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Tataranu LG, Turliuc S, Kamel A, Rizea RE, Dricu A, Staicu GA, Baloi SC, Rodriguez SMB, Manole AIM. Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment: An Important Modulator for Tumoral Progression and Therapy Resistance. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:9881-9894. [PMID: 39329940 PMCID: PMC11430601 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46090588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The race to find an effective treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) remains a critical topic, because of its high aggressivity and impact on survival and the quality of life. Currently, due to GBM's high heterogeneity, the conventional treatment success rate and response to therapy are relatively low, with a median survival rate of less than 20 months. A new point of view can be provided by the comprehension of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in pursuance of the development of new therapeutic strategies to aim for a longer survival rate with an improved quality of life and longer disease-free interval (DFI). The main components of the GBM TME are represented by the extracellular matrix (ECM), glioma cells and glioma stem cells (GSCs), immune cells (microglia, macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes), neuronal cells, all of them having dynamic interactions and being able to influence the tumoral growth, progression, and drug resistance thus being a potential therapeutic target. This paper will review the latest research on the GBM TME and the potential therapeutic targets to form an up-to-date strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Gabriela Tataranu
- Neurosurgical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020022 Bucharest, Romania
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Turliuc
- Medical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "G. T. Popa", 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Amira Kamel
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Eugen Rizea
- Neurosurgical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020022 Bucharest, Romania
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anica Dricu
- Biochemistry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Stefania Carina Baloi
- Biochemistry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Demeule M, Currie JC, Charfi C, Zgheib A, Cousineau I, Lullier V, Béliveau R, Marsolais C, Annabi B. Sudocetaxel Zendusortide (TH1902) triggers the cGAS/STING pathway and potentiates anti-PD-L1 immune-mediated tumor cell killing. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355945. [PMID: 38482021 PMCID: PMC10936008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The anticancer efficacy of Sudocetaxel Zendusortide (TH1902), a peptide-drug conjugate internalized through a sortilin-mediated process, was assessed in a triple-negative breast cancer-derived MDA-MB-231 immunocompromised xenograft tumor model where complete tumor regression was observed for more than 40 days after the last treatment. Surprisingly, immunohistochemistry analysis revealed high staining of STING, a master regulator in the cancer-immunity cycle. A weekly administration of TH1902 as a single agent in a murine B16-F10 melanoma syngeneic tumor model demonstrated superior tumor growth inhibition than did docetaxel. A net increase in CD45 leukocyte infiltration within TH1902-treated tumors, especially for tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor-associated macrophages was observed. Increased staining of perforin, granzyme B, and caspase-3 was suggestive of elevated cytotoxic T and natural killer cell activities. Combined TH1902/anti-PD-L1 treatment led to increases in tumor growth inhibition and median animal survival. TH1902 inhibited cell proliferation and triggered apoptosis and senescence in B16-F10 cells in vitro, while inducing several downstream effectors of the cGAS/STING pathway and the expression of MHC-I and PD-L1. This is the first evidence that TH1902 exerts its antitumor activity, in part, through modulation of the immune tumor microenvironment and that the combination of TH1902 with checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-L1) could lead to improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alain Zgheib
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Cousineau
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Lullier
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Béliveau
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Borhane Annabi
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Poniatowski ŁA, Woźnica M, Wojdasiewicz P, Mela-Kalicka A, Romanowska-Próchnicka K, Purrahman D, Żurek G, Krawczyk M, Nameh Goshay Fard N, Furtak-Niczyporuk M, Jaroszyński J, Mahmoudian-Sani MR, Joniec-Maciejak I. The Role of Progranulin (PGRN) in the Pathogenesis of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cells 2024; 13:124. [PMID: 38247816 PMCID: PMC10814625 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most common and aggressive malignant form of brain tumour in adults and is characterized by an extremely poor prognosis with dismal survival rates. Currently, expanding concepts concerning the pathophysiology of GBM are inextricably linked with neuroinflammatory phenomena. On account of this fact, the identification of novel pathomechanisms targeting neuroinflammation seems to be crucial in terms of yielding successful individual therapeutic strategies. In recent years, the pleiotropic growth factor progranulin (PGRN) has attracted significant attention in the neuroscience and oncological community regarding its neuroimmunomodulatory and oncogenic functions. This review of the literature summarizes and updates contemporary knowledge about PGRN, its associated receptors and signalling pathway involvement in GBM pathogenesis, indicating possible cellular and molecular mechanisms with potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets in order to yield successful individual therapeutic strategies. After a review of the literature, we found that there are possible PGRN-targeted therapeutic approaches for implementation in GBM treatment algorithms both in preclinical and future clinical studies. Furthermore, PGRN-targeted therapies exerted their highest efficacy in combination with other established chemotherapeutic agents, such as temozolomide. The results of the analysis suggested that the possible implementation of routine determinations of PGRN and its associated receptors in tumour tissue and biofluids could serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of GBM. Furthermore, promising preclinical applications of PGRN-related findings should be investigated in clinical studies in order to create new diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz A. Poniatowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Klinikum, Salvador-Allende-Straße 30, 17036 Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - Michał Woźnica
- Department of Spine Surgery, 7th Navy Hospital, Polanki 117, 80-305 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Piotr Wojdasiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland (K.R.-P.)
| | - Aneta Mela-Kalicka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Romanowska-Próchnicka
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland (K.R.-P.)
- Department of Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daryush Purrahman
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; (D.P.)
| | - Grzegorz Żurek
- Department of Biostructure, Wrocław University of Health and Sport Sciences, I. J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Maciej Krawczyk
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Najmeh Nameh Goshay Fard
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; (D.P.)
| | - Marzena Furtak-Niczyporuk
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Janusz Jaroszyński
- Department of Administrative Proceedings, Faculty of Law and Administration, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University of Lublin, Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 5, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; (D.P.)
| | - Ilona Joniec-Maciejak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Chan KKS, Au KY, Suen LH, Leung B, Wong CY, Leow WQ, Lim TKH, Ng IOL, Chung CYS, Lo RCL. Sortilin-Driven Cancer Secretome Enhances Tumorigenic Properties of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via de Novo Lipogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:2156-2171. [PMID: 37673328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests de novo lipogenesis as a key metabolic pathway adopted by cancers to fuel tumorigenic processes. While increased de novo lipogenesis has also been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), understanding on molecular mechanisms driving de novo lipogenesis remains limited. In the present study, the functional role of sortilin, a member of the vacuolar protein sorting 10 protein receptor family, in HCC was investigated. Sortilin was overexpressed in HCC and was associated with poorer survival outcome. In functional studies, sortilin-overexpressing cells conferred tumorigenic phenotypes, namely, self-renewal and metastatic potential, of HCC cells via the cancer secretome. Proteomic profiling highlighted fatty acid metabolism as a potential molecular pathway associated with sortilin-driven cancer secretome. This finding was validated by the increased lipid content and expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in HCC cells treated with conditioned medium collected from sortilin-overexpressing cells. The enhanced tumorigenic properties endowed by sortilin-driven cancer secretome were partly abrogated by co-administration of FASN inhibitor C75. Further mechanistic dissection suggested protein stabilization by post-translational modification with O-GlcNAcylation as a major mechanism leading to augmented FASN expression. In conclusion, the present study uncovered the role of sortilin in hepatocarcinogenesis via modulation of the cancer secretome and deregulated lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Kwan-Shuen Chan
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwan-Yung Au
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Long-Hin Suen
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bernice Leung
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk-Yan Wong
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Leow
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital & Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Tony Kiat-Hon Lim
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital & Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clive Yik-Sham Chung
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Regina Cheuk-Lam Lo
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Giles B, Nakhjavani M, Wiesa A, Knight T, Shigdar S, Samarasinghe RM. Unravelling the Glioblastoma Tumour Microenvironment: Can Aptamer Targeted Delivery Become Successful in Treating Brain Cancers? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4376. [PMID: 37686652 PMCID: PMC10487158 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The key challenges to treating glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are the heterogeneous and complex nature of the GBM tumour microenvironment (TME) and difficulty of drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The TME is composed of various neuronal and immune cells, as well as non-cellular components, including metabolic products, cellular interactions, and chemical compositions, all of which play a critical role in GBM development and therapeutic resistance. In this review, we aim to unravel the complexity of the GBM TME, evaluate current therapeutics targeting this microenvironment, and lastly identify potential targets and therapeutic delivery vehicles for the treatment of GBM. Specifically, we explore the potential of aptamer-targeted delivery as a successful approach to treating brain cancers. Aptamers have emerged as promising therapeutic drug delivery vehicles with the potential to cross the BBB and deliver payloads to GBM and brain metastases. By targeting specific ligands within the TME, aptamers could potentially improve treatment outcomes and overcome the challenges associated with larger therapies such as antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna Giles
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (B.G.); (S.S.); (R.M.S.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Maryam Nakhjavani
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (B.G.); (S.S.); (R.M.S.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Andrew Wiesa
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (B.G.); (S.S.); (R.M.S.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Tareeque Knight
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (B.G.); (S.S.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Sarah Shigdar
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (B.G.); (S.S.); (R.M.S.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Rasika M. Samarasinghe
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (B.G.); (S.S.); (R.M.S.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
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Morisse M, Bourhis T, Lévêque R, Guilbert M, Cicero J, Palma M, Chevalier D, le Bourhis X, Toillon RA, Mouawad F. Influence of EGF and pro-NGF on EGFR/SORTILIN interaction and clinical impact in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:661775. [PMID: 37576898 PMCID: PMC10416107 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.661775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a cancer with a poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 50%. Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is almost always overexpressed, targeted anti-EGFR therapies have modest efficacy and are mainly used in palliative care. Growth factors such as Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and its precursor proNGF have been shown in our laboratory to play a role in tumor growth and aggressiveness. Interestingly, an interaction between Sortilin, a proNGF receptor, and EGFR has been observed. This interaction appears to interfere with the pro-oncogenic signaling of EGF and modulate the membrane expression of EGFR. The aim of this study was to characterize this interaction biologically, to assess its impact on clinical prognosis and to analyze its role in the cellular trafficking of EGFR. Using immunohistochemical staining on tumor sections from patients treated at our university center and PLA (Proximity Ligation Assay) labeling, we showed that Sortilin expression is significantly associated with reduced 5-year survival. However, when Sortilin was associated with EGFR, this association was not found. Using the Cal-27 and Cal-33 cancer cell lines, we observed that proNGF reduces the effects of EGF on cell growth by inducing the internalization of its receptor. These results therefore suggest a regulatory role for Sortilin in the degradation or renewal of EGFR on the membrane. It would be interesting in future work to show the intracellular fate of EGFR and the role of (pro)neurotrophins in these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Morisse
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Center (CHU) de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, University Hospital Center (CHU) Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Thomas Bourhis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Center (CHU) de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, University Hospital Center (CHU) Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Romain Lévêque
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, University Hospital Center (CHU) Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Mathieu Guilbert
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, University Hospital Center (CHU) Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Julien Cicero
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, University Hospital Center (CHU) Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Martine Palma
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, University Hospital Center (CHU) Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Chevalier
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Center (CHU) de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, University Hospital Center (CHU) Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Xuefen le Bourhis
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, University Hospital Center (CHU) Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Robert-Alain Toillon
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, University Hospital Center (CHU) Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Francois Mouawad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Center (CHU) de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, University Hospital Center (CHU) Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
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Marsland M, Dowdell A, Faulkner S, Gedye C, Lynam J, Griffin CP, Marsland J, Jiang CC, Hondermarck H. The Membrane Protein Sortilin Is a Potential Biomarker and Target for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092514. [PMID: 37173980 PMCID: PMC10177035 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating brain cancer with no effective treatment, and there is an urgent need for developing innovative biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for better management of the disease. The membrane protein sortilin has recently been shown to participate in tumor cell invasiveness in several cancers, but its involvement and clinical relevance in GBM is unclear. In the present study, we explored the expression of sortilin and its potential as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target for GBM. Sortilin expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry and digital quantification in a series of 71 clinical cases of invasive GBM vs. 20 non-invasive gliomas. Sortilin was overexpressed in GBM and, importantly, higher expression levels were associated with worse patient survival, pointing to sortilin tissue expression as a potential prognostic biomarker for GBM. Sortilin was also detectable in the plasma of GBM patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), but no differences were observed between sortilin levels in the blood of GBM vs. glioma patients. In vitro, sortilin was detected in 11 brain-cancer-patient-derived cell lines at the anticipated molecular weight of 100 kDa. Interestingly, targeting sortilin with the orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor AF38469 resulted in decreased GBM invasiveness, but cancer cell proliferation was not affected, showing that sortilin is targetable in GBM. Together, these data suggest the clinical relevance for sortilin in GBM and support further investigation of GBM as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Marsland
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Amiee Dowdell
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Sam Faulkner
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Craig Gedye
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater, Newcastle, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - James Lynam
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater, Newcastle, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Cassandra P Griffin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Biobank, NSW Regional Biospecimen and Research Services, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Joanne Marsland
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Chen Chen Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Hubert Hondermarck
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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Xu X, Zhou R, Ying J, Li X, Lu R, Qu Y, Mu D. Irisin prevents hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and protecting the blood-brain barrier. Peptides 2023; 161:170945. [PMID: 36623553 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.170945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is associated with excessive inflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Irisin can reduce inflammation and ameliorate oxidative stress; however, its effects on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in newborns are unknown. Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to hypoxic-ischemic injury and irisin treatment. TUNEL staining assays, the albumin-Evans blue dye extravasation method, an antioxidants detection kit, quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy were used to investigate the possible mechanisms underlying the prevention of HIE by irisin. We discovered that rats affected by HIE and administered irisin had lower levels of IL-6 (but not TNF-α or IL-1β) less oxidative stress, and enhanced blood-brain barrier integrity. Irisin can effectively attenuate brain damage by reducing oxidative stress and protecting the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanpei Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Inner Mongolia Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Ruixi Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junjie Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruifeng Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Li Q, Hu YZ, Gao S, Wang PF, Hu ZL, Dai RP. ProBDNF and its receptors in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: novel insights into the regulation of metabolism and mitochondria. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1155333. [PMID: 37143663 PMCID: PMC10151479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1155333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) consist of a common and clinically diverse group of diseases. Despite remarkable progress in the past two decades, no remission is observed in a large number of patients, and no effective treatments have been developed to prevent organ and tissue damage. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor (proBDNF) and receptors, such as p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and sortilin, have been proposed to mediate intracellular metabolism and mitochondrial function to regulate the progression of several IMIDs. Here, the regulatory role of proBDNF and its receptors in seven typical IMIDs, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, allergic asthma, type I diabetes, vasculitis, and inflammatory bowel diseases, was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yue-Zi Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhao-Lan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Ru-Ping Dai, ; Zhao-Lan Hu,
| | - Ru-Ping Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Ru-Ping Dai, ; Zhao-Lan Hu,
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10
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Adam MI, Lin L, Makin AM, Zhang XF, Zhou LX, Liao XY, Zhao L, Wang F, Luo DS. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulate the interaction between astrocytes and Schwann cells at the trigeminal root entry zone. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1364-1370. [PMID: 36453424 PMCID: PMC9838158 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.354517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The trigeminal root entry zone is the zone at which the myelination switches from peripheral Schwann cells to central oligodendrocytes. Its special anatomical and physiological structure renders it susceptible to nerve injury. The etiology of most primary trigeminal neuralgia is closely related to microvascular compression of the trigeminal root entry zone. This study aimed to develop an efficient in vitro model mimicking the glial environment of trigeminal root entry zone as a tool to investigate the effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor on the structural and functional integrity of trigeminal root entry zone and modulation of cellular interactions. Primary astrocytes and Schwann cells isolated from trigeminal root entry zone of postnatal rats were inoculated into a two-well silicon culture insert to mimic the trigeminal root entry zone microenvironment and treated with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. In monoculture, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor promoted the migration of Schwann cells, but it did not have effects on the migration of astrocytes. In the co-culture system, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor promoted the bidirectional migration of astrocytes and Schwann cells. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor markedly promoted the activation and migration of astrocytes. However, in the co-culture system, brain-derived neurotrophic factor inhibited the migration of astrocytes and Schwann cells to a certain degree. These findings suggest that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor are involved in the regulation of the astrocyte-Schwann cell interaction in the co-culture system derived from the trigeminal root entry zone. This system can be used as a cell model to study the mechanism of glial dysregulation associated with trigeminal nerve injury and possible therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeha Ishag Adam
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Fujian Province, Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Public Technology Service Center of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Amir Mahmoud Makin
- Center for Membrane and Water Science & Technology, Institute of Oceanic and Environmental Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Fujian Province, Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lu-Xi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Fujian Province, Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xin-Yue Liao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Fujian Province, Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Fujian Province, Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Fujian Province, Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Correspondence to: Dao-Shu Luo, ; Feng Wang, .
| | - Dao-Shu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Fujian Province, Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Correspondence to: Dao-Shu Luo, ; Feng Wang, .
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11
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Mitok KA, Keller MP, Attie AD. Sorting through the extensive and confusing roles of sortilin in metabolic disease. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100243. [PMID: 35724703 PMCID: PMC9356209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sortilin is a post-Golgi trafficking receptor homologous to the yeast vacuolar protein sorting receptor 10 (VPS10). The VPS10 motif on sortilin is a 10-bladed β-propeller structure capable of binding more than 50 proteins, covering a wide range of biological functions including lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, neuronal growth and death, inflammation, and lysosomal degradation. Sortilin has a complex cellular trafficking itinerary, where it functions as a receptor in the trans-Golgi network, endosomes, secretory vesicles, multivesicular bodies, and at the cell surface. In addition, sortilin is associated with hypercholesterolemia, Alzheimer's disease, prion diseases, Parkinson's disease, and inflammation syndromes. The 1p13.3 locus containing SORT1, the gene encoding sortilin, carries the strongest association with LDL-C of all loci in human genome-wide association studies. However, the mechanism by which sortilin influences LDL-C is unclear. Here, we review the role sortilin plays in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and describe in detail the large and often contradictory literature on the role of sortilin in the regulation of LDL-C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Mitok
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark P Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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12
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Gorick CM, Saucerman JJ, Price RJ. Computational model of brain endothelial cell signaling pathways predicts therapeutic targets for cerebral pathologies. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 164:17-28. [PMID: 34798125 PMCID: PMC8958390 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain endothelial cells serve many critical homeostatic functions. In addition to sensing and regulating blood flow, they maintain blood-brain barrier function, including precise control of nutrient exchange and efflux of xenobiotics. Many signaling pathways in brain endothelial cells have been implicated in both health and disease; however, our understanding of how these signaling pathways functionally integrate is limited. A model capable of integrating these signaling pathways could both advance our understanding of brain endothelial cell signaling networks and potentially identify promising molecular targets for endothelial cell-based drug or gene therapies. To this end, we developed a large-scale computational model, wherein brain endothelial cell signaling pathways were reconstructed from the literature and converted into a network of logic-based differential equations. The model integrates 63 nodes (including proteins, mRNA, small molecules, and cell phenotypes) and 82 reactions connecting these nodes. Specifically, our model combines signaling pathways relating to VEGF-A, BDNF, NGF, and Wnt signaling, in addition to incorporating pathways relating to focused ultrasound as a therapeutic delivery tool. To validate the model, independently established relationships between selected inputs and outputs were simulated, with the model yielding correct predictions 73% of the time. We identified influential and sensitive nodes under different physiological or pathological contexts, including altered brain endothelial cell conditions during glioma, Alzheimer's disease, and ischemic stroke. Nodes with the greatest influence over combinations of desired model outputs were identified as potential druggable targets for these disease conditions. For example, the model predicts therapeutic benefits from inhibiting AKT, Hif-1α, or cathepsin D in the context of glioma - each of which are currently being studied in clinical or pre-clinical trials. Notably, the model also permits testing multiple combinations of node alterations for their effects on the network and the desired outputs (such as inhibiting AKT and overexpressing the P75 neurotrophin receptor simultaneously in the context of glioma), allowing for the prediction of optimal combination therapies. In all, our approach integrates results from over 100 past studies into a coherent and powerful model, capable of both revealing network interactions unapparent from studying any one pathway in isolation and predicting therapeutic targets for treating devastating brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Gorick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Corresponding authors at: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Box 800759, Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. (J.J. Saucerman), (R.J. Price)
| | - Richard J. Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Department of Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Corresponding authors at: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Box 800759, Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. (J.J. Saucerman), (R.J. Price)
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13
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Abstract
Nervous system activity regulates development, homeostasis, and plasticity of the brain as well as other organs in the body. These mechanisms are subverted in cancer to propel malignant growth. In turn, cancers modulate neural structure and function to augment growth-promoting neural signaling in the tumor microenvironment. Approaching cancer biology from a neuroscience perspective will elucidate new therapeutic strategies for presently lethal forms of cancer. In this review, we highlight the neural signaling mechanisms recapitulated in primary brain tumors, brain metastases, and solid tumors throughout the body that regulate cancer progression. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 45 is July 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Keough
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;
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14
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Charfi C, Demeule M, Currie JC, Larocque A, Zgheib A, Danalache BA, Ouanouki A, Béliveau R, Marsolais C, Annabi B. New Peptide-Drug Conjugates for Precise Targeting of SORT1-Mediated Vasculogenic Mimicry in the Tumor Microenvironment of TNBC-Derived MDA-MB-231 Breast and Ovarian ES-2 Clear Cell Carcinoma Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:760787. [PMID: 34751242 PMCID: PMC8571021 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.760787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is defined as the formation of microvascular channels by genetically deregulated cancer cells and is often associated with high tumor grade and cancer therapy resistance. This microcirculation system, independent of endothelial cells, provides oxygen and nutrients to tumors, and contributes also in part to metastasis. VM has been observed in ovarian cancer and in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and shown to correlate with decreased overall cancer patient survival. Thus, strategies designed to inhibit VM may improve cancer patient treatments. In this study, sortilin (SORT1) receptor was detected in in vitro 3D capillary-like structures formed by ES-2 ovarian cancer and MDA-MB-231 TNBC-derived cells when grown on Matrigel. SORT1 gene silencing or antibodies directed against its extracellular domain inhibited capillary-like structure formation. In vitro, VM also correlated with increased gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and of the cancer stem cell marker CD133. In vivo ES-2 xenograft model showed PAS+/CD31- VM structures (staining positive for both SORT1 and CD133). TH1904, a Doxorubicin-peptide conjugate that is internalized by SORT1, significantly decreased in vitro VM at low nM concentrations. In contrast, VM was unaffected by unconjugated Doxorubicin or Doxil (liposomal Doxorubicin) up to μM concentrations. TH1902, a Docetaxel-peptide conjugate, altered even more efficiently in vitro VM at pM concentrations. Overall, current data evidence for the first time that 1) SORT1 itself exerts a crucial role in both ES-2 and MDA-MB-231 VM, and that 2) VM in these cancer cell models can be efficiently inhibited by the peptide-drug conjugates TH1902/TH1904. These new findings also indicate that both peptide-drug conjugates, in addition to their reported cytotoxicity, could possibly inhibit VM in SORT1-positive TNBC and ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alain Zgheib
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bogdan Alexandru Danalache
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Amira Ouanouki
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Béliveau
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Borhane Annabi
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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15
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Sánchez ML, Coveñas R. The Neurotensinergic System: A Target for Cancer Treatment. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:3231-3260. [PMID: 34711154 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211027124328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The scientific interest regarding the involvement of peptides in cancer has increased in the last years. In tumor cells the overexpression of peptides and their receptors is known and new therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer have been suggested. The overexpression of the neurotensinergic system has been associated with poor prognosis, tumor size, higher tumor aggressiveness, increased relapse risk and worse sensitivity to chemotherapy agents. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to update the findings regarding the involvement of the neurotensinergic system in cancer to suggest anticancer therapeutic strategies targeting this system. The neurotensin (NT) precursor, NT and its receptors (NTR) and the involvement of the neurotensinergic system in lung, breast, prostate, gastric, colon, liver and pancreatic cancers, glioblastoma, neuroendocrine tumors and B-cell leukemia will be mentioned and discussed as well as the signaling pathways mediated by NT. Some research lines to be developed in the future will be suggested such as: molecules regulating the expression of the NT precursor, influence of the diet in the development of tumors, molecules and signaling pathways activated by NT and antitumor therapeutic strategies targeting the neurotensinergic system. CONCLUSION NT, via the NTR, exerts oncogenic (tumor cell proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis) and antiapoptotic effects, whereas NTR antagonists inhibit these effects. NTR expression can be used as a diagnostic tool/therapeutic target and the administration of NTR antagonists as antitumor drugs could be a therapeutic strategy to treat tumors overexpressing NTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lisardo Sánchez
- University of Salamanca, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems (Lab. 14), Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Salamanca. Spain
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- University of Salamanca, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems (Lab. 14), Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Salamanca. Spain
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16
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Dorandish S, Atali S, Ray R, Al Khashali H, Coleman KL, Guthrie J, Heyl D, Evans HG. Differences in the Relative Abundance of ProBDNF and Mature BDNF in A549 and H1299 Human Lung Cancer Cell Media. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137059. [PMID: 34209215 PMCID: PMC8267635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family, has been linked to several human malignancies and shown to promote tumorigenesis. The purpose of this study was to explore the relative abundance of pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF) and mature BDNF (mBDNF) in A549 (p53 wild-type) and H1299 (p53-null) lung cancer cell media. Higher levels of proBDNF were detected in the media of A549 cells than in H1299 cell media. Using inhibitors, we found that the levels of proBDNF and mBDNF in the media are likely regulated by PI3K, AKT, and NFκB. However, the largest change in these levels resulted from MMP2/9 inhibition. Blocking p53 function in A549 cells resulted in increased mBDNF and decreased proBDNF, suggesting a role for p53 in regulating these levels. The ratio of proBDNF/mBDNF was not affected by MMP2 knockdown but increased in the media of both cell lines upon knockdown of MMP9. Downregulation of either MMP2 or MMP9 by siRNA showed that MMP9 siRNA treatment of either A549 or H1299 cells resulted in decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis, an effect diminished upon the same treatment with proBDNF immunodepleted media, suggesting that MMP9 regulates the cytotoxic effects induced by proBDNF in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hedeel Guy Evans
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(734)-487-1425; Fax: +1-(734)-487-1496
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17
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Zhang R, Wang YH, Shi X, Ji J, Zhan FQ, Leng H. Sortilin regulates keratinocyte proliferation and apoptosis through the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Life Sci 2021; 278:119630. [PMID: 34004257 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sortilin is found to regulate proliferation and death of different cells, while its role in regulating keratinocyte proliferation and apoptosis is still unknown. In this study, we found that sortilin levels significantly increased in psoriasis patients, and sortilin suppression eliminated the proliferation of HaCaT cells induced by M5 cocktail solution and enhanced the levels of cleaved caspase 3 protein and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio; however, levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT were decreased. In addition, sortilin silencing remitted the characteristic changes associated with psoriasis-like skin lesions. In summary, suppressed sortilin expression helped inhibit keratinocyte proliferation in HaCaT cells by inactivating PI3K/AKT signaling, which provides a new target for the therapy of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Su Zhou 215004, China
| | - Ye Hua Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical, Soochow University, No. 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xin Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Su Zhou 215004, China
| | - Jiang Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Su Zhou 215004, China
| | - Fu Qin Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, China
| | - Hong Leng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Su Zhou 215004, China.
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18
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Ghaemimanesh F, Mehravar M, Milani S, Poursani EM, Saliminejad K. The multifaceted role of sortilin/neurotensin receptor 3 in human cancer development. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6271-6281. [PMID: 33634506 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sortilin (also known as neurotensin receptor 3) is a multitasking protein implicated in numerous pathophysiological processes, including cancer development, cardiovascular impairment, Alzheimer-type dementia, and depression. Although the definitive role of sortilin in human solid and hematological malignancies has been evidenced, few articles reviewed the task. The aim of the current review is to unravel the mechanisms by which sortilin controls oncogenicity and cancer progression; and also to summarize and discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on this topic. Questions on how sortilin is involving in the impairment of cell junctions, in exosomes composition and release, as well as in the regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor trafficking are also responded. In addition, we provide a special focus on the regulatory role of sortilin in signal transduction by either neurotrophins or neurotensin in normal and malignant cells. The relevance of sortilin with normal and cancer stem cells is also discussed. The last section provides a general overview of sortilin applications as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in the context of cancer detection. Finally, we comment on the future research aspects in which the field of cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy might be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghaemimanesh
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Mehravar
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Saeideh Milani
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh M Poursani
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kioomars Saliminejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Wu N, Yan C, Chen J, Yao Q, Lu Y, Yu F, Sun H, Fu Y. Conjunctival reconstruction via enrichment of human conjunctival epithelial stem cells by p75 through the NGF-p75-SALL2 signaling axis. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1448-1461. [PMID: 32602639 PMCID: PMC7581450 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe conjunctival diseases can cause significant conjunctival scarring, which seriously limits eye movement and affects patients' vision. Conjunctival reconstruction remains challenging due to the lack of efficient methods for stem cells enrichment. This study indicated that p75 positive conjunctival epithelial cells (CjECs) were mainly located in the basal layer of human conjunctival epithelium and showed an immature differentiation state in vivo. The p75 strongly positive (p75++) CjECs enriched by immuno-magnetic beads exhibited high expression of stem cell markers and low expression of differentiated keratins. During continuous cell passage cultivation, p75++ CjECs showed the strongest proliferation potential and were able to reconstruct the conjunctiva in vivo with the most complete structure and function. Exogenous addition of NGF promoted the differentiation of CjECs by increasing nuclear localization of SALL2 in p75++ CjECs while proNGF played an opposite role. Altogether, p75++ CjECs present stem cell characteristics and exhibit the strongest proliferation potential so can be used as seed cells for conjunctival reconstruction, and NGF-p75-SALL2 signaling pathway was involved in regulating the differentiation of CjECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianxuan Wu
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Yan
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Junzhao Chen
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qinke Yao
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
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20
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Lin LY, Kelliny S, Liu LC, Al-Hawwas M, Zhou XF, Bobrovskaya L. Peripheral ProBDNF Delivered by an AAV Vector to the Muscle Triggers Depression-Like Behaviours in Mice. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:626-639. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Arutjunyan AV, Milyutina YP, Shcherbitskaia AD, Kerkeshko GO, Zalozniaia IV, Mikhel AV. Neurotrophins of the Fetal Brain and Placenta in Prenatal Hyperhomocysteinemia. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:213-223. [PMID: 32093597 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792002008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia (PHHC) in pregnant rats was induced by chronic L-methionine loading, resulting in a significant increase in the L-homocysteine content both in the mothers' blood and blood and brain of fetuses. Significant decrease in the weight of the placenta, fetus, and fetal brain was detected by the morphometric studies on day 20 of pregnancy. PHHC also activated maternal immune system due to the increase in the content of proinflammatory interleukin-1β in the rat blood and fetal part of the placenta. PHHC elevated the levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, 29 kDa) and nerve growth factor (NGF, 31 kDa) precursors in the placenta and the content of the BDNF isoform (29 kDa) in the fetal brain. The content of neuregulin 1 (NRG1) decreased in the placenta and increased in the fetal brain on day 20 of embryonic development. An increase in the caspase-3 activity was detected in the brains of fetuses subjected to PHHC. It was suggested that changes in the processing of neurotrophins induced by PPHC, oxidative stress, and inflammatory processes initiated by it, as well as apoptosis, play an important role in the development of brain disorders in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Arutjunyan
- Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
| | - Yu P Milyutina
- Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - A D Shcherbitskaia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - G O Kerkeshko
- Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - I V Zalozniaia
- Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - A V Mikhel
- Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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22
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Kozlov EM, Grechko AV, Chegodaev YS, Wu WK, Orekhov AN. Contribution of Neurotrophins to the Immune System Regulation and Possible Connection to Alcohol Addiction. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9040063. [PMID: 32231011 PMCID: PMC7235771 DOI: 10.3390/biology9040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The first references to neurotrophic factors date back to the middle of the 20th century when the nerve growth factor (NGF) was first discovered. Later studies delivered a large amount of data on neurotrophic factors. However, many questions regarding neurotrophin signaling still remain unanswered. One of the principal topics in neurotrophin research is their role in the immune system regulation. Another important research question is the possible involvement of neurotrophin signaling in the pathological processes associated with alcoholism. Among known neurotrophins, NT-4 remains the least studied and appears to be involved in alcoholism and chronic stress pathogenesis. In this review we discuss known neurotrophin signaling cascades mediated by different neurotrophin receptors, as well as provide a generalization of the data regarding the influence of neurotrophins NGF, BDNF, and NT-4 on the immune system and their potential contribution to the pathogenesis of alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii M. Kozlov
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Biotechnology of Bacteriophages G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 125212 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Andrey V. Grechko
- Federal Scientific Clinical Center for Resuscitation and Rehabilitation, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Yegor S. Chegodaev
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Infection Pathology and Molecular Microecology, Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-903-169-08-66
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23
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Yang W, Wu PF, Ma JX, Liao MJ, Xu LS, Xu MH, Yi L. Presenilin1 exerts antiproliferative effects by repressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in glioblastoma. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:22. [PMID: 32046730 PMCID: PMC7014622 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are the most common and devastating diseases in the central nervous system. The dysfunction of Presenilin1 is the main reason for AD pathogenesis. However, the molecular function of Presenilin1 and its relative mechanism in glioblastoma remain unclear. Methods Expression of presenilin1 in glioma was determined by IHC. CCK-8, colony formation, Flow cytometry, Edu staining were utilized to evaluate functions of presenilin1 on glioblastoma proliferation. The mechanism of above process was assessed by Western blotting and cell immunofluorescence. Mouse transplanting glioblastoma model and micro-MRI detection were used to verified presenilin1 function in vivo. Results In this study, we found that all grades of glioma maintained relatively low Presenilin1 expression and that the expression of Presenilin1 in high-grade glioma was significantly lower than that in low-grade glioma. Moreover, the Presenilin1 level had a positive correlation with glioma and glioblastoma patient prognosis. Next, we determined that Presenilin1 inhibited the growth and proliferation of glioblastoma cells by downregulating CDK6, C-myc and Cyclin D1 to arrest the cell cycle at the G1/S phase. Mechanistically, Presenilin1 promoted the direct phosphorylation of β-catenin at the 45 site and indirect phosphorylation at the 33/37/41 site, then decreased the stabilized part of β-catenin and hindered its translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Furthermore, we found that Presenilin1 downregulation clearly accelerated the growth of subcutaneous glioblastoma, and Presenilin1 overexpression significantly repressed the subcutaneous and intracranial transplantation of glioblastoma by hindering β-catenin-dependent cell proliferation. Conclusion Our data implicate the antiproliferative effect of Presenilin1 in glioblastoma by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which may provide a novel therapeutic agent for glioblastoma. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital & Institute Research of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhi Road, Daping, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital & Institute Research of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhi Road, Daping, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital & Institute Research of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhi Road, Daping, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Mao-Jun Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital & Institute Research of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhi Road, Daping, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Lun-Shan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital & Institute Research of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhi Road, Daping, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Min-Hui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital & Institute Research of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhi Road, Daping, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Liang Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital & Institute Research of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhi Road, Daping, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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24
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Yang W, Wu PF, Ma JX, Liao MJ, Wang XH, Xu LS, Xu MH, Yi L. Sortilin promotes glioblastoma invasion and mesenchymal transition through GSK-3β/β-catenin/twist pathway. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:208. [PMID: 30814514 PMCID: PMC6393543 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High aggressiveness is a hallmark of glioblastoma and predicts poor prognosis of patients with glioblastoma. The expression level of sortilin has been preliminarily reported to be elevated in high-grade glioma; however, the potential significance of sortilin in glioblastoma progression has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the oncogenic effect of sortilin in glioblastoma. Increased levels of sortilin were noted in the mesenchymal subtype of glioblastoma and highly aggressive subtypes of glioblastoma tissues and cell lines. In addition, high levels of sortilin predicted poor prognoses in patients with glioblastoma. Sortilin knockdown or inhibition with AF38469 (an orally bioavailable inhibitor of sortilin) significantly suppressed migration and invasion by inhibiting EMT-like mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, we proved that sortilin promoted cell invasion mainly via Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β)/β-catenin/Twist-induced EMT-like mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma. Taken together, our results demonstrate a critical role of sortilin in glioblastoma invasion and EMT-like mesenchymal transition, indicating that sortilin contributes to glioblastoma progression. These data also highlight the dramatic antitumor effects of AF38469 in glioblastoma, suggesting that AF38469 is a potentially powerful antitumor agent for sortilin-overexpressing human glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital and Institute Research of Surgery, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital and Institute Research of Surgery, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital and Institute Research of Surgery, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Mao-Jun Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital and Institute Research of Surgery, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xu-Hui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital and Institute Research of Surgery, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Lun-Shan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital and Institute Research of Surgery, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Min-Hui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital and Institute Research of Surgery, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Liang Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital and Institute Research of Surgery, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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25
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Gao X, Mi Y, Guo N, Xu H, Jiang P, Zhang R, Xu L, Gou X. Glioma in Schizophrenia: Is the Risk Higher or Lower? Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:289. [PMID: 30233327 PMCID: PMC6129591 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether persons with schizophrenia have a higher or lower incidence of cancer has been discussed for a long time. Due to the complex mechanisms and characteristics of different types of cancer, it is difficult to evaluate the exact relationship between cancers and schizophrenia without considering the type of tumor. Schizophrenia, a disabling mental illness that is now recognized as a neurodevelopmental disorder, is more correlated with brain tumors, such as glioma, than other types of tumors. Thus, we mainly focused on the relationship between schizophrenia and glioma morbidity. Glioma tumorigenesis and schizophrenia may share similar mechanisms; gene/pathway disruption would affect neurodevelopment and reduce the risk of glioma. The molecular defects of disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1), P53, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and C-X-C chemokine receptors type 4 (CXCR4) involved in schizophrenia pathogenesis might play opposite roles in glioma development. Many microRNAs (miRNAs) such as miR-183, miR-9, miR-137 and miR-126 expression change may be involved in the cross talk between glioma prevalence and schizophrenia. Finally, antipsychotic drugs may have antitumor effects. All these factors show that persons with schizophrenia have a decreased incidence of glioma; therefore, epidemiological investigation and studies comparing genetic and epigenetic aberrations involved in both of these complex diseases should be performed. These studies can provide more insightful knowledge about glioma and schizophrenia pathophysiology and help to determine the target/strategies for the prevention and treatment of the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchun Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yajing Mi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengtao Jiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruisan Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lixian Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
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26
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Targeting neurotrophin signaling in cancer: The renaissance. Pharmacol Res 2018; 135:12-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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27
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Wislet S, Vandervelden G, Rogister B. From Neural Crest Development to Cancer and Vice Versa: How p75 NTR and (Pro)neurotrophins Could Act on Cell Migration and Invasion? Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:244. [PMID: 30190671 PMCID: PMC6115613 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), also known as low-affinity nerve growth factor, belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family of receptors. p75NTR is widely expressed in the nervous system during the development, as well as, in the neural crest population, since p75NTR has been described as ubiquitously expressed and considered as a neural crest marker. Neural crest cells (NCCs) constitute an transient population accurately migrating and invading, with precision, defined sites of the embryo. During migration, NCCs are guided along distinct migratory pathways by specialized molecules present in the extracellular matrix or on the surfaces of those cells. Two main processes direct NCC migration during the development: (1) an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and (2) a process known as contact inhibition of locomotion. In adults, p75NTR remains expressed by NCCs and has been identified in an increasing number of cancer cells. Nonetheless, the regulation of the expression of p75NTR and the underlying mechanisms in stem cell biology or cancer cells have not yet been sufficiently addressed. The main objective of this review is therefore to analyze elements of our actual knowledge regarding p75NTR roles during the development (mainly focusing on neural crest development) and see how we can transpose that information from development to cancer (and vice versa) to better understand the link between p75NTR and cell migration and invasion. In this review, we successively analyzed the molecular mechanisms of p75NTR when it interacts with several coreceptors and/or effectors. We then analyzed which signaling pathways are the most activated or linked to NCC migration during the development. Regarding cancer, we analyzed the described molecular pathways underlying cancer cell migration when p75NTR was correlated to cancer cell migration and invasion. From those diverse sources of information, we finally summarized potential molecular mechanisms underlying p75NTR activation in cell migration and invasion that could lead to new research areas to develop new therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Wislet
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Bernard Rogister
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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28
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Pro-BDNF Contributes to Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Myocardial Microvascular Endothelial Cells: Roles of Receptors p75 NTR and Sortilin and Activation of JNK and Caspase 3. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3091424. [PMID: 30046375 PMCID: PMC6038493 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3091424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the role of the precursor of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (pro-BDNF) in myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation injury (H/R) and to address the underlying mechanisms. For this purpose, myocardial microvascular endothelial cells (MMECs) exposed to a high concentration of glucose (30 mM) for 48 h were subjected to 4 h of hypoxia followed by 2 h of reoxygenation. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining and flow-cytometric analysis were performed to detect apoptosis. Cell scratch and capillary-like-structure formation assays were employed to evaluate cell function. The levels of apoptosis-related proteins were evaluated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. Our results showed that H/R resulted in MMEC injury, as indicated by significant increases in TUNEL-positive cell numbers and a reduction in MMEC migration and in capillary-like-structure formation coupled with increased pro-BDNF protein expression. In addition, overexpression of pro-BDNF in MMECs via a viral vector led to increased pro-BDNF expression, and this upregulation induced apoptosis. Mechanistic experiments revealed that H/R did not influence BDNF, JNK, and caspase 3 expression, but upregulated pro-BDNF, p75NTR, sortilin, phospho-JNK, and cleaved caspase 3 protein levels. In contrast, neutralization of endogenous pro-BDNF with an antibody significantly attenuated H/R-induced upregulation of pro-BDNF, p75NTR, sortilin, p-JNK, and cleaved caspase 3 protein levels, indicating that p75NTR-sortilin signaling and activation of JNK and caspase 3 may be involved in these effects. In conclusion, H/R-induced injury may be mediated by pro-BDNF, at least in part through the regulation of p75NTR-sortilin signaling and activation of JNK and caspase 3.
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29
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Sharma K, Singh J, Frost EE, Pillai PP. MeCP2 overexpression inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of C6 glioma by modulating ERK signaling and gene expression. Neurosci Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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30
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Pinet S, Bessette B, Vedrenne N, Lacroix A, Richard L, Jauberteau MO, Battu S, Lalloué F. TrkB-containing exosomes promote the transfer of glioblastoma aggressiveness to YKL-40-inactivated glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50349-50364. [PMID: 27385098 PMCID: PMC5226587 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotrophin receptors are known to promote growth and proliferation of glioblastoma cells. Their functions in spreading glioblastoma cell aggressiveness to the microenvironment through exosome release from glioblastoma cells are unknown. Considering previous reports demonstrating that YKL-40 expression is associated with undifferentiated glioblastoma cancer stem cells, we used YKL-40-silenced cells to modulate the U87-MG differentiated state and their biological aggressiveness. Herein, we demonstrated a relationship between neurotrophin-receptors and YKL-40 expression in undifferentiated cells. Differential functions of cells and derived-exosomes were evidenced according to neurotrophin receptor content and differentiated cell state by comparison with control pLKO cells. YKL-40 silencing of glioblastoma cells impairs proliferation, neurosphere formation, and their ability to induce endothelial cell (HBMEC) migration. The modulation of differentiated cell state in YKL-40-silenced cells induces a decrease of TrkB, sortilin and p75NTR cellular expressions, associated with a low-aggressiveness phenotype. Interestingly, TrkB expressed in exosomes derived from control cells was undetectable in exosomes from YKL-40 -silenced cells. The transfer of TrkB-containing exosomes in YKL-40-silenced cells contributed to restore cell proliferation and promote endothelial cell activation. Interestingly, in U87 MG xenografted mice, TrkB-depleted exosomes from YKL-40-silenced cells inhibited tumor growth in vivo. These data highlight that TrkB-containing exosomes play a key role in the control of glioblastoma progression and aggressiveness. Furthermore, TrkB expression was detected in exosomes isolated from plasma of glioblastoma patients, suggesting that this receptor may be considered as a new biomarker for glioblastoma diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pinet
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Barbara Bessette
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Vedrenne
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Aurélie Lacroix
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Richard
- Limoges University Hospital, Department of Neurology, 87042 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.,Limoges University Hospital, Department of Immunology, 87042 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Serge Battu
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.,Limoges University, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Fabrice Lalloué
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
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31
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De la Cruz-Morcillo MA, Berger J, Sánchez-Prieto R, Saada S, Naves T, Guillaudeau A, Perraud A, Sindou P, Lacroix A, Descazeaud A, Lalloué F, Jauberteau MO. p75 neurotrophin receptor and pro-BDNF promote cell survival and migration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:34480-97. [PMID: 27120782 PMCID: PMC5085170 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
p75NTR, a member of TNF receptor family, is the low affinity receptor common to several mature neurotrophins and the high affinity receptor for pro-neurotrophins. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), a member of neurotrophin family has been described to play an important role in development and progression of several cancers, through its binding to a high affinity tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) and/or p75NTR. However, the functions of these two receptors in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have never been investigated. An overexpression of p75NTR, pro-BDNF, and to a lesser extent for TrkB and sortilin, was detected by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 83 clear cell RCC tumors. p75NTR, mainly expressed in tumor tissues, was significantly associated with higher Fuhrman grade in multivariate analysis. In two derived-RCC lines, 786-O and ACHN cells, we demonstrated that pro-BDNF induced cell survival and migration, through p75NTR as provided by p75NTR RNA silencing or blocking anti-p75NTR antibody. This mechanism is independent of TrkB activation as demonstrated by k252a, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor for Trk neurotrophin receptors. Taken together, these data highlight for the first time an important role for p75NTR in renal cancer and indicate a putative novel target therapy in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A De la Cruz-Morcillo
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges, Cedex, France
| | - Julien Berger
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges, Cedex, France.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Limoges, 87042 Limoges, Cedex, France
| | - Ricardo Sánchez-Prieto
- PCTCLM/CRIB Unidad de Medicina Molecular Laboratorio de Oncología/Unidad de Biomedicina UCLM-CSIC, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Sofiane Saada
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges, Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Naves
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges, Cedex, France
| | | | - Aurélie Perraud
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges, Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Sindou
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges, Cedex, France
| | - Aurélie Lacroix
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges, Cedex, France
| | - Aurélien Descazeaud
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges, Cedex, France.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Limoges, 87042 Limoges, Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Lalloué
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges, Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges, Cedex, France
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32
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Kim JT, Napier DL, Weiss HL, Lee EY, Townsend CM, Evers BM. Neurotensin Receptor 3/Sortilin Contributes to Tumorigenesis of Neuroendocrine Tumors Through Augmentation of Cell Adhesion and Migration. Neoplasia 2017; 20:175-181. [PMID: 29272741 PMCID: PMC5884004 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin (NTS), a 13–amino acid peptide which is distributed predominantly along gastrointestinal tract, has multiple physiologic and pathologic functions, and its effects are mediated by three distinct NTS receptors (NTSRs). Overexpression and activation of NTS signaling components, especially NTS and/or NTSR1, are closely linked with cancer progression and metastasis in various types of cancers including neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Although deregulation of NTSR3/sortilin has been implicated in a variety of human diseases, the expression and role of NTSR3/sortilin in NETs have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the expression and oncogenic effect of NTSR3/sortilin in NETs. Increased protein levels of NTSR3/sortilin were noted in the majority of human clinical NETs (n = 21) by immunohistochemical analyses compared with normal tissues (n = 12). Expression of NTS and NTSR3/sortilin was also noted in all tested NET cell lines. In addition, small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of NTSR3/sortilin decreased cell number without alteration of cell cycle progression and apoptosis induction in NET cell lines BON and QGP-1. Moreover, silencing of NTSR3/sortilin significantly suppressed cell adhesion and cell migration with inhibition of focal adhesion kinase and Src phosphorylation in the NET cells. Our results demonstrate increased expression of NTSR3/sortilin in NET patient tissues and a critical role of NTSR3/sortilin on NET cell adhesion and migration suggesting that NTSR3/sortilin contributes to NET tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Tae Kim
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Dana L Napier
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Heidi L Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Eun Y Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
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PDGFR inhibition mediated intracellular signalling in C6 glioma growth and migration: role of ERK and ROCK pathway. Cytotechnology 2017; 70:465-477. [PMID: 29143227 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant PDGFR (Platelet derived growth factor receptor) signalling in brain tumors and gliomas is one of the primary cause of tumor progression. PDGFR stimulation by its ligand and the role of its downstream mediators such as extracellular regulated kinases (ERK1/2), PI3K and ROCK pathways have not been thoroughly investigated. The present study sought to investigate the role of PDGF receptor signalling inhibition on suppression of rat C6 glioma growth and migration. Treatment of C6 cells with PDGFR inhibitor, AG1295 caused a significant reduction in migration and proliferation by regulating the ERK and ROCK signalling. Subsequently, PDGFR blocking was demonstrated to regulate cytoskeleton reorganization by modulating the Actin-pMLC reorganization and pERK-FAK-Paxillin complex formation which may further regulate the C6 glioma migration. Further, other malignant behaviour of C6 glioma such as anchorage independent growth, adhesion, invasion and sphere forming abilities were found to be impaired by PDGFR blocking. PDGFR inhibition further regulates the C6 glioma tumor behaviour by inducing gene expression of GFAP, BDNF, and MECP2 and down regulating FAK expression. In conclusion, our data elucidate novel mechanisms involve in PDGFR inhibition mediated inhibition of C6 glioma growth and migration which can be a future potential target for the treatment of glioma.
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Chen J, Zhang T, Jiao S, Zhou X, Zhong J, Wang Y, Liu J, Deng J, Wang S, Xu Z. proBDNF Accelerates Brain Amyloid-β Deposition and Learning and Memory Impairment in APPswePS1dE9 Transgenic Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 59:941-949. [PMID: 28697556 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically known for the amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal loss in the brain. The precursor of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF) before proteolysis has opposing functions to its mature form in neuronal survival and neurite growth. However, the role of proBDNF in the pathogenesis of AD remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of proBDNF on neurons in vitro, and on learning and memory impairment and brain Aβ production in a transgenic AD mouse model (APPswePS1dE9). METHODS We here examined the effects of proBDNF on the viability (MTT assay) and neurite growth (morphologic measurement) of the primary neurons in vitro. After the intracerebroventricular injection of adeno-associated virus-proBDNF (AAV-proBDNF), we then investigated the learning and memory impairment (Morris water maze) and Aβ deposition in the brains of the AD mice. RESULTS The results showed that proBDNF could inhibit neuronal viability and neurite growth in vitro, enhance Aβ levels, and accelerate its deposition in the brain, which was consistent with the learning and memory impairment of AD mice, likely dependent on the membrane receptor of p75NTR. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that proBDNF may exert a crucially negative effect during AD pathogenesis andprogression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Department of Neurology, PLA 123 Hospital, Bengbu, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shusheng Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xinfu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jinhua Zhong
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yanjiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Juan Deng
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shuiping Wang
- Department of Neurology, PLA 123 Hospital, Bengbu, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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Boggild S, Molgaard S, Glerup S, Nyengaard JR. Spatiotemporal patterns of sortilin and SorCS2 localization during organ development. BMC Cell Biol 2016; 17:8. [PMID: 26964886 PMCID: PMC4785631 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-016-0085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sortilin and SorCS2 are part of the Vps10p receptor family. They have both been studied in nervous tissue with several important functions revealed, while their expression and possible functions in developing peripheral tissue remain poorly understood. Here we deliver a thorough characterization of the prenatal localization of sortilin and SorCS2 in mouse peripheral tissue. RESULTS Sortilin is highly expressed in epithelial tissues of the developing lung, nasal cavity, kidney, pancreas, salivary gland and developing intrahepatic bile ducts. Furthermore tissues such as the thyroid gland, developing cartilage and ossifying bone also show high expression of sortilin together with cell types such as megakaryocytes in the liver. SorCS2 is primarily expressed in mesodermally derived tissues such as striated muscle, adipose tissue, ossifying bone and general connective tissue throughout the body, as well as in lung epithelia. Furthermore, the adrenal gland and liver show high expression of SorCS2 in embryos 13.5 days old. CONCLUSIONS The possible functions relating to the expression patterns of Sortilin and SorCS2 in development are numerous and hopefully this paper will help to generate new hypotheses to further our understanding of the Vps10p receptor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Boggild
- MIND Centre, Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Aarhus University, 8000 C, Aarhus, Denmark. .,MIND Centre, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, 8000 C, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Simon Molgaard
- MIND Centre, Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Aarhus University, 8000 C, Aarhus, Denmark.,MIND Centre, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, 8000 C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Glerup
- MIND Centre, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, 8000 C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- MIND Centre, Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Aarhus University, 8000 C, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, 8000 C, Aarhus, Denmark
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Wilson CM, Naves T, Al Akhrass H, Vincent F, Melloni B, Bonnaud F, Lalloué F, Jauberteau MO. A new role under sortilin's belt in cancer. Commun Integr Biol 2016; 9:e1130192. [PMID: 27066187 PMCID: PMC4802778 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2015.1130192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotensin receptor-3 also known as sortilin was the first member of the small family of vacuolar protein sorting 10 protein domain (Vps10p) discovered two decades ago in the human brain. The expression of sortilin is not confined to the nervous system but sortilin is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues. Sortilin has multiple roles in the cell as a receptor or a co-receptor, in protein transport of many interacting partners to the plasma membrane, to the endocytic pathway and to the lysosomes for protein degradation. Sortilin could be considered as the cells own shuttle system. In many human diseases including neurological diseases and cancer, sortilin expression has been shown to be deregulated. In addition, some studies have highlighted that the extracellular domain of sortilin is shedded into the culture media by an unknown mechanism. Sortilin can be released in exosomes and appears to control some mechanisms of exosome biogenesis. In lung cancer cells, sortilin can associate with two receptor tyrosine kinase receptors called the TES complex found in exosomes. Exosomes carrying the TES complex can convey a microenvironment control through the activation of ErbB signaling pathways and the release of angiogenic factors. Deregulation of sortilin function is now emerging to be implicated in four major human diseases- cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia M Wilson
- EA3842 Homéostasie cellulaire et pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France; University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thomas Naves
- EA3842 Homéostasie cellulaire et pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges , Limoges, France
| | - Hussein Al Akhrass
- EA3842 Homéostasie cellulaire et pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges , Limoges, France
| | - François Vincent
- EA3842 Homéostasie cellulaire et pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France; Service de Pathologie Respiratoire, Center Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Boris Melloni
- Service de Pathologie Respiratoire, Center Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges , Limoges, France
| | - François Bonnaud
- Service de Pathologie Respiratoire, Center Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges , Limoges, France
| | - Fabrice Lalloué
- EA3842 Homéostasie cellulaire et pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges , Limoges, France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- EA3842 Homéostasie cellulaire et pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges , Limoges, France
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Chen J, Li CR, Yang H, Liu J, Zhang T, Jiao SS, Wang YJ, Xu ZQ. proBDNF Attenuates Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Induces Learning and Memory Deficits in Aged Mice. Neurotox Res 2015; 29:47-53. [PMID: 26459304 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9568-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor has shown promotive effect on neural cells in rodents, including neural proliferation, differentiation, survival, and synaptic formation. Conversely, the precursor of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF) has been emerging as a differing protein against its mature form, for its critical role in aging process and neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we investigated the role of proBDNF in neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of aged mice and examined the changes in mice learning and memory functions. The results showed that the newborn cells in the hippocampus revealed a significant decline in proBDNF-treated group compared with bovine serum albumin group, but an elevated level in anti-proBDNF group. During the maturation period, no significant change was observed in the proportions of phenotype of the newborn cells among the three groups. In water maze, proBDNF-treated mice had poorer scores in place navigation test and probe test, compared with those from any other group. Thus, we conclude that proBDNF attenuates neurogenesis in the hippocampus and induces the deficits in learning and memory functions of aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China.,Department of Neurology, PLA 123 Hospital, 1052 Yanshan Road, Yuhui District, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Cheng-Ren Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Xu
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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Xiong J, Zhou LI, Lim Y, Yang M, Zhu YH, Li ZW, Fu DL, Zhou XF. Mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor TrkB are upregulated in human glioma tissues. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:223-227. [PMID: 26171003 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are two forms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), precursor of BDNF (proBDNF) and mature BDNF, which each exert opposing effects through two different transmembrane receptor signaling systems, consisting of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB). Previous studies have demonstrated that proBDNF promotes cell death and inhibits the growth and migration of C6 glioma cells through p75NTR in vitro, while mature BDNF has opposite effects on C6 glioma cells. It is hypothesized that mature BDNF is essential in the development of malignancy in gliomas. However, histological data obtained in previous studies were unable distinguish mature BDNF from proBDNF due to the lack of specific antibodies. The present study investigated the expression of mature BDNF using a specific sheep monoclonal anti-mature BDNF antibody in 42 human glioma tissues of different grades and 10 control tissues. The correlation between mature BDNF and TrkB was analyzed. Mature BDNF expression was significantly increased in high-grade gliomas, and was positively correlated with the malignancy of the tumor and TrkB receptor expression. The present data have demonstrated that increased levels of mature BDNF contribute markedly to the development of malignancy of human gliomas through the primary BDNF receptor TrkB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - L I Zhou
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, P.R. China
| | - Yoon Lim
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Miao Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Yu-Hong Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Deng-Li Fu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia ; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
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Garofalo S, D'Alessandro G, Chece G, Brau F, Maggi L, Rosa A, Porzia A, Mainiero F, Esposito V, Lauro C, Benigni G, Bernardini G, Santoni A, Limatola C. Enriched environment reduces glioma growth through immune and non-immune mechanisms in mice. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6623. [PMID: 25818172 PMCID: PMC4389244 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice exposed to standard (SE) or enriched environment (EE) were transplanted with murine or human glioma cells and differences in tumour development were evaluated. We report that EE exposure affects: (i) tumour size, increasing mice survival; (ii) glioma establishment, proliferation and invasion; (iii) microglia/macrophage (M/Mφ) activation; (iv) natural killer (NK) cell infiltration and activation; and (v) cerebral levels of IL-15 and BDNF. Direct infusion of IL-15 or BDNF in the brain of mice transplanted with glioma significantly reduces tumour growth. We demonstrate that brain infusion of IL-15 increases the frequency of NK cell infiltrating the tumour and that NK cell depletion reduces the efficacy of EE and IL-15 on tumour size and of EE on mice survival. BDNF infusion reduces M/Mφ infiltration and CD68 immunoreactivity in tumour mass and reduces glioma migration inhibiting the small G protein RhoA through the truncated TrkB.T1 receptor. These results suggest alternative approaches for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Garofalo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina D'Alessandro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chece
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Frederic Brau
- Université Nice-Sophia Antipolis, IPMC CNRS-UMR, 7275 Valbonne, France
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Porzia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mainiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Esposito
- 1] IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy [2] Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Clotilde Lauro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Benigni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- 1] Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy [2] IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- 1] Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy [2] IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
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Wang TC, Luo SJ, Lin CL, Chang PJ, Chen MF. Modulation of p75 neurotrophin receptor under hypoxic conditions induces migration and invasion of C6 glioma cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 2014; 32:73-81. [PMID: 25527128 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-014-9692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) has been reported to play important roles in various cancer types. However, the exact mechanism of tumorigenesis involving p75NTR is unknown. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the expression of p75NTR in malignant glioma and the impact on tumor cell migration and invasion. p75NTR and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression was down-regulated by short-hairpin RNA and up-regulated with expression vectors. By immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis, we found that p75NTR was expressed in both human and rat malignant gliomas. Knockdown of p75NTR increased the expression of vimentin, vascular endothelial growth factor, Matrix metalloproteinase 9, and TWIST, and enhanced the invasion and migration abilities assessed by transwell assay in the C6 tumor cells. Inverse expressions of p75NTR and HIF-1α were detected in glioma cell lines under hypoxic conditions, while increased HIF-1α significantly downregulated the expression of p75NTR, suggesting a HIF-1α-p75NTR-EMT pathway that may regulate glioma cells invasion and migration. Downregulation of p75NTR increased phosphorylation of Src, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin. Knockdown of p75NTR also dysregulated β-catenin-mediated cell junctions, and up-regulated the expressions of fibronectin and L1CAM in the cell-cell junctions, thus suggesting that p75NTR knockdown contributed to a more aggressive migration phenotype via FAK signaling pathway. Our studies suggested that modulation of p75NTR under hypoxic condition could enhance C6 cells migration and invasion by induction of EMT, and activation of the FAK pathway. The HIF-1α-p75NTR-EMT axis may play a central role in glioma tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chung Wang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Massa F, Devader C, Lacas-Gervais S, Béraud-Dufour S, Coppola T, Mazella J. Impairement of HT29 Cancer Cells Cohesion by the Soluble Form of Neurotensin Receptor-3. Genes Cancer 2014; 5:240-249. [PMID: 25221642 PMCID: PMC4162136 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotensin (NT) receptor-3 (NTSR3), also called sortilin is a multifunctional protein localized at the intracellular and plasma membrane level. The extracellular domain of NTSR3 (sNTSR3) is released by shedding from several cell lines including colonic cancer cells. This soluble protein acts as an active ligand through its ability to bind, to be internalized in the human adenocarcinoma epithelial HT29 cells and to stimulate the PI3 kinase pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate cellular responses induced by sNTSR3 in HT29 cells. The cellular functions of sNTSR3 were monitored by immunofluocytochemistry, electron microscopy and quantitative PCR in order to characterize the cell shape and the expression of adhesion proteins. We evidenced that sNTSR3 significantly regulates the cellular morphology as well as the cell-cell and the cell-matrix adherens properties by decreasing the expession of several integrins and by modifying the structure of desmosomes. Altogether, these properties lead to an increase of cell detachment upon sNTSR3 treatment on HT29, HCT116 and SW620 cancer cells. Our results indicate that sNTSR3 may induce the first phase of a process which weaken HT29 epithelial properties including desmosome architecture, cell spreading, and initiation of cell separation, all events which could be responsible for cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Massa
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Christelle Devader
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Sandra Lacas-Gervais
- Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Sophie Béraud-Dufour
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Thierry Coppola
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Jean Mazella
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
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Lange RP, Everett A, Dulloor P, Korley FK, Bettegowda C, Blair C, Grossman SA, Holdhoff M. Evaluation of eight plasma proteins as candidate blood-based biomarkers for malignant gliomas. Cancer Invest 2014; 32:423-9. [PMID: 25019213 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2014.933237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Eight brain-derived proteins were evaluated regarding their potential for further development as a blood-based biomarker for malignant gliomas. Plasma levels for glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurogranin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, intracellular adhesion molecule 5, metallothionein-3, beta-synuclein, S100 and neuron specific enolase were tested in plasma of 23 patients with high-grade gliomas (WHO grade IV), 11 low-grade gliomas (WHO grade II), and 15 healthy subjects. Compared to the healthy controls, none of the proteins appeared to be specific for glioblastomas. However, the data are suggestive of higher protein levels in gliosarcomas (n = 2), which may deserve further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Lange
- The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Departments of1 Pediatrics2 Emergency Medicine3 Neurosurgery,4 and Oncology,5 Baltimore, MD, USA; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins , Baltimore, MD , USA 6
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Tomellini E, Lagadec C, Polakowska R, Le Bourhis X. Role of p75 neurotrophin receptor in stem cell biology: more than just a marker. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2467-81. [PMID: 24481864 PMCID: PMC11113797 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
p75(NTR), the common receptor for both neurotrophins and proneurotrophins, has been widely studied because of its role in many tissues, including the nervous system. More recently, a close relationship between p75(NTR) expression and pluripotency has been described. p75(NTR) was shown to be expressed in various types of stem cells and has been used to prospectively isolate stem cells with different degrees of potency. Here, we give an overview of the current knowledge on p75(NTR) in stem cells, ranging from embryonic to adult stem cells, and cancer stem cells. In an attempt to address its potential role in the control of stem cell biology, the molecular mechanisms underlying p75(NTR) signaling in different models are also highlighted. p75(NTR)-mediated functions include survival, apoptosis, migration, and differentiation, and depend on cell type, (pro)neurotrophin binding, interacting transmembrane co-receptors expression, intracellular adaptor molecule availability, and post-translational modifications, such as regulated proteolytic processing. It is therefore conceivable that p75(NTR) can modulate cell-fate decisions through its highly ramified signaling pathways. Thus, elucidating the potential implications of p75(NTR) activity as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms of p75(NTR) will shed new light on the biology of both normal and cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tomellini
- Université Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- Inserm U908, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- SIRIC ONCOLille, Lille, France
| | - Chann Lagadec
- Université Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- Inserm U908, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- SIRIC ONCOLille, Lille, France
| | - Renata Polakowska
- Inserm U837 Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), 59045 Lille, France
- SIRIC ONCOLille, Lille, France
| | - Xuefen Le Bourhis
- Université Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- Inserm U908, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- Inserm U908, Université Lille 1, Batiment SN3, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- SIRIC ONCOLille, Lille, France
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Forsyth PA, Krishna N, Lawn S, Valadez JG, Qu X, Fenstermacher DA, Fournier M, Potthast L, Chinnaiyan P, Gibney GT, Zeinieh M, Barker PA, Carter BD, Cooper MK, Kenchappa RS. p75 neurotrophin receptor cleavage by α- and γ-secretases is required for neurotrophin-mediated proliferation of brain tumor-initiating cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:8067-85. [PMID: 24519935 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.513762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are highly invasive, proliferative, and resistant to treatment. Previously, we have shown that p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is a novel mediator of invasion of human glioma cells. However, the role of p75NTR in glioma proliferation is unknown. Here we used brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs) and show that BTICs express neurotrophin receptors (p75NTR, TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC) and their ligands (NGF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin 3) and secrete NGF. Down-regulation of p75NTR significantly decreased proliferation of BTICs. Conversely, exogenouous NGF stimulated BTIC proliferation through α- and γ-secretase-mediated p75NTR cleavage and release of its intracellular domain (ICD). In contrast, overexpression of the p75NTR ICD induced proliferation. Interestingly, inhibition of Trk signaling blocked NGF-stimulated BTIC proliferation and p75NTR cleavage, indicating a role of Trk in p75NTR signaling. Further, blocking p75NTR cleavage attenuated Akt activation in BTICs, suggesting role of Akt in p75NTR-mediated proliferation. We also found that p75NTR, α-secretases, and the four subunits of the γ-secretase enzyme were elevated in glioblastoma multiformes patients. Importantly, the ICD of p75NTR was commonly found in malignant glioma patient specimens, suggesting that the receptor is activated and cleaved in patient tumors. These results suggest that p75NTR proteolysis is required for BTIC proliferation and is a novel potential clinical target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Forsyth
- From the Department of Neuro-Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute and
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Xiong J, Zhou L, Lim Y, Yang M, Zhu YH, Li ZW, Zhou FH, Xiao ZC, Zhou XF. Mature BDNF promotes the growth of glioma cells in vitro. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2719-24. [PMID: 24064679 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade glioma is incurable and is associated with a short survival time and a poor prognosis. There are two forms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), proBDNF and mature BDNF, which exert opposite effects. Their diverse actions are mediated through two different transmembrane receptor signalling systems: p75NTR and TrkB. The important roles of the BDNF/TrkB signalling system in tumour cell proliferation and survival have been demonstrated. However, few studies have been able to distinguish mature BDNF from proBDNF due to the limitation of specific antibodies. Using specific proBDNF antibodies, we demonstrated that the proBDNF/p75NTR pathway appears to inhibit malignant glioma cell growth and migration. In the present study using specific mature BDNF antibodies, we found that mature BDNF inhibited C6 glioma cell apoptosis and increased cell growth and migration in vitro. Our data suggest that the counterbalance between mature BDNF and proBDNF may regulate tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
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