1
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Gao M, Sun C, Li Y, Li N, Jiang H, He C, Chen Y, Zhao W, Hou J, Ye L. Unraveling the Solution Aggregation Structures and Processing Resiliency of High-Efficiency Organic Photovoltaic Blends. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2406653. [PMID: 39113338 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
The solution aggregation structure of conjugated polymers is crucial to the morphology and resultant optoelectronic properties of organic electronics and is of considerable interest in the field. Precise characterizations of the solution aggregation structures of organic photovoltaic (OPV) blends and their temperature-dependent variations remain challenging. In this work, the temperature-dependent solution aggregation structures of three representative high-efficiency OPV blends using small-angle X-ray/neutron scattering are systematically probed. Three cases of solution processing resiliency are elucidated in state-of-the-art OPV blends. The exceptional processing resiliency of high-efficiency PBQx-TF blends can be attributed to the minimal changes in the multiscale solution aggregation structure at elevated temperatures. Importantly, a new parameter, the percentage of acceptors distributed within polymer aggregates (Ф), for the first time in OPV blend solution, establishes a direct correlation between Ф and performance is quantified. The device performance is well correlated with the Kuhn length of the cylinder related to polymer aggregates L1 at the small scale and the Ф at the large scale. Optimal device performance is achieved with L1 at ≈30 nm and Ф within the range of 60 ± 5%. This study represents a significant advancement in the aggregation structure research of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Gao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chunlong Sun
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- National Facility for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Na Li
- National Facility for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hanqiu Jiang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, China
| | - Chunyong He
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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2
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Weitz P, Wortmann J, Liu C, Wen TJ, Li CZ, Heumüller T, Brabec CJ. Photodegradation of Organic Solar Cells under Visible Light and the Crucial Influence of Its Spectral Composition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:36667-36677. [PMID: 38955357 PMCID: PMC11262306 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
While wavelength-dependent photodegradation of organic solar cells (OSCs) under visible light is typically discussed in terms of UV/blue light-activated phenomena, we recently demonstrated wavelength-dependent degradation rates up to 660 nm for PM6:Y6. In this study, we systematically investigated this phenomenon for a broad variety of devices based on different donor:acceptor combinations. We found that the spectral composition of the light used for degradation, tuned in a spectral range from 457 to 740 nm and under high irradiances of up to 30 suns, has a crucial influence on the device stability of almost all tested semiconductors. The relevance of this phenomenon was investigated in the context of simulated AM1.5 illumination with metal halide lamps and white LEDs. It is concluded that the current stability testing protocols in OSC research have to be adjusted to account for this effect to reveal the underlying physics of this still poorly understood mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Weitz
- Institute
Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonas Wortmann
- Institute
Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute
Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chao Liu
- Institute
Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute
Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tian-Jiao Wen
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Thomas Heumüller
- Institute
Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute
Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph J. Brabec
- Institute
Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute
Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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3
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Yang N, Cui Y, Xiao Y, Chen Z, Zhang T, Yu Y, Ren J, Wang W, Ma L, Hou J. Completely Non-Fused Low-Cost Acceptor Enables Organic Photovoltaic Cells with 17 % Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403753. [PMID: 38523070 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
To meet the industrial requirements of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, it is imperative to accelerate the development of cost-effective materials. Thiophene-benzene-thiophene central unit-based acceptors possess the advantage of low synthetic cost, while their power conversion efficiency (PCE) is relatively low. Here, by incorporating a para-substituted benzene unit and 1st-position branched alkoxy chains with large steric hindrance, a completely non-fused non-fullerene acceptor, TBT-26, was designed and synthesized. The narrow band gap of 1.38 eV ensures the effective utilization of sunlight. The favorable phase separation morphology of TBT-26-based blend film facilitates the efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport in corresponding OPV cell. Therefore, the TBT-26-based small-area cell achieves an impressive PCE of 17.0 %, which is the highest value of completely non-fused OPV cells. Additionally, we successfully demonstrated the scalability of this design by fabricating a 28.8 cm2 module with a high PCE of 14.3 %. Overall, our work provides a practical molecular design strategy for developing high-performance and low-cost acceptors, paving the way for industrial applications of OPV technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lijiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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4
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Shoaee S, Luong HM, Song J, Zou Y, Nguyen TQ, Neher D. What We have Learnt from PM6:Y6. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2302005. [PMID: 37623325 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three years, remarkable advancements in organic solar cells (OSCs) have emerged, propelled by the introduction of Y6-an innovative A-DA'D-A type small molecule non-fullerene acceptor (NFA). This review provides a critical discussion of the current knowledge about the structural and physical properties of the PM6:Y6 material combination in relation to its photovoltaic performance. The design principles of PM6 and Y6 are discussed, covering charge transfer, transport, and recombination mechanisms. Then, the authors delve into blend morphology and degradation mechanisms before considering commercialization. The current state of the art is presented, while also discussing unresolved contentious issues, such as the blend energetics, the pathways of free charge generation, and the role of triplet states in recombination. As such, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the PM6:Y6 material combination and its potential for further development in the field of organic solar cells. By addressing both the successes and challenges associated with this system, this review contributes to the ongoing research efforts toward achieving more efficient and stable organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Shoaee
- Optoelectronics of Disordered Semiconductors, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hoang M Luong
- Centre for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Jiage Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Centre for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Dieter Neher
- Soft Matter Physics and Optoelectronics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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5
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Yang N, Cui Y, Zhang T, An C, Chen Z, Xiao Y, Yu Y, Wang Y, Hao XT, Hou J. Molecular Design of Fully Nonfused Acceptors for Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9205-9215. [PMID: 38523309 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The nonfused thiophene-benzene-thiophene (TBT) unit offers advantages in obtaining low-cost organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials due to its simple structure. However, OPV cells, including TBT-based acceptors, exhibit significantly lower energy conversion efficiencies. Here, we introduce a novel approach involving the design and synthesis of three TBT-based acceptors by substituting different position-branched side chains on the TBT unit. In comparison to TBT-10 and TBT-11, TBT-13, which exclusively incorporates α-position branched side chains with a large steric hindrance, demonstrates a more planar and stable conformation. When blended with the donor PBQx-TF, TBT-13-based blend film achieves favorable π-π stacking and aggregation characteristics, resulting in excellent charge transfer performance in the corresponding device. Due to the simultaneous enhancements in short-circuit current density and fill factor, the TBT-13-based OPV cell obtains an outstanding efficiency of 16.1%, marking the highest value for the cells based on fully nonfused acceptors. Our work provides a practical molecular design strategy for high-performance and low-cost OPV materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Yang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cunbin An
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Yang N, Zhang T, Wang S, An C, Seibt S, Wang G, Wang J, Yang Y, Wang W, Xiao Y, Yao H, Zhang S, Ma W, Hou J. An Ortho-Bisalkyloxylated Benzene-Based Fully Non-fused Electron Acceptor for Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Cells. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300036. [PMID: 37092533 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To develop the low-cost nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), two fully non-fused NFAs (TBT-2 and TBT-6) with ortho-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)benzene unit and different side chains onto thiophene-bridges are synthesized through highly efficient synthetic procedures. Both acceptors show good planarity, low optical gaps (≈1.51 eV), and deep highest occupied molecular orbital levels (≤-5.77 eV). More importantly, the single-crystal structure of TBT-2 shows compact molecular arrangement due to the existence of intramolecular interactions between adjacent aromatic units and strong π-π stacking between intermolecular terminal groups. When the two acceptors are fabricated organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells by combining with a wide optical gap polymer donor, the TBT-6 with strong crystallization forms large domain sizes in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blend. As a result, the TBT-6-based OPV cell shows a low power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.53%. In contrast, the TBT-2 with proper crystallization facilitates morphological optimization in the BHJ blend. Consequently, the TBT-2-based OPV cell gives an outstanding PCE of 13.25%, which is one of the best values among OPV cells with similar optical gaps. Overall, this work provides a practical molecular design strategy for developing high-performance and low-cost electron acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Cunbin An
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Susanne Seibt
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Guanlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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7
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Wang J, Wang Y, Li J, Yu Y, Bi P, Qiao J, Chen Z, Wang C, Wang W, Dai J, Hao X, Zhang S, Hou J. Low-Cost Fully Non-fused Ring Acceptor Enables Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Modules for Multi-Scene Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314362. [PMID: 37877452 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, with highly tunable light-response ranges, offer significant potential for use in driving low-power consumption off-grid electronics in multi-scenarios. However, development of photoactive layer materials that can meet simultaneously the requirements of diverse irradiation conditions is a still challenging task. Herein, a low-cost fully non-fused acceptor (denoted as GS60) featuring well-matched absorption spectra with solar, scattered light and artificial light radiation was designed and synthesized. Systematic characterizations revealed that GS60 possessed outstanding photoelectron properties and ideal morphology, which resulted in reduced voltage loss and suppressed charge recombination. By blending with a non-fused ring polymer PTVT-T, the as-obtained GS60 based OPV cells achieved a good power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.1 %, a high value for the cells based on non-fused ring bulk heterojunction. Besides, manufactured large-area OPV modules based on PTVT-T:GS60 yielded PCEs of 11.2 %, 11.8 %, 12.1 %, 23.1 %, and 20.3 % under irradiation of AM 1.5G, natural light of cloudy weather, natural light in shadow, laser and indoor, respectively. The PTVT-T:GS60 devices exhibited considerable potential in terms of improving photostability and reducing material cost. Overall, this work provides novel insight into the molecular design of low-cost non-fused ring acceptors, and extended potential of medium band gap acceptors based OPV cells used in various application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiayao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengqing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chaoyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiangbo Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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8
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Ran X, Shi Y, Qiu D, Zhang J, Lu K, Wei Z. The central core size effect in quinoxaline-based non-fullerene acceptors for high VOC organic solar cells. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18291-18299. [PMID: 37941482 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05077g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
For organic solar cells (OSCs), obtaining a high open circuit voltage (VOC) is often accompanied by the sacrifice of the circuit current density (JSC) and filling factor (FF), and it is difficult to strike a balance between VOC and JSC × FF. The trade-off of these parameters is often the critical factor limiting the improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Extended backbone conjugation and side chain engineering of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are effective strategies to optimize the performance of OSCs. Herein, based on the quinoxaline central core and branched alkyl chains at the β position of the thiophene unit, we designed and synthesized three NFAs with different sized cores. Interestingly, Qx-BO-3 with a smaller central core showed better planarity and more appropriate crystallinity. As a result, PM6:Qx-BO-3-based devices obtained more suitable phase separation, more efficient exciton dissociation, and charge transport properties. Therefore, the OSCs based on PM6:Qx-BO-3 yielded an outstanding PCE of 17.03%, significantly higher than the devices based on PM6:Qx-BO-1 (10.57%) and PM6:Qx-BO-2 (11.34%) although the latter two devices have lower VOC losses. These results indicated that fine-tuning the central core size can effectively optimize the molecular geometry of NFAs and the film morphology of OSCs. This work provides an effective method for designing high-performance NFA-OSCs with high VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Ran
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Dingding Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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9
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Bin H, Li J, Caiazzo A, Wienk MM, Li Y, Janssen RAJ. Preparation of Efficient Organic Solar Cells Based on Terpolymer Donors via a Monomer-Ratio Insensitive Side-Chain Hybridization Strategy. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300006. [PMID: 36601966 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Creating new donor materials is crucial for further advancing organic solar cells. Random terpolymers have been adopted to overcome shortcomings of regular alternating donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers of which the performance is often susceptible to batch-to-batch variations. In general, the properties and performance of efficient D1 -A-D2 -A and D-A1 -D-A2 terpolymers are sensitive to the D1 /D2 or A1 /A2 monomer ratios. Side-chain hybridization is a strategy to address this problem. Here, six D1 -A-D2 -A-type random terpolymers comprising D1 and D2 monomers with the same π-conjugated D unit but with different side chains were synthesized. The side chains, containing either fluorine or trialkylsilyl substituents were chosen to provide near-identical optoelectronic properties but provide a tool to create a better-optimized film morphology when blended with a non-fullerene acceptor. This strategy allows improving the device performance to over 18 %, higher than that obtained with the corresponding D1 -A or D2 -A bipolymers (around 17 %). Hence, side-chain hybridization is a promising strategy to design efficient D1 -A-D2 -A terpolymer donors that are insensitive to the D1 /D2 monomer ratio, which is beneficial for the scaled-up synthesis of high-performance materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Bin
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R China
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB (The, Netherlands
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Li
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB (The, Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Caiazzo
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB (The, Netherlands
| | - Martijn M Wienk
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB (The, Netherlands
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - René A J Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB (The, Netherlands
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Eindhoven, 5612 AJ (The, Netherlands
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10
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Tunable Donor-Acceptor Linear Conjugated Polymers Involving Cyanostyrylthiophene Linkages for Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Production. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052203. [PMID: 36903455 PMCID: PMC10004844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, an atom- and step-economic direct C-H arylation polymerization (DArP) strategy was developed to access cyanostyrylthiophene (CST)-based donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymers (CPs) used for photocatalytic hydrogen production (PHP) from water reduction. The new CST-based CPs CP1-CP5 with varied building blocks were systematically studied by X-ray single-crystal analysis, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, UV-vis, photoluminescence, transient photocurrent response, cyclic voltammetry measurements, and a PHP test, which showed that the phenyl-cyanostyrylthiophene-based CP3 exhibits a superior hydrogen evolution rate (7.60 mmol h-1 g-1) compared to other conjugated polymers. The structure-property-performance correlation results obtained in this study will provide an important guideline for the rational design of high-performance D-A CPs for PHP applications.
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11
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Shao Y, Gao Y, Sun R, Zhang M, Min J. A Versatile and Low-Cost Polymer Donor Based on 4-Chlorothiazole for Highly Efficient Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208750. [PMID: 36414612 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from the emergence of narrow-band-gap small-molecule acceptors (SMAs), especially "Y" series, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of polymer solar cells (PSCs) is rapidly improved. However, polymer donors with high efficiency, easy synthesis, and good universality are relatively scarce except PBDB-TF and D18. Herein, two polymer donors are designed and synthesized based on 4-chlorothiazole derivatives with simple structures, namely PTz3Cl and PBTTz3Cl. The OSCs based on PBTTz3Cl with slightly weaker intermolecular forces in comparison to PTz3Cl exhibits a decent PCE of 18.38% in blending with SMA L8-BO, owing to its strong donor/acceptor interaction with L8-BO, which shapes suitable phase separation morphology. Further research finds that PBTTz3Cl can exhibit excellent photovoltaic performances with various SMA materials, highlighting its universality. Based on this, ternary PSCs are designed where BTP-eC9 is introduced as a guest into the PBTTz3Cl:L8-BO host system. Thanks to further optimal blend morphology and more balanced charge transport, the PCE is improved up to 19.12%, which is among the highest values for PSCs. This work provides a new design of low-cost electron-deficient units for constructing highly versatile, high-performance polymer donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Shao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Rui Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Meimei Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jie Min
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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12
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Zheng R, Zhang C, Zhang A, Xue J, Xu X, Liu Y, Su CJ, Ma W, Yang C, Bo Z. Effect of Steric Hindrance at the Anthracene Core on the Photovoltaic Performance of Simple Nonfused Ring Electron Acceptors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4275-4283. [PMID: 36645327 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Solving the contradiction between good solubility and dense packing is a challenge in designing high-performance nonfullerene acceptors. Herein, two simple nonfused ring electron acceptors (o-AT-2Cl and m-AT-2Cl) carrying ortho- or meta-substituted hexyloxy side chains can be facilely synthesized in only three steps. The two ortho-substituted phenyl side chains in o-AT-2Cl cannot freely rotate due to a big steric hindrance, which endows the acceptor with good solubility. Moreover, o-AT-2Cl displays a more ordered packing than m-AT-2Cl as revealed by the absorption measurement. When blended with polymer donor D18 for the fabrication of organic solar cells (OSCs), o-AT-2Cl-based devices exhibit a favorable morphology, more efficient exciton dissociation, and better charge transport. Consequently, the optimal OSCs based on D18:o-AT-2Cl exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.8%, which is significantly higher than the moderate PCE (7.66%) for D18:m-AT-2Cl-based devices. Remarkably, o-AT-2Cl shows a higher figure-of-merit value compared with classic high-efficiency fused ring electron acceptors. As a result, our research succeeds in obtaining nonfused ring acceptors with cost-effective photovoltaic performance and provides a valuable experience for simultaneously improving solubility as well as ensuring ordered packing of acceptors through regulating the steric hindrance via changing the position of substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Cai'e Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Andong Zhang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Jingwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xinjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yahui Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
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13
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Feng J, Hu R, Jiang J, Cai Z, Pan S, Zou X, Dong G, Zhao N, Zhang W. Aggregation-Induced Emission in a Polymeric Photovoltaic Donor Material. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C 2022; 126:20275-20283. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c06848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Feng
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Rong Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing402160, China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Zekai Cai
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Shusheng Pan
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou510006, China
- Research Center for Advanced Information Materials (CAIM), Huangpu Research and Graduate School of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Xianshao Zou
- Division of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Lund22100, Sweden
| | - Geng Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou515041, China
| | - Ningjiu Zhao
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan523808, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou510006, China
- Research Center for Advanced Information Materials (CAIM), Huangpu Research and Graduate School of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou510006, China
- Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou510006, China
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14
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Gao H, Yu R, Gong Y, Ma Z, He Z, Dong Y, Xu K, Bai Y, Tan Z. Self-Aggregated Light-Trapping Nanodots for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2205128. [PMID: 36310144 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The typical thickness of the photoactive layer in organic solar cells (OSCs) is around 100 nm, which limits the absorption efficiency of the incident light and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs. Therefore, light-trapping schemes to reduce the optical losses in the thin photoactive layers are critically important for efficient OSCs. Herein, light-trapping and electron-collection dual-functional small organic molecules, N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyloxalamide (TPEA) and N,N,N',N'-tetraphenylmalonamide (TPMA), are designed and synthesized by a one-step acylation reaction. Driven by strong intermolecular force, TPEA and TPMA tend to self-aggregate into hemispherical light-trapping nanodots on the photoactive layer, resulting in enhanced light harvesting. Meanwhile, TPEA and TPMA demonstrate high electron mobility and excellent electron-collection ability. Compared with the device without cathode buffer layer (CBL, PCE = 14.09%), PM6:BTP-eC9 based OSCs with TPEA and TPMA light-trapping CBLs demonstrate greatly enhanced PCE of 16.21% and 17.85%, respectively. Furthermore, a record PCE of 19.02% can be achieved for PM6:BTP-eC9:PC71 BM based ternary OSC with TPMA light-trapping CBL. Moreover, TPMA exhibits a low synthesis cost of only 0.61 $ g-1 with high yield. These findings could open a window for the rational design of multifunctional CBLs for efficient and stable OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaizhi Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Runnan Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yongshuai Gong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zongwen Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhangwei He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yiman Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Kunxiang Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Zhan'ao Tan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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15
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Reduced energetic disorder enables over 14% efficiency in organic solar cells based on completely non-fused-ring donors and acceptors. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Yao H, Hou J. Recent Advances in Single‐Junction Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209021. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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17
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Jeon SJ, Yang NG, Kim YH, Yun JH, Moon DK. Bihalogenated Thiophene-Based Terpolymers for High-Performance Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells Processed by an Eco-Friendly Solvent and Layer-by-Layer Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38031-38047. [PMID: 35960878 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of photoactive materials simultaneously satisfying high performance, low cost, and eco-friendly processability remains challenging in organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, a synergistic strategy is proposed to design three terpolymers (PM7(ClCl = 0.2), PM7(ClBr = 0.2), and PM7(BrBr = 0.2)) based on bihalogenated thiophenes with relatively low cost, for improving the optical and electrochemical properties, solubility in nontoxic solvents, and crystallinity and miscibility balance. In summary, a bulk-heterojunction (BHJ)-processed device based on PM7(ClCl = 0.2) with 20% dichlorinated thiophene achieves the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.2% using toluene (best PCE ≈ 15.8% on the ternary blend). Moreover, high-performance semitransparent OSCs (ST-OSCs) were fabricated by a combination of layer-by-layer (LBL) and sequential dynamic and static spin-coating techniques according to the molecular weight of PM7(ClCl = 0.2). Using this unique LBL strategy, the PM7(ClCl = 0.2)-MW (H; high molecular weight)-processed ST-OSCs yield a high PCE of 11.5% and an average visible transmittance (AVT) of 27.1% with outstanding tolerance to device reproducibility. By optimizing ST-OSCs with tungsten trioxide as a distributed Bragg reflector, a light utilization efficiency (LUE) of 3.61% is realized with a PCE of 10.8% and an AVT of 33.4% (certified PCE ≈ 11.157%; LUE ≈ 3.73%). This study provides a novel perspective for designing and developing actual photoactive materials for OSC commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jae Jeon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Nam Gyu Yang
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Ji Hee Yun
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Doo Kyung Moon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
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18
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Zhang G, Lin FR, Qi F, Heumüller T, Distler A, Egelhaaf HJ, Li N, Chow PCY, Brabec CJ, Jen AKY, Yip HL. Renewed Prospects for Organic Photovoltaics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14180-14274. [PMID: 35929847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have progressed steadily through three stages of photoactive materials development: (i) use of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and fullerene-based acceptors (FAs) for optimizing bulk heterojunctions; (ii) development of new donors to better match with FAs; (iii) development of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). The development and application of NFAs with an A-D-A configuration (where A = acceptor and D = donor) has enabled devices to have efficient charge generation and small energy losses (Eloss < 0.6 eV), resulting in substantially higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) than FA-based devices. The discovery of Y6-type acceptors (Y6 = 2,2'-((2Z,2'Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo[3,4-e]-thieno[2″,3″:4',5']thieno-[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo-[3,2-g]thieno-[2',3':4,5]thieno-[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile) with an A-DA' D-A configuration has further propelled the PCEs to go beyond 15% due to smaller Eloss values (∼0.5 eV) and higher external quantum efficiencies. Subsequently, the PCEs of Y6-series single-junction devices have increased to >19% and may soon approach 20%. This review provides an update of recent progress of OPV in the following aspects: developments of novel NFAs and donors, understanding of the structure-property relationships and underlying mechanisms of state-of-the-art OPVs, and tasks underpinning the commercialization of OPVs, such as device stability, module development, potential applications, and high-throughput manufacturing. Finally, an outlook and prospects section summarizes the remaining challenges for the further development of OPV technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guichuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Francis R Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas Heumüller
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Distler
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Egelhaaf
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Philip C Y Chow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
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19
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Yao H, Hou J. Recent Advances in Single‐Junction Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yao
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry 100190 CHINA
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 100190 Beijing CHINA
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20
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Liu J, Qiao J, Zhou K, Wang J, Gui R, Xian K, Gao M, Yin H, Hao X, Zhou Z, Ye L. An Aggregation-Suppressed Polymer Blending Strategy Enables High-Performance Organic and Quantum Dot Hybrid Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201387. [PMID: 35417057 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processing hybrid solar cells with organics and colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have drawn substantial attention in the past decade. Nevertheless, hybrid solar cells based on the recently developed directly synthesized CQD inks are still unexplored. Herein, a facile polymer blending strategy is put forward to enable directly synthesized CQD/polymer hybrid solar cells with a champion efficiency of 13%, taking advantage of the conjugated polymer blends with finely optimized aggregation behaviors. The spectroscopic and electrical investigations on carrier transport and recombination indicate that polymer blends can endow fast carrier transport and less recombination over the single counterparts. Moreover, the blending strategy offers a "dilution effect" for top-notch photovoltaic polymers with excessively strong aggregation tendency, resulting in moderate feature domain size and surface roughness, which afford fast hole transport and therefore high photovoltaic performance. The effectiveness of this strategy is successfully validated using two pairs of photovoltaic polymers. Accordingly, the relationships between polymer morphology, carrier transport, and photovoltaic performance are established to advance the progress of CQD/polymer hybrid solar cells. Such progress stresses that the utilization of aggregation-suppressed polymer blends is a facile approach toward the fabrication of high-efficiency organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Kangkang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ruohua Gui
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Kaihu Xian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Mengyuan Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
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Guo Y, Li Z, Sha M, Deng P, Lin X, Li J, Zhang L, Yin H, Zhan H. Synthesis of a Low-Cost Thiophene-Indoloquinoxaline Polymer Donor and Its Application to Polymer Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081554. [PMID: 35458305 PMCID: PMC9030569 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple wide-bandgap conjugated polymer based on indoloquinoxaline unit (PIQ) has been newly designed and synthesized via cheap and commercially available starting materials. The basic physicochemical properties of the PIQ have been investigated. PIQ possesses a broad and strong absorption band in the wavelength range of 400~660 nm with a bandgap of 1.80 eV and lower-lying highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of −5.58 eV. Polymer solar cells based on PIQ and popular acceptor Y6 blend display a preliminarily optimized power conversion efficiency of 6.4%. The results demonstrate indoloquinoxaline is a promising building unit for designing polymer donor materials for polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zeyang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Mengzhen Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Ping Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (H.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Correspondence: (P.D.); (H.Y.)
| | - Xinyu Lin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jun Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
- Correspondence: (P.D.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hongbing Zhan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (H.Z.)
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22
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Zhang T, An C, Cui Y, Zhang J, Bi P, Yang C, Zhang S, Hou J. A Universal Nonhalogenated Polymer Donor for High-Performance Organic Photovoltaic Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105803. [PMID: 34647376 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonhalogenated polymers have great potential in the commercialization of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells due to their advantage in low-cost preparation. However, non-halogenated polymers usually have high highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels and inferior self-aggregation properties in solution, thus resulting in low power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Herein, two nonhalogenated polymers, PB1 and PB2, are prepared. When the polymers are used to fabricate OPV cells with BTP-eC9, the PB1-based device only gives a PCE of 5.3%, while the PB2-based device shows an outstanding PCE of 17.7%. After the introduction of PBDB-TF as the third component, the PB2:PBDB-TF:BTP-eC9-based device with an optimal weight ratio of 0.5:0.5:1 achieves a PCE up to 18.4%. More importantly, PB2 exhibits good compatibility with various nonfullerene acceptors to achieve better PCEs than those of classical polymer (PBDB-T and PBDB-TF)-based devices. When PB2 is combined with a wide-bandgap electron acceptor (F-BTA3), this device shows excellent PCE of 27.1% and 24.6% for 1 and 10 cm2 devices, respectively, under light intensity of 1000 lux light-emitting diode illumination. These results provide new insight in the rational design of novel nonhalogenated polymer donors for further development of low-cost materials and broadening the application of OPV cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinses Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cunbin An
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Pengqing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chenyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinses Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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23
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24
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25
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Zhang L, Chang Y, Zhu X, Yang C, Shi Y, Zhang J, Sun X, Lu K, Wei Z. Electron-deficient TVT unit-based D-A polymer donor for high-efficiency thick-film OSCs. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:065401. [PMID: 34700301 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac335a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As the power conversion efficiencies of organic solar cells (OSCs) have been improved continuously in recent years, more attention will be paid to the industrial production and practical application of OSCs. However, there are still many problems to be solved in the process of large-scale production. Among them, reducing the costs of the materials and enhancing the film-thickness tolerance of the active layer are the two key points. Therefore, it is urgent to develop organic semiconductor materials which are easy to synthesize and suitable for the construction of high-efficiency, thick-film OSCs. In this work, we have focused on the (E)-2-[2-(thiophen-2-yl)vinyl]thiophene (TVT) unit because of its unique coplanar structure. And we noticed that TVT was mostly used as an electron-donating unit in the previous reports. However, we have modified TVT into electron-withdrawing unit by the introduction of fluorine atoms/ester groups. And two new donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers have been obtained by combining the electron-withdrawing TVT unit with benzo[2,1-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) unit. Among them, the polymer based on the ester modified TVT unit presents excellent photovoltaic performance by virtue of its good solubility and preferable molecular stacking mode, and the corresponding devices also show extraordinarily high-thickness tolerance. The emergence of this new electron-withdrawing TVT unit will undoubtedly further promote the development of low-cost, high-efficiency, thick-film OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangnan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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26
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Ye L, Gao M, Hou J. Advances and prospective in thermally stable nonfullerene polymer solar cells. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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Bi P, Zhang S, Wang J, Ren J, Hou J. Progress in Organic Solar Cells: Materials, Physics and Device Engineering. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengqing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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28
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Jin L, Ma R, Liu H, Xu W, Luo Z, Liu T, Su W, Li Y, Lu R, Lu X, Yan H, Tang BZ, Yang T. Boosting Highly Efficient Hydrocarbon Solvent-Processed All-Polymer-Based Organic Solar Cells by Modulating Thin-Film Morphology. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34301-34307. [PMID: 34264073 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Many highly efficient all-polymer-based organic solar cells (OSCs) have been achieved owing to material design and device engineering. However, most of them were achieved by using halogenated solvents to process the active layers, being not beneficial to its nature of green energy technology. In this work, we compared chloroform- and toluene-processed PM6:PY-IT-based all-polymer devices with the same blend solution recipe, same film formation speed, and same postcast treatment. The film cast from toluene exhibited weaker crystallinity. For device performance, toluene enabled a better power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.51%, outperforming that of chloroform (15.00%), and it is the highest value for non-halogenated solvent-cast all-polymer-based OSCs to date. Toluene's morphology tuning effect was characterized to increase and balance the charge transport and then suppress the exciton recombination and improve the charge extraction, considered to be the reason for efficiency enhancement. Besides, the toluene-cast active layer-based devices showed slightly better photostability than the chloroform-driven ones. This work provided a new direction for building low-toxicity solvent-treated all-polymer OSCs with cutting-edge performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Jin
- Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenhan Xu
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenghui Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenyan Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Yang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
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29
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Bi P, Ren J, Zhang S, Zhang T, Xu Y, Cui Y, Qin J, Hou J. Suppressing Energetic Disorder Enables Efficient Indoor Organic Photovoltaic Cells With a PTV Derivative. Front Chem 2021; 9:684241. [PMID: 34055749 PMCID: PMC8149913 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.684241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoor organic photovoltaics (IOPVs) cells have attracted considerable attention in the past few years. Herein, two PTV-derivatives, PTVT-V and PTVT-T, were used as donor materials to fabricate IOPV cells with ITCC as the acceptor. The preferred orientation of the crystals changed from edge-on to face-on after replacing the ethylene in the backbones of PTVT-V by the thiophene in that of PTVT-T. Besides, it was found that, the energetic disorder of the PTVT-T:ITCC based system is 58 meV, which is much lower than that of PTVT-V:ITCC-based system (70 meV). The lower energetic disorder in PTVT-T:ITCC leads to an efficient charge transfer, charge transport, and thus the weak charge recombination. As a result, a PCE of 9.60% under AM 1.5 G and a PCE of 24.27% under 1,000 lux (LED 2,700 K) with a low non-radiative energy loss of 0.210 eV were obtained based on PTVT-T:ITCC blend. The results indicate that to improve the PTV-derivatives photovoltaic properties by suppressing the energetic disorder is a promising way to realize low-cost IOPV cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqing Bi
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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30
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Liang Z, Gao M, Zhang B, Wu J, Peng Z, Li M, Ye L, Geng Y. Fluorination Enables Tunable Molecular Interaction and Photovoltaic Performance in Non-Fullerene Solar Cells Based on Ester-Substituted Polythiophene. Front Chem 2021; 9:687996. [PMID: 34041227 PMCID: PMC8141579 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.687996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the advantages of low synthetic cost and high scalability of synthesis, polythiophene and its derivatives (PTs) have been of interest in the community of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Nevertheless, the typical efficiency of PT based photovoltaic devices reported so far is much lower than those of the prevailing push-pull type conjugated polymer donors. Recent studies have underscored that the excessively low miscibility between PT and nonfullerene acceptor is the major reason accounting for the unfavorable active layer morphology and the inferior performance of OPVs based on a well-known PT, namely PDCBT-Cl and a non-halogenated nonfullerene acceptor IDIC. How to manipulate the miscibility between PT and acceptor molecule is important for further improving the device efficiency of this class of potentially low-cost blend systems. In this study, we introduced different numbers of F atoms to the end groups of IDIC to tune the intermolecular interaction of the hypo-miscible blend system (PDCBT-Cl:IDIC). Based on calorimetric, microscopic, and scattering characterizations, a clear relationship between the number of F atoms, miscibility, and device performance was established. With the increased number of F atoms in IDIC, the resulting acceptors exhibited enhanced miscibility with PDCBT-Cl, and the domain sizes of the blend films were reduced substantially. As a result, distinctively different photovoltaic performances were achieved for these blend systems. This study demonstrates that varying the number of F atoms in the acceptors is a feasible way to manipulate the molecular interaction and the film morphology toward high-performance polythiophene:nonfullerene based OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyuan Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junjiang Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongxiang Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou, China
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