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Cornelssen C, Payne A, Parker DL, Alexander M, Merrill R, Senthilkumar S, Christensen J, Wilcox KS, Odéen H, Rolston JD. Development of an MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) Lesioning Approach for the Fornix in the Rat Brain. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2024; 50:920-926. [PMID: 38521695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-intensity magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a non-invasive therapy to lesion brain tissue, used clinically in patients and pre-clinically in several animal models. Challenges with focused ablation in rodent brains can include skull and near-field heating and accurately targeting small and deep brain structures. We overcame these challenges by creating a novel method consisting of a craniectomy skull preparation, a high-frequency transducer (3 MHz) with a small ultrasound focal spot, a transducer positioning system with an added manual adjustment of ∼0.1 mm targeting accuracy, and MR acoustic radiation force imaging for confirmation of focal spot placement. METHODS The study consisted of two main parts. First, two skull preparation approaches were compared. A skull thinning approach (n = 7 lesions) was compared to a craniectomy approach (n = 22 lesions), which confirmed a craniectomy was necessary to decrease skull and near-field heating. Second, the two transducer positioning systems were compared with the fornix chosen as a subcortical ablation target. We evaluated the accuracy of targeting using histologic methods from a high-frequency transducer with a small ultrasound focal spot and MR acoustic radiation force imaging. RESULTS Comparing a motorized adjustment system (∼1 mm precision, n = 17 lesions) to the motorized system with an added micromanipulator (∼0.1 mm precision, n = 14 lesions), we saw an increase in the accuracy of targeting the fornix by 133%. CONCLUSIONS The described work allows for repeatable and accurate targeting of small and deep structures in the rodent brain, such as the fornix, enabling the investigation of neurological disorders in chronic disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carena Cornelssen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Allison Payne
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Dennis L Parker
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Matthew Alexander
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robb Merrill
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sharayu Senthilkumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jacob Christensen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Karen S Wilcox
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Henrik Odéen
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John D Rolston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Cornelssen C, Finlinson E, Rolston JD, Wilcox KS. Ultrasonic therapies for seizures and drug-resistant epilepsy. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1301956. [PMID: 38162441 PMCID: PMC10756913 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1301956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonic therapy is an increasingly promising approach for the treatment of seizures and drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Therapeutic focused ultrasound (FUS) uses thermal or nonthermal energy to either ablate neural tissue or modulate neural activity through high- or low-intensity FUS (HIFU, LIFU), respectively. Both HIFU and LIFU approaches have been investigated for reducing seizure activity in DRE, and additional FUS applications include disrupting the blood-brain barrier in the presence of microbubbles for targeted-drug delivery to the seizure foci. Here, we review the preclinical and clinical studies that have used FUS to treat seizures. Additionally, we review effective FUS parameters and consider limitations and future directions of FUS with respect to the treatment of DRE. While detailed studies to optimize FUS applications are ongoing, FUS has established itself as a potential noninvasive alternative for the treatment of DRE and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carena Cornelssen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Eli Finlinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - John D. Rolston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Karen S. Wilcox
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Jelisejevs I, Upite J, Kalnins S, Jansone B. An Improved Surgical Approach for Complete Interhemispheric Corpus Callosotomy Combined with Extended Frontoparietal Craniotomy in Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1782. [PMID: 37509422 PMCID: PMC10376606 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Callosotomy is an invasive method that is used to study the role of interhemispheric functional connectivity in the brain. This surgical approach is technically demanding to perform in small laboratory animals, such as rodents, due to several methodological challenges. To date, there exist two main approaches for transecting the corpus callosum (CC) in rodents: trephine hole(s) or unilateral craniotomy, which cause damage to the cerebral cortex or the injury of large vessels, and may lead to intracranial hemorrhage and animal death. This study presents an improved surgical approach for complete corpus callosotomy in mice using an interhemispheric approach combined with bilateral and extended craniotomy across the midline. This study demonstrated that bilateral and extended craniotomy provided the visual space required for hemisphere and sinus retraction, thus keeping large blood vessels and surrounding brain structures intact under the surgical microscope using standardized surgical instruments. We also emphasized the importance of good post-operative care leading to an increase in overall animal survival following experimentation. This optimized surgical approach avoids extracallosal tissue and medium- to large-sized cerebral blood vessel damage in mice, which can provide higher study reproducibility/validity among animals when revealing the role of the CC in various neurological pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Baiba Jansone
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (I.J.); (J.U.); (S.K.)
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Matsuo T, Komori R, Nakatani M, Ochi S, Yokota-Nakatsuma A, Matsumoto J, Takata F, Dohgu S, Ishihara Y, Itoh K. Levetiracetam Suppresses the Infiltration of Neutrophils and Monocytes and Downregulates Many Inflammatory Cytokines during Epileptogenesis in Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7671. [PMID: 35887020 PMCID: PMC9319101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute brain inflammation after status epilepticus (SE) is involved in blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and brain edema, which cause the development of post-SE symptomatic epilepsy. Using pilocarpine-induced SE mice, we previously reported that treatment with levetiracetam (LEV) after SE suppresses increased expression levels of proinflammatory mediators during epileptogenesis and prevents the development of spontaneous recurrent seizures. However, it remains unclear how LEV suppresses neuroinflammation after SE. In this study, we demonstrated that LEV suppressed the infiltration of CD11b+CD45high cells into the brain after SE. CD11b+CD45high cells appeared in the hippocampus between 1 and 4 days after SE and contained Ly6G+Ly6C+ and Ly6G-Ly6C+ cells. Ly6G+Ly6C+ cells expressed higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNFα suggesting that these cells were inflammatory neutrophils. Depletion of peripheral Ly6G+Ly6C+ cells prior to SE by anti-Ly6G antibody (NIMP-R14) treatment completely suppressed the infiltration of Ly6G+Ly6C+ cells into the brain. Proteome analysis revealed the downregulation of a variety of inflammatory cytokines, which exhibited increased expression in the post-SE hippocampus. These results suggest that Ly6G+Ly6C+ neutrophils are involved in the induction of acute brain inflammation after SE. The proteome expression profile of the hippocampus treated with LEV after SE was similar to that after NIMP-R14 treatment. Therefore, LEV may prevent acute brain inflammation after SE by suppressing inflammatory neutrophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taira Matsuo
- Laboratory for Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Neurology, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan; (T.M.); (R.K.); (M.N.); (S.O.)
| | - Rie Komori
- Laboratory for Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Neurology, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan; (T.M.); (R.K.); (M.N.); (S.O.)
| | - Minami Nakatani
- Laboratory for Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Neurology, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan; (T.M.); (R.K.); (M.N.); (S.O.)
| | - Shiori Ochi
- Laboratory for Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Neurology, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan; (T.M.); (R.K.); (M.N.); (S.O.)
| | - Aya Yokota-Nakatsuma
- Laboratory of Immunology, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan;
| | - Junichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (J.M.); (F.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (J.M.); (F.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (J.M.); (F.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Yasuhiro Ishihara
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan;
| | - Kouichi Itoh
- Laboratory for Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Neurology, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan; (T.M.); (R.K.); (M.N.); (S.O.)
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Qin L, Chen S, Feng X, Luo B, Chen Y. Patient-Perceived Health System Responsiveness of the Epilepsy Management Project in Rural China during the Period of COVID-19. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:799. [PMID: 35627936 PMCID: PMC9141671 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Health system responsiveness (HSR) measures the experience of health-system users in terms of the non-clinical domains of the health system, which has been regarded as the three major goals of health performance evaluation. Good HSR may promote the use of health services and ultimately the health of patients. However, the HSR has not been measured as the main goal of the Epilepsy Management Project (EMP) in rural China. This study aims to evaluate the levels and distributions of the patient-perceived HSR of the EMP in rural China during the period of COVID-19 and identify its relevant factors so as to provide advice on the improvement of further strategies. Based on the key informant survey (KIS) of responsiveness from the World Health Organization proposal, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 420 epilepsy patients selected proportional randomly from seven rural areas in the Hunan province of China in 2021. Eight domains of patients-perceived HSR were assessed by face-to-face interview. The overall HSR scored at a fairly “good” level of 8.3 (8.3 out of a maximum of 10.0). During the COVID-19 period, the scores of responsiveness domains were highest at 8.66 to 8.93 in “confidentiality”, “dignity” and “choice of providers”, while lowest at 8.38 to 8.53 in “prompt attention”, “social support” and “basic amenities”. The representative responsiveness equality index (REI) was 0.732, indicating the moderately balanced distributions of responsiveness of the EMP in rural China. Female, old age, and low education were significantly related to the lower HSR scores of rural EMP (p < 0.05). The HSR of EMP in rural China was fairly good. However, measures to improve the patient-perceived HSR are still needed, especially including better service, higher social support, and more comfortable medical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Qin
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China; (L.Q.); (S.C.); (X.F.)
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China; (L.Q.); (S.C.); (X.F.)
| | - Xianglin Feng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China; (L.Q.); (S.C.); (X.F.)
| | - Bangan Luo
- Department of Mental Health, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha 410007, China
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yiwei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
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