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Xie Z, Li D. Tea cigarette: newly emerging smoking product in China. Tob Control 2023:tc-2023-058341. [PMID: 38135487 PMCID: PMC11192852 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2023-058341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zidian Xie
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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Luo M, Bauman A, Phongsavan P, Ding D. Retirement transition and smoking and drinking behaviors in older Chinese adults: Analysis from the CHARLS study. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102408. [PMID: 37744741 PMCID: PMC10511792 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Smoking and drinking are important public problems and a substantial part of work culture in mainland China. However, little is known about the effect of retirement on these behaviors. Thus, this study examined the relationships between retirement transition, smoking and excessive drinking among older Chinese adults. Methods Repeated longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of Chinese adults were collected in 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018. Respondents completed a structured questionnaire regarding work status and health behaviors. Modified mixed-effects Poisson regression models were used to explore the associations, with additional analyses stratified by gender. Results Of the 10,378 participants included, 62.6% and 20.1% of men reported current smoking and excessive drinking at study entry; compared to 4.4% and 1.5% of women, respectively. There was no significant association between retirement and smoking. We found a dose-response relationship between time in retirement and excessive drinking in the adjusted model where those who retired >= 2 years ago had a 30% lower risk of excessive drinking (risk ratio (RR) = 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.56-0.86), and those who retired < 2 years ago had a 16% lower risk of excessive drinking (RR = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.73-0.97), compared with those who remained working. This pattern remained when analyzed separately for men and women, although not all results reached statistical significance. Discussion Chinese older adults are more likely to reduce drinking following retirement. Such evidence supports the positive framing of retirement in public discourse and the need for workplace interventions to address excessive drinking in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Luo
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Pei T, Barnett P, Yang T, Rockett IRH, Zhang W. Real-world, anti-tobacco environmental impact upon price-induced smoking reduction among urban Chinese men: Evidence from China's 2015 cigarette tax increase. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:124. [PMID: 37808587 PMCID: PMC10557054 DOI: 10.18332/tid/170596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Raising the price of cigarettes via taxation has been promoted by the World Health Organization as an important tobacco control strategy. Price elasticity of cigarettes is not uniform and is dependent upon individual and environmental determinants. Many studies have examined the determinants of price-induced smoking, taking into account sociodemographic characteristics and consumption patterns. Little research has been conducted on the association between anti-smoking environments and price-induced smoking behavior. This study addresses the deficit within the Chinese context. METHODS Participants were 2852 male smokers identified through a multi-stage survey sampling process encompassing 6 cities in China between July and December 2016. A standardized questionnaire tapped price-induced smoking reduction and related information. Both unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression methods were applied in the analyses. RESULTS In all, 25.5% (95% CI: 22.5-27.9) of smokers in this study decreased their smoking expenditures following the 2015 excise tax increase. The adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that increased exposures to an anti-smoking information environment (AOR=1.39; 95% CI: 1.10-1.79), restricted smoking in their home (AOR=1.67; 95% CI: 1.32-2.08) and workplace (AOR=1.43; 95% CI: 1.09-1.85) were more likely to report diminished cigarette smoking following the tax increases. CONCLUSIONS This study adds to understanding price-induced smoking behavior among urban male Chinese smokers. Strengthening of excise tax policies needs to intensify environmental smoking restrictions and public education campaigns to increase the sensitivity of cigarette price changes among smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Pei
- School of Humanities and Management, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pauline Barnett
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Tingzhong Yang
- Women’s Hospital, Center for Tobacco Control Research, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Injury Control Research Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, United States
| | - Ian R. H. Rockett
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Weifang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research, Hospital of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang YZ, Hwang SY. The Moderating Effect of Mental Health on the Relationship Between Cardiovascular Disease Awareness and Health Behaviors of Middle-Aged Korean Chinese Workers With Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Korea. J Transcult Nurs 2023; 34:131-142. [PMID: 36752276 DOI: 10.1177/10436596221147078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death in China and Korea, yet little is known about in Korean Chinese workers. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of CVD awareness and mental health on health behaviors and evaluate the moderating effect of mental health on the relationship between CVD awareness and health behaviors among Korean Chinese workers. METHOD We used a cross-sectional design and convenience sampling of participants from Seoul in December 2021. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, independent t tests, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. RESULTS CVD awareness, mental health, and health behaviors were relatively low and mental health showed a moderating effect on the relationship between the two variables. DISCUSSION Understanding relationships between CVD awareness, socioculturally mediated health behaviors, and mental health issues is critical to CVD prevention among participants; moreover, mental health should be specifically assessed and targeted for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu Zhang
- Doctoral student, College of Nursing, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Young Hwang
- Professor, College of Nursing, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhang J, Eggink E, Zhang X, Li X, Jiang B, Liu H, Ge S, Zhang W, Lyu J, Niu Y, Yu Y, Hou H, Xu X, Ye X, Wang W, Terlou R, Richard E, Wang W, Wang Y, Moll van Charante EP, Song M. Needs and views on healthy lifestyles for the prevention of dementia and the potential role for mobile health (mHealth) interventions in China: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061111. [PMID: 36414280 PMCID: PMC9684993 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Over the coming decades, China is expected to face the largest worldwide increase in dementia incidence. Mobile health (mHealth) may improve the accessibility of dementia prevention strategies, targeting lifestyle-related risk factors. Our aim is to explore the needs and views of Chinese older adults regarding healthy lifestyles to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dementia through mHealth, supporting the Prevention of Dementia using Mobile Phone Applications (PRODEMOS) study. DESIGN Qualitative semi-structured interview study, using thematic analysis. SETTING Primary and secondary care in Beijing and Tai'an, China. PARTICIPANTS Older adults aged 55 and over without dementia with an increased dementia risk, possessing a smartphone. Participants were recruited through seven hospitals participating in the PRODEMOS study, purposively sampled on age, sex, living area and history of CVD and diabetes. RESULTS We performed 26 interviews with participants aged 55-86 years. Three main themes were identified: valuing a healthy lifestyle, sociocultural expectations and need for guidance. First, following a healthy lifestyle was generally deemed important. In addition to generic healthy behaviours, participants regarded certain specific Chinese lifestyle practices as important to prevent disease. Second, the sociocultural context played a crucial role, as an important motive to avoid disease was to limit the care burden put on family members. However, time-consuming family obligations and other social values could also impede healthy behaviours such as regular physical activity. Finally, there seemed to be a need for reliable and personalised lifestyle advice and for guidance from a health professional. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese older adults included in this study highly value a healthy lifestyle. They express a need for personalised lifestyle support in order to adopt healthy behaviours. Potentially, the PRODEMOS mHealth intervention can meet these needs through blended lifestyle support to improve risk factors for dementia and CVD. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN15986016; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Esmé Eggink
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingming Li
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Ge
- Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jihui Lyu
- Centre for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Niu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Centre & National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yueyi Yu
- Innovation Centre for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Hou
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xizhu Xu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ye
- Comvee Research Institute, Fuzhou Comvee Network & Technology Co., Ltd, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Edo Richard
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Youxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eric P Moll van Charante
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manshu Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Zhou H, Hoe C, Zhang W, Yang X, Li M, Wu D. Are E-Cigarette and Tea Cigarette Gifting Behaviors Associated with Tobacco Use and Failed Quit Attempts in China? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15333. [PMID: 36430051 PMCID: PMC9696736 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate e-cigarette and tea cigarette gifting in China and their influencing factors, as well as to explore whether they were associated with tobacco use and cessation. Using a multistage sampling design, 1512 household heads from Guangdong and Shaanxi provinces were recruited for the study and filled out an online questionnaire about smoking status, social participation, e-cigarette, and tea cigarette gifting. Results showed that more than 30% and nearly 3% of participants had been gifted tea cigarettes and e-cigarettes, respectively. Marital status, province of residence, smoking status, and social participation were associated with gifting behaviors. Logistic regressions showed that receiving e-cigarettes (OR = 3.43, p < 0.05) and tea cigarettes (OR = 1.70, p < 0.01) were related to tobacco use. Smokers who have received e-cigarettes (OR = 9.85, p < 0.01) and tea cigarettes (OR = 1.92, p < 0.05) were also less likely to quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhou
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Connie Hoe
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Weifang Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiaozhao Yang
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Mingyan Li
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dan Wu
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Psychology/Research Center for Quality of Life and Applied Psychology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
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Yang XY, Vuolo MC, Wu D. The toxic gift: reciprocity and social capital in cigarette exchange in China. HEALTH SOCIOLOGY REVIEW : THE JOURNAL OF THE HEALTH SECTION OF THE AUSTRALIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2022; 31:309-325. [PMID: 35514070 DOI: 10.1080/14461242.2022.2064225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The widespread exchange of tobacco cigarettes as a gift in some societies normalises the symbolic desirability of tobacco products and promotes smoking. Little is known about how and why people exchange toxic substances as gifts. This study argues two key factors involved in social exchange processes - reciprocity and social capital - can explain gift cigarette circulation. We conducted a multistage survey among household heads from China and measured the quantity and monetary values of outgoing and incoming gift cigarettes circulated by each household and measured social capital in three dimensions: collective participation, social ties, and trust. Ordinary Least Square regressions showed that reciprocity is strongly and significantly associated with both the value and quantity of gift cigarettes. All three dimensions of social capital are varyingly associated with gifting cigarettes. Income and higher classes are also associated with greater quantity and value of received cigarettes. This study broadens the phenomenon of gifting cigarettes to the more universal patterns of reciprocity and social capital, wherein better social capital and socioeconomic position ironically lead to a higher risk of tobacco use and endanger health. We suggest policymakers target the endemic social need for gift exchange in China's informal economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhao Y Yang
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael C Vuolo
- Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dan Wu
- School of Psychology/Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Zhang L, Huang L, Weiger C, Jiao C, Li Y, Wu D. Prevalence, correlates, and behavioral outcomes of alcohol gifting in China. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1653. [PMID: 36045342 PMCID: PMC9434964 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alcohol gifting is a very common practice in China. However, little is known about the potentially adverse consequences of alcohol gifting. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of, and factors associated with, alcohol gifting, and explore whether drinking and tobacco use were associated with alcohol gifting. Methods Using a cross-sectional multi-stage survey, a sample of 982 household heads from Guangdong Province and 530 household heads from Shaanxi Province was collected online from 30 April to 30 July 2020 in China. Participants completed questionnaires regarding socio-demographic characteristics, social capital, drinking status, and gifting alcohol behavior. Chi-square analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to identify the factors associated with alcohol gifting, and to identify its relationship with alcohol and cigarette use status. Results Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, household annual income, province, drinking status, and social participation were prominent correlates of both offering and receiving alcohol. Participants who were married, had an education level of junior high school, or had a large social network had higher odds of receiving alcohol. When both alcohol gifting behaviors were included in the models, participants who offered alcohol had 2.15 (95% CI: 1.63–2.85) times higher odds of current drinking than those who didn’t offer alcohol and participants who received alcohol had 1.87 (95% CI: 1.45–2.41) times higher odds of current drinking than those who did not receive alcohol. Those who received alcohol had significantly higher odds of current smoking (AOR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.25–2.14), while those who offered alcohol had significantly lower odds of current smoking (AOR = 0.71;95% CI:0.53–0.95). Conclusions Social participation is an important correlate of alcohol gifting. Alcohol receiving behaviors were significantly associated with both current alcohol and tobacco use. These associations can be used to inform alcohol gifting interventions in China.
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Wu D, Jiao G, Hu H, Zhang L, Huang L, Jiang S. Cigarette sharing and gifting in China: Patterns, associated factors, and behavioral outcomes. Tob Induc Dis 2022; 20:08. [PMID: 35125991 PMCID: PMC8796849 DOI: 10.18332/tid/144054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate the patterns and factors associated with cigarette sharing and gifting, and to explore whether smoking can be predicted by these social practices. METHODS A cross-sectional survey using a multi-stage sampling design was conducted online from 30 April to 30 July 2020 in China. A sample of 982 household heads from Guangdong Province and 530 household heads from Shaanxi province were involved in the data analysis. Demographic characteristics, social participation, beliefs and behaviors related to cigarette sharing and gifting were assessed. Chi-squared analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to explore the key factors associated with cigarette sharing and gifting, and to identify their relationship with smoking. RESULTS The shared and gift cigarettes were both mainly offered to friends, and receiving gift cigarettes mostly occurred during the holidays. Gender and province were associated with cigarette sharing, and marital status and social participation were associated with cigarette gifting. Cigarette gifting beliefs and smoking status were prominent predictors for both sharing and gifting cigarettes. Cigarette gifting beliefs were significantly higher among smokers than non-smokers, and people with high cigarette gifting beliefs were 1.68 (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=19.17; 95% CI: 13.31-27.61) times more likely to be a smoker. Offering shared cigarettes has been found to significantly predict tobacco use (AOR=19.17; 95% CI: 13.31-27.61), while people who received shared and gift cigarettes were 1.50 (95% CI: 1.08-2.09) and 2.58 (95% CI: 1.66-4.00) times more likely to be a current smoker than those who did not receive cigarettes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette sharing and gifting were especially pervasive among male smokers and married people in Shaanxi Province. Offering shared cigarettes and receiving shared/gift cigarettes might facilitate cigarette use. This study provides evidence-based data to support the design and implementation of tobacco control programs for the denormalization of gifting and sharing cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- School of Psychology, Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guihua Jiao
- Department of Psychology, Research Center on Quality of Life and Applied Psychology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huan Hu
- School of Psychology, Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Psychology, Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixin Huang
- School of Psychology, Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuhan Jiang
- School of Humanities and Management, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Fong GT, Yuan J, Craig LV, Xu SS, Meng G, Quah AC, Seo HG, Lee S, Yoshimi I, Katanoda K, Tabuchi T. Achieving the Goals of Healthy China 2030 Depends on Increasing Smoking Cessation in China: Comparative Findings from the ITC Project in China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea. China CDC Wkly 2021; 3:463-467. [PMID: 34594914 PMCID: PMC8393109 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the number one preventable cause of disease and death in China as it is globally. Indeed, the toll of smoking in China is much greater than its status as the world's most populous country. There is a persistent and continuing need for China to implement the measures specified in the global tobacco control treaty, the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), which China ratified in 2005. The theme for the 2021 WHO World No Tobacco Day focuses on the need to support smoking cessation. This article presents findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Policy Evaluation Project cohort surveys in China, in comparison to ITC cohort surveys in two neighboring countries: Japan and the Republic of Korea. These findings demonstrate that smokers in China very much want to quit, but these intentions are not being translated into quit attempts, relative to smokers in Japan and the Republic of Korea. Additionally, about 80% of Chinese smokers want the Chinese government to do more to control smoking. These findings reaffirm the need for China to implement strong, evidence-based measures to reduce smoking. The objective of Healthy China 2030 to reduce deaths from non-communicable diseases by 30% can be achieved by reducing smoking prevalence from its current 26.6% to 20%, and this reduction can be achieved through strong implementation of FCTC measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey T. Fong
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiang Yuan
- Tobacco Control Office, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Gang Meng
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Hong-Gwan Seo
- Korea National Cancer Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyu Lee
- Korea Center for Tobacco Research and Education, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Davey G, Zhao X. Smoking and the City: A Travelogue in Yuxi. THE ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14442213.2021.1889652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wen H, Xie C, Wang F, Wu Y, Yu C. Trends in Disease Burden Attributable to Tobacco in China, 1990-2017: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Front Public Health 2020; 8:237. [PMID: 32766191 PMCID: PMC7381278 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2018, there were more than 371 million cigarette smokers and 12. 6 million electronic cigarette users, with 340.2 million non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) in China, which resulted in heavy tobacco-attributable disease burden. According to the definition by the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017), tobacco is a level 2 risk factor that consists of three sublevel risk factors, namely, smoking, SHS, and chewing tobacco. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the trends in deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to tobacco, smoking, SHS, and chewing tobacco by sex in China from 1990 to 2017 and to explore the leading causes of tobacco-attributable deaths and DALYs using data from the GBD 2017. From 1990 to 2017, the tobacco-attributable death rates per 100,000 people decreased from 75.65 [95% uncertainty interval (95% UI) = 56.23-97.74] to 70.90 (95% UI = 59.67-83.72) in females and increased from 198.83 (95% UI = 181.39-217.47) to 292.39 (95% UI = 271.28-313.76) in males. From 1990 to 2017, the tobacco-attributable DALY rates decreased from 2209.11 (95% UI = 1678.63-2791.91) to 1489.05 (95% UI = 1237.65-1752.57) in females and increased from 5650.42 (95% UI = 5070.06-6264.39) to 6994.02 (95% UI = 6489.84-7558.41) in males. In 2017, the tobacco-attributable deaths in China were concentrated on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, lung cancer, and stroke. The focus of tobacco control for females was SHS in 1990, whereas smoking and SHS were equally important for tobacco control in females in 2017. Increasing tobacco taxes and prices may be the most effective and feasible measure to reduce tobacco-attributable disease burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Xie
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yini Wu
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Luo M, Ding D, Bauman A, Negin J, Phongsavan P. Social engagement pattern, health behaviors and subjective well-being of older adults: an international perspective using WHO-SAGE survey data. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:99. [PMID: 31973695 PMCID: PMC6979381 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social engagement forms the basis of social relationships by providing a sense of belonging, social identity, and fulfillment. Previous research demonstrates that social engagement was associated with positive health behaviors among older adults. However, the results have been different across health-related behaviors, and mostly based on data from high-income countries. For example, studies from the US and UK showed that social engagement was protective against smoking, while others found social engagement encouraged more smoking in many Asian cultures. In this study, we aim to examine the association between social engagement and a range of health-related behaviors and subjective well-being among older adults in six low- to middle-income countries. METHODS Data from the WHO Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE Wave 1) were used. A total of 33,338 individuals aged 50 and older in China, Russia, India, Ghana, South Africa, and Mexico were included. Social engagement, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep duration, depression symptoms, self-rated health status, and quality of life were assessed using established self-reported measures. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between social engagement and nine outcome variables, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS Lower levels of social engagement were positively related to physical inactivity, prolonged sitting time, unhealthy sleep duration, perceived depression, poor self-rated health, and low quality of life. However, the associations between social engagement and tobacco use, excessive drinking, and insufficient fruit and vegetable intake were mixed across countries. CONCLUSION This international study found high social engagement as a potential health-promoting factor in some low- to middle-income countries. Although the impacts of social engagement on tobacco and alcohol use and diet were complicated and culture-specific, interventions at both individual and community levels should encourage healthy lifestyles through positive social engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Luo
- The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health and Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding Ding
- The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health and Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health and Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Joel Negin
- The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health and Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health and Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
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Xu S, Gravely S, Meng G, Elton-Marshall T, O’Connor RJ, Quah AC, Feng G, Jiang Y, Hu GJ, Fong GT. Impact of China National Tobacco Company's 'Premiumization' Strategy: longitudinal findings from the ITC China Surveys (2006-2015). Tob Control 2019; 28:s68-s76. [PMID: 30158207 PMCID: PMC6445774 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2009, the China National Tobacco Company (CNTC) began their Premiumization Strategy, designed to encourage smokers to trade up to more expensive brands, mainly by promoting the concept that higher class cigarettes are better quality and less harmful. This study is the first evaluation of the strategy's impact on: (1) prevalence of premium brand cigarettes (PBC), mid-priced brand cigarettes (MBC) and discount brand cigarettes (DBC) over 9 years, from 3 years pre-strategy (2006) to 6 years post-strategy (2015); and (2) changes in reasons for choosing PBCs, MBCs and DBCs. METHODS A representative cohort of adult Chinese smokers (n=9047) in seven cities who participated in five waves of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) China Survey: pre-implementation (Wave 1 (2006; n=3452), Wave 2 (2007-2008; n=3586)); mid-implementation (Wave 3 (2009; n=4172)); and post-implementation (Wave 4 (2011-2012; n=4070), Wave 5 (2013-2015; n=2775)). Generalised estimating equations were conducted to examine changes in prevalence of PBCs, MBCs and DBCs, and reasons for brand choice from pre-implementation to post-implementation. RESULTS From pre-implementation to post-implementation, there was an increase in prevalence of PBCs (5.4% to 23.2%, p<0.001) and MBCs (40.0% to 50.4%, p<0.001), and a decrease in DBCs (54.6% to 26.5%, p<0.001). There was an increase in smokers who chose their current brand because they believed it to be less harmful, both for MBC smokers (+13.0%, p=0.001) and PBC smokers (+9.0%, p=0.06). There was an increase for smokers in all brand classes for choosing their current brand because they were 'higher in quality' and because of affordable price, but the greatest increase was among PBC smokers (+18.6%, p<0.001 and +34.9%, p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the rising trend in Chinese smokers' choice of 'less harmful', 'higher quality' and 'affordable' cigarettes, particularly PBCs, is likely due to CNTC's aggressive marketing strategies. Strong tobacco control policies that prohibit CNTC's marketing activities are critical in order to dispel erroneous beliefs that sustain continued smoking in China, where the global tobacco epidemic is exerting its greatest toll.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Xu
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannon Gravely
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gang Meng
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tara Elton-Marshall
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, London, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Anne C.K. Quah
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guoze Feng
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Grace J. Hu
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey T. Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Mao A, Bottorff JL, Oliffe JL, Sarbit G, Kelly MT. A Qualitative Study on Chinese Canadian Male Immigrants' Perspectives on Stopping Smoking: Implications for Tobacco Control in China. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:812-818. [PMID: 27099344 PMCID: PMC6131442 DOI: 10.1177/1557988316644050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
China has the largest number of smokers in the world; more than half of adult men smoke. Chinese immigrants smoke at lower rates than the mainstream population and other immigrant groups do. This qualitative study was to explore the influence of denormalization in Canada on male Chinese immigrant smoking after migration. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 22 male Chinese Canadian immigrants who were currently smoking or had quit smoking in the past 5 years. The study identified that, while becoming a prospective/father prompted the Chinese smokers to quit or reduce their smoking due to concern of the impacts of their smoking on the health of their young children, changes in smoking were also associated with the smoking environment. Four facilitators were identified which were related to the denomormalized smoking environment in Canada: (a) the stigma related to being a smoker in Canada, (b) conformity with Canadian smoking bans in public places, (c) the reduced social function of smoking in Canadian culture, and (d) the impact of graphic health messages on cigarette packs. Denormalization of tobacco in Canada in combination with collectivist values among Chinese smokers appeared to contribute to participants' reducing and quitting smoking. Although findings of the study cannot be claimed as generalizable to the wider population of Chinese Canadian immigrants due to the small number of the participants, this study provides lessons for the development of tobacco control measures in China to reverse the current prosmoking social environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Mao
- Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macau,
China
| | - Joan L. Bottorff
- University of British Columbia, Kelowna,
British Columbia, Canada
- Australian Catholic University, Melbourne,
Australia
| | - John L. Oliffe
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gayl Sarbit
- University of British Columbia, Kelowna,
British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mary T. Kelly
- University of British Columbia, Kelowna,
British Columbia, Canada
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Bai X, Chen JY, Fang Z, Zhang XY, Wang F, Pan ZQ, Fang PQ. Motivations, challenges and coping strategies for smoking cessation: Based on multi-ethnic pregnant couples in far western China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 37:439-445. [PMID: 28585135 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to clarify the smoking cessation motivations, challenges and coping strategies among pregnant couples. A qualitative design using a grounded theory approach was applied. Data were collected by individual semi-structured interviews with 39 married individuals (21 non-smoking pregnant women and 18 smoking or ever-smoking men with a pregnant wife) and 3 imams in an ethnically diverse region of far western China. The most common theme for smoking cessation motivation was "embryo quality" (i.e., a healthier baby), followed by family's health. Most interviewees reported that husband's withdrawal symptoms were the greatest challenge to smoking cessation, followed by the Chinese tobacco culture. Coping strategies given by the pregnant women typically involved combining emotional, behavioral and social interventions. Social interventions showed advantages in helping to quit smoking. Pregnancy appears to be a positive stimulus for pregnant couples' smoking cessation. Our results suggest that pregnancy, a highly important life event, may help to reduce barriers to smoking cessation at the social level (e.g., limiting access to cigarettes, avoiding temptation to smoke), but does little to help with the withdrawal symptoms. Professional guidance for smoking cessation is still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- School of Health and Medicine Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jiang-Yun Chen
- School of Health and Medicine Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zi Fang
- Department of Financial Management, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- School of Policy and Public Administration, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Medical Department, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Zheng-Qiong Pan
- School of Health and Medicine Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Peng-Qian Fang
- School of Health and Medicine Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Li J, Collins D. Smoking environments in transition: the experiences of recent Chinese migrants to Canada. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2017; 25:65-74. [PMID: 26087896 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
International migrants experience first-hand differences between countries in terms of the social meanings, spatial regulation and prevalence of smoking. This research centred on the smoking-related perceptions, experiences and behaviours of recent migrants from China to Canada. Eight focus groups were held in Edmonton, Alberta, in July-October 2013 to explore migrants' understandings of the practices and meanings of smoking in both countries. There were 58 participants (37 non-smokers and 21 smokers), most of whom were international students. Qualitative content analysis of focus group transcripts was undertaken to identify key themes. Participants observed that smoking remains almost ubiquitous in China due to ineffective spatial restrictions and the social importance of smoking among men. By contrast, smoking bans in Canada were perceived as effective due to widespread compliance and expectations of enforcement. They were conscious that male smoking was both less prevalent and less socially valued in Canada; conversely, female smoking was perceived as more accepted in Canada than in China. There was broad agreement that smoking was tolerated in Canada, provided it occurred in appropriate places. Complying with widespread spatial restrictions brought about changes in smokers' behaviours: they smoked less often, and consumed fewer cigarettes. Because smoking was more difficult to perform, participants thought the Canadian context supported quitting. Non-smokers were enthusiastic about smoke-free environments in Canada, and had become acculturated to air that did not smell of smoke. These findings affirm the importance of comprehensive smoking bans, backed by enforcement, in contributing to the denormalisation of smoking and the protection of non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Human Geography Program (EAS), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Damian Collins
- Human Geography Program (EAS), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Xu Y, Xu S, Wu Q, Guo Y. Association between secondhand smoke exposure at home and cigarette gifting and sharing in Zhejiang, China: a repeat cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010058. [PMID: 26940109 PMCID: PMC4785330 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the current study were to assess the prevalence of household cigarette gifting and sharing, and to evaluate the relationship between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, and cigarette gifting and sharing, in Zhejiang, China. DESIGN A repeat cross-sectional design. SETTING 10 sites in 5 cities in Zhejiang, China. PARTICIPANTS Two surveys were conducted with adults in Zhejiang, China, in 2010 (N=2112) and 2012 (N=2279), respectively. At both waves, the same questionnaire was used; respondents were asked questions on residence, number of family smokers, indoor smoking rules, household income and cigarette gifting and sharing. RESULTS The findings revealed that more than half of respondents' families (54.50% in 2010, 52.79% in 2012) reported exposure to SHS. Many families (54.73% in 2010, 47.04% in 2012) shared cigarettes with others, and a minority (14.91% in 2010, 14.17% in 2012) reported their family giving cigarettes as a gift. There was a significant decrease in cigarette sharing from 2010 to 2012, irrespective of household with SHS exposure status; and the cigarette gifting was significantly decreased in household without SHS exposure. CONCLUSIONS Compared to households without SHS exposure, the prevalence of cigarette gifting and sharing in households with SHS exposure was more obvious. Encouraging and promoting a smoke-free household environment is necessary to change public smoking customs in Zhejiang, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- Department of Health Education, Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - ShuiYang Xu
- Department of Health Education, Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - QingQing Wu
- Department of Health Education, Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - YuJie Guo
- Department of Health Education, Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
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Mao A, Bottorff JL. A Qualitative Study on Unassisted Smoking Cessation Among Chinese Canadian Immigrants. Am J Mens Health 2016; 11:1703-1712. [PMID: 26819181 DOI: 10.1177/1557988315627140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that majority of smokers worldwide quit smoking without any assistance. This is even more evident among Chinese smokers. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore how Chinese Canadian immigrant men who smoked cigarettes perceived smoking cessation aids and services and how they used any form of the smoking cessation assistance to help them quit smoking. The study was conducted in British Columbia, Canada. Twenty-two Chinese immigrants were recruited by internet advertisement and through connections with local Chinese communities. Ten of the 22 participants were current smokers and the other 12 had quit smoking in the past 5 years. Data were collected using semistructured interviews. Although all participants, including both the ex-smokers and current smokers, had made more than one quit attempt, they rarely used cessation aids or services even after they had immigrated to Canada. The barriers to seeking the cessation assistance were grouped into two categories: practical barriers and cultural barriers. The practical barriers included "Lack of available information on smoking cessation assistance" and "Difficulty in accessing smoking cessation assistance," while cultural barriers included "Denial of physiological addiction to nicotine," "Mistrust in the effectiveness of smoking cessation assistance," "Tendency of self-reliance in solving problems," and "Concern of privacy revelation related to utilization of smoking cessation assistance." The findings revealed Chinese immigrants' unwillingness to use smoking cessation assistance as the result of vulnerability as immigrants and culturally cultivated masculinities of self-control and self-reliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Mao
- 1 Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Joan L Bottorff
- 2 University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.,3 Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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20
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The impact of regional economic reliance on the tobacco industry on current smoking in China. Health Place 2015; 33:159-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mao A, Bottorff JL, Oliffe JL, Sarbit G, Kelly MT. A qualitative study of Chinese Canadian fathers' smoking behaviors: intersecting cultures and masculinities. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:286. [PMID: 25879194 PMCID: PMC4379716 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND China is home to the largest number of smokers in the world; more than half of the male population smoke. Given the high rates of Chinese immigration to Canada and the USA, researchers have explored the effect of immigration on Chinese smokers. Reduced tobacco use among Chinese immigrants has been reported in the United States; however, little is known about the social factors underlying men's smoking practices in settings where tobacco control measures have denormalized smoking, and in the context of fatherhood. The purpose of this Canada-based study was to explore the smoking-related experiences of immigrant Chinese fathers. METHODS In this qualitative study, semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 22 Chinese Canadian fathers who smoked or had recently quit smoking, and had at least one child under the age of five years old. RESULTS The Chinese fathers had dramatically changed their smoking patterns due to concern for their children's health and social norms and restrictions related to smoking in Canada. The facilitators and barriers for men's smoking were intertwined with idealized masculine provider and protector roles, and diverse Canadian Chinese cultural norms related to tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS The findings have implications for the development of future smoking cessation interventions targeting Chinese Canadian immigrant smokers as well as smokers in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Mao
- Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Est. Repouso No.35, R/C, Macau, China.
| | - Joan L Bottorff
- School of Nursing and Institute for Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - John L Oliffe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, 302 6190 Agronomy Rd, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Gayl Sarbit
- Institute for Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
| | - Mary T Kelly
- Institute for Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
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Egbe CO, Petersen I, Meyer-Weitz A, Oppong Asante K. An exploratory study of the socio-cultural risk influences for cigarette smoking among Southern Nigerian youth. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1204. [PMID: 25416846 PMCID: PMC4247683 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increase in smoking prevalence in developing countries including Nigeria has been mainly blamed on the aggressive marketing strategies of big tobacco companies. There is a paucity of research on other socio-cultural risk factors for smoking among the youth. The main objective of this study is to explore and describe socio-cultural risk factors influencing cigarette smoking among the youth in Southern Nigeria. Methods A total of 27 respondents (5 community leaders, 4 political analysts and 18 young cigarette smokers) were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyse the data. Results Social-cultural practices fuelling early usage and exposure of children to cigarettes and the promotional activities of tobacco companies were identified as possible factors influencing youth’s smoking behaviour in Southern Nigeria. Conclusion Tobacco control policies should include cultural interventions to modify current traditional practices and social norms which fuel the use of tobacco in the society. Such interventions must target specific groups, subpopulations and subcultures more exposed to the cultural risk influences for smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine O Egbe
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Applied Human Sciences, College of Humanities, University of KwaZulu-Natal, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa.
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Jin J. Why FCTC policies have not been implemented in China: domestic dynamics and tobacco governance. JOURNAL OF HEALTH POLITICS, POLICY AND LAW 2014; 39:633-666. [PMID: 24603081 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-2682630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The international community, under the auspices of the World Health Organization, developed the landmark Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) to curb the global tobacco epidemic. As an internationally binding convention about global best practices on tobacco control, the FCTC has become an overriding source of policy transfer for developing countries in the fight against smoking. However, since its ratification of the first global norm over tobacco governance and against the grim background of the widespread tobacco-induced public health devastation within its borders, China has failed to genuinely pursue FCTC policies because of domestic political and social factors. The empirical findings of this article point to the dominance of political-social dynamics for China's nontransfer of FCTC policies, arguing that the government's GDPism, its sovereignty-first mentality, and hostility to NGOs as well as widespread social acceptability of tobacco consumption and high smoking prevalence are fundamental causes of China's nontransfer of FCTC policies. The article explicates how these variables correspond to FCTC policies in an analytic framework of policy transfer.
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Egbe CO, Petersen I, Meyer-Weitz A. Community Participation in Tobacco Control in a Nigerian Setting. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2013.10820628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Huang CL, Cheng CP, Huang HW. The development of a Chinese-language instrument to measure social smoking motives among male Taiwanese smokers. J Transcult Nurs 2013; 24:371-7. [PMID: 23843185 DOI: 10.1177/1043659613493435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to measure the social smoking motives of adult male smokers using a Chinese social context. DESIGN Three phases were conducted between February 2006 and May 2009. First, the initial instrument development was guided by a literature review, interviews with smokers, and item analysis. Second, the validity and reliability of the refined scale were tested. The factor structures of the Social Smoking Measures (SSM-12) scale were validated. RESULTS The final scale consists of 12 items. Two factors that account for 49.2% of the variance emerged from the exploratory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha was .88, and test-retest reliability was .82. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the SSM model was a two-correlated factor. CONCLUSION Field testing revealed the SSM-12 to be a reliable and valid Chinese-language instrument to measure social smoking motives, which can be used to guide nursing interventions that support culturally and socially appropriate smoking cessation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ling Huang
- Department of Nursing, Chang Jung Christian University, 396 Sec. 1 Chang Jung Road, Kway Jen, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Rich ZC, Hu M, Xiao S. Gifting and sharing cigarettes in a rural Chinese village: a cross-sectional study. Tob Control 2013; 23:496-500. [PMID: 23811698 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Quantitative measurement of the prevalence of cigarette sharing and gifting in a town in rural China and evaluation of the impact of these practices on individual smoking habits and family expenditures. METHODS An interview-based cross-sectional study of 105 households in rural Hunan, China tabulated household cigarette gifting and expenditures. Individual smoking and cigarette sharing activities were also recorded among 198 household members aged >15 years who were resident for at least 6 months. RESULTS With regard to sharing cigarettes, 92% of men and 19% of women reported being offered a cigarette within the past week. Among previous and current smokers who had attempted to quit smoking, 90% reported that their friends had tried to dissuade them from quitting by tempting them with cigarettes. Concerning gifting cigarettes, 74% of households reported sending packaged cigarettes as gifts during the Chinese New Year Festival at an average expense of 2.8% of household annual income. Although households received an average of 12.4% of their annual cigarette consumption in the form of gifts during the Chinese New Year Festival, no association was found between the amount of cigarettes received by a household and the annual cigarette consumption for that household. CONCLUSIONS Both gifting and sharing cigarettes are common in rural China. Gifting of cigarettes during the New Year Festival is a significant expenditure affecting both smoking and non-smoking households and may be an opportunity for additional mass media marketing. Among current and former smokers, sharing cigarettes in China is a major impediment to smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C Rich
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Hu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuiyuan Xiao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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