1
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Moritsubo M, Furuta T, Negoto T, Nakamura H, Uchiyama Y, Morioka M, Oshima K, Sugita Y. A case of a pilocytic astrocytoma with histological features of anaplasia and unprecedent genetic alterations. Neuropathology 2024; 44:161-166. [PMID: 37779355 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of pediatric glioma with uncommon imaging, morphological, and genetic features. A one-year-old boy incidentally presented with a tumor in the fourth ventricle. The tumor was completely resected surgically and investigated pathologically. The mostly circumscribed tumor had piloid features but primitive and anaplastic histology, such as increasing cellularity and mitosis. The Ki-67 staining index was 25% at the hotspot. KIAA1549::BRAF fusion and KIAA1549 partial deletions were detected by direct PCR, supported by Sanger sequencing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a glioma with both deletion of KIAA1549 p.P1771_P1899 and fusion of KIAA1549::BRAF. The tumor could not be classified using DNA methylome analysis. The present tumor fell into the category of pilocytic astrocytoma with histological features of anaplasia (aPA). Further studies are needed to establish pediatric aPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Moritsubo
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takuya Furuta
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Negoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yusuke Uchiyama
- Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Motohiro Morioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koichi Oshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sugita
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
- Department of Neuropathology, St. Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Japan
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2
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Zhou Z, Zhu B, Meng Q, Zhang T, Wu Y, Yu R, Gao S. Research progress in molecular pathology markers in medulloblastoma. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:139-156. [PMID: 36937322 PMCID: PMC10017192 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the commonest primary malignant brain cancer. The current treatment of MB is usually surgical resection combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Although great progress has been made in the clinical management of MB, tumor metastasis and recurrence are still the main cause of death. Therefore, definitive and timely diagnosis is of great importance for improving therapeutic effects on MB. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) divided MB into four subtypes: wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site (WNT), sonic hedgehog (SHH), non-WNT/non-SHH group 3, and group 4. Each subtype of MB has a unique profile in copy number variation, DNA alteration, gene transcription, or post-transcriptional/translational modification, all of which are associated with different biological manifestations, clinical features, and prognosis. This article reviewed the research progress of different molecular pathology markers in MB and summarized some targeted drugs against these molecular markers, hoping to stimulate the clinical application of these molecular markers in the classification, diagnosis, and treatment of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingxin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingming Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rutong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
- Correspondence: Rutong Yu, Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shangfeng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
- Shangfeng Gao, Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Dandapath I, Chakraborty R, Kaur K, Mahajan S, Singh J, Sharma MC, Sarkar C, Suri V. Molecular alterations of low-grade gliomas in young patients: Strategies and platforms for routine evaluation. Neurooncol Pract 2021; 8:652-661. [PMID: 34777834 PMCID: PMC8579091 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has been established that molecular biology of pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGGs) is entirely distinct from adults. The majority of the circumscribed pediatric gliomas are driven by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which has yielded important diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers. Further, the Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy (cIMPACT) Steering Committee in their fourth meeting, suggested including a panel of molecular markers for integrated diagnosis in "pediatric-type" diffuse gliomas. However, a designated set of platforms for the evaluation of these alterations has yet not been mentioned for easier implementation in routine molecular diagnostics. Herein, we have reviewed the relevance of analyzing these markers and discussed the strategies and platforms best apposite for clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Dandapath
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Kavneet Kaur
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Mahajan
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyotsna Singh
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehar C Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Alsayed SSR, Suri A, Bailey AW, Lane S, Werry EL, Huang CC, Yu LF, Kassiou M, Sredni ST, Gunosewoyo H. Synthesis and antitumour evaluation of indole-2-carboxamides against paediatric brain cancer cells. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1910-1925. [PMID: 34825187 PMCID: PMC8597418 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paediatric glioblastomas are rapidly growing, devastating brain neoplasms with an invasive phenotype. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which are the current therapeutic adjuvant to surgical resection, are still associated with various toxicity profiles and only marginally improve the course of the disease and life expectancy. A considerable body of evidence supports the antitumour and apoptotic effects of certain cannabinoids, such as WIN55,212-2, against a wide spectrum of cancer cells, including gliomas. In fact, we previously highlighted the potent cytotoxic activity of the cannabinoid ligand 5 against glioblastoma KNS42 cells. Taken together, in this study, we designed, synthesised, and evaluated several indoles and indole bioisosteres for their antitumour activities. Compounds 8a, 8c, 8f, 12c, and 24d demonstrated significant inhibitory activities against the viability (IC50 = 2.34-9.06 μM) and proliferation (IC50 = 2.88-9.85 μM) of paediatric glioblastoma KNS42 cells. All five compounds further retained their antitumour activities against two atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour (AT/RT) cell lines. When tested against a medulloblastoma DAOY cell line, only 8c, 8f, 12c, and 24d maintained their viability inhibitory activities. The viability assay against non-neoplastic human fibroblast HFF1 cells suggested that compounds 8a, 8c, 8f, and 12c act selectively towards the panel of paediatric brain tumour cells. In contrast, compound 24d and WIN55,212-2 were highly toxic toward HFF1 cells. Due to their structural resemblance to known cannabimimetics, the most potent compounds were tested in cannabinoid 1 and 2 receptor (CB1R and CB2R) functional assays. Compounds 8a, 8c, and 12c failed to activate or antagonise both CB1R and CB2R, whereas compounds 8f and 24d antagonised CB1R and CB2R, respectively. We also performed a transcriptional analysis on KNS42 cells treated with our prototype compound 8a and highlighted a set of seven genes that were significantly downregulated. The expression levels of these genes were previously shown to be positively correlated with tumour growth and progression, indicating their implication in the antitumour activity of 8a. Overall, the drug-like and selective antitumour profiles of indole-2-carboxamides 8a, 8c, 8f, and 12c substantiate the versatility of the indole scaffold in cancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahinda S R Alsayed
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University Bentley Perth WA 6102 Australia
| | - Amreena Suri
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Anders W Bailey
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Samuel Lane
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Eryn L Werry
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Chiang-Ching Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI 53205 USA
| | - Li-Fang Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Simone Treiger Sredni
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Hendra Gunosewoyo
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University Bentley Perth WA 6102 Australia
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Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common solid tumor in pediatrics and represent the largest cause of childhood cancer-related mortality. With advances in molecular characterization of tumors, considerable developments have occurred impacting diagnosis and management, and refined prognostication. Advances in management have led to better survival, but mortality remains high and significant morbidity persists. Novel therapeutic approaches targeting the biology of these tumors are being investigated to improve overall survival and decrease treatment-related morbidity. Further molecular understanding of pediatric CNS tumors will lead to continued refinement of tumor classification, management, and prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Malbari
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neurosciences, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin Street, Suite 1250, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Fine-Tuning Approach for Segmentation of Gliomas in Brain Magnetic Resonance Images with a Machine Learning Method to Normalize Image Differences among Facilities. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061415. [PMID: 33808802 PMCID: PMC8003655 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study evaluates the performance degradation of machine learning models for segmenting gliomas in brain magnetic resonance images caused by domain shift and proposed possible solutions. Although machine learning models exhibit significant potential for clinical applications, performance degradation in different cohorts is a problem that must be solved. In this study, we identify the impact of the performance degradation of machine learning models to be significant enough to render clinical applications difficult. This demonstrates that it can be improved by fine-tuning methods with a small number of cases from each facility, although the data obtained appeared to be biased. Our method creates a facility-specific machine learning model from a small real-world dataset and public dataset; therefore, our fine-tuning method could be a practical solution in situations where only a small dataset is available. Abstract Machine learning models for automated magnetic resonance image segmentation may be useful in aiding glioma detection. However, the image differences among facilities cause performance degradation and impede detection. This study proposes a method to solve this issue. We used the data from the Multimodal Brain Tumor Image Segmentation Benchmark (BraTS) and the Japanese cohort (JC) datasets. Three models for tumor segmentation are developed. In our methodology, the BraTS and JC models are trained on the BraTS and JC datasets, respectively, whereas the fine-tuning models are developed from the BraTS model and fine-tuned using the JC dataset. Our results show that the Dice coefficient score of the JC model for the test portion of the JC dataset was 0.779 ± 0.137, whereas that of the BraTS model was lower (0.717 ± 0.207). The mean Dice coefficient score of the fine-tuning model was 0.769 ± 0.138. There was a significant difference between the BraTS and JC models (p < 0.0001) and the BraTS and fine-tuning models (p = 0.002); however, no significant difference between the JC and fine-tuning models (p = 0.673). As our fine-tuning method requires fewer than 20 cases, this method is useful even in a facility where the number of glioma cases is small.
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Malbari F, Lindsay H. Genetics of Common Pediatric Brain Tumors. Pediatr Neurol 2020; 104:3-12. [PMID: 31948735 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system tumors are the most common solid tumors in pediatrics and represent the largest cause of childhood cancer-related mortality. Improvements have occurred in the management of these patients leading to better survival, but significant morbidity persists. With the era of next generation sequencing, considerable advances have occurred in the understanding of these tumors both biologically and clinically. This information has impacted diagnosis and management. Subgroups have been identified, improving risk stratification. Novel therapeutic approaches, specifically targeting the biology of these tumors, are being investigated to improve overall survival and decrease treatment-related morbidity. The intent of this review is to discuss the genetics of common pediatric brain tumors and the clinical implications. This review will include known genetic disorders associated with central nervous system tumors, neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Gorlin syndrome, and Turcot syndrome, as well as somatic mutations of glioma, medulloblastoma, and ependymoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Malbari
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neurosciences, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| | - Holly Lindsay
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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8
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Bret D, Chappuis V, Poncet D, Ducray F, Silva K, Mion F, Vasiljevic A, Ferraro-Peyret C, Mottolese C, Leblond P, Gabut M, Frappaz D, Streichenberger N, Meyronet D, Bringuier PP, Barritault M. A Multiplex Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of KIAA1549-BRAF Fusion Transcripts in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Pilocytic Astrocytomas. Mol Diagn Ther 2019; 23:537-545. [PMID: 31087282 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Genomic duplications and fusion involving BRAF and KIAA1549 that create fusion proteins with constitutive B-RAF kinase activity are a hallmark of pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs). The detection of KIAA1549-BRAF fusion transcripts is of paramount importance to classify these tumors and to identify patients who could benefit from BRAF inhibitors. In a clinical setting, the available material for molecular analysis from these pediatric tumors is often limited to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue. The aim of the present study was to develop a new method to detect the three most frequent KIAA1549-BRAF fusion transcripts, 15-9, 16-11, and 16-9, where numbers refer to the exons fused together, using a FFPE-compatible multiplex quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). METHODS We compared performance of the assay to a reference singleplex method on a collection of 46 FFPE PAs. RESULTS The results showed that both methods are comparable. The multiplex method had an overall 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity compared to the singleplex method, and agreement between the two techniques was almost perfect (Cohen's kappa: 0.97). There was no evidence of a significant difference between the qRT-PCR efficiencies of the multiplex technique and of the singleplex assay for all fusion transcripts and for GAPDH, the latter used as a reference gene. The multiplex method consumed four times less complementary DNA (cDNA), cost less, and required half the hands-on technical time. CONCLUSION The results show that it could be beneficial to implement the multiplex method in a clinical setting, where samples presenting low quantity of degraded RNA are not unusual.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bret
- Service de Cytologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Département de Biopathologie Moléculaire et de Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Valentin Chappuis
- Service de Cytologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Département de Biopathologie Moléculaire et de Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Poncet
- Service de Cytologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Département de Biopathologie Moléculaire et de Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - François Ducray
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Service de Neuro-oncologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France.,Transcriptome Diversity in Stem Cells Laboratory, Cancer Cell Plasticity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS, UMR 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Karen Silva
- Service de Cytologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Département de Biopathologie Moléculaire et de Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France
| | - Fabrice Mion
- Service de Cytologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Département de Biopathologie Moléculaire et de Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Vasiljevic
- Service de Cytologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Département de Biopathologie Moléculaire et de Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Carole Ferraro-Peyret
- Service de Cytologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Département de Biopathologie Moléculaire et de Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Carmine Mottolese
- Service de Neurochirurgie Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Leblond
- Service d'Oncologie, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Gabut
- Transcriptome Diversity in Stem Cells Laboratory, Cancer Cell Plasticity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS, UMR 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Didier Frappaz
- Service d'Oncologie, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Streichenberger
- Service de Cytologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Département de Biopathologie Moléculaire et de Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - David Meyronet
- Service de Cytologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Département de Biopathologie Moléculaire et de Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Transcriptome Diversity in Stem Cells Laboratory, Cancer Cell Plasticity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS, UMR 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-Paul Bringuier
- Service de Cytologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Département de Biopathologie Moléculaire et de Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Marc Barritault
- Service de Cytologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Département de Biopathologie Moléculaire et de Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France. .,University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France. .,Transcriptome Diversity in Stem Cells Laboratory, Cancer Cell Plasticity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS, UMR 5286, Lyon, France.
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Spreafico F, Bongarzone I, Pizzamiglio S, Magni R, Taverna E, De Bortoli M, Ciniselli CM, Barzanò E, Biassoni V, Luchini A, Liotta LA, Zhou W, Signore M, Verderio P, Massimino M. Proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from children with central nervous system tumors identifies candidate proteins relating to tumor metastatic spread. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46177-46190. [PMID: 28526811 PMCID: PMC5542258 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common solid tumors in childhood. Since the sensitivity of combined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology and radiological neuroimaging in detecting meningeal metastases remains relatively low, we sought to characterize the CSF proteome of patients with CSF tumors to identify biomarkers predictive of metastatic spread. CSF samples from 27 children with brain tumors and 13 controls (extra-CNS non-Hodgkin lymphoma) were processed using core-shell hydrogel nanoparticles, and analyzed with reverse-phase liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Candidate proteins were identified with Fisher's exact test and/or a univariate logistic regression model. Reverse phase protein array (RPPA), Western blot (WB), and ELISA were used in the training set and in an independent set of CFS samples (60 cases, 14 controls) to validate our discovery findings. Among the 558 non-redundant proteins identified by LC-MS/MS, 147 were missing from the CSF database at http://www.biosino.org. Fourteen of the 26 final top-candidate proteins were chosen for validation with WB, RPPA and ELISA methods. Six proteins (type 1 collagen, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4, procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 1, glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor receptor α2, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4, neural proliferation and differentiation control protein-1) revealed the ability to discriminate metastatic cases from controls. Combining a unique dataset of CSFs from pediatric CNS tumors with a novel enabling nanotechnology led us to identify CSF proteins potentially related to metastatic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Spreafico
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Hematology and Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Italia Bongarzone
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Pizzamiglio
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Ruben Magni
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Elena Taverna
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maida De Bortoli
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara M Ciniselli
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Barzanò
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Hematology and Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Biassoni
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Hematology and Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Luchini
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Lance A Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Weidong Zhou
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Michele Signore
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Verderio
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Massimino
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Hematology and Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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10
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Geoerger B, Bourdeaut F, DuBois SG, Fischer M, Geller JI, Gottardo NG, Marabelle A, Pearson ADJ, Modak S, Cash T, Robinson GW, Motta M, Matano A, Bhansali SG, Dobson JR, Parasuraman S, Chi SN. A Phase I Study of the CDK4/6 Inhibitor Ribociclib (LEE011) in Pediatric Patients with Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors, Neuroblastoma, and Other Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:2433-2441. [PMID: 28432176 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor, ribociclib (LEE011), displayed preclinical activity in neuroblastoma and malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) models. In this phase I study, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase II dose (RP2D), safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and preliminary activity of single-agent ribociclib were investigated in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma, MRT, or other cyclin D-CDK4/6-INK4-retinoblastoma pathway-altered tumors.Experimental Design: Patients (aged 1-21 years) received escalating once-daily oral doses of ribociclib (3-weeks-on/1-week-off). Dose escalation was guided by a Bayesian logistic regression model with overdose control and real-time PK.Results: Thirty-two patients (median age, 5.5 years) received ribociclib 280, 350, or 470 mg/m2 Three patients had dose-limiting toxicities of grade 3 fatigue (280 mg/m2; n = 1) or grade 4 thrombocytopenia (470 mg/m2; n = 2). Most common treatment-related adverse events (AE) were hematologic: neutropenia (72% all-grade/63% grade 3/4), leukopenia (63%/38%), anemia (44%/3%), thrombocytopenia (44%/28%), and lymphopenia (38%/19%), followed by vomiting (38%/0%), fatigue (25%/3%), nausea (25%/0%), and QTc prolongation (22%/0%). Ribociclib exposure was dose-dependent at 350 and 470 mg/m2 [equivalent to 600 (RP2D)-900 mg in adults], with high interpatient variability. Best overall response was stable disease (SD) in nine patients (seven with neuroblastoma, two with primary CNS MRT); five patients achieved SD for more than 6, 6, 8, 12, and 13 cycles, respectively.Conclusions: Ribociclib demonstrated acceptable safety and PK in pediatric patients. MTD (470 mg/m2) and RP2D (350 mg/m2) were equivalent to those in adults. Observations of prolonged SD support further investigation of ribociclib combined with other agents in neuroblastoma and MRT. Clin Cancer Res; 23(10); 2433-41. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Geoerger
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy and UMR 8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France.
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Pediatric Oncology and INSERM U830, Paris, France
| | - Steven G DuBois
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - James I Geller
- UC Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Nicholas G Gottardo
- Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Institute for Pediatric HematoOncology, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Andrew D J Pearson
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust & Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom (Retired)
| | - Shakeel Modak
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Thomas Cash
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Giles W Robinson
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Marlyane Motta
- Translational Clinical Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Alessandro Matano
- Translational Clinical Oncology, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Suraj G Bhansali
- Clinical Pharmacology, Translational Clinical Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey
| | - Jason R Dobson
- Translational Clinical Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sudha Parasuraman
- Translational Clinical Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Susan N Chi
- Pediatric NeuroOncology, DanaFarber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Pediatric Basal Ganglia Region Tumors: Clinical and Radiologic Features Correlated with Histopathologic Findings. World Neurosurg 2017; 103:504-516. [PMID: 28408259 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To summarize the clinical and radiologic features of pediatric basal ganglia region tumors (PBGRT) in correlation with their histopathologic findings to reduce inappropriate surgery and identify tumors that can benefit from maximal safe resection. METHODS The records of 35 children with PBGRT treated in our hospital from December 2011 to December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical and radiologic features of these tumors were summarized and correlated with their histopathologic diagnosis. RESULTS Our series included 15 astrocytomas and 11 germ cell tumors (GCTs). Basal ganglia astrocytomas were characterized by various clinical presentations and an ill-circumscribed mass with the involvement of surrounding structures on neuroimaging and mostly occurred in the first decade of life (n = 10; 66.7%). Basal ganglia GCT mostly occurred in the second decade of life (n = 8; 72.7%) with hemiparesis as the most common symptom (n = 9; 81.8%). The tumors were located predominantly in the caput of caudate nucleus (n = 8; 72.7%) with hemiatrophy as the typical sign (n = 8; 72.7%). Occasionally, other tumors also could occur in this region, including primitive neuroectodermal tumor (n = 1), atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (n = 1), anaplastic ependymoma (n = 1), lymphoma (n = 1), extraventricular neurocytoma (n = 1), gangliogliomas (n = 2), oligodendroglioma (n = 1), and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS Astrocytoma and GCT are the most common PBGRTs. Low-grade astrocytomas could benefit from maximal surgical resection, whereas GCTs merit neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy followed by second-look surgery. We advocate routine testing of tumor markers and analysis of their clinical and radiologic features to optimize the therapeutic strategy.
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12
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Breton Q, Plouhinec H, Prunier‐Mirebeau D, Boisselier B, Michalak S, Menei P, Rousseau A. BRAF-V600E immunohistochemistry in a large series of glial and glial-neuronal tumors. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00641. [PMID: 28293477 PMCID: PMC5346524 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some glial-neuronal tumors (GNT) (pleomorphic xantho-astrocytoma [PXA], ganglioglioma [GG]) display BRAF-V600E mutation, which represents a diagnostic clue to these entities. Targeted therapies against BRAF-V600 protein have shown promising results in GNT. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of BRAF-V600E immunohistochemistry (IHC, clone VE1) in daily practice in a series of 140 glial, and GNT compared to molecular biology (MB) techniques. METHODS We performed BRAF-V600E IHC on all 140 cases. We used Sanger sequencing and allele-specific quantitative PCR (ASQ-PCR) to detect BRAF-V600E mutation when sufficient amount of materiel was available. RESULTS BRAF-V600E immunostaining was detected in 29.5% of cases (41/140 cases; 61.5% GG/GC/AGG (32/52), 33% PXA, 6.6% pilocytic astrocytomas). In 47 cases, MB could be performed: Sanger sequencing and ASQ-PCR in 34 cases, ASQ-PCR only in 11 cases, and Sanger sequencing only in two cases. In initial tumors, Sanger sequencing identified BRAF-V600E mutation in 19.5% tumors (seven of 36 tested cases). ASQ-PCR showed mutation in 48.5% tumors (17/35 tested cases). In six cases (5 GG, one PXA), the results were discordant between IHC and MB; the five GG cases were immunopositive for BRAF-V600E but wild type with both MB techniques. In another 7 GG, the percentage of mutated (ganglion) cells was low, and Sanger sequencing failed to detect the mutation, which was detected by IHC and ASQ-PCR. CONCLUSIONS In tumors with few mutated cells (e.g., GG), anti-BRAF-V600E IHC appears more sensitive than Sanger sequencing. The latter, although considered as the gold standard, is not to be used up-front to detect BRAF mutation in GG. The combination of IHC and ASQ-PCR appears more efficient to appraise the indication of targeted therapies in these glioneuronal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Breton
- Pathology DepartmentAngers University HospitalAngersFrance
| | | | | | - Blandine Boisselier
- Pathology DepartmentAngers University HospitalAngersFrance
- INSERM UMR‐1066, Micro‐ and Nanomedicine Biomimetics (MINT)Angers University HospitalAngersFrance
| | | | - Philippe Menei
- INSERM UMR‐1066, Micro‐ and Nanomedicine Biomimetics (MINT)Angers University HospitalAngersFrance
- Neurosurgery DepartmentAngers University HospitalAngersFrance
| | - Audrey Rousseau
- Pathology DepartmentAngers University HospitalAngersFrance
- INSERM UMR‐1066, Micro‐ and Nanomedicine Biomimetics (MINT)Angers University HospitalAngersFrance
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13
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Yde CW, Sehested A, Mateu-Regué À, Østrup O, Scheie D, Nysom K, Nielsen FC, Rossing M. A new NFIA:RAF1 fusion activating the MAPK pathway in pilocytic astrocytoma. Cancer Genet 2016; 209:440-444. [PMID: 27810072 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is one of the most common brain cancers among children and activation of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway is considered the hallmark. In the majority of cases, oncogenic BRAF fusions or BRAF V600E mutations are observed, while RAF1 or NF1 alterations are more rarely found. However, in some cases, no apparent cancer driver events can be identified. Here, we describe a novel fusion between the transcription factor nuclear factor 1A (NFIA) and Raf-1 proto-oncogene (RAF1) in a 5-year old boy with PA. The novel fusion was identified as part of a comprehensive genomic tumor profiling. We show that the NFIA:RAF1 fusion results in constitutive Raf1 kinase activity, leading to activation of downstream MEK1/2 cascade and increased proliferation of cancer cells. The NFIA:RAF1 fusion displayed distinct subcellular localization towards the plasma membrane indicative of Raf-1 activation, in contrast to both wild type NFIA and Raf-1, which were localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively. In conclusion, our data support the existence of rare oncogenic RAF1 fusions with constitutive Raf-1 activity. This highlights the need for broad genetic testing in order to refine diagnostics of PA and to unravel potential treatment options, e.g. with MEK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Westmose Yde
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid Sehested
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Àngels Mateu-Regué
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olga Østrup
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Scheie
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karsten Nysom
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Cilius Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Rossing
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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14
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Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours: clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic factors and outcomes of 22 children from 2010 to 2015 in China. Pathology 2016; 48:555-63. [PMID: 27558890 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours (AT/RTs) are rare, highly malignant tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) with poor prognosis that usually affect young children. The aim of this study was to assess the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of AT/RTs. Here, we describe the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics, along with the treatments and outcomes, of 22 patients with AT/RTs treated in our hospital from 2010 to 2015. Morphologically, cytoplasmic vacuoles, the most common characteristic in our cases, were observed in 68% of the cases. Similarly, vesicular nuclei were detected in 68% of the cases. However, rhabdoid cells were found in only 59.1% of the cases and were not observed in 40.9% of the cases. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed loss of nuclear INI1 expression in all 22 cases. Age, surgical resection and adjuvant therapy, but not tumour location, were associated with AT/RTs patient prognosis. Our results showed that cells with cytoplasmic vacuoles or with vesicular nuclei are more common than rhabdoid cells in patients with AT/RTs and that a lack of INI1 protein expression is the most useful marker for the differential diagnosis of AT/RTs. Young age is a negative prognostic factor, whereas gross total surgical resection and adjuvant therapy are positive prognostic factors for AT/RT patients.
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15
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Drusco A, Bottoni A, Laganà A, Acunzo M, Fassan M, Cascione L, Antenucci A, Kumchala P, Vicentini C, Gardiman MP, Alder H, Carosi MA, Ammirati M, Gherardi S, Luscrì M, Carapella C, Zanesi N, Croce CM. A differentially expressed set of microRNAs in cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) can diagnose CNS malignancies. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20829-39. [PMID: 26246487 PMCID: PMC4673232 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Central Nervous System malignancies often require stereotactic biopsy or biopsy for differential diagnosis, and for tumor staging and grading. Furthermore, stereotactic biopsy can be non-diagnostic or underestimate grading. Hence, there is a compelling need of new diagnostic biomarkers to avoid such invasive procedures. Several biological markers have been proposed, but they can only identify specific prognostic subtype of Central Nervous System tumors, and none of them has found a standardized clinical application.The aim of the study was to identify a Cerebro-Spinal Fluid microRNA signature that could differentiate among Central Nervous System malignancies.CSF total RNA of 34 neoplastic and of 14 non-diseased patients was processed by NanoString. Comparison among groups (Normal, Benign, Glioblastoma, Medulloblastoma, Metastasis and Lymphoma) lead to the identification of a microRNA profile that was further confirmed by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization.Hsa-miR-451, -711, 935, -223 and -125b were significantly differentially expressed among the above mentioned groups, allowing us to draw an hypothetical diagnostic chart for Central Nervous System malignancies.This is the first study to employ the NanoString technique for Cerebro-Spinal Fluid microRNA profiling. In this article, we demonstrated that Cerebro-Spinal Fluid microRNA profiling mirrors Central Nervous System physiologic or pathologic conditions. Although more cases need to be tested, we identified a diagnostic Cerebro-Spinal Fluid microRNA signature with good perspectives for future diagnostic clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandro Laganà
- Dept. of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mario Acunzo
- MVIMG, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Dept. of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luciano Cascione
- Lymphoma & Genomics Research Program, IOR Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,IOSI Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anna Antenucci
- UOSD of Clinical Pathology, Regina Elena Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Vicentini
- ARC-NET Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marina P Gardiman
- Dept. of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Mario Ammirati
- Dept. of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, OH, USA
| | | | - Marilena Luscrì
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
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16
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Martelli C, Iavarone F, D'Angelo L, Arba M, Vincenzoni F, Inserra I, Delfino D, Rossetti DV, Caretto M, Massimi L, Tamburrini G, Di Rocco C, Caldarelli M, Messana I, Castagnola M, Sanna MT, Desiderio C. Integrated proteomic platforms for the comparative characterization of medulloblastoma and pilocytic astrocytoma pediatric brain tumors: a preliminary study. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 11:1668-83. [PMID: 25909245 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A top-down/bottom-up integrated proteomic approach based on LC-MS and 2-DE analysis was applied for comparative characterization of medulloblastoma and pilocytic astrocytoma posterior cranial fossa pediatric brain tumor tissues. Although rare, primary brain tumors are the most frequent solid tumors in the pediatric age. Among them the medulloblastoma is the prevalent malignant tumor in childhood while pilocytic astrocytoma is the most common, rarely showing a malignant progression. Due to the limited availability of this kind of sample, the study was applied to pooled tumor tissues for a preliminary investigation. The results showed different proteomic profiles of the two tumors and evidenced interesting differential expression of several proteins and peptides. Top-down proteomics of acid-soluble fractions of brain tumor homogenates ascribed a potential biomarker role of malignancy to β- and α-thymosins and their truncated proteoforms and to C-terminal truncated (des-GG) ubiquitin, resulting exclusively detected or over-expressed in the highly malignant medulloblastoma. The bottom-up proteomics of the acid-soluble fraction identified several proteins, some of them in common with 2-DE analysis of acid-insoluble pellets. Peroxiredoxin-1, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A, triosephosphate isomerase, pyruvate kinase PKM, tubulin beta and alpha chains, heat shock protein HSP-90-beta and different histones characterized the medulloblastoma while the Ig kappa chain C region, serotransferrin, tubulin beta 2A chain and vimentin the pilocytic astrocytoma. The two proteomic strategies, with their pros and cons, well complemented each other in characterizing the proteome of brain tumor tissues and in disclosing potential disease biomarkers to be validated in a future study on individual samples of both tumor histotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Martelli
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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17
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Abstract
Among all causes of death in children from solid tumors, pediatric brain tumors are the most common. This article includes an overview of a subset of infratentorial and supratentorial tumors with a focus on tumor imaging features and molecular advances and treatments of these tumors. Key to understanding the imaging features of brain tumors is a firm grasp of other disease processes that can mimic tumor on imaging. We also review imaging features of a common subset of tumor mimics.
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18
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Jalali R, Rishi A, Goda JS, Sridhar E, Gurav M, Sharma P, Moiyadi A, Shetty P, Gupta T. Clinical outcome and molecular characterization of pediatric glioblastoma treated with postoperative radiotherapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide: a single institutional study of 66 children. Neurooncol Pract 2015; 3:39-47. [PMID: 31579520 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npv024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) in children is rare. Pediatric GBM have a distinct molecular profile as compared to adult GBM. There are relatively few studies of pediatric GBMs and no standard of care on adjuvant therapy. We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcome and molecular profile of pediatric GBM. Methods and Materials Between 2004 and 2013, 66 consecutive children with histologically proven GBM were identified from our database. The majority of the children underwent maximal safe resection followed by focal radiotherapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for p53, MIB-1 labeling index, MGMT overexpression, and EGFR amplification and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) R132H point mutation. Survival and impact of possible prognostic factors on outcomes were analyzed. Result Median survival was 15 months. The overall survival rate at 1 year was 62%, at 2 years was 30%, and at 3 years was 27%. Patients with thalamic tumors (P < .001), incompletely resected tumors (P < .00001), and tumors with MIB-1 labeling index >25% (P < .002) had poor overall survival rates. p53 was overexpressed in 74% of patients, MGMT promoter methylation was seen in 37% of patients, IDH1 mutation was seen in 4% of patients, and no patients had EGFR amplification. MGMT methylation and p53 overexpression did not impact survival. Conclusions Clinical outcome of pediatric GBM is similar to that reported for adult GBM. The frequency of p53 overexpression is higher than in adult GBM, while MGMT methylation, IDH1 mutations and EGFR amplification is lower than in adult GBM. MGMT methylation and p53 expression status do not have any prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Jalali
- Neuro Oncology Group, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (R.J., A.R., J.S.G., P.S., T.G.); Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (E.S., M.G.); Neurosurgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (A.M., P.S.)
| | - Anupam Rishi
- Neuro Oncology Group, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (R.J., A.R., J.S.G., P.S., T.G.); Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (E.S., M.G.); Neurosurgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (A.M., P.S.)
| | - Jayant S Goda
- Neuro Oncology Group, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (R.J., A.R., J.S.G., P.S., T.G.); Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (E.S., M.G.); Neurosurgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (A.M., P.S.)
| | - Epari Sridhar
- Neuro Oncology Group, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (R.J., A.R., J.S.G., P.S., T.G.); Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (E.S., M.G.); Neurosurgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (A.M., P.S.)
| | - Mamta Gurav
- Neuro Oncology Group, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (R.J., A.R., J.S.G., P.S., T.G.); Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (E.S., M.G.); Neurosurgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (A.M., P.S.)
| | - Pravin Sharma
- Neuro Oncology Group, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (R.J., A.R., J.S.G., P.S., T.G.); Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (E.S., M.G.); Neurosurgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (A.M., P.S.)
| | - Aliasgar Moiyadi
- Neuro Oncology Group, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (R.J., A.R., J.S.G., P.S., T.G.); Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (E.S., M.G.); Neurosurgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (A.M., P.S.)
| | - Prakash Shetty
- Neuro Oncology Group, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (R.J., A.R., J.S.G., P.S., T.G.); Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (E.S., M.G.); Neurosurgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (A.M., P.S.)
| | - Tejpal Gupta
- Neuro Oncology Group, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (R.J., A.R., J.S.G., P.S., T.G.); Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (E.S., M.G.); Neurosurgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India (A.M., P.S.)
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19
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Taha H, Yehia M, Mahmoud M, El-Beltagy M, Ghabriel M, El-Naggar S. Incidence of kiaa1549-braf fusion gene in Egyptian pediatric low grade glioma. Clin Transl Med 2015; 4:10. [PMID: 25883769 PMCID: PMC4392037 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-015-0052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low grade gliomas are the most common brain tumor in children. Tandem duplication involving the KIAA1549 and the BRAF kinase genes results in a gene fusion that has been recently characterized in a subset of low grade glioma While there is no clear evidence that the KIAA1549-BRAF gene fusion has an effect on prognosis, it is an attractive target for therapy development and as a diagnostic tool. Methods In the current study we examine the prevalence of KIAA1549-BRAF gene fusion in pediatric patients diagnosed with low grade glioma in the Egyptian population and its relationship to clinical and histological subtypes. Sixty patients between the ages of 1 to 18 years were analyzed for the presence of KIAA1549-BRAF fusion gene products using reverse transcription-PCR and sequencing. The clinicopathologic tumor characteristics were then analyzed in relation to the different fusion genes. Results KIAA1549-BRAF fusion genes were detected in 56.6% of patients. They were primarily associated with pilocytic astrocytoma (74.2%) and pilomyxoid astrocytoma (60%). Translocation 15–9 was the most common, representing (55.8%) of all positive samples followed by 16–9 (26.4%) and 16–11 (8.8%). Pilocytic astrocytomas presented primarily with 15–9 (32.2%), 16–9 (25.8%) and 16–11 (6.4%) while pilomyxoid astrocytomas presented with 15–9 (46.6%), 16–9 (6.6%) and 16–11 (6.6%) translocations. Conclusion Gene fusion is found to be significantly increased in cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma tumors. Furthermore, 15–9 was found to have a higher incidence among our cohort compared to previous studies. While most of the gene fusion positive pilomyxoid astrocytomas were 15–9, we find the association none significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Taha
- Department of Pathology, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, P.O Box 11441, 1 Sekeat El-Imam, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Yehia
- Department of Pathology, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, P.O Box 11441, 1 Sekeat El-Imam, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Madeha Mahmoud
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, P.O Box 11441, 1 Sekeat El-Imam, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Beltagy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, P.O Box 11441, 1 Sekeat El-Imam, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Myret Ghabriel
- Basic Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, P.O Box 11441, 1 Sekeat El-Imam, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shahenda El-Naggar
- Basic Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, P.O Box 11441, 1 Sekeat El-Imam, Cairo, Egypt
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Arita H, Narita Y, Takami H, Fukushima S, Matsushita Y, Yoshida A, Miyakita Y, Ohno M, Shibui S, Ichimura K. TERT promoter mutations rather than methylation are the main mechanism for TERT upregulation in adult gliomas. Acta Neuropathol 2013; 126:939-41. [PMID: 24174165 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Arita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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Transformation of adult cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma to glioblastoma. Brain Tumor Pathol 2013; 31:108-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s10014-013-0154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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