1
|
Di Francesco V, Chua AJ, Huang D, D'Souza A, Yang A, Bleier BS, Amiji MM. RNA therapies for CNS diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115283. [PMID: 38494152 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are a diverse group of conditions that pose an increasing health burden worldwide. There is a general lack of effective therapies due to multiple reasons, of which a key obstacle is the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which limits drug delivery to the central nervous system, and generally restricts the pool of candidate drugs to small, lipophilic molecules. However, in many cases, these are unable to target key pathways in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. As a group, RNA therapies have shown tremendous promise in treating various conditions because they offer unique opportunities for specific targeting by leveraging Watson-Crick base pairing systems, opening up possibilities to modulate pathological mechanisms that previously could not be addressed by small molecules or antibody-protein interactions. This potential paradigm shift in disease management has been enabled by recent advances in synthesizing, purifying, and delivering RNA. This review explores the use of RNA-based therapies specifically for central nervous system disorders, where we highlight the inherent limitations of RNA therapy and present strategies to augment the effectiveness of RNA therapeutics, including physical, chemical, and biological methods. We then describe translational challenges to the widespread use of RNA therapies and close with a consideration of future prospects in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Di Francesco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 140 The Fenway Building, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andy J Chua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 140 The Fenway Building, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, 110 Sengkang E Way, 544886, Singapore
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 140 The Fenway Building, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anisha D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 140 The Fenway Building, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alicia Yang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Benjamin S Bleier
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 140 The Fenway Building, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 140 The Fenway Building, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nikolova E, Laleva L, Milev M, Spiriev T, Stoyanov S, Ferdinandov D, Mitev V, Todorova A. miRNAs and related genetic biomarkers according to the WHO glioma classification: From diagnosis to future therapeutic targets. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:141-152. [PMID: 38035044 PMCID: PMC10686814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 2021 WHO classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, additional molecular characteristics have been included, defining the following adult-type diffuse glioma entities: Astrocytoma IDH-mutant, Oligodendroglioma IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted, and Glioblastoma IDH-wildtype. Despite advances in genetic analysis, precision oncology, and targeted therapy, malignant adult-type diffuse gliomas remain "hard-to-treat tumors", indicating an urgent need for better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In the last decades, miRNA analysis has been a hotspot for researching and developing diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for various disorders, including brain cancer. Scientific interest has recently been directed towards therapeutic applications of miRNAs, with encouraging results. Databases such as NCBI, PubMed, and Medline were searched for a selection of articles reporting the relationship between deregulated miRNAs and genetic aberrations used in the latest WHO CNS classification. The current review discussed the recommended molecular biomarkers and genetic aberrations based on the 2021 WHO classification in adult-type diffuse gliomas, along with associated deregulated miRNAs. Additionally, the study highlights miRNA-based treatment advancements in adults with gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliya Nikolova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
- Independent Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory Genome Center Bulgaria, Sofia, 1612, Bulgaria
| | - Lili Laleva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Milko Milev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Toma Spiriev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Stoycho Stoyanov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Dilyan Ferdinandov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Vanyo Mitev
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Todorova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
- Independent Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory Genome Center Bulgaria, Sofia, 1612, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gareev I, Beylerli O, Tamrazov R, Ilyasova T, Shumadalova A, Du W, Yang B. Methods of miRNA delivery and possibilities of their application in neuro-oncology. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:661-674. [PMID: 37860265 PMCID: PMC10582311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current phase of medical progress, practical neuro-oncology faces critical challenges. These include the quest for and development of innovative methodological approaches, as well as the enhancement of conventional therapies to boost their efficacy in treating brain tumors, especially the malignant varieties. Recent strides in molecular and cellular biology, molecular genetics, and immunology have charted the primary research pathways in the development of new anti-cancer medications, with a particular focus on microRNA (miRNA)-based therapy. MiRNAs possess the ability to function as suppressors of tumor growth while also having the potential to act as oncogenes. MiRNAs wield control over numerous processes within the human body, encompassing tumor growth, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and immune responses. A significant impediment to enhancing the efficacy of brain tumor treatment lies in the unresolved challenge of traversing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-tumor barrier (BTB) to deliver therapeutic agents directly to the tumor tissue. Presently, there is a worldwide effort to conduct intricate research and design endeavors aimed at creating miRNA-based dosage forms and delivery systems that can effectively target various structures within the central nervous system (CNS). MiRNA-based therapy stands out as one of the most promising domains in neuro-oncology. Hence, the development of efficient and safe methods for delivering miRNA agents to the specific target cells within brain tumors is of paramount importance. In this study, we will delve into recent findings regarding various methods for delivering miRNA agents to brain tumor cells. We will explore the advantages and disadvantages of different delivery systems and consider some clinical aspects of miRNA-based therapy for brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilgiz Gareev
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, 150067, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Ozal Beylerli
- Central Research Laboratory, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 3 Lenin street, 450008, Russia
| | - Rasim Tamrazov
- Department of Oncology, Radiology and Radiotherapy, Tyumen State Medical University, 54 Odesskaya Street, 625023, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ilyasova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 3 Lenin street, 450008, Russia
| | - Alina Shumadalova
- Department of General Chemistry, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 3 Lenin street, 450008, Russia
| | - Weijie Du
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, 150067, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, 150067, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wong B, Birtch R, Rezaei R, Jamieson T, Crupi MJF, Diallo JS, Ilkow CS. Optimal delivery of RNA interference by viral vectors for cancer therapy. Mol Ther 2023; 31:3127-3145. [PMID: 37735876 PMCID: PMC10638062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a surge in the innovative modification and application of the viral vector-based gene therapy field. Significant and consistent improvements in the engineering, delivery, and safety of viral vectors have set the stage for their application as RNA interference (RNAi) delivery tools. Viral vector-based delivery of RNAi has made remarkable breakthroughs in the treatment of several debilitating diseases and disorders (e.g., neurological diseases); however, their novelty has yet to be fully applied and utilized for the treatment of cancer. This review highlights the most promising and emerging viral vector delivery tools for RNAi therapeutics while discussing the variables limiting their success and suitability for cancer therapy. Specifically, we outline different integrating and non-integrating viral platforms used for gene delivery, currently employed RNAi targets for anti-cancer effect, and various strategies used to optimize the safety and efficacy of these RNAi therapeutics. Most importantly, we provide great insight into what challenges exist in their application as cancer therapeutics and how these challenges can be effectively navigated to advance the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Wong
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Rayanna Birtch
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Reza Rezaei
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Taylor Jamieson
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mathieu J F Crupi
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Carolina S Ilkow
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rajabi A, Kayedi M, Rahimi S, Dashti F, Mirazimi SMA, Homayoonfal M, Mahdian SMA, Hamblin MR, Tamtaji OR, Afrasiabi A, Jafari A, Mirzaei H. Non-coding RNAs and glioma: Focus on cancer stem cells. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 27:100-123. [PMID: 36321132 PMCID: PMC9593299 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma and gliomas can have a wide range of histopathologic subtypes. These heterogeneous histologic phenotypes originate from tumor cells with the distinct functions of tumorigenesis and self-renewal, called glioma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs are characterized based on multi-layered epigenetic mechanisms, which control the expression of many genes. This epigenetic regulatory mechanism is often based on functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs have become increasingly important in the pathogenesis of human cancer and work as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate carcinogenesis and progression. These RNAs by being involved in chromatin remodeling and modification, transcriptional regulation, and alternative splicing of pre-mRNA, as well as mRNA stability and protein translation, play a key role in tumor development and progression. Numerous studies have been performed to try to understand the dysregulation pattern of these ncRNAs in tumors and cancer stem cells (CSCs), which show robust differentiation and self-regeneration capacity. This review provides recent findings on the role of ncRNAs in glioma development and progression, particularly their effects on CSCs, thus accelerating the clinical implementation of ncRNAs as promising tumor biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rajabi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Kayedi
- Department of Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shiva Rahimi
- School of Medicine,Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mina Homayoonfal
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Amin Mahdian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Afrasiabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lei Q, Yang Y, Zhou W, Liu W, Li Y, Qi N, Li Q, Wen Z, Ding L, Huang X, Li Y, Wu J. MicroRNA-based therapy for glioblastoma: Opportunities and challenges. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175388. [PMID: 36403686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor and is characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates and unpredictable clinical behavior. The disappointing prognosis for patients with GBM even after surgery and postoperative radiation and chemotherapy has fueled the search for specific targets to provide new insights into the development of modern therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) act as oncomirs and tumor suppressors to posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of various genes and silence many target genes involved in cell proliferation, the cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion, stem cell behavior, angiogenesis, the microenvironment and chemo- and radiotherapy resistance, which makes them attractive candidates as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets or agents to advance GBM therapeutics. However, one of the major challenges of successful miRNA-based therapy is the need for an effective and safe system to deliver therapeutic compounds to specific tumor cells or tissues in vivo, particularly systems that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This challenge has shifted gradually as progress has been achieved in identifying novel tumor-related miRNAs and their targets, as well as the development of nanoparticles (NPs) as new carriers to deliver therapeutic compounds. Here, we provide an up-to-date summary (in recent 5 years) of the current knowledge of GBM-related oncomirs, tumor suppressors and microenvironmental miRNAs, with a focus on their potential applications as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, as well as recent advances in the development of carriers for nontoxic miRNA-based therapy delivery systems and how they can be adapted for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pu'er People's Hospital, Pu'er, 665000, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Yongmin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Wenhui Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, PR China; School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Yixin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Nanchang Qi
- Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Qiangfeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pu'er People's Hospital, Pu'er, 665000, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Zhonghui Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pu'er People's Hospital, Pu'er, 665000, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Lei Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Yu Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, PR China.
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pu'er People's Hospital, Pu'er, 665000, Yunnan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Geng F, Yang F, Liu F, Zhao J, Zhang R, Hu S, Zhang J, Zhang X. A miR-137-XIAP axis contributes to the sensitivity of TRAIL-induced cell death in glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:870034. [PMID: 35965517 PMCID: PMC9366219 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.870034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor in the central nervous system with limited therapeutic strategies to prolong the survival rate in clinic. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-based strategy has been demonstrated to induce cell death in an extensive spectrum of tumor cells, including GBM, while a considerable proportion of malignant cells are resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. MiR-137 is highly expressed in the brain, but significantly decreases with advanced progression of GBM. However, the functional link between miR-137 and TRAIL-induced apoptosis in GBM cells has not been established. Here, GBM cells were transfected with miR-137, and gene expression levels were examined by qRT-PCR and western blot. Apoptotic cells were measured by Annexin-V staining and TUNEL assay. Our data showed that miR-137 sensitizes GBM cells to the TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Mechanistically, we identified that XIAP is a bona fide target of miR-137, which is essential for miR-137-regulated sensitivity of TRAIL-induced cell death in GBM cells. Finally, in a xenograft model, combined utilization of miR-137 and TRAIL potently suppresses tumor growth in vivo. Collectively, we demonstrate that a miR-137-XIAP axis is required for the sensitivity of TRAIL-induced cell death and shed a light on the avenue for the treatment of GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenghao Geng
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fen Yang
- Department of Neurology, Air Force Medical Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianhui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shijie Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Zhang, ; Jie Zhang, ; Shijie Hu,
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Zhang, ; Jie Zhang, ; Shijie Hu,
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Research Office of the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Sanya, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Zhang, ; Jie Zhang, ; Shijie Hu,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Overexpression of long non-coding RNA ACTA2-AS1 inhibits the viability, proliferation, migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
9
|
Zhang N, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Guan F. MicroRNA-148a Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Growth via Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways by Targeting Death Receptor-5. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:2731-2746. [PMID: 35267120 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of microRNA-148a (miR-148a) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis and explore its potential mechanism in HCC cells. Expression levels of miR-148a were measured using qRT-PCR in 120 HCC tissue samples and two HCC cell lines. Migration and invasion assays were used to determine the role of miR-148a in HCC cells. Flow cytometry was used to access the effect of miR-148a on cell cycle of HCC cells. Western blot was performed to analyze the effect of miR-148a on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in HCC cells. Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to explore the downstream targets and biological function of miR-148a in HCC cells. The results showed that level of miR-148a was significantly downregulated in both HCC tissue and plasma samples in HCC patients. A higher level of miR-148a was positively correlated with better survival time and prognosis of HCC patients. Transfection of miR-148a inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cell lines. Transfection of miR-148a arrested HCC cells at S phase and promoted apoptosis of HCC cells. Death receptor-5 (DR-5) was identified as a direct target of miR-148a in HCC cell lines. Western blot and qRT-PCR analyses showed that miR-148a upregulated EMT and downregulated PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in HCC cell lines. In conclusion, data in the current study indicate that miR-148a inhibits HCC cells growth via downregulation of EMT and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways by targeting death receptor. These data suggest that miR-148a may serve as a therapeutic target for HCC cancer therapy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naipeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, No.5, Tongxiang Road, Aimin District, Heilongjiang Province, 157000, Mudanjiang City, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, No.5, Tongxiang Road, Aimin District, Heilongjiang Province, 157000, Mudanjiang City, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Hongqi Hospital affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, 157000, Mudanjiang City, China
| | - Fulong Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, No.5, Tongxiang Road, Aimin District, Heilongjiang Province, 157000, Mudanjiang City, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Diagnostic, grading and prognostic role of a restricted miRNAs signature in primary and metastatic brain tumours. Discussion on their therapeutic perspectives. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:357-371. [PMID: 35064290 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
At present, brain tumours remain one of the "hard-to-treat" malignancies with minimal improvement in patients' survival. Recently, miRNAs have been shown to correlate with oncogenesis and metastasis and have been investigated as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy prediction in different brain malignancies. The aim of the current study was to select an accurate and affordable brain tumour detection and grading approach. In the present study, we analysed the applicability of a restricted miRNA signature that could differentiate among patients with primary as well as metastatic brain tumours. Fresh tumour tissues were collected from Bulgarian patients (n = 38), including high-grade gliomas (n = 23), low-grade gliomas (n = 10) and brain metastases (n = 5) from lung cancer. Total RNAs enriched with microRNAs were isolated and differentially expressed miRNAs were analyzed by RT-qPCR using TaqMan Advanced miRNA assay. We selected a signature of miR-21, miR-10b, miR-7, miR-491 that showed good diagnostic potential in high-grade gliomas, low-grade gliomas and brain metastases compared with normal brain tissues. Our results showed that miR-10b could reliably differentiate brain metastases from high-grade gliomas, while miR-491 could distinguish low-grade from high-grade gliomas and brain metastases from low-grade gliomas. We observed that miR-21 and miR-7 correlated with disease recurrence, survival status and the Karnofsky Performance Status. The selected signature of miR-7, miR-21, miR-10b and miR-491 could be used as a highly accurate diagnostic, grading and prognostic biomarker in differentiating various types of brain tumours. Our data suggest that the 4-miRNAs signature could be further analysed for predicting treatment response and for future miRs-based targeted therapy. The ongoing studies on miRs-based targeted therapy related to our selected miRNA signature are also reviewed.
Collapse
|
11
|
Fu T, Yang Y, Mu Z, Sun R, Li X, Dong J. Silencing lncRNA LINC01410 suppresses cell viability yet promotes apoptosis and sensitivity to temozolomide in glioblastoma cells by inactivating PTEN/AKT pathway via targeting miR-370-3p. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:680-692. [PMID: 34435542 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1966031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are involved in glioblastoma (GBM), but the role of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 01410 (lncRNA LINC01410) is poorly understood. METHODS The expression of LINC01410 in GBM tissues and cells was analyzed. After transfection or temozolomide (TMZ) treatment, the cell viability and apoptosis were detected using cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry. The targeting relationship between LINC01410 and microRNA (miR)-370-3p was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Expressions of LINC01410, miR-370-3p and drug resistance- and Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN)/AKT pathway-related factors were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. RESULTS LINC01410 expression was upregulated in GBM, and silencing of LINC01410 decreased cell viability. A slowed decreased trend in cell viability yet an increased half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 for TMZ) value and increased expressions of drug resistance-related factors as well as LINC01410 were found in TMZ-resistant GBM cells. Silencing of LINC01410 also decreased the IC50 value yet promoted the sensitivity and apoptosis in TMZ-resistant cells, while upregulating the expression of PTEN and downregulating the phosphorylation of AKT. MiR-370-3p could competitively bind to LINC01410 and its expression was decreased in both parental and TMZ-resistant GBM cells. Downregulation of miR-370-3p reversed the effects of LINC01410 silencing on cell viability, apoptosis and the expressions of miR-370-3p and PTEN/AKT pathway-related factors. CONCLUSION Silencing of LINC01410 inhibits cell viability yet enhances apoptosis and sensitivity to TMZ in GBM cells by inactivating PTEN/AKT pathway via targeting miR-370-3p.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingkai Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao City, China
| | - Yunxue Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao City, China
| | - Zhenxin Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao City, China
| | - Rongwei Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao City, China
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao City, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bao X, Peng Y, Shen J, Yang L. Sevoflurane inhibits progression of glioma via regulating the HMMR antisense RNA 1/microRNA-7/cyclin dependent kinase 4 axis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7893-7906. [PMID: 34719318 PMCID: PMC8806593 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1976712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane (Sev) is a volatile anesthetic that can inhibit tumor malignancy. Glioma is a main brain problem, but the mechanism of Sev in glioma progression is largely unclear. This study aims to explore a potential regulatory network of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)/microRNA (miRNA)/mRNA associated with the function of Sev in glioma progression. LncRNA HMMR antisense RNA 1 (HMMR-AS1), miR-7 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) abundances were examined via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Cell viability, invasion, and colony formation ability were analyzed via cell counting kit-8, transwell analysis, and colony formation. The target association was analyzed via dual-luciferase reporter analysis and RNA pull-down. The in vivo function of Sev was investigated by xenograft model. HMMR-AS1 abundance was increased in glioma tissues and cells, and reduced via Sev. Sev constrained cell viability, invasion, and colony formation ability via decreasing HMMR-AS1 in glioma cells. miR-7 expression was decreased in glioma, and was targeted via HMMR-AS1. HMMR-AS1 silence restrained cell viability, invasion, and colony formation ability by up-regulating miR-7 in glioma cells. Sev increases miR-7 abundance via decreasing HMMR-AS1. CDK4 was targeted via miR-7, and highly expressed in glioma. miR-7 overexpression inhibited cell viability, invasion, and colony formation ability via reducing CDK4 in glioma cells. CDK4 expression was reduced by Sev via HMMR-AS1/miR-7 axis. Sev suppressed cell growth in glioma by regulating HMMR-AS1. Sev represses glioma cell progression by regulating HMMR-AS1/miR-7/CDK4 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi’an Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Nanchang Hospital of SUN YAT-SEN University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yibo Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Yangxin County, Huangshi, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, China
| | - Longqiu Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, China
- Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arghiani N, Shah K. Modulating microRNAs in cancer: Next-generation therapies. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0294. [PMID: 34846108 PMCID: PMC8958885 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenously expressed non-coding regulators of the genome with an ability to mediate a variety of biological and pathological processes. There is growing evidence demonstrating frequent dysregulation of microRNAs in cancer cells, which is associated with tumor initiation, development, migration, invasion, resisting cell death, and drug resistance. Studies have shown that modulation of these small RNAs is a novel and promising therapeutic tool in the treatment of a variety of diseases, especially cancer, due to their broad influence on multiple cellular processes. However, suboptimal delivery of the appropriate miRNA to the cancer sites, quick degradation by nucleases in the blood circulation, and off target effects have limited their research and clinical applications. Therefore, there is a pressing need to improve the therapeutic efficacy of miRNA modulators, while at the same time reducing their toxicities. Several delivery vehicles for miRNA modulators have been shown to be effective in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we will discuss the role and importance of miRNAs in cancer and provide perspectives on currently available carriers for miRNA modulation. We will also summarize the challenges and prospects for the clinical translation of miRNA-based therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Arghiani
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy (CSTI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy (CSTI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vaughan HJ, Zamboni CG, Radant NP, Bhardwaj P, Revai Lechtich E, Hassan LF, Shah K, Green JJ. Poly(beta-amino ester) nanoparticles enable tumor-specific TRAIL secretion and a bystander effect to treat liver cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 21:377-388. [PMID: 34189258 PMCID: PMC8208964 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite initial promise, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-based approaches to cancer treatment have yet to yield a clinically approved therapy, due to delivery challenges, a lack of potency, and drug resistance. To address these challenges, we have developed poly(beta-amino ester) (PBAE) nanoparticles (NPs), as well as an engineered cDNA sequence encoding a secretable TRAIL (sTRAIL) protein, to enable reprogramming of liver cancer cells to locally secrete TRAIL protein. We show that sTRAIL initiates apoptosis in transfected cells and has a bystander effect to non-transfected cells. To address TRAIL resistance, NP treatment is combined with histone deacetylase inhibitors, resulting in >80% TRAIL-mediated cell death in target cancer cells and significantly slowed xenograft tumor growth. This anti-cancer effect is specific to liver cancer cells, with up to 40-fold higher cell death in HepG2 cancer cells over human hepatocytes. By combining cancer-specific TRAIL NPs with small-molecule-sensitizing drugs, this strategy addresses multiple challenges associated with TRAIL therapy and offers a new potential approach for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Camila G. Zamboni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Nicholas P. Radant
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Pranshu Bhardwaj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Esther Revai Lechtich
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laboni F. Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jordan J. Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Oncology, Neurosurgery, Materials Science & Engineering, and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, and the Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kang T, Ni JS, Li T, Wang J, Li Z, Li Y, Zha M, Zhang C, Wu X, Guo H, Xi L, Li K. Efficient and precise delivery of microRNA by photoacoustic force generated from semiconducting polymer-based nanocarriers. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120907. [PMID: 34090050 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
One major challenge in miRNA-based therapy is to explore facile delivery strategies, which can facilitate the efficient and precise accumulation of intrinsically instable microRNAs (miRNAs) at targeted tumor sites. To address this critical issue, for the first time we demonstrate that a near-infrared (NIR) pulse laser can guide efficient delivery of miRNAs mediated by a NIR-absorbing and photoacoustic active semiconducting polymer (SP) nanocarrier, which can generate photoacoustic radiation force to intravascularly overcome the endothelial barriers. Importantly, we demonstrate an ultrafast delivery of miRNA (miR-7) to tumor tissues under the irradiation of pulse laser in 20 min, showing a 5-fold boosted efficiency in comparison to the traditional passive targeting strategy. The delivered miR-7 acts as a sensitizer of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and synergizes with TRAIL-inducing compound (TIC), leading to sustained TRAIL upregulation for effective tumor suppression in mice. As such, our results indicate that the NIR-absorbing semiconducting polymer-mediated nanocarrier platform can significantly enhance the targeted delivery efficiency of therapeutic miRNAs to tumors, resulting in potent tumor growth inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Kang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jen-Shyang Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zeshun Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yaxi Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Menglei Zha
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Heng Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lei Xi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kai Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Deng L, Zhai X, Liang P, Cui H. Overcoming TRAIL Resistance for Glioblastoma Treatment. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040572. [PMID: 33919846 PMCID: PMC8070820 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) shows a promising therapeutic potential in cancer treatment as it exclusively causes apoptosis in a broad spectrum of cancer cells through triggering the extrinsic apoptosis pathway via binding to cognate death receptors, with negligible toxicity in normal cells. However, most cancers, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), display TRAIL resistance, hindering its application in clinical practice. Recent studies have unraveled novel mechanisms in regulating TRAIL-induced apoptosis in GBM and sought effective combinatorial modalities to sensitize GBM to TRAIL treatment, establishing pre-clinical foundations and the reasonable expectation that the TRAIL/TRAIL death receptor axis could be harnessed to treat GBM. In this review, we will revisit the status quo of the mechanisms of TRAIL resistance and emerging strategies for sensitizing GBM to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and also discuss opportunities of TRAIL-based combinatorial therapies in future clinical use for GBM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Deng
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
| | - Xuan Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China;
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China;
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (H.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu X, Chen W, Zhu W, Chen J, Ma B, Ding J, Wang Z, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang X. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy for glioblastoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:76. [PMID: 33499886 PMCID: PMC7836184 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant Grade IV primary craniocerebral tumor caused by glial cell carcinogenesis with an extremely poor median survival of 12–18 months. The current standard treatments for GBM, including surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, fail to substantially prolong survival outcomes. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy has recently attracted considerable interest because of its relatively low cytotoxicity, poor immunogenicity, broad tissue tropism, and long-term stable transgene expression. Furthermore, a range of gene therapy trials using AAV as vehicles are being investigated to thwart deadly GBM in mice models. At present, AAV is delivered to the brain by local injection, intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection, or systematic injection to treat experimental GBM mice model. In this review, we summarized the experimental trials of AAV-based gene therapy as GBM treatment and compared the advantages and disadvantages of different AAV injection approaches. We systematically introduced the prospect of the systematic injection of AAV as an approach for AAV-based gene therapy for GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenli Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumor Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222006, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxia Ding
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zaichuan Wang
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225600, China
| | - Yifei Li
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225600, China
| | - Yeming Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225600, China. .,Department of Oncology, Yangzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Yangzhou, 225600, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Diana A, Gaido G, Maxia C, Murtas D. MicroRNAs at the Crossroad of the Dichotomic Pathway Cell Death vs. Stemness in Neural Somatic and Cancer Stem Cells: Implications and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9630. [PMID: 33348804 PMCID: PMC7766058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stemness and apoptosis may highlight the dichotomy between regeneration and demise in the complex pathway proceeding from ontogenesis to the end of life. In the last few years, the concept has emerged that the same microRNAs (miRNAs) can be concurrently implicated in both apoptosis-related mechanisms and cell differentiation. Whether the differentiation process gives rise to the architecture of brain areas, any long-lasting perturbation of miRNA expression can be related to the occurrence of neurodevelopmental/neuropathological conditions. Moreover, as a consequence of neural stem cell (NSC) transformation to cancer stem cells (CSCs), the fine modulation of distinct miRNAs becomes necessary. This event implies controlling the expression of pro/anti-apoptotic target genes, which is crucial for the management of neural/neural crest-derived CSCs in brain tumors, neuroblastoma, and melanoma. From a translational point of view, the current progress on the emerging miRNA-based neuropathology therapeutic applications and antitumor strategies will be disclosed and their advantages and shortcomings discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Diana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Maxia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Daniela Murtas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Conniot J, Talebian S, Simões S, Ferreira L, Conde J. Revisiting gene delivery to the brain: silencing and editing. Biomater Sci 2020; 9:1065-1087. [PMID: 33315025 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01278e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, ischemic brain diseases, and brain tumors are debilitating diseases that severely impact a person's life and could possibly lead to their demise if left untreated. Many of these diseases do not respond to small molecule therapeutics and have no effective long-term therapy. Gene therapy offers the promise of treatment or even a cure for both genetic and acquired brain diseases, mediated by either silencing or editing disease-specific genes. Indeed, in the last 5 years, significant progress has been made in the delivery of non-coding RNAs as well as gene-editing formulations to the brain. Unfortunately, the delivery is a major limiting factor for the success of gene therapies. Both viral and non-viral vectors have been used to deliver genetic information into a target cell, but they have limitations. Viral vectors provide excellent transduction efficiency but are associated with toxic effects and have limited packaging capacity; however, non-viral vectors are less toxic and show a high packaging capacity at the price of low transfection efficiency. Herein, we review the progress made in the field of brain gene therapy, particularly in the design of non-toxic and trackable non-viral vectors, capable of controlled release of genes in response to internal/external triggers, and in the delivery of formulations for gene editing. The application of these systems in the context of various brain diseases in pre-clinical and clinical tests will be discussed. Such promising approaches could potentially pave the way for clinical realization of brain gene therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Conniot
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Thomas L, Florio T, Perez-Castro C. Extracellular Vesicles Loaded miRNAs as Potential Modulators Shared Between Glioblastoma, and Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:590034. [PMID: 33328891 PMCID: PMC7671965 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.590034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest brain tumor. Its poor prognosis is due to cell heterogeneity, invasiveness, and high vascularization that impede an efficient therapeutic approach. In the past few years, several molecular links connecting GBM to neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) were identified at preclinical and clinical level. In particular, giving the increasing critical role that epigenetic alterations play in both GBM and NDDs, we deeply analyzed the role of miRNAs, small non-coding RNAs acting epigenetic modulators in several key biological processes. Specific miRNAs, transported by extracellular vesicles (EVs), act as intercellular communication signals in both diseases. In this way, miRNA-loaded EVs modulate GBM tumorigenesis, as they spread oncogenic signaling within brain parenchyma, and control the aggregation of neurotoxic protein (Tau, Aβ-amyloid peptide, and α-synuclein) in NDDs. In this review, we highlight the most promising miRNAs linking GBM and NDDs playing a significant pathogenic role in both diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Thomas
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas – Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tullio Florio
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Carolina Perez-Castro
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas – Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen H, Guo M, Yue D, Zhao J, Zhou Y, Chen C, Liang G, Xu L. MicroRNA-7 negatively regulates Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway through FAM177A. Immunology 2020; 162:44-57. [PMID: 32852789 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signalling is critical for innate immunoinflammatory response and widely triggers the development of various types of clinical diseases. MicroRNA-7 (miR-7) is well documented to play an important regulatory role in various biological events. However, the exact role of miR-7 in TLR4 signalling pathway remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, we found that miR-7 expression in TLR4 signalling-activated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) stimulated by LPS was dramatically increased. Importantly, miR-7 deficiency significantly enhanced the production of related inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12, as well as TNF-α, on LPS-activated BMDMs, accompanied by elevated transduction of TLR4 signalling including Myd88-dependent and Myd88-independent pathways, whereas miR-7 overexpression significantly decreased the transduction of TLR4 signalling and the production of related inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, we identified family with sequence similarity 177, member A (FAM177A) as a novel target molecule of miR-7. Furthermore, down-regulation of FAM177A using RNAi could impair the transduction of TLR4 signalling. Finally, down-regulation of FAM177A also reversed the effect of miR-7 deficiency on TLR4 signalling transduction and production of related inflammatory cytokines on BMDMs. Therefore, we provide the new evidence that miR-7 acts as a novel negative fine-tuner in regulating TLR4 signalling pathways by targeting FAM177A, which might throw light on the basal understanding on the regulatory mechanism of TLR4 signalling and benefit the development of therapeutic strategies against related clinical diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huizi Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China.,Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China.,Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dongxu Yue
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China.,Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China.,Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China.,Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Guiyou Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China.,Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rezaei O, Honarmand K, Nateghinia S, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. miRNA signature in glioblastoma: Potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 117:104550. [PMID: 33010295 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are transcripts with sizes of about 22 nucleotides, which are produced through a multistep process in the nucleus and cytoplasm. These transcripts modulate the expression of their target genes through binding with certain target regions, particularly 3' suntranslated regions. They are involved in the pathogenesis of several kinds of cancers, such as glioblastoma. Several miRNAs, including miR-10b, miR-21, miR-17-92-cluster, and miR-93, have been up-regulated in glioblastoma cell lines and clinical samples. On the other hand, expression of miR-7, miR-29b, miR-32, miR-34, miR-181 family members, and a number of other miRNAs have been decreased in this type of cancer. In the current review, we explain the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma through providing a summary of studies that reported dysregulation of these epigenetic effectors in this kind of brain cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omidvar Rezaei
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kasra Honarmand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Nateghinia
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hacker UT, Bentler M, Kaniowska D, Morgan M, Büning H. Towards Clinical Implementation of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors for Cancer Gene Therapy: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1889. [PMID: 32674264 PMCID: PMC7409174 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have gained tremendous attention as in vivo delivery systems in gene therapy for inherited monogenetic diseases. First market approvals, excellent safety data, availability of large-scale production protocols, and the possibility to tailor the vector towards optimized and cell-type specific gene transfer offers to move from (ultra) rare to common diseases. Cancer, a major health burden for which novel therapeutic options are urgently needed, represents such a target. We here provide an up-to-date overview of the strategies which are currently developed for the use of AAV vectors in cancer gene therapy and discuss the perspectives for the future translation of these pre-clinical approaches into the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich T. Hacker
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology, and Infectious Diseases, University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Martin Bentler
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Dorota Kaniowska
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology, and Infectious Diseases, University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.B.); (M.M.)
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hildegard Büning
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.B.); (M.M.)
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
MicroRNA-7 Inhibits Rotavirus Replication by Targeting Viral NSP5 In Vivo and In Vitro. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020209. [PMID: 32069901 PMCID: PMC7077326 DOI: 10.3390/v12020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) is the major causes of severe diarrhea in infants and young children under five years of age. There are no effective drugs for the treatment of rotavirus in addition to preventive live attenuated vaccine. Recent evidence demonstrates that microRNAs (miRNAs) can affect RNA virus replication. However, the antiviral effect of miRNAs during rotavirus replication are largely unknown. Here, we determined that miR-7 is upregulated during RV replication and that it targets the RV NSP5 (Nonstructural protein 5). Results suggested that miR-7 affected viroplasm formation and inhibited RV replication by down-regulating RV NSP5 expression. Up-regulation of miR-7 expression is a common regulation method of different G-type RV-infected host cells. Then, we further revealed the antiviral effect of miR-7 in diarrhea suckling mice model. MiR-7 is able to inhibit rotavirus replication in vitro and in vivo. These data provide that understanding the role of cellular miR-7 during rotaviral replication may help in the identification of novel therapeutic small RNA molecule drug for anti-rotavirus.
Collapse
|
25
|
Bhere D, Arghiani N, Lechtich ER, Yao Y, Alsaab S, Bei F, Matin MM, Shah K. Simultaneous downregulation of miR-21 and upregulation of miR-7 has anti-tumor efficacy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1779. [PMID: 32019988 PMCID: PMC7000780 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58072-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of miRNA expression has been implicated in cancer. Numerous strategies have been explored to modulate miR but sub-optimal delivery and inability to concurrently target multiple pathways involved in tumor progression have limited their efficacy. In this study, we explored the potential co-modulation of upregulated miR-21 and downregulated miR-7 to enhance therapeutic outcomes in heterogenic tumor types. We first engineered lentiviral (LV) and adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors that preferentially express anti-sense miR against miR-21(miRzip-21) and show that modulating miR-21 via miRzip extensively targets tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro in a broad spectrum of cancer types and has therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Next, we show a significantly increased expression of caspase-mediated apoptosis by simultaneously downregulating miR-21 and upregulating miR-7 in different tumor cells. In vivo co-treatment with AAV-miRzip-21 and AAV-miR-7 in mice bearing malignant brain tumors resulted in significantly decreased tumor burden with a corresponding increase in survival. To our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates the therapeutic efficacy of simultaneously upregulating miR-7 and downregulating miR-21 and establishes a roadmap towards clinical translation of modulating miRs for various cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Bhere
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nahid Arghiani
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Esther Revai Lechtich
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yizheng Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Alsaab
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Joint Center of Excellence in Biomedicine, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fengfeng Bei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Umansky S. Aging and aging-associated diseases: a microRNA-based endocrine regulation hypothesis. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:2557-2569. [PMID: 30375982 PMCID: PMC6224249 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although there are numerous hypotheses explaining the nature of aging and associated processes, two concepts are dominant: (i) aging is a result of cell-autonomous processes, such as the accumulation of DNA mutations, aberrant methylations, protein defects, and shortening of telomeres, leading to either inhibition of cellular proliferation and death of non-dividing terminally differentiated cells or tumor development; (ii) aging is a result of a central program that is switched on at a specific stage of organismic development. The microRNA-based endocrine regulation hypothesis combines the two above concepts by proposing central regulation of cell death occurrences via hypothalamus-pituitary gland (PG)-secreted miRNA hormones, the expression and/or secretion of which are regulated by sex hormones. This hypothesis explains such well-known phenomena as inverse comorbidity of either cancer or Alzheimer’s (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases; higher AD morbidity and lower frequency of many common types of cancer in women vs. men; higher risk of early AD and lower risk of cancer in subjects with Down syndrome; longer life expectancy in women vs. men and much lower sex-dependent differences, if any, in other mammals; increased lifespans due to hypophysectomy or PG hypofunction; and parabiotic effects of blood or plasma transfusions between young and old animals.
Collapse
|
27
|
Li M, Pan M, You C, Dou J. The Therapeutic Potential of miR-7 in Cancers. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1707-1716. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190904141922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
MiRNAs play an important role in cancers. As a potent tumor suppressor, miRNA-7(miR-7)
has been demonstrated to inhibit the diverse fundamental biological processes in multiple cancer types
including initiation, growth and metastasis by targeting a number of molecules and signaling pathways.
This current review summarizes and discusses the relationship between miR-7 and cancers and the
therapeutic potential of miR-7 in cancers. It may provide new integrative understanding for future
study on the role of miR-7 in cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chengzhong You
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Qiu J, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Li X, Li H, Liu J, Gou K, Zhao J, Cui S. MicroRNA-7 inhibits melatonin synthesis by acting as a linking molecule between leptin and norepinephrine signaling pathways in pig pineal gland. J Pineal Res 2019; 66:e12552. [PMID: 30618087 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs, including microRNA-7 (miR-7), are important modulators of numerous gene expressions and the related biological processes. Melatonin is a key hormone regulating daily and seasonal rhythms, in which a variety of positive and negative regulatory factors, such as norepinephrine (NE) and leptin, are involved. However, the interactions among these factors and the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The aims of the present study were to identify the functions and the related mechanisms of miR-7 in regulating melatonin synthesis and secretion through in vitro and in vivo experiments in pineal gland of pigs, which is an important animal model for agricultural and biomedical studies. Our results firstly show that miR-7 is specifically expressed in porcine pinealocytes and negatively regulates melatonin synthesis. The further functional studies show that the dynamic expression levels of miR-7 are contrary to the melatonin levels throughout the day, and the forced inhibition of endogenous miR-7 in porcine pinealocytes sharply increases arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) expression by 80.0% (P = 0.0031) and melatonin levels by 81.0% (P = 0.0421), whereas miR-7 over-expression down-regulates AANAT expression by 38.6% (P = 0.0004) and melatonin levels by 37.6% (P = 0.0212). In addition, the miR-7 expression is up-regulated by leptin through the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway, and the in vivo intracerebroventricular injection of leptin increases miR-7 expression by 80.0% (P = 0.0044) in porcine pineal glands and reduces melatonin levels by 57.1% (P = 0.0060) compared with the controls. This functional inhibition of melatonin synthesis by miR-7 is accomplished by its binding to the 3'-UTR of Raf1. Further, our results demonstrate that the RAF1/MEK/ERK signaling pathway mediates NE-induced AANAT expression, whereas leptin attenuates NE's function through miR-7. Taken together, the results demonstrated that leptin activates the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway to increase the expression of miR-7, which acts as a negative regulatory molecule inhibiting NE-activated RAF1/MEK/ERK signaling pathway by targeting Raf1, resulting in decreased AANAT expression and melatonin synthesis. These findings suggest that miR-7 is a novel negative regulator of melatonin synthesis and links leptin- and NE-mediated signaling pathways in porcine pineal glands, which will contribute to our understanding in the establishment of the biological rhythms resulting from melatonin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinglin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yewen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kemian Gou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fayyaz S, Javed Z, Attar R, Farooqi AA, Yaylim I, Ahmad A. MicroRNA regulation of TRAIL mediated signaling in different cancers: Control of micro steering wheels during the journey from bench-top to the bedside. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 58:56-64. [PMID: 30716480 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale sequencing methodologies have helped us identify numerous genomic alterations and we have started to scratch the surface of many new targets for treatment of cancer and the associated predictive biomarkers. TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) is a highly appreciated anti-cancer molecule because of its ability to selectively target cancer cells. However, confluence of information suggests that cancer cells develop resistance against TRAIL-based therapeutics. It is being realized that overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins and inactivation of pro-apoptotic proteins significantly impairs TRAIL triggered apoptosis, particularly in clinical settings. Re-balancing of pro-and anti-apoptotic proteins and upregulation of death receptors with functionally active extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways are necessary to sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL based therapeutics. microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in regulation of myriad of molecular processes and characterized into oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs. Accumulating data has identified miRNAs which positively or negatively regulate TRAIL mediated signaling in cancer cells, helping us understand different steps at which TRAIL-mediated apoptotic signaling can be targeted. Here, we assess the status of our understanding of the mechanisms related to miRNA regulation of TRAIL mediated signaling, as well as the existing gaps therein, and discuss the challenges and opportunities that will help us get closer to personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sundas Fayyaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Rashid Latif Medical College (RLMC), Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, Rashid Latif Medical College (RLMC), Pakistan
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ilhan Yaylim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar İnstitute of Experimental Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li G, Huang M, Cai Y, Yang Y, Sun X, Ke Y. Circ-U2AF1 promotes human glioma via derepressing neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2 by sponging hsa-miR-7-5p. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9144-9155. [PMID: 30341906 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis for human glioma, a malignant tumor of the central nervous system, is poor due to its rapid growth, genetic heterogeneity, and inadequate understanding of its underlying molecular mechanisms. Circular RNAs composed of exonic sequences, represent an understudied form of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that was discovered more than a decade ago, function as microRNA sponges. We aimed to assess the relationship between circ-U2AF1 (CircRNA ID: hsa_circ_0061868) and hsa-mir-7-5p and examine their effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and the metastatic phenotype of glioma cells regulated by neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2 (NOVA2). We found that the expression levels of circ-U2AF1 and NOVA2 were upregulated, while hsa-miR-7-5p was downregulated in human glioma tissues and glioma cell lines. Our data and bioinformatic analysis indicated the association of these molecules with glioma grade, a positive correlation between circ-U2AF1 and NOVA2 expression levels and a negative correlation of hsa-miR-7-5p with both circ-U2AF1 and NOVA2, respectively. In addition, silencing of circ-U2AF1 expression resulted in increased hsa-miR-7-5p expression and decreased NOVA2 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase assay confirmed hsa-miR-7-5p as a direct target of circ-U2AF1 and NOVA2 as a direct target of hsa-miR-7-5p. Functionally, silencing of circ-U2AF1 inhibits glioma development by repressing NOVA2 via upregulating hsa-miR-7-5p both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we assumed that circ-U2AF1 promotes glioma malignancy via derepressing NOVA2 by sponging hsa-miR-7-5p. Taken together, we suggest that circ-U2AF1 can be a prognostic biomarker and the circ-U2AF1/hsa-miR-7-5p/NOVA2 regulatory pathway may be a novel therapeutic target for treating gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Shiyan, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqian Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuantao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinlin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiquan Ke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fabi F, Adam P, Vincent K, Demontigny F, Parent S, Joncas FH, Asselin E. Inhibition of CRM1 activity sensitizes endometrial and ovarian cell lines to TRAIL-induced cell death. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:39. [PMID: 29973205 PMCID: PMC6033231 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CRM1 enrichment has been shown to be indicative of invasive as well as chemoresistant tumors. On the other hand, TRAIL, a powerful and specific anti-tumoral agent, has yet to be used effectively to treat gynecological tumors in patients. In the present study, we examined if CRM1, a nuclear exporter capable of mediating protein transport, could be a relevant target to restore chemosensitivity in chemoresistant cells. We thus explored the hypothesis that CRM1-driven nuclear exclusion of tumor suppressors could lead to chemoresistance and that CRM1 inhibitors could present a novel therapeutic approach, allowing sensitization to chemotherapeutic agents. METHODS Ovarian cancer cell lines, as well as endometrial cancer cell lines, were treated with leptomycin B (LMB), cisplatin and TRAIL, either singly or in combination, in order to induce apoptosis. Western blot and flow cytometry analysis were used to quantify caspases activation and apoptosis induction. Immunofluorescence was used to determine nuclear localization of p53. Colony formation assays were performed to determine therapeutic effectiveness; p53 siRNA were used to establish p53 role in sensitization. Additional information from GEO database and Prognoscan allowed us to contextualise the obtained results. Finally, qRT-PCR was performed to measure apoptotic regulators expression. RESULTS TRAIL and LMB combination therapy lead to cleavage of caspase-3 as well as the appearance of cleaved-PARP, and thus, apoptosis. Further experiments suggested that sensitization was achieved through the synergistic downregulation of multiple inhibitor of apoptosis, as well as the activation of apoptotic pathways. p53 was enriched in the nucleus following LMB treatments, but did not seem to be required for sensitization; additional experiments suggested that p53 opposed the apoptotic effects of LMB and TRAIL. Results obtained from public data repositories suggested that CRM1 was a driver of chemoresistance and poor prognostic; DR5, on the other hand, acted as as a marker of positive prognostic. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that the use of CRM1 inhibitors, in combination to chemotherapeutic compounds, could be highly effective in the treatment of gynecological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Fabi
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G8Z 4M3 Canada
| | - Pascal Adam
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G8Z 4M3 Canada
| | - Keven Vincent
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G8Z 4M3 Canada
| | - Françis Demontigny
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G8Z 4M3 Canada
| | - Sophie Parent
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G8Z 4M3 Canada
| | - France-Hélène Joncas
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G8Z 4M3 Canada
| | - Eric Asselin
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G8Z 4M3 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zeng K, Chen X, Xu M, Liu X, Hu X, Xu T, Sun H, Pan Y, He B, Wang S. CircHIPK3 promotes colorectal cancer growth and metastasis by sponging miR-7. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:417. [PMID: 29549306 PMCID: PMC5856798 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidences indicate that circular RNAs (circRNAs) have a vital role in human diseases, especially cancers. More recently, circHIPK3, a particularly abundant circRNA, was proposed to be involved in tumorigenesis. However, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been explored. In this study, we found circHIPK3 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines, at least in part, due to c-Myb overexpression and positively correlated with metastasis and advanced clinical stage. Moreover, Cox multivariate survival analysis showed that high-level expression of circHIPK3 was an independent prognostic factor of poor overall survival (OS) in CRC (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.74-6.51, p = 0.009). Functionally, knockdown of circHIPK3 markedly inhibited CRC cells proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced apoptosis in vitro and suppressed CRC growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, by using biotinylated-circHIPK3 probe to perform RNA pull-down assay in CRC cells, we identified miR-7 was the only one microRNA that was abundantly pulled down by circHIPK3 in both HCT116 and HT29 cells and these interactions were also confirmed by biotinylated miR-7 pull-down and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Overexpression of miR-7 mimicked the effect of circHIPK3 knockdown on CRC cells proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Furthermore, ectopic expression of circHIPK3 effectively reversed miR-7-induced attenuation of malignant phenotypes of CRC cells by increasing the expression levels of miR-7 targeting proto-oncogenes (FAK, IGF1R, EGFR, YY1). Remarkably, the combination of circHIPK3 silencing and miR-7 overexpression gave a better effect on tumor suppression both in vitro and in vivo than did circHIPK3 knockdown or miR-7 overexpression alone. Taken together, our data indicate that circHIPK3 may have considerable potential as a prognostic biomarker in CRC, and support the notion that therapeutic targeting of the c-Myb/circHIPK3/miR-7 axis may be a promising treatment approach for CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Zeng
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Mu Xu
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangxiang Liu
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuxiu Hu
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiling Sun
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqin Pan
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China
| | - Bangshun He
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China
| | - Shukui Wang
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China.
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|