationship between wild-type and mutant IDH1 in epigenetic regulation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China, 710032; Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710032
| | - Liming Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China, 710032
| | - Yuanlin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China, 710032
| | - Jiankuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China, 710032; Department of Neurology, International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, China, 710100
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China, 710032
| | - Yu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China, 710032
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China, 710032
| | - Xing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China, 710032
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China, 710032
| | - Risheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China, 710032
| | - Junhui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China, 710032
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China, 710032
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pathology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China, 610083
| | - Yingmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China, 710032
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China, 710032
| | - Peizhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China, 710032
| | - Ting Chang
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710032
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710032
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the 74th Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, China, 510318
| | - Huangtao Chen
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710061
| | - Zhuyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710032.
| | - Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China, 710032; Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710032.
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Platelets and cancer-associated thrombosis: focusing on the platelet activation receptor CLEC-2 and podoplanin. Blood 2020; 134:1912-1918. [PMID: 31778548 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with cancer have an increased risk of thromboembolism, which is the second leading cause of death in these patients. Several mechanisms of the prothrombotic state in these patients have been proposed. Among them are a platelet activation receptor, C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2), and its endogenous ligand podoplanin, which are the focus of this review. CLEC-2 is almost specifically expressed in platelets/megakaryocytes in humans. A membrane protein, podoplanin is expressed in certain types of cancer cells, including squamous cell carcinoma, brain tumor, and osteosarcoma, in addition to several normal tissues, including kidney podocytes and lymphatic endothelial cells but not vascular endothelial cells. In the bloodstream, podoplanin induces platelet activation by binding to CLEC-2 and facilitates hematogenous cancer metastasis and cancer-associated thrombosis. In an experimental lung metastasis model, the pharmacological depletion of CLEC-2 from platelets in mice resulted in a marked reduction of lung metastasis of podoplanin-expressing B16F10 cells. Control mice with B16F10 orthotopically inoculated in the back skin showed massive thrombus formation in the lungs, but the cancer-associated thrombus formation in CLEC-2-depleted mice was significantly inhibited, suggesting that CLEC-2-podoplanin interaction stimulates cancer-associated thrombosis. Thromboinflammation induced ectopic podoplanin expression in vascular endothelial cells or macrophages, which may also contribute to cancer-associated thrombosis. CLEC-2 depletion in cancer-bearing mice resulted in not only reduced cancer-associated thrombosis but also reduced levels of plasma inflammatory cytokines, anemia, and sarcopenia, suggesting that cancer-associated thrombosis may cause thromboinflammation and cancer cachexia. Blocking CLEC-2-podoplanin interaction may be a novel therapeutic strategy in patients with podoplanin-expressing cancer.
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Cicvaric A, Sachernegg HM, Stojanovic T, Symmank D, Smani T, Moeslinger T, Uhrin P, Monje FJ. Podoplanin Gene Disruption in Mice Promotes in vivo Neural Progenitor Cells Proliferation, Selectively Impairs Dentate Gyrus Synaptic Depression and Induces Anxiety-Like Behaviors. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 13:561. [PMID: 32009902 PMCID: PMC6974453 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin (Pdpn), a brain-tumor-related glycoprotein identified in humans and animals, is endogenously expressed in several organs critical for life support such as kidney, lung, heart and brain. In the brain, Pdpn has been identified in proliferative nestin-positive adult neural progenitor cells and in neurons of the neurogenic hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), a structure associated to anxiety, critical for learning and memory functions and severely damaged in people with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The in vivo role of Pdpn in adult neurogenesis and anxiety-like behavior remained however unexplored. Using mice with disrupted Pdpn gene as a model organism and applying combined behavioral, molecular biological and electrophysiological assays, we here show that the absence of Pdpn selectively impairs long-term synaptic depression in the neurogenic DG without affecting the CA3-Schaffer's collateral-CA1 synapses. Pdpn deletion also enhanced the proliferative capacity of DG neural progenitor cells and diminished survival of differentiated neuronal cells in vitro. In addition, mice with podoplanin gene disruption showed increased anxiety-like behaviors in experimentally validated behavioral tests as compared to wild type littermate controls. Together, these findings broaden our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms influencing hippocampal synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis in vivo and reveal Pdpn as a novel molecular target for future studies addressing general anxiety disorder and synaptic depression-related memory dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cicvaric
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannah M. Sachernegg
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamara Stojanovic
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dörte Symmank
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tarik Smani
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/University of Seville/CIBERCV, Seville, Spain
| | - Thomas Moeslinger
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francisco J. Monje
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Suzuki-Inoue K. Platelets and cancer-associated thrombosis: focusing on the platelet activation receptor CLEC-2 and podoplanin. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2019; 2019:175-181. [PMID: 31808911 PMCID: PMC6913448 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2019001388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Patients with cancer have an increased risk of thromboembolism, which is the second leading cause of death in these patients. Several mechanisms of the prothrombotic state in these patients have been proposed. Among them are a platelet activation receptor, C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2), and its endogenous ligand podoplanin, which are the focus of this review. CLEC-2 is almost specifically expressed in platelets/megakaryocytes in humans. A membrane protein, podoplanin is expressed in certain types of cancer cells, including squamous cell carcinoma, brain tumor, and osteosarcoma, in addition to several normal tissues, including kidney podocytes and lymphatic endothelial cells but not vascular endothelial cells. In the bloodstream, podoplanin induces platelet activation by binding to CLEC-2 and facilitates hematogenous cancer metastasis and cancer-associated thrombosis. In an experimental lung metastasis model, the pharmacological depletion of CLEC-2 from platelets in mice resulted in a marked reduction of lung metastasis of podoplanin-expressing B16F10 cells. Control mice with B16F10 orthotopically inoculated in the back skin showed massive thrombus formation in the lungs, but the cancer-associated thrombus formation in CLEC-2-depleted mice was significantly inhibited, suggesting that CLEC-2-podoplanin interaction stimulates cancer-associated thrombosis. Thromboinflammation induced ectopic podoplanin expression in vascular endothelial cells or macrophages, which may also contribute to cancer-associated thrombosis. CLEC-2 depletion in cancer-bearing mice resulted in not only reduced cancer-associated thrombosis but also reduced levels of plasma inflammatory cytokines, anemia, and sarcopenia, suggesting that cancer-associated thrombosis may cause thromboinflammation and cancer cachexia. Blocking CLEC-2-podoplanin interaction may be a novel therapeutic strategy in patients with podoplanin-expressing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsue Suzuki-Inoue
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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27
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GPD1 Specifically Marks Dormant Glioma Stem Cells with a Distinct Metabolic Profile. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:241-257.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Podoplanin, a Potential Therapeutic Target for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7457013. [PMID: 31321241 PMCID: PMC6610758 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7457013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The role of podoplanin (PDPN) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is still unknown. The aims of this study were to investigate the expression and role of PDPN in NPC cells. Materials and Methods Immunofluorescence staining and functional tests were used to determine the effects of PDPN knockdown by siRNA in TW01 NPC cells. Microarray analysis was conducted to identify genes regulated by PDPN. The molecular mechanism of PDPN on NPC cells was further determined by Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA). Results PDPN was expressed in most TW01 NPC cells. PDPN knockdown by siRNA decreased NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The microarray data showed 63 upregulated genes and 12 downregulated genes following PDPN knockdown. The top 5 most upregulated genes analyzed by IPA were IFI27, IFI44L, IFI6, OAS1, and TRIM22, and the most relevant pathway was the interferon signaling pathway. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to show that knocking down PDPN leads to suppression of NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Our results suggest that PDPN may serve as a potential chemotherapeutic target for NPC treatment in the future.
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Watanabe J, Natsumeda M, Okada M, Kanemaru Y, Tsukamoto Y, Oishi M, Kakita A, Fujii Y. Podoplanin Expression and IDH-Wildtype Status Predict Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with High-Grade Gliomas in the Early Postoperative Period. World Neurosurg 2019; 128:e982-e988. [PMID: 31100523 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Venous thromboembolism (VTE) often is encountered in patients with high-grade gliomas. The underlying mechanisms are unclear, as is the optimal prophylactic protocol. The purpose of the present study was to identify risk factors of VTE and examine the validity of early VTE detection in high-grade gliomas. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of 165 patients with newly diagnosed high-grade glioma treated at Niigata University Hospital during the years 2009 to 2016. If the serum D-dimer levels increased to 5.0 μg/mL or more, computed tomography was performed to detect VTE. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry with antibodies against podoplanin was performed on available 101 tumor tissues. RESULTS Of the 165 patients, 44 (26.7%) developed VTE. Of the 44 patients, 34 (79.5%) developed VTE within 7 days after surgery. No fatal VTE occurred and major complications secondary to anticoagulation occurred in only 2 (1.2%) patients. On multivariate analysis, lower Karnofsky Performance Scale status, podoplanin expression, and isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype status were independently associated with the risk of VTE (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found that most VTEs occurred early in the postoperative period and commonly in patients with lower Karnofsky Performance Scale status and isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype gliomas, which expressed podoplanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Watanabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata.
| | - Manabu Natsumeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata
| | - Masayasu Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata
| | - Yu Kanemaru
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata
| | - Yoshihiro Tsukamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata
| | - Makoto Oishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata
| | - Yukihiko Fujii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata
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30
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Eisemann T, Costa B, Peterziel H, Angel P. Podoplanin Positive Myeloid Cells Promote Glioma Development by Immune Suppression. Front Oncol 2019; 9:187. [PMID: 30972297 PMCID: PMC6443903 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic and interactive tumor microenvironment is conceived as a considerable parameter in tumor development and therapy response. Implementing this knowledge in the development of future cancer treatments could provide novel options in the combat of highly aggressive and difficult-to-treat tumors such as gliomas. One compartment of the tumor microenvironment that has gained growing interest is the immune system. As endogenous defense machinery the immune system has the capacity to fight against cancer cells. This, however, is frequently circumvented by tumor cells engaging immune-regulatory mechanisms that disable tumor-directed immune responses. Thus, in order to unlock the immune system against cancer cells, it is crucial to characterize in great detail individual tumor-associated immune cell subpopulations and dissect whether and how they influence immune evasion. In this study we investigated the function of a tumor-associated myeloid cell subpopulation characterized by podoplanin expression on the development of high-grade glioma tumors. Here, we show that the deletion of podoplanin in myeloid cells results in increased (CD8+) T-cell infiltrates and significantly prolonged survival in an orthotopic transplantation model. In vitro co-cultivation experiments indicate a podoplanin-dependent transcriptional regulation of arginase-1, a well-known player in myeloid cell-mediated immune suppression. These findings identify podoplanin positive myeloid cells as one novel mediator of the glioma-induced immune suppression. Thus, the targeted ablation of podoplanin positive myeloid cells could be included in combinatorial cancer therapies to enhance immune-mediated tumor elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Eisemann
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Costa
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Peterziel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Program, Hopp Children's Cancer Center at NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), University Hospital and DKFZ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, DKFZ, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Angel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
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Mir Seyed Nazari P, Riedl J, Preusser M, Posch F, Thaler J, Marosi C, Birner P, Ricken G, Hainfellner JA, Pabinger I, Ay C. Combination of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation and podoplanin expression in brain tumors identifies patients at high or low risk of venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:1121-1127. [PMID: 29676036 PMCID: PMC6099350 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Risk stratification for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with brain tumors is challenging. Patients with IDH1 wildtype and high podoplanin expression have a 6-month VTE risk of 18.2%. Patients with IDH1 mutation and no podoplanin expression have a 6-month VTE risk of 0%. IDH1 mutation and podoplanin overexpression in primary brain tumors appear to be exclusive. SUMMARY Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent complication in primary brain tumor patients. Independent studies revealed that podoplanin expression in brain tumors is associated with increased VTE risk, whereas the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation is associated with very low VTE risk. Objectives To investigate the interrelation between intratumoral podoplanin expression and IDH1 mutation, and their mutual impact on VTE development. Patients/Methods In a prospective cohort study, intratumoral IDH1 R132H mutation and podoplanin were determined in brain tumor specimens (mainly glioma) by immunohistochemistry. The primary endpoint of the study was symptomatic VTE during a 2-year follow-up. Results All brain tumors that expressed podoplanin to a medium-high extent showed also an IDH1 wild-type status. A score based on IDH1 status and podoplanin expression levels allowed prediction of the risk of VTE. Patients with wild-type IDH1 brain tumors and high podoplanin expression had a significantly increased VTE risk compared with those with mutant IDH1 tumors and no podoplanin expression (6-month risk 18.2% vs. 0%). Conclusions IDH1 mutation and podoplanin overexpression seem to be exclusive. Although brain tumor patients with IDH1 mutation are at very low risk of VTE, the risk of VTE in patients with IDH1 wild-type tumors is strongly linked to podoplanin expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Mir Seyed Nazari
- Clinical Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyDepartment of Medicine IComprehensive Cancer CenterCenter Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - J. Riedl
- Clinical Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyDepartment of Medicine IComprehensive Cancer CenterCenter Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - M. Preusser
- Clinical Division of OncologyDepartment of Medicine IComprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - F. Posch
- Clinical Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyDepartment of Medicine IComprehensive Cancer CenterCenter Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Division of OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - J. Thaler
- Clinical Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyDepartment of Medicine IComprehensive Cancer CenterCenter Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - C. Marosi
- Clinical Division of OncologyDepartment of Medicine IComprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - P. Birner
- Clinical Institute of PathologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - G. Ricken
- Institute of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - I. Pabinger
- Clinical Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyDepartment of Medicine IComprehensive Cancer CenterCenter Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - C. Ay
- Clinical Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyDepartment of Medicine IComprehensive Cancer CenterCenter Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Abstract
Tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation facilitates hematogenous metastasis by promoting tumor embolization, preventing immunological assaults and shear stress, and the platelet-releasing growth factors support tumor growth and invasion. Podoplanin, also known as Aggrus, is a type I transmembrane mucin-like glycoprotein and is expressed on wide range of tumor cells. Podoplanin has a role in platelet aggregation and metastasis formation through the binding to its platelet receptor, C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2). The podoplanin research was originally started from the cloning of highly metastatic NL-17 subclone from mouse colon 26 cancer cell line and from the establishment of 8F11 monoclonal antibody (mAb) that could neutralize NL-17-induced platelet aggregation and hematogenous metastasis. Later on, podoplanin was identified as the antigen of 8F11 mAb, and its ectopic expression brought to cells the platelet-aggregating abilities and hematogenous metastasis phenotypes. From the 8F11 mAb recognition epitopes, podoplanin is found to contain tandemly repeated, highly conserved motifs, designated platelet aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domains. Series of analyses using the cells expressing the mutants and the established neutralizing anti-podoplanin mAbs uncovered that both PLAG3 and PLAG4 domains are associated with the CLEC-2 binding. The neutralizing mAbs targeting PLAG3 or PLAG4 could suppress podoplanin-induced platelet aggregation and hematogenous metastasis through inhibiting the podoplanin–CLEC-2 binding. Therefore, these domains are certainly functional in podoplanin-mediated metastasis through its platelet-aggregating activity. This review summarizes the platelet functions in metastasis formation, the role of platelet aggregation-inducing factor podoplanin in pathological and physiological situations, and the possibility to develop podoplanin-targeting drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Takemoto
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, The Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Kenichi Miyata
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, The Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Naoya Fujita
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, The Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
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Retzbach EP, Sheehan SA, Nevel EM, Batra A, Phi T, Nguyen ATP, Kato Y, Baredes S, Fatahzadeh M, Shienbaum AJ, Goldberg GS. Podoplanin emerges as a functionally relevant oral cancer biomarker and therapeutic target. Oral Oncol 2018; 78:126-136. [PMID: 29496040 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer has become one of the most aggressive types of cancer, killing 140,000 people worldwide every year. Current treatments for oral cancer include surgery and radiation therapies. These procedures can be very effective; however, they can also drastically decrease the quality of life for survivors. New chemotherapeutic treatments are needed to more effectively combat oral cancer. The transmembrane receptor podoplanin (PDPN) has emerged as a functionally relevant oral cancer biomarker and chemotherapeutic target. PDPN expression promotes tumor cell migration leading to oral cancer invasion and metastasis. Here, we describe the role of PDPN in oral squamous cell carcinoma progression, and how it may be exploited to prevent and treat oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P Retzbach
- Department of Molecular Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Stephanie A Sheehan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Evan M Nevel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Amber Batra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Tran Phi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Angels T P Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Yukinari Kato
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University; Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Soly Baredes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Mahnaz Fatahzadeh
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, New Jersey School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
| | - Alan J Shienbaum
- Department of Pathology, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Gary S Goldberg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
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Kunita A, Baeriswyl V, Meda C, Cabuy E, Takeshita K, Giraudo E, Wicki A, Fukayama M, Christofori G. Inflammatory Cytokines Induce Podoplanin Expression at the Tumor Invasive Front. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1276-1288. [PMID: 29458011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumor invasion is a critical first step in the organismic dissemination of cancer cells and the formation of metastasis in distant organs, the most important prognostic factor and the actual cause of death in most of the cancer patients. We report herein that the cell surface protein podoplanin (PDPN), a potent inducer of cancer cell invasion, is conspicuously expressed by the invasive front of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the cervix in patients and in the transgenic human papillomavirus/estrogen mouse model of cervical cancer. Laser capture microscopy combined with gene expression profiling reveals that the expression of interferon-responsive genes is up-regulated in PDPN-expressing cells at the tumor invasive front, which are exposed to CD45-positive inflammatory cells. Indeed, PDPN expression can be induced in cultured SCC cell lines by single or combined treatments with interferon-γ, transforming growth factor-β, and/or tumor necrosis factor-α. Notably, shRNA-mediated ablation of either PDPN or STAT1 in A431 SCC cells repressed cancer cell invasion on s.c. transplantation into immunodeficient mice. The results highlight the induction of tumor cell invasion by the inflammatory cytokine-stimulated expression of PDPN in the outermost cell layers of cervical SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kunita
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Claudia Meda
- Laboratory of Transgenic Mouse Models, Candiolo Cancer Institute-The Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Torino, Italy, the Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Erik Cabuy
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; The CAEX Project, CAEX NV, Lier, Belgium
| | - Kimiko Takeshita
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Enrico Giraudo
- Laboratory of Transgenic Mouse Models, Candiolo Cancer Institute-The Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Torino, Italy, the Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Andreas Wicki
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Cancer-associated pathways and biomarkers of venous thrombosis. Blood 2017; 130:1499-1506. [PMID: 28807983 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-03-743211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In this review, we summarize common and cancer type-specific pathways of VTE in cancer patients. Increased levels of leukocytes, platelets, and tissue factor-positive (TF+) microvesicles (MVs) are all potential factors that alone or in combination increase cancer-associated thrombosis. Patients with lung or colorectal cancer often exhibit leukocytosis. Neutrophils could increase VTE in cancer patients by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps whereas monocytes may express TF. Thrombocytosis is often observed in gastrointestinal, lung, breast, and ovarian cancer and this could decrease the threshold required for VTE. Soluble P-selectin has been identified as a biomarker of cancer-associated thrombosis in a general cancer population and may reflect activation of the endothelium. P-selectin expression by the endothelium may enhance VTE by increasing the recruitment of leukocytes. Studies in patients with pancreatic or brain cancer suggest that elevated levels of PAI-1 may contribute to VTE. Although elevated levels of TF+ MVs have been observed in patients with different types of cancer, an association between TF+ MVs and VTE has been observed only in pancreatic cancer. Podoplanin expression is associated with VTE in patients with brain cancer and may activate platelets. Future studies should measure multiple biomarkers in each cancer type to determine whether combinations of biomarkers can be used as predictors of VTE. A better understanding of the pathways that increase VTE in cancer patients may lead to the development of new therapies to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with thrombosis.
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Regulation of podoplanin expression by microRNA-29b associates with its antiapoptotic effect in angiotensin II-induced injury of human podocytes. J Hypertens 2016; 34:323-31. [PMID: 26867059 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin (Ang)II is involved in induction of proteinuria, renal injury, and apoptosis and thus a major contributor to the development of chronic kidney disease. Podocytes are of major importance for the pathogenesis of several kidney diseases. Decrease of podoplanin (PDPN) in podocytes and podocyte loss has been associated with the development of proteinuria. Little is known about the regulation and biological function of PDPN in podocytes and its role in AngII-mediated kidney damage. Here, we determined the influence of AngII on the expression of PDPN, microRNA (miRNA)-29b and miRNA-497 in human podocytes. Further, we analyzed the impact of small interfering RNA-mediated downregulation of PDPN on AngII-induced apoptosis and viability. Moreover, we characterized the role of miRNA-29b and miRNA-497 in expression regulation of PDPN. METHODS Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by functional assays. Expression analyses were done via Real-Time PCR and western blot analyses. Dual luciferase assay was performed to characterize miRNA-mediated expression control. RESULTS AngII increased the expression of miRNA-29b and reduced PDPN. Small interfering RNA-mediated downregulation of PDPN increased proapoptotic caspase-3 activation and cytochrome C translocation, whereas cell viability and Akt phosphorylation were reduced in AngII-stimulated podocytes. In contrast to miRNA-497, transfection of cells with miRNA-29b mimics significantly decreased PDPN. Cotransfection of cells with miRNA-29b and a dual luciferase reporter vector decreased the luciferase activity compared with controls. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate the posttranscriptional control of PDPN expression by miRNA-29b and support a role of PDPN as an antiapoptotic prosurvival factor in AngII-induced injury of human podocytes.
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Emerging roles of podoplanin in vascular development and homeostasis. Front Med 2016; 9:421-30. [PMID: 26498027 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-015-0424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Podoplanin (PDPN) is a mucin-type O-glycoprotein expressed in diverse cell types, such as lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in the vascular system and fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) in lymph nodes. PDPN on LECs or FRCs activates CLEC-2 in platelets, triggering platelet activation and/or aggregation through downstream signaling events, including activation of Syk kinase. This mechanism is required to initiate and maintain separation of blood and lymphatic vessels and to stabilize high endothelial venule integrity within lymphnodes. In the vascular system, normal expression of PDPN at the LEC surface requires transcriptional activation of Pdpn by Prox1 and modification of PDPN with core 1-derived O-glycans. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the roles of PDPN in vascular development and lymphoid organ maintenance and discusses the mechanisms that regulate PDPN expression related to its function.
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Kling T, Ferrarese R, Ó hAilín D, Johansson P, Heiland DH, Dai F, Vasilikos I, Weyerbrock A, Jörnsten R, Carro MS, Nelander S. Integrative Modeling Reveals Annexin A2-mediated Epigenetic Control of Mesenchymal Glioblastoma. EBioMedicine 2016; 12:72-85. [PMID: 27667176 PMCID: PMC5078587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are characterized by transcriptionally distinct subtypes, but despite possible clinical relevance, their regulation remains poorly understood. The commonly used molecular classification systems for GBM all identify a subtype with high expression of mesenchymal marker transcripts, strongly associated with invasive growth. We used a comprehensive data-driven network modeling technique (augmented sparse inverse covariance selection, aSICS) to define separate genomic, epigenetic, and transcriptional regulators of glioblastoma subtypes. Our model identified Annexin A2 (ANXA2) as a novel methylation-controlled positive regulator of the mesenchymal subtype. Subsequent evaluation in two independent cohorts established ANXA2 expression as a prognostic factor that is dependent on ANXA2 promoter methylation. ANXA2 knockdown in primary glioblastoma stem cell-like cultures suppressed known mesenchymal master regulators, and abrogated cell proliferation and invasion. Our results place ANXA2 at the apex of a regulatory cascade that determines glioblastoma mesenchymal transformation and validate aSICS as a general methodology to uncover regulators of cancer subtypes. Glioblastoma, a form of brain cancer, is characterised by distinct molecular subtypes: proneural, classical and mesenchymal. We used a comprehensive data-driven strategy, aSICS, to elucidate the cellular mechanisms behind the subtypes. Epigenetic control of Annexin A2 (ANXA2) was predicted and confirmed to determine the invasive mesenchymal subtype.
Most cancers have distinct and clinically relevant transcriptional subtypes, but the underlying cellular mechanism behind such subtypes is often hard to resolve. We show that joint analysis across several layers of genomics data can uncover subtype regulators with good accuracy. Our method is applied to the brain cancer glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), revealing that the invasive mesenchymal subtype is driven by epigenetic modulation of the expression of Annexin A2 (ANXA2). Our analysis adds significantly to our understanding of brain cancer subtypes and open for new potential treatment options. The proposed computational technique can be applied to other cancers as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresia Kling
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Darren Ó hAilín
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, Schnzlestrasse 1, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrik Johansson
- Dept of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dieter Henrik Heiland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fangping Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ioannis Vasilikos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Weyerbrock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rebecka Jörnsten
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Stella Carro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Sven Nelander
- Dept of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Wurster KD, Hummel F, Richter J, Giefing M, Hartmann S, Hansmann ML, Kreher S, Köchert K, Krappmann D, Klapper W, Hummel M, Wenzel SS, Lenz G, Janz M, Dörken B, Siebert R, Mathas S. Inactivation of the putative ubiquitin-E3 ligase PDLIM2 in classical Hodgkin and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2016; 31:602-613. [PMID: 27538486 PMCID: PMC5339435 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apart from its unique histopathological appearance with rare tumor cells embedded in an inflammatory background of bystander cells, classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is characterized by an unusual activation of a broad range of signaling pathways involved in cellular activation. This includes constitutive high-level activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), activator protein-1 (AP-1) and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) transcription factors (TFs) that are physiologically only transiently activated. Here, we demonstrate that inactivation of the putative ubiquitin E3-ligase PDLIM2 contributes to this TF activation. PDLIM2 expression is lost at the mRNA and protein levels in the majority of cHL cell lines and Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells of nearly all cHL primary samples. This loss is associated with PDLIM2 genomic alterations, promoter methylation and altered splicing. Reconstitution of PDLIM2 in HRS cell lines inhibits proliferation, blocks NF-κB transcriptional activity and contributes to cHL-specific gene expression. In non-Hodgkin B-cell lines, small interfering RNA-mediated PDLIM2 knockdown results in superactivation of TFs NF-κB and AP-1 following phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation. Furthermore, expression of PDLIM2 is lost in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) that shares key biological aspects with cHL. We conclude that inactivation of PDLIM2 is a recurrent finding in cHL and ALCL, promotes activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and thereby contributes to their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Wurster
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Hummel
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Richter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - M Giefing
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - S Hartmann
- Dr Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University of Frankfurt, Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M-L Hansmann
- Dr Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University of Frankfurt, Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Kreher
- Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Köchert
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Krappmann
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Helmholtz Zentrum München für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - W Klapper
- Department of Pathology, Haematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - M Hummel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedzin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S-S Wenzel
- Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Lenz
- Division of Translational Oncology, Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, and Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, Münster, Germany
| | - M Janz
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Dörken
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - S Mathas
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Chuang WY, Chang YS, Chao YK, Yeh CJ, Ueng SH, Chang CY, Liu YH, Tseng CK, Chang HK, Wan YL, Hsueh C. Phosphorylated mTOR expression correlates with podoplanin expression and high tumor grade in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:12757-12765. [PMID: 26722465 PMCID: PMC4680410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic (or mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays important roles in cell growth and proliferation. In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), high expression of phosphorylated (activated) mTOR (p-mTOR) has been reported as an adverse prognostic factor in some but not all studies. The signals of mTOR pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway converge on 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1), which drives the downstream proliferative signals. We previously found that high expression of phosphorylated 4EBP1 (p-4EBP1) is an adverse prognostic factor in esophageal SCC. Podoplanin is a type-1 transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in various normal human tissues, including lymphatic endothelium. Our previous study showed that high podoplanin expression correlates with clinical nodal metastasis, which is associated with short survival in esophageal SCC. In current study, we investigated p-mTOR expression by immunohistochemistry in 75 cases of surgically resected esophageal SCC. The result was correlated with p-4EBP1 expression, podoplanin expression, clinicopathologic features and patient survival. We found that high p-mTOR expression was significantly associated with high podoplanin expression (P = 0.0030) and high tumor grade (P = 0.0014). No correlation with p-4EBP1 expression, patient survival or other clinicopathologic features was found. Recently, podoplanin expression in astrocytic brain tumors was found to be regulated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathway. Similarly, mTOR is activated by a PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The association of p-mTOR and podoplanin expression in our study could be due to a common upstream pathway. Since both mTOR and podoplanin are potential therapeutic targets, the possible benefit of combined targeted therapy warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center and Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Kai Chao
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ju Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shir-Hwa Ueng
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yueh Chang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hen Liu
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Kan Tseng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Kun Chang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Liang Wan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen Hsueh
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineTaoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center and Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineTaoyuan, Taiwan
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Renart J, Carrasco-Ramírez P, Fernández-Muñoz B, Martín-Villar E, Montero L, Yurrita MM, Quintanilla M. New insights into the role of podoplanin in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 317:185-239. [PMID: 26008786 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Podoplanin is a small mucin-like transmembrane protein expressed in several adult tissues and with an important role during embryogenesis. It is needed for the proper development of kidneys and lungs as well as accurate formation of the lymphatic vascular system. In addition, it is involved in the physiology of the immune system. A wide variety of tumors express podoplanin, both in the malignant cells and in the stroma. Although there are exceptions, the presence of podoplanin results in poor prognosis. The main consequence of forced podoplanin expression in established and tumor-derived cell lines is an increase in cell migration and, eventually, the triggering of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition, whereby cells acquire a fibroblastoid phenotype and increased motility. We will examine the current status of the role of podoplanin in the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition as well as the different interactions that lead to this program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Renart
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ester Martín-Villar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Montero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María M Yurrita
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Quintanilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
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Yao Y, Ma J, Xue Y, Wang P, Li Z, Li Z, Hu Y, Shang X, Liu Y. MiR-449a exerts tumor-suppressive functions in human glioblastoma by targeting Myc-associated zinc-finger protein. Mol Oncol 2014; 9:640-56. [PMID: 25487955 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most common and aggressive primary brain tumors in adults. Deregulated expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been associated with GBM progression through alterations in either oncogenic or tumor suppressor targets. Here, we elucidated the function and the possible molecular mechanisms of miR-449a in human GBM cell lines and tumor specimens-derived glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated that miR-449a was down-regulated in human GBM cell lines and GSCs. Functionally, miR-449a acted as a tumor suppressor by reducing cell proliferation, migration and invasion as well as inducing apoptosis in human GBM cell lines and GSCs. Myc-associated zinc-finger protein (MAZ) was identified as a direct target of miR-449a, mediating these tumor-suppressive effects, demonstrated by Western blot assay and luciferase assays. Moreover, over-expression of miR-449a inhibited the expression of Podoplanin (PDPN) by down-regulating MAZ which could positively control the promoter activities via binding to the promoter of PDPN, demonstrated by luciferase assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Further, the PI3K/AKT pathway was blocked when MAZ was down-regulated by miR-449a. This process was coincided with the up-regulation of apoptotic proteins and the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins, MMP2 and MMP9. Furthermore, nude mice carrying over-expressed miR-449a combined with knockdown MAZ tumors produced the smallest tumors and the highest survival. These results elucidated a novel molecular mechanism of GBM progression, and may thus suggest a promising application for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China; Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China; Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China; Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Li
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China; Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Shang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.
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Pan Y, Wang WD, Yago T. Transcriptional regulation of podoplanin expression by Prox1 in lymphatic endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2014; 94:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Birner P, Pusch S, Christov C, Mihaylova S, Toumangelova-Uzeir K, Natchev S, Schoppmann SF, Tchorbanov A, Streubel B, Tuettenberg J, Guentchev M. Mutant IDH1 inhibits PI3K/Akt signaling in human glioma. Cancer 2014; 120:2440-7. [PMID: 24771584 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) was identified as a major participant in glioma pathogenesis. At present, the enzymatic activity of the protein has been the main topic in investigating its physiological function, but its signaling pathway allocation was unsuccessful. Interestingly, proteins regulated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling, are among the top downregulated genes in gliomas associated with high percentage of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations. The aim of this study was to investigate a hypothetical relation between IDH1 and PI3K signaling. METHODS The presence of mutant IDH1 and markers for active PI3K/Akt signaling, present as phosphorylated Akt and podoplanin (PDPN), were investigated in a discovery cohort of 354 patients with glioma. In vitro experiments were used to confirm functional links. RESULTS This study shows an inverse correlation between mutant IDH1 and markers for active PI3K/Akt signaling. In support of a functional link between these molecules, in vitro expression of mutant IDH1 inhibited Akt phosphorylation in a 2-hydroxyglutarate-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS This study provides patient tumor and in vitro evidence suggesting that mutant IDH1 inhibits PI3K/Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Birner
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Riehmer V, Gietzelt J, Beyer U, Hentschel B, Westphal M, Schackert G, Sabel MC, Radlwimmer B, Pietsch T, Reifenberger G, Weller M, Weber RG, Loeffler M. Genomic profiling reveals distinctive molecular relapse patterns in IDH1/2 wild-type glioblastoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 53:589-605. [PMID: 24706357 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular changes associated with the progression of glioblastoma after standard radiochemotherapy remain poorly understood. We compared genomic profiles of 27 paired primary and recurrent IDH1/2 wild-type glioblastomas by genome-wide array-based comparative genomic hybridization. By bioinformatic analysis, primary and recurrent tumor profiles were normalized and segmented, chromosomal gains and losses identified taking the tumor cell content into account, and difference profiles deduced. Seven of 27 (26%) pairs lacked DNA copy number differences between primary and recurrent tumors (equal pairs). The recurrent tumors in 9/27 (33%) pairs contained all chromosomal imbalances of the primary tumors plus additional ones, suggesting a sequential acquisition of and/or selection for aberrations during progression (sequential pairs). In 11/27 (41%) pairs, the profiles of primary and recurrent tumors were divergent, i.e., the recurrent tumors contained additional aberrations but had lost others, suggesting a polyclonal composition of the primary tumors and considerable clonal evolution (discrepant pairs). Losses on 9p21.3 harboring the CDKN2A/B locus were significantly more common in primary tumors from sequential and discrepant (nonequal) pairs. Nonequal pairs showed ten regions of recurrent genomic differences between primary and recurrent tumors harboring 46 candidate genes associated with tumor recurrence. In particular, copy numbers of genes encoding apoptosis regulators were frequently changed at progression. In summary, approximately 25% of IDH1/2 wild-type glioblastoma pairs have stable genomic imbalances. In contrast, approximately 75% of IDH1/2 wild-type glioblastomas undergo further genomic aberrations and alter their clonal composition upon recurrence impacting their genomic profile, a process possibly facilitated by 9p21.3 loss in the primary tumor. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Riehmer
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma cells occurs partly through epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated induction of connexin 43. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1145. [PMID: 24675463 PMCID: PMC3973225 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive adult primary brain tumor with poor prognosis. GBM patients develop resistance to the frontline chemotherapy, temozolomide (TMZ). As the connexins (Cx) have been shown to have a complex role in GBM, we investigated the role of Cx43 in TMZ resistance. Cx43 was increased in the TMZ-resistant low passage and cell lines. This correlated with the data in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Cx43 knockdown, reporter gene assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, real-time PCR and western blots verified a role for Cx43 in TMZ resistance. This occurred by TMZ-resistant GBM cells being able to activate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In turn, EGFR activated the JNK-ERK1/2-AP-1 axis to induce Cx43. The increased Cx43 was functional as indicated by gap junctional intercellular communication among the resistant GBM cells. Cell therapy could be a potential method to deliver drugs, such as anti-EGF to tumor cells. Similar strategies could be used to reverse the expression of Cx43 to sensitize GBM cells to TMZ. The studies showed the potential for targeting EGF in immune therapy. These agents can be used in conjunction with stem cell therapy to treat GBM.
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Tomooka M, Kaji C, Kojima H, Sawa Y. Distribution of podoplanin-expressing cells in the mouse nervous systems. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2013; 46:171-7. [PMID: 24610964 PMCID: PMC3929615 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin is a mucin-type glycoprotein which was first identified in podocytes. Recently, podoplanin has been successively reported as a marker for brain and peripheral nerve tumors, however, the distribution of podoplanin-expressing cells in normal nerves has not been fully investigated. This study aims to examine the podoplanin-expressing cell distribution in the mouse head and nervous systems. An immunohistochemical study showed that the podoplanin-positive areas in the mouse peripheral nerve and spinal cord are perineurial fibroblasts, satellite cells in the dorsal root ganglion, glia cells in the ventral and dorsal horns, and schwann cells in the ventral and dorsal roots; in the cranial meninges the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater; in the eye the optic nerve, retinal pigment epithelium, chorioidea, sclera, iris, lens epithelium, corneal epithelium, and conjunctival epithelium. In the mouse brain choroid plexus and ependyma were podoplanin-positive, and there were podoplanin-expressing brain parenchymal cells in the nuclei and cortex. The podoplanin-expressing cells were astrocyte marker GFAP-positive and there were no differences in the double positive cell distribution of several portions in the brain parenchyma except for the fornix. The results suggest that podoplanin may play a common role in nervous system support cells and eye constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Tomooka
- Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Chiaki Kaji
- Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Hiroshi Kojima
- Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Yoshihiko Sawa
- Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College
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Sayegh ET, Kaur G, Bloch O, Parsa AT. Systematic review of protein biomarkers of invasive behavior in glioblastoma. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:1212-44. [PMID: 24271659 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and incurable brain tumor with a grave prognosis. Recurrence is inevitable even with maximal surgical resection, in large part because GBM is a highly invasive tumor. Invasiveness also contributes to the failure of multiple cornerstones of GBM therapy, including radiotherapy, temozolomide chemotherapy, and vascular endothelial growth factor blockade. In recent years there has been significant progress in the identification of protein biomarkers of invasive phenotype in GBM. In this article, we comprehensively review the literature and survey a broad spectrum of biomarkers, including proteolytic enzymes, extracellular matrix proteins, cell adhesion molecules, neurodevelopmental factors, cell signaling and transcription factors, angiogenic effectors, metabolic proteins, membrane channels, and cytokines and chemokines. In light of the marked variation seen in outcomes in GBM patients, the systematic use of these biomarkers could be used to form a framework for better prediction, prognostication, and treatment selection, as well as the identification of molecular targets for further laboratory investigation and development of nascent, directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli T Sayegh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611-2911, USA
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49
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Ebp1 activates podoplanin expression and contributes to oral tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2013; 33:3839-50. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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50
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Grimm C, Chavez L, Vilardell M, Farrall AL, Tierling S, Böhm JW, Grote P, Lienhard M, Dietrich J, Timmermann B, Walter J, Schweiger MR, Lehrach H, Herwig R, Herrmann BG, Morkel M. DNA-methylome analysis of mouse intestinal adenoma identifies a tumour-specific signature that is partly conserved in human colon cancer. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003250. [PMID: 23408899 PMCID: PMC3567140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant CpG methylation is a universal epigenetic trait of cancer cell genomes. However, human cancer samples or cell lines preclude the investigation of epigenetic changes occurring early during tumour development. Here, we have used MeDIP-seq to analyse the DNA methylome of APCMin adenoma as a model for intestinal cancer initiation, and we present a list of more than 13,000 recurring differentially methylated regions (DMRs) characterizing intestinal adenoma of the mouse. We show that Polycomb Repressive Complex (PRC) targets are strongly enriched among hypermethylated DMRs, and several PRC2 components and DNA methyltransferases were up-regulated in adenoma. We further demonstrate by bisulfite pyrosequencing of purified cell populations that the DMR signature arises de novo in adenoma cells rather than by expansion of a pre-existing pattern in intestinal stem cells or undifferentiated crypt cells. We found that epigenetic silencing of tumour suppressors, which occurs frequently in colon cancer, was rare in adenoma. Quite strikingly, we identified a core set of DMRs, which is conserved between mouse adenoma and human colon cancer, thus possibly revealing a global panel of epigenetically modified genes for intestinal tumours. Our data allow a distinction between early conserved epigenetic alterations occurring in intestinal adenoma and late stochastic events promoting colon cancer progression, and may facilitate the selection of more specific clinical epigenetic biomarkers. The formation and progression of tumours to metastatic disease is driven by two major mechanisms, i.e. genetic alterations that activate oncogenes or inactivate tumour suppressor genes, and changes in the epigenome that cause variations in the expression of the genetic information. A deeper understanding of the interaction between the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms is critical for the selection of tumour biomarkers and for the future development of therapies. Human tumour specimens and cell lines contain a plethora of genetic and epigenetic changes, which complicate data analysis. In contrast, mouse tumour models such as the APCMin mouse used in this study arise by a single initiating genetic mutation, yet share key traits with human cancer. Here we show that mouse adenomas acquire a multitude of epigenetic alterations, which are recurring in mouse adenoma and in human colon cancer, representing early and advanced tumours, respectively. The use of a mouse model thus allowed us to uncover a sequence of epigenetic changes occurring in tumours, which may facilitate the identification of novel clinical colon cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Grimm
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Chavez
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mireia Vilardell
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra L. Farrall
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Developmental Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Tierling
- Universität des Saarlandes, FR 8.3 Biowissenschaften, Genetik/Epigenetik Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Julia W. Böhm
- Universität des Saarlandes, FR 8.3 Biowissenschaften, Genetik/Epigenetik Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Phillip Grote
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Developmental Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Lienhard
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Dietrich
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Timmermann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Next Generation Sequencing Core Facility, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Walter
- Universität des Saarlandes, FR 8.3 Biowissenschaften, Genetik/Epigenetik Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michal R. Schweiger
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Lehrach
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Herwig
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard G. Herrmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Developmental Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute for Medical Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Morkel
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Developmental Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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