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Webber HE, de Dios C, Kessler DA, Schmitz JM, Lane SD, Suchting R. A meta-analysis of electrophysiological biomarkers of reward and error monitoring in substance misuse. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14515. [PMID: 38238282 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Substance use disorders are characterized by marked changes in reward and error processing. The primary objective of this meta-analysis was to estimate effect sizes for the reward positivity (RewP) and error-related negativity (ERN), two event-related potential indicators of outcome monitoring, in substance users compared to controls. The secondary objective was to test for moderation by demographic, substance type, and EEG experiment parameters. Final PubMed searches were performed in August 2023. Inclusion criteria were substance use disorder/dependence or validated self-report of substance misuse, RewP/ERN means available, healthy control comparison group, non-acute drug study, peer-reviewed journal, English language, and human participants. Selection bias was tested through modified Egger's regression and exploratory 3-parameter selection model tests. The RewP results (19 studies, 1641 participants) did not support an overall effect (Hedges' g = 0.07, 95% CI [-0.44, 0.58], p = .777) and nor effect of any moderators. The ERN results (20 studies, 1022 participants) indicated no significant overall effect (g = 0.41, 95%CI [-0.05, 0.88]). Subgroup analyses indicated that cocaine users had a blunted ERN compared to controls (g = 1.12, 95%CI [0.77, 1.47]). There was limited evidence for publication/small study bias. Although the results indicate a potential dissociation between substance types, this meta-analysis revealed the need for additional research on the RewP/ERN in substance using populations and for better designed experiments that adequately address research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Webber
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Constanza de Dios
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Danielle A Kessler
- College of Medicine at Tower Health, Drexel University, Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joy M Schmitz
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Scott D Lane
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Suchting
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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2
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Tao R, Wang X, Wang Y, Yao H, Wu S, Liu J, Yang S. Emotional Appeals and Norms: How Normative Perceptions Moderate the Persuasive Impacts of Discrete Emotional Appeals within Tobacco Pictorial Warnings in China. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37947022 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2277036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco pictorial warnings could employ a variety of emotional appeals to enhance effectiveness; however, little research exists to guide the selection of discrete emotional appeals. Further, it remains unclear how contextual pro-smoking norms might influence the persuasive impacts of discrete emotional appeals within pictorial warnings, especially in China, where the overall smoking rate and social acceptance remain high. To fill these gaps, this study leveraged the largest set of pictorial warnings (K = 510) tested to date. Using a randomized large-K multiple-message design, we evaluated the impacts of disgust, fear, self-anger, contempt, shame, and hope appeals among Chinese adult male smokers (N = 2,306) on perceived message effectiveness (PME). Results showed that fear, self-anger, shame, and hope appeals significantly increased PME, while disgust and contempt appeals appeared less effective. Importantly, the PME of nearly all emotional appeals - except hope appeals - was weakened for Chinese adult male smokers with higher pro-smoking normative perceptions, highlighting the importance of considering local contextual influences when implementing pictorial warnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tao
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Yidi Wang
- Department of Communication, University of California Santa Barbara
| | - Heyu Yao
- Center for Studies of Media Development, School of Journalism and Communication, Wuhan University
| | - Shiwen Wu
- Center for Studies of Media Development, School of Journalism and Communication, Wuhan University
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Department of Communication, University of California Santa Barbara
| | - Sijia Yang
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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3
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Yang G, King SG, Lin HM, Goldstein RZ. Emotional Expression on Social Media Support Forums for Substance Cessation: Observational Study of Text-Based Reddit Posts. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e45267. [PMID: 37467010 PMCID: PMC10398365 DOI: 10.2196/45267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorder is characterized by distinct cognitive processes involved in emotion regulation as well as unique emotional experiences related to the relapsing cycle of drug use and recovery. Web-based communities and the posts they generate represent an unprecedented resource for studying subjective emotional experiences, capturing population types and sizes not typically available in the laboratory. Here, we mined text data from Reddit, a social media website that hosts discussions from pseudonymous users on specific topic forums, including forums for individuals who are trying to abstain from using drugs, to explore the putative specificity of the emotional experience of substance cessation. OBJECTIVE An important motivation for this study was to investigate transdiagnostic clues that could ultimately be used for mental health outreach. Specifically, we aimed to characterize the emotions associated with cessation of 3 major substances and compare them to emotional experiences reported in nonsubstance cessation posts, including on forums related to psychiatric conditions of high comorbidity with addiction. METHODS Raw text from 2 million posts made, respectively, in the fall of 2020 (discovery data set) and fall of 2019 (replication data set) were obtained from 394 forums hosted by Reddit through the application programming interface. We quantified emotion word frequencies in 3 substance cessation forums for alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis topic categories and performed comparisons with general forums. Emotion word frequencies were classified into distinct categories and represented as a multidimensional emotion vector for each forum. We further quantified the degree of emotional resemblance between different forums by computing cosine similarity on these vectorized representations. For substance cessation posts with self-reported time since last use, we explored changes in the use of emotion words as a function of abstinence duration. RESULTS Compared to posts from general forums, substance cessation posts showed more expressions of anxiety, disgust, pride, and gratitude words. "Anxiety" emotion words were attenuated for abstinence durations >100 days compared to shorter durations (t12=3.08, 2-tailed; P=.001). The cosine similarity analysis identified an emotion profile preferentially expressed in the cessation posts across substances, with lesser but still prominent similarities to posts about social anxiety and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. These results were replicated in the 2019 (pre-COVID-19) data and were distinct from control analyses using nonemotion words. CONCLUSIONS We identified a unique subjective experience phenotype of emotions associated with the cessation of 3 major substances, replicable across 2 time periods, with changes as a function of abstinence duration. Although to a lesser extent, this phenotype also quantifiably resembled the emotion phenomenology of other relevant subjective experiences (social anxiety and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). Taken together, these transdiagnostic results suggest a novel approach for the future identification of at-risk populations, allowing for the development and deployment of specific and timely interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Sarah G King
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Hung-Mo Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Rita Z Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
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Webber HE, de Dios C, Kessler DA, Schmitz JM, Lane SD, Suchting R. Late positive potential as a candidate biomarker of motivational relevance in substance use: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104835. [PMID: 36031010 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current meta-analysis was to assess the effect size of the Late Positive Potential (LPP) to drug and emotional cues in substance users compared to controls. The secondary objective was to test for moderation by: age, gender, years of use, use status, and substance type. Search was performed in August 2021 using PubMed. Inclusion criteria were: substance use disorder/dependence or validated self-report, LPP means, healthy control comparison, non-acute drug study, data available, peer-reviewed journal, English, and human participants. Selection bias was tested through modified Egger's regression and exploratory 3-parameter selection model tests. Results (k = 11) indicated LPP to drug cues was larger in substance use compared to control group, with a large effect size (Hedges' g=1.66, 95%CI [0.64,2.67], p = 0.005). There were no overall differences for emotional cues. Though threats of selection bias were not severe, inclusion of more studies with larger sample sizes in future meta-analyses will allow more robust tests of publication bias and more accurate measures of effect size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Webber
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Constanza de Dios
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Danielle A Kessler
- College of Medicine at Tower Health, Drexel University, 50 Innovation Way, Wyomissing, PA 19610, USA
| | - Joy M Schmitz
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Scott D Lane
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Robert Suchting
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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Li X, Li W, Chen H, Cao N, Zhao B. Cigarette-specific disgust aroused by smoking warning images strengthens smokers' inhibitory control under smoking-related background in Go/NoGo task. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2827-2838. [PMID: 34169344 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Reduced inhibitory control is more pronounced during substance-related cue exposure among addicts. However, it is inconclusive whether smokers' inhibitory control would be impaired by smoking-related background. Furthermore, few studies explored whether the cigarette-specific disgust aroused by smoking warning images would alleviate the negative effect of smoking-related cues on smokers' inhibitory control. OBJECTIVE Experiment 1 investigated the effect of smoking-related background on inhibitory control in cigarette smokers with a modified Go/NoGo task and experiment 2 explored whether cigarette-specific disgust aroused by smoking warning images would alleviate the negative effect of smoking-related background on smokers' inhibitory control. METHOD Sixty-two male participants (32 smokers and 30 non-smokers) were recruited in experiment 1 and 51 male smokers were recruited in experiment 2. RESULTS Experiment 1 found that compared to neutral background, smokers made more commission errors (i.e., executing a response to a no-go target) under smoking-related background, indicating that smoking-related background has a negative effect on smokers' inhibitory control. Experiment 2 found that after experiencing cigarette-specific disgust, smokers made fewer commission errors at post-mood induction than pre-mood induction, indicating that cigarette-specific disgust aroused by smoking warning images alleviates the negative effect of smoking-related background on smokers' inhibitory control. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the negative effect of smoking-related cues on smokers' inhibitory control would be alleviated by cigarette-specific disgust aroused by smoking warning images, which emphasizes the important role of cigarette-specific disgust in strengthening smokers' inhibitory control towards smoking-related cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Li
- College of Education and Human Development, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijian Li
- College of Education and Human Development, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haide Chen
- College of Education and Human Development, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ningmeng Cao
- College of Education and Human Development, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Boqiang Zhao
- College of Education and Human Development, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China
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van Schalkwyk MCI, Maani N, McKee M, Thomas S, Knai C, Petticrew M. "When the Fun Stops, Stop": An analysis of the provenance, framing and evidence of a 'responsible gambling' campaign. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255145. [PMID: 34437561 PMCID: PMC8389453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
When the Fun Stops, Stop, is a prominent 'responsible gambling' campaign in the UK, originally funded and delivered by the industry-initiated and funded Senet Group. Since the Senet Group's dissolution in 2020, the campaign has been overseen by the Betting and Gambling Council (BGC), the main gambling industry trade body. There has been no prior analysis of the activities, ideas and framing adopted by the Senet Group, who claimed to be acting as an industry 'watchdog' and oversaw what they characterised as a major public education campaign. We collated written and image-based material related to the Senet Group and its When the Fun Stops, Stop campaign from multiple sources. Guided by Entman's four functions of framing, we analysed the Senet Group's framing of the issues it sought to address, particularly harmful gambling, as well as its causes, and the solutions, focusing on the group's main activity: the delivery of the When the Fun Stops, Stop campaign. We also critically appraised an evaluation of the campaign funded by the Senet Group, using the findings to interrogate the stated claims about the campaign's effectiveness. The analysis showed that the Senet Group's framing of the problem, its causes, and proposed responses resemble those adopted by other industries and industry-funded groups. This involves portraying any harms caused by their products as limited to an atypical minority, rejecting upstream determinants of harm, and promoting individually-targeted voluntary measures, all contrary to the evidence of what works in health promotion, and what would characterise a public health approach. Neither the existing evidence base nor the evidence presented by the Senet Group support their claims about the campaign's effectiveness. These findings add to concerns about industry-funded campaigns in other areas. To minimise conflicts of interest, interventions intended to address gambling-related harms, such as public education campaigns, should be evidence-based and developed, implemented and evaluated completely independent of the industry and industry-funded organisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- May CI van Schalkwyk
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nason Maani
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- SPECTRUM Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Martin McKee
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Thomas
- Faculty of Health, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Soc. Dev., Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Cécile Knai
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- SPECTRUM Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Petticrew
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- SPECTRUM Consortium, London, United Kingdom
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Fan M, Jie J, Luo P, Pang Y, Xu D, Yu G, Zhao S, Chen W, Zheng X. Social Exclusion Down-Regulates Pain Empathy at the Late Stage of Empathic Responses: Electrophysiological Evidence. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:634714. [PMID: 33732123 PMCID: PMC7956954 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.634714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Social exclusion has a significant impact on cognition, emotion, and behavior. Some behavioral studies investigated how social exclusion affects pain empathy. Conclusions were inconsistent, and there is a lack of clarity in identifying which component of pain empathy is more likely to be affected. To investigate these issues, we used a Cyberball task to manipulate feelings of social exclusion. Two groups (social exclusion and social inclusion) participated in the same pain empathy task while we recorded event-related potentials (ERP) when participants viewed static images of body parts in painful and neutral situations. The results showed early N2 differentiation between painful and neutral pictures in the central regions in both groups. The pattern at the late controlled processing stage was different. Parietal P3 amplitudes for painful pictures were significantly smaller than those for neutral pictures in the social exclusion group; they did not differ in the social inclusion group. We observed a parietal late positive potential (LPP) differentiation between painful and neutral pictures in both groups. LPP amplitudes were significantly smaller in the social exclusion group than those in the social inclusion group for painful stimuli. Our results indicate that social exclusion does not affect empathic responses during the early emotional sharing stage. However, it down-regulates empathic responses at the late cognitive controlled stage, and this modulation is attenuated gradually. The current study provides neuroscientific evidence of how social exclusion dynamically influences pain empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fan
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jie
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Pinchao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Pang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Education and Psychological Science, Sichuan University of Science, and Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Danna Xu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Management, Guangzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaowen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaochen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,China People's Police University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xifu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Powell PA, Jones CR, Consedine NS. It’s not queasy being green: The role of disgust in willingness-to-pay for more sustainable product alternatives. Food Qual Prefer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Maynard OM, McClernon FJ, Oliver JA, Munafò MR. Using Neuroscience to Inform Tobacco Control Policy. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 21:739-746. [PMID: 29590482 PMCID: PMC6528159 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Techniques employed in the field of neuroscience, such as eye tracking, electroencephalography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging, have been important in informing our understanding of the cognitive mechanisms underlying tobacco smoking. These techniques are now increasingly being used to investigate the likely impact of tobacco control policies. AIMS AND METHODS In this narrative review, we outline the value of these methodological approaches in answering policy-relevant tobacco control research questions, with a particular focus on their use in examining the impact of standardized cigarette packaging and health warnings. We also examine the limitations of these methodologies and provide examples of how they can be used to answer other policy-relevant questions. RESULTS We argue that neuroscience techniques can provide more objective evidence of the impacts of policy measures, allow investigation where it is not possible to conduct behavioral manipulations, and facilitate a deeper understanding of the cognitive mechanisms underlying the impacts of tobacco control policies such as standardized packaging, health warnings, point-of-sale displays, and mass media campaigns. CONCLUSIONS Rather than replacing more traditional methods of examining tobacco control measures, such as observational experiments, surveys, and questionnaires, neuroscience techniques can complement and extend these methods. IMPLICATIONS Neuroscience techniques facilitate objective examination of the mechanisms underlying the impacts of tobacco control measures. These techniques can therefore complement and extend other methodologies typically used in this field, such as observational experiments, surveys, and questionnaires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Maynard
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - F Joseph McClernon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Jason A Oliver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Gartner C, Waa AM, Walker N, Hao’uli S, Bonevski B. Introducing the SRNT Oceania Chapter. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 20:1289-1291. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Coral Gartner
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Morehu Waa
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Natalie Walker
- National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Billie Bonevski
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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